Replication Data for: The Politics of Rural Hospital Closures (doi:10.7910/DVN/XDEURU)

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Part 1: Document Description
Part 2: Study Description
Part 3: Data Files Description
Part 4: Variable Description
Part 5: Other Study-Related Materials
Entire Codebook

Document Description

Citation

Title:

Replication Data for: The Politics of Rural Hospital Closures

Identification Number:

doi:10.7910/DVN/XDEURU

Distributor:

Harvard Dataverse

Date of Distribution:

2025-02-04

Version:

Bibliographic Citation:

Shepherd, Michael, 2025, "Replication Data for: The Politics of Rural Hospital Closures", https://doi.org/10.7910/DVN/XDEURU, Harvard Dataverse, V1, UNF:6:BBRW6MRzmZ6K8SiqclP1zg== [fileUNF]

Study Description

Citation

Title:

Replication Data for: The Politics of Rural Hospital Closures

Identification Number:

doi:10.7910/DVN/XDEURU

Authoring Entity:

Shepherd, Michael (University of Michigan)

Distributor:

Harvard Dataverse

Access Authority:

Shepherd, Michael

Depositor:

Shepherd, Michael

Date of Deposit:

2024-12-12

Holdings Information:

https://doi.org/10.7910/DVN/XDEURU

Study Scope

Keywords:

Social Sciences

Abstract:

Replication Data and Code for "The Politics of Rural Hospital Closures."

Methodology and Processing

Sources Statement

Data Access

Other Study Description Materials

File Description--f10778153

File: countypres_2000-2020.tab

Number of cases: 72617
No. of variables per record: 12
Type of File: text/tab-separated-values

Notes:

UNF:6:KNR0/XNVzJC+RnAqIx5Z1Q==

County Presidential Election Data 2000-2020

File Description--f10778149

File: cumulative_ces_policy_preferences.tab

Number of cases: 557456
No. of variables per record: 56
Type of File: text/tab-separated-values

Notes:

UNF:6:t613TjJPeYSKtTJo4M/e/w==

CES Cumulative Policy Data

File Description--f10778156

File: pres_county_80-16.tab

Number of cases: 3112
No. of variables per record: 24
Type of File: text/tab-separated-values

Notes:

UNF:6:0tWJCU04rIZfWHacDqK4kg==

County Presidential Election Data 2000-2016 used in pre-trends

File Description--f10778155

File: Rural-urban Continuum Code 2013-Table 1.tab

Number of cases: 3240
No. of variables per record: 6
Type of File: text/tab-separated-values

Notes:

UNF:6:2W2gZ+7VkP0cJg3uDwGCuw==

RUCA Codes

File Description--f10778151

File: rwj_2011_state_county.tab

Number of cases: 3193
No. of variables per record: 24
Type of File: text/tab-separated-values

Notes:

UNF:6:SIijp5MWDJT5ub54S4VV8w==

Robert Wood Johnson 2011 County Data

Variable Description

List of Variables:

year - year
state - state
state_po - state_po
county_name - county_name
county_fips - county_fips
office - office
candidate - candidate
party - party
candidatevotes - candidatevotes
totalvotes - totalvotes
version - version
mode - mode
year - Survey year
case_id - Case ID
abortion_20weeks - Ban abortion after 20 weeks
abortion_always - Always allow abortion
abortion_conditional - Allow abortion only under certain cases
abortion_coverage - Employer coverage of abortion
abortion_expenditures - Prohibit expenditures for abortion
abortion_prohibition - Total prohibition of abortion
abortion_scale - Support scale for access to abortion (1 = Never permit, 4 = Always allow)
enviro_airwateracts - Strengthen EPA enforcement of Clean Air and Water acts
enviro_carbon - Allow EPA to regulate carbon dioxide emissions
enviro_mpg_raise - Raise average fuel efficiency
enviro_renewable - Require states use a minimum amount of renewable fuels
enviro_scale - Opposition scale to climate change (1 = serious problem, 5 = not occuring)
enviro_vs_jobs - Preference scale between environmental protection and job availability (1=Environmental protection, 5=Job protection)
guns_assaultban - Ban assault rifles
guns_bgchecks - Background checks for guns for all sales
guns_names - Prohibit state and local publishing gun owner names
guns_permits - Ease ability to obtain concealed-carry permits
guns_scale - Restriction scale on gun sales (1 = More strict, 2 = Less strict, 3 = Same)
healthcare_aca - Repeal the Affordable Care Act
healthcare_acamandate - Restore ACA mandate requiring everyone to be insured
healthcare_medicare - Provide Medicare for all Americans
healthcare_medicareage - Lower the eligibility age for Medicare from 65 to 50
immig_border - Increase border security between US-Mexico
immig_deport - Identify and deport illegal immigrants
immig_employer - Sanction employers hiring undocumented
immig_legalize - Grant conditional legal status to undocumented
immig_police - Allow police questioning of suspected undocumented
immig_reduce - Reduce legal immigration by 50 percent
immig_report - Withhold funding from police failing to report illegal immigrants
immig_services - Prohibit services to immigrants
immig_wall - Increase spending on border security, including building a wall
military_democracy - Approve of military to assist in spread democracy
military_genocide - Approve of military to intervene in genocide or civil war
military_helpun - Approve of military to help the United Nations uphold international law
military_oil - Approve of military ensuring oil supply
military_protectallies - Approve of military to protect US allies under attack
military_terroristcamp - Approve of military to destroy terrorist camp
affirmativeaction - Opposition to affirmative action (1 = Support, 4 = Oppose)
affirmativeaction_scale - Opposition scale to affirmative action (1 = Strongly support, 7 = Strongly oppose)
gaymarriage_ban - Amendment banning gay marriage
gaymarriage_legalize - Support for legalizing gay marriage
gaymarriage_scale - Opposition scale to gay marriage (1=Strongly support, 4=Strongly oppose)
incometax_vs_salestax - Preference scale from 0 (increase income tax) to 100 (increase sales tax)
spending_cuts_least - Least preferred spending cut option (1=Defense, 2=Domestic, 3=Raise taxes)
spending_cuts_most - Most preferred spending cut option (1=Defense, 2=Domestic, 3=Raise taxes)
spending_education - Spending preferences on education (1 = Increase, 3 = Maintain, 5 = Decrease)
spending_healthcare - Spending preferences on health care (1 = Increase, 3 = Maintain, 5 = Decrease)
spending_infrastructure - Spending preferences on transportation/infrastructure (1 = Increase, 3 = Maintain, 5 = Decrease)
spending_police - Spending preferences on law enforcement (1 = Increase, 3 = Maintain, 5 = Decrease)
spending_vs_tax - Preference scale from 0 (increasing taxes) to 100 (spending cuts on education, health care, welfare and construction)
spending_welfare - Spending preferences on welfare (1 = Increase, 3 = Maintain, 5 = Decrease)
trade_canmex_except - Tariffs on steel and aluminum EXCEPT from Canada and Mexico
trade_canmex_include - Tariffs on steel and aluminum INCLUDING from Canada and Mexico
trade_china - Tariffs on goods imported from China
State - State
Area - Area
dt2016 - dt2016
dm2016 - dm2016
dt2012 - dt2012
dm2012 - dm2012
dt2008 - dt2008
dm2008 - dm2008
dt2004 - dt2004
dm2004 - dm2004
dt2000 - dt2000
dm2000 - dm2000
dt1996 - dt1996
dm1996 - dm1996
dt1992 - dt1992
dm1992 - dm1992
dt1988 - dt1988
dm1988 - dm1988
dt1984 - dt1984
dm1984 - dm1984
dt1980 - dt1980
dm1980 - dm1980
FIPS1 - FIPS1
FIPS2 - FIPS2
FIPS - FIPS
State - State
County_Name - County_Name
Population_2010 - Population_2010
RUCC_2013 - RUCC_2013
Description - Description
State FIPS Code - State FIPS Code
County FIPS Code - County FIPS Code
5-digit FIPS Code - 5-digit FIPS Code
State Abbreviation - State Abbreviation
Name - Name
Release Year - Release Year
Premature death raw value - Premature death raw value
Poor or fair health raw value - Poor or fair health raw value
Low birthweight raw value - Low birthweight raw value
Adult obesity raw value - Adult obesity raw value
Teen births raw value - Teen births raw value
Uninsured adults raw value - Uninsured adults raw value
Primary care physicians raw value - Primary care physicians raw value
Preventable hospital stays raw value - Preventable hospital stays raw value
Some college raw value - Some college raw value
Mental health providers raw value - Mental health providers raw value
Median household income raw value - Median household income raw value
Population raw value - Population raw value
% below 18 years of age raw value - % below 18 years of age raw value
% 65 and older raw value - % 65 and older raw value
% Non-Hispanic African American raw value - % Non-Hispanic African American raw value
% Asian raw value - % Asian raw value
% Hispanic raw value - % Hispanic raw value
% Rural raw value - % Rural raw value

Variables

year

f10778153 Location:

Summary Statistics: Mean 2011.30341380117; Valid 72617.0; Min. 2000.0; Max. 2020.0; StDev 7.520172170573485

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:m1I1TFmxlecxDSvEdGdRLw==

state

f10778153 Location:

Variable Format: character

Notes: UNF:6:pwpjfNqBFUsoDbCLK7QrSw==

state_po

f10778153 Location:

Variable Format: character

Notes: UNF:6:f64BreJJUtDXz0PObkgJsw==

county_name

f10778153 Location:

Variable Format: character

Notes: UNF:6:ZaBqmarn4JrgTioY6qRGsg==

county_fips

f10778153 Location:

Summary Statistics: Valid 72565.0; StDev 51799.98929281549; Min. 1001.0; Max. 2938000.0; Mean 31102.97943912359;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:QH0TYxxs4O9hXeuW8EoTCA==

office

f10778153 Location:

Variable Format: character

Notes: UNF:6:pPeejotDffptBr8JK5WFtg==

candidate

f10778153 Location:

Variable Format: character

Notes: UNF:6:6dMyFg7w/+s2uDdU1iccNA==

party

f10778153 Location:

Variable Format: character

Notes: UNF:6:hKWhqG8QpnZ50qNK/vR6/g==

candidatevotes

f10778153 Location:

Summary Statistics: Min. 0.0; Mean 10781.828635166958; Valid 72617.0; StDev 46034.93501855075; Max. 3028885.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:iMU3/aOUTU4FEPUK52sWrg==

totalvotes

f10778153 Location:

Summary Statistics: Mean 42514.20905572995; Min. 0.0; Valid 72617.0; StDev 121951.40313664907; Max. 4264365.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:p21IrdcnpjtG2rW4SaN2+Q==

version

f10778153 Location:

Summary Statistics: Valid 72617.0; Min. 2.0220315E7; Max. 2.0220315E7; StDev 0.0; Mean 2.0220315E7;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:8cFZRhPBy7RlSMr42nSFgQ==

mode

f10778153 Location:

Variable Format: character

Notes: UNF:6:PT1vkgZHlNMsuu/UrUG61Q==

Survey year

f10778149 Location:

Summary Statistics: Min. 2006.0; StDev 4.431623520735074; Mean 2014.0704306707596; Valid 557456.0; Max. 2021.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:GU4hoKGWSNfDfs+ktsv0Fw==

Case ID

f10778149 Location:

Variable Format: character

Notes: UNF:6:IaQWtvTP7TFVKLyklfybxw==

Ban abortion after 20 weeks

f10778149 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency	Text
2.	Oppose	122454
1.	Support	194312

Summary Statistics: Valid 316766.0; Mean 1.386575579449847; Max. 2.0; Min. 1.0; StDev 0.48696575797296804;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:a3wTJOmRzcpyhdYM/1/vDQ==

Always allow abortion

f10778149 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency	Text
2.	Oppose	125970
1.	Support	191029

Summary Statistics: Valid 316999.0; Max. 2.0; Mean 1.3973829570440246; Min. 1.0; StDev 0.4893572293591424

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:fFJZj8GWNPhs8o4po7Yumg==

Allow abortion only under certain cases

f10778149 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency	Text
1.	Support	138273
2.	Oppose	178393

Summary Statistics: Min. 1.0; Valid 316666.0; Max. 2.0; Mean 1.563347501784173; StDev 0.4959716431634879;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:GNAdGLd8cWG/FDH5N38C6w==

Employer coverage of abortion

f10778149 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency	Text
2.	Oppose	154600
1.	Support	118781

Summary Statistics: Min. 1.0; StDev 0.4956906190119924; Valid 273381.0; Mean 1.565511136472463; Max. 2.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:lh2hXVeIHqOHam/riEcHNA==

Prohibit expenditures for abortion

f10778149 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency	Text
1.	Support	131671
2.	Oppose	159476

Summary Statistics: StDev 0.49771549368503604; Valid 291147.0; Min. 1.0; Mean 1.5477507925550293; Max. 2.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:Ykc4/aKkZ0RaOqeVIJiroQ==

Total prohibition of abortion

f10778149 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency	Text
1.	Support	42722
2.	Oppose	218571

Summary Statistics: StDev 0.3698240184940403; Mean 1.8364977247764036; Min. 1.0; Max. 2.0; Valid 261293.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:kdKi9+gLI/w09CIA+bdYWA==

Support scale for access to abortion (1 = Never permit, 4 = Always allow)

f10778149 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency
4.	Always allow	108958
3.	Permit in other cases	33979
2.	Permit in rape, incest cases	64678
1.	Never permit	27564

Summary Statistics: StDev 1.0977290433929743; Valid 235179.0; Max. 4.0; Mean 2.953873432576816; Min. 1.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:p16JCFaawxWKXOTgEBzYTw==

Strengthen EPA enforcement of Clean Air and Water acts

f10778149 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency	Text
2.	Oppose	128420
1.	Support	179979

Summary Statistics: Min. 1.0; Mean 1.4164086135168394; Valid 308399.0; Max. 2.0; StDev 0.49296375940715226;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:Pu3E+UEex064GxJnTEpKgw==

Allow EPA to regulate carbon dioxide emissions

f10778149 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency	Text
2.	Oppose	99093
1.	Support	209198

Summary Statistics: StDev 0.46702497982417546; Mean 1.3214268337382666; Max. 2.0; Min. 1.0; Valid 308291.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:NAYO2NVjmxa0fSw5/T3Oxg==

Raise average fuel efficiency

f10778149 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency	Text
2.	Oppose	108771
1.	Support	181639

Summary Statistics: Mean 1.3745428876416106; Max. 2.0; StDev 0.4840054954393466; Min. 1.0; Valid 290410.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:MJn+dRLxXiORS5TXDPv7Zw==

Require states use a minimum amount of renewable fuels

f10778149 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency	Text
1.	Support	195174
2.	Oppose	113321

Summary Statistics: Min. 1.0; Mean 1.3673349649103304; Valid 308495.0; Max. 2.0; StDev 0.48207960110508286;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:6FL7O5wc9f06VjliOI8XrA==

Opposition scale to climate change (1 = serious problem, 5 = not occuring)

f10778149 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency
5.	Climate change not occurring	8488
3.	More research needed	33977
2.	Some action	45992
1.	Immediate action	46935
4.	No action necessary	30499

Summary Statistics: Max. 5.0; Min. 1.0; Valid 165891.0; StDev 1.219557007145574; Mean 2.443086122815533

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:9GHH4U5W/kWMQzExoLsk7w==

Preference scale between environmental protection and job availability (1=Environmental protection, 5=Job protection)

f10778149 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency
2.	Environment somewhat more important	39797
3.	Environment and jobs of same importance	57503
6.	Haven't thought much about this	1553
5.	Jobs much more important	27566
4.	Jobs somewhat more important	46140
1.	Environment much more important	32113

Summary Statistics: Max. 6.0; StDev 1.2862433825580364; Min. 1.0; Valid 204672.0; Mean 3.009322232645662

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:iFGTX73zdOy8nQg/v/9svA==

Ban assault rifles

f10778149 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency	Text
1.	Support	215958
2.	Oppose	116693

Summary Statistics: StDev 0.47722025708029286; Min. 1.0; Mean 1.3507970816261006; Max. 2.0; Valid 332651.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:7bAf2D6q9vul5edsZStAiQ==

Background checks for guns for all sales

f10778149 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency	Text
1.	Support	242491
2.	Oppose	29951

Summary Statistics: StDev 0.3128097009521036; Min. 1.0; Mean 1.1099353256839848; Max. 2.0; Valid 272442.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:G7MPoFEUCaZQFdPTzu85vA==

Prohibit state and local publishing gun owner names

f10778149 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency	Text
2.	Oppose	98659
1.	Support	131018

Summary Statistics: Max. 2.0; Min. 1.0; StDev 0.49501376537382735; Valid 229677.0; Mean 1.4295554191320576

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:LScmjUS7BTxNOYayvZQtkQ==

Ease ability to obtain concealed-carry permits

f10778149 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency	Text
2.	Oppose	209727
1.	Support	123216

Summary Statistics: Max. 2.0; Min. 1.0; StDev 0.48282693435453994; Mean 1.6299186347212484; Valid 332943.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:6NmHF7nZvWz5ffzjU9Fcgg==

Restriction scale on gun sales (1 = More strict, 2 = Less strict, 3 = Same)

f10778149 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency
2.	Less strict	18155
3.	Kept as they are	42978
1.	More strict	48660

Summary Statistics: Max. 3.0; Min. 1.0; Valid 109793.0; Mean 1.9482480668166593; StDev 0.9121253693489227;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:ddeIpI6NR5c+M+YT/xBxjw==

Repeal the Affordable Care Act

f10778149 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency	Text
1.	Support	178111
2.	Oppose	206651

Summary Statistics: Max. 2.0; Min. 1.0; Valid 384762.0; Mean 1.5370878621069402; StDev 0.49862324119862045;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:lXXZXf7/fcAIVc7T7UoCbg==

Restore ACA mandate requiring everyone to be insured

f10778149 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency	Text
1.	Support	42393
2.	Oppose	62040

Summary Statistics: Min. 1.0; Max. 2.0; StDev 0.4910744008767026; Mean 1.5940650943667203; Valid 104433.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:DrVnIvoSgxdVvcY+rrDb/g==

Provide Medicare for all Americans

f10778149 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency	Text
1.	Support	106739
2.	Oppose	57621

Summary Statistics: Mean 1.3505779995132499; StDev 0.47715243999002716; Min. 1.0; Valid 164360.0; Max. 2.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:Z2I98iWXk3ovwPZRYMURXA==

Lower the eligibility age for Medicare from 65 to 50

f10778149 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency	Text
2.	Oppose	31436
1.	Support	47306

Summary Statistics: Min. 1.0; Valid 78742.0; StDev 0.4897428114930368; Max. 2.0; Mean 1.3992278580681263

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:YVW/bZIn3s4UYV6S8n4Y6Q==

Increase border security between US-Mexico

f10778149 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency	Text
1.	Support	233000
2.	Oppose	181258

Summary Statistics: Valid 414258.0; Min. 1.0; Max. 2.0; Mean 1.4375485808361872; StDev 0.4960850877821458;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:HGQYZ5j/hTYohSYZl0pQyA==

Identify and deport illegal immigrants

f10778149 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency	Text
1.	Support	70750
2.	Oppose	82500

Summary Statistics: Min. 1.0; StDev 0.49852980737741914; Max. 2.0; Valid 153250.0; Mean 1.5383360522023712;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:EsG9bSEzPySBxsLEMmCxsQ==

Sanction employers hiring undocumented

f10778149 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency	Text
1.	Support	113431
2.	Oppose	71686

Summary Statistics: Mean 1.387246984339731; StDev 0.4871222015952307; Max. 2.0; Valid 185117.0; Min. 1.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:6R/DanUytvO0+KKcGifFTw==

Grant conditional legal status to undocumented

f10778149 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency	Text
2.	Oppose	194037
1.	Support	220250

Summary Statistics: Mean 1.4683637188707581; StDev 0.4989987442363983; Max. 2.0; Min. 1.0; Valid 414287.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:qWDf6TjxO+eLYurgZ+WB8A==

Allow police questioning of suspected undocumented

f10778149 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency	Text
1.	Support	92267
2.	Oppose	142868

Summary Statistics: Valid 235135.0; Min. 1.0; StDev 0.48828606142309344; Max. 2.0; Mean 1.6075998894254542

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:SU2o2bD+c7Nr2/r15p68wg==

Reduce legal immigration by 50 percent

f10778149 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency	Text
2.	Oppose	82985
1.	Support	54454

Summary Statistics: Mean 1.6037951382067352; StDev 0.4891097115155104; Max. 2.0; Valid 137439.0; Min. 1.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:1tnT2Uf/ZNBMZKXGgw3RyQ==

Withhold funding from police failing to report illegal immigrants

f10778149 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency	Text
1.	Support	80471
2.	Oppose	102227

Summary Statistics: Mean 1.5595408816735892; StDev 0.4964435842978271; Min. 1.0; Max. 2.0; Valid 182698.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:GPGQmmQgClxpAvjtDUgu2Q==

Prohibit services to immigrants

f10778149 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency	Text
1.	Support	22493
2.	Oppose	48442

Summary Statistics: Min. 1.0; Mean 1.6829068865863113; StDev 0.46534731503197624; Valid 70935.0; Max. 2.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:Fr+Cr3XYqfp0lNdrSNRd+w==

Increase spending on border security, including building a wall

f10778149 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency	Text
2.	Oppose	100286
1.	Support	64245

Summary Statistics: Valid 164531.0; StDev 0.487857969549273; Mean 1.6095264722149425; Min. 1.0; Max. 2.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:ass/L5/o3ELuOs132KWrmQ==

Approve of military to assist in spread democracy

f10778149 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency	Text
2.	Oppose	302301
1.	Support	66905

Summary Statistics: Mean 1.8187868019479243; Min. 1.0; StDev 0.3851952450120814; Valid 369206.0; Max. 2.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:jcBIe9oAhqPn9KZ6eLq+kg==

Approve of military to intervene in genocide or civil war

f10778149 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency	Text
1.	Support	155845
2.	Oppose	213361

Summary Statistics: Max. 2.0; Mean 1.5778914752197009; Valid 369206.0; StDev 0.4938963239245678; Min. 1.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:Za0/OnMCNlaAIItdC8b8yw==

Approve of military to help the United Nations uphold international law

f10778149 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency	Text
2.	Oppose	200678
1.	Support	168528

Summary Statistics: StDev 0.49810138974332774; Mean 1.5435393791000185; Valid 369206.0; Min. 1.0; Max. 2.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:8Rw2xBNQWIZb01DZVa/tFA==

Approve of military ensuring oil supply

f10778149 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency	Text
2.	Oppose	288533
1.	Support	80673

Summary Statistics: Mean 1.7814959670210104; StDev 0.41323175465984374; Valid 369206.0; Max. 2.0; Min. 1.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:SV5gZ8trnJ+RbrWvuVdZRA==

Approve of military to protect US allies under attack

f10778149 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency	Text
2.	Oppose	96319
1.	Support	272887

Summary Statistics: Valid 369206.0; StDev 0.4391159820321263; Min. 1.0; Mean 1.2608814591311768; Max. 2.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:aEZIffWH/ioh53kGXN23eQ==

Approve of military to destroy terrorist camp

f10778149 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency	Text
1.	Support	243264
2.	Oppose	125942

Summary Statistics: Mean 1.341115799851503; Max. 2.0; StDev 0.4740848233175689; Valid 369206.0; Min. 1.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:+08sFe0wpEjAcIuavodAfw==

Opposition to affirmative action (1 = Support, 4 = Oppose)

f10778149 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency
1.	Strongly support	31818
2.	Somewhat support	62124
4.	Strongly oppose	91654
3.	Somewhat oppose	62785

Summary Statistics: Mean 2.8626867594543026; StDev 1.0548352134599712; Max. 4.0; Valid 248381.0; Min. 1.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:mwWK9w2B9OkW9FsdY3Cpcg==

Opposition scale to affirmative action (1 = Strongly support, 7 = Strongly oppose)

f10778149 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency
6.	Oppose	5034
1.	Strongly support	5533
7.	Strongly oppose	13661
5.	Somewhat oppose	3991
2.	Support	4640
4.	Neither support nor oppose	8356
3.	Somewhat support	5024

Summary Statistics: Valid 46239.0; Mean 4.522048487207705; Max. 7.0; Min. 1.0; StDev 2.1202203637637194;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:zFMy4hTlsEWlzB6DHFyx8Q==

Amendment banning gay marriage

f10778149 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency	Text
2.	Oppose	67045
1.	Support	51283

Summary Statistics: Mean 1.5666030018254584; Valid 118328.0; Min. 1.0; StDev 0.4955462798239217; Max. 2.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:OtyKZs9TswFwpKNat19MzA==

Support for legalizing gay marriage

f10778149 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency	Text
2.	Oppose	83832
1.	Support	120169

Summary Statistics: Max. 2.0; Valid 204001.0; Mean 1.4109391620629967; Min. 1.0; StDev 0.4920054407770153

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:sCOaJUnRqMU/emi4siPuuA==

Opposition scale to gay marriage (1=Strongly support, 4=Strongly oppose)

f10778149 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency
3.	Somewhat oppose	1968
2.	Somewhat support	2100
5.	Don't know	562
4.	Stongly oppose	9830
1.	Strongly support	7806

Summary Statistics: Max. 5.0; StDev 1.395364069796276; Valid 22266.0; Min. 1.0; Mean 2.6964879187999364;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:GeH0IpTkIzU2SToAXd/irg==

Preference scale from 0 (increase income tax) to 100 (increase sales tax)

f10778149 Location:

Summary Statistics: Mean 170.3648306073173; Max. 998.0; Valid 359756.0; StDev 324.0744477082844; Min. 0.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:c/AxQG/NDGB3sPEEBRJytA==

Least preferred spending cut option (1=Defense, 2=Domestic, 3=Raise taxes)

f10778149 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency
4.	Borrow	14886
2.	Cut domestic spending	91802
3.	Raise taxes	136588
1.	Cut defense spending	59973

Summary Statistics: Mean 2.350823910384447; Min. 1.0; Valid 303249.0; Max. 4.0; StDev 0.849389169142738

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:7XR+IP+RhVkzQVOHGev3ag==

Most preferred spending cut option (1=Defense, 2=Domestic, 3=Raise taxes)

f10778149 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency
1.	Cut defense spending	119722
2.	Cut domestic spending	128447
4.	Borrow	1761
3.	Raise taxes	55229

Summary Statistics: Max. 4.0; Mean 1.8001992403959304; StDev 0.7459728487095063; Min. 1.0; Valid 305159.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:yNWAaN5bHKtBjlUGfYt5qA==

Spending preferences on education (1 = Increase, 3 = Maintain, 5 = Decrease)

f10778149 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency
2.	Slightly increase	56927
5.	Greatly decrease	6936
1.	Greatly increase	76685
3.	Maintain	53943
4.	Slightly decrease	10035

Summary Statistics: Min. 1.0; Valid 204526.0; Max. 5.0; StDev 1.0640962350982341; Mean 2.088673322707165

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:unRN1hcd9aRzwZwOFW+RUQ==

Spending preferences on health care (1 = Increase, 3 = Maintain, 5 = Decrease)

f10778149 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency
4.	Slightly decrease	13963
5.	Greatly decrease	9907
3.	Maintain	60587
1.	Greatly increase	65552
2.	Slightly increase	54588

Summary Statistics: Min. 1.0; Max. 5.0; StDev 1.1220570627771764; Mean 2.2574915565722646; Valid 204597.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:hNXMXMbbsRePFTLrwi+ghA==

Spending preferences on transportation/infrastructure (1 = Increase, 3 = Maintain, 5 = Decrease)

f10778149 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency
4.	Slightly decrease	8212
3.	Maintain	67994
1.	Greatly increase	55905
2.	Slightly increase	69207
5.	Greatly decrease	3127

Summary Statistics: StDev 0.9327380232912909; Max. 5.0; Min. 1.0; Mean 2.1853505832864877; Valid 204445.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:wi+QsaSXzvi94KsY1N998A==

Spending preferences on law enforcement (1 = Increase, 3 = Maintain, 5 = Decrease)

f10778149 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency
4.	Slightly decrease	16362
1.	Greatly increase	40572
5.	Greatly decrease	9372
3.	Maintain	76638
2.	Slightly increase	61467

Summary Statistics: Min. 1.0; StDev 1.0399423764395253; Valid 204411.0; Max. 5.0; Mean 2.474074291501094;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:kukeHxt09pb3T8F4MZVn7Q==

Preference scale from 0 (increasing taxes) to 100 (spending cuts on education, health care, welfare and construction)

f10778149 Location:

Summary Statistics: Max. 998.0; Mean 154.00200271915097; Min. 0.0; StDev 283.8640779021283; Valid 367001.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:C1yGzjjmS/Gl+YPZZjsntw==

Spending preferences on welfare (1 = Increase, 3 = Maintain, 5 = Decrease)

f10778149 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency
1.	Greatly increase	24730
2.	Slightly increase	35536
3.	Maintain	76358
5.	Greatly decrease	33345
4.	Slightly decrease	34675

Summary Statistics: Mean 3.079987685932858; StDev 1.2131939871097592; Valid 204644.0; Max. 5.0; Min. 1.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:24eZUmxVof6ftUalNtu5kA==

Tariffs on steel and aluminum EXCEPT from Canada and Mexico

f10778149 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency	Text
2.	Oppose	66619
1.	Support	71301

Summary Statistics: Min. 1.0; StDev 0.49971362519397433; Valid 137920.0; Mean 1.4830263921113551; Max. 2.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:VqZhvhWcIlKbK0eQ/fEaCw==

Tariffs on steel and aluminum INCLUDING from Canada and Mexico

f10778149 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency	Text
2.	Oppose	100892
1.	Support	62568

Summary Statistics: Mean 1.6172274562584235; StDev 0.48606498419813865; Max. 2.0; Min. 1.0; Valid 163460.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:gVoTbV2L+1QTWZtX1Br2ow==

Tariffs on goods imported from China

f10778149 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency	Text
2.	Oppose	73398
1.	Support	90292

Summary Statistics: Max. 2.0; Min. 1.0; Valid 163690.0; StDev 0.4973314541136768; Mean 1.4483963589711408

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:Z5m6uzlSuXhFSCpi7adhTA==

State

f10778156 Location:

Variable Format: character

Notes: UNF:6:DOqzXrM27oxIFdP6TK5meA==

Area

f10778156 Location:

Variable Format: character

Notes: UNF:6:E4RzF9oD8Hw8w6M0eVxO+A==

dt2016

f10778156 Location:

Summary Statistics: Mean 31.532313624678658; Valid 3112.0; Min. 3.14; Max. 88.52; StDev 15.221526323810487;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:4vQcEqZR/U2xoyMlsCcUUw==

dm2016

f10778156 Location:

Summary Statistics: Mean 33.31834458373515; StDev 16.124778752933725; Max. 91.29; Min. 3.25; Valid 3111.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:ndRu7UBV8/5GeJs9bozl7A==

dt2012

f10778156 Location:

Summary Statistics: StDev 14.779235328784722; Min. 3.45; Max. 93.39; Mean 38.494897172236506; Valid 3112.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:avUO+xGM7KmtE/VLIFgSAA==

dm2012

f10778156 Location:

Summary Statistics: Mean 39.20232401157183; Max. 93.98; Valid 3111.0; Min. 3.47; StDev 15.009472382095037

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:H4hs0lpAgoU/uy2mNOh8zg==

dt2008

f10778156 Location:

Summary Statistics: Mean 41.54608933161952; Valid 3112.0; Max. 88.87; Min. 4.91; StDev 13.856598671611863;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:pKtRPUxZIvlN45fjLupJBg==

dm2008

f10778156 Location:

Summary Statistics: Mean 42.23015107682415; Min. 5.03; Max. 89.98; StDev 14.033826596770723; Valid 3111.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:S0dQ5ravpwLjfikGkGQTNw==

dt2004

f10778156 Location:

Summary Statistics: Max. 84.62; StDev 12.501458017538582; Min. 7.1; Valid 3112.0; Mean 38.744360539845744;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:VD1CtVqYLGjlegOZIV0qqg==

dm2004

f10778156 Location:

Summary Statistics: Min. 7.17; StDev 12.642348932078917; Mean 39.13360012857603; Valid 3111.0; Max. 87.15;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:I4jHpQpnkjPrgq3feT+gpg==

dt2000

f10778156 Location:

Summary Statistics: Mean 39.836980707395504; Min. 6.83; Valid 3110.0; Max. 86.8; StDev 11.790805012371683

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:MPMrs0gUWHat04BgsdntRQ==

dm2000

f10778156 Location:

Summary Statistics: StDev 12.21110584888413; Valid 3109.0; Min. 6.88; Mean 41.17606304277905; Max. 88.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:U8cqg/UIv3WVLYS+gc8srg==

dt1996

f10778156 Location:

Summary Statistics: Valid 3110.0; Max. 86.94; StDev 10.828597384741999; Min. 9.69; Mean 43.93344051446946

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:R1OtNVXhB8uWbmmgiVFzzQ==

dm1996

f10778156 Location:

Summary Statistics: StDev 11.734984928224554; Max. 89.3; Mean 49.508279189449986; Min. 11.79; Valid 3109.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:3NyTgDxLEpDbEY6Lebc4iQ==

dt1992

f10778156 Location:

Summary Statistics: Max. 82.8; Mean 39.70816720257235; Valid 3110.0; Min. 6.84; StDev 10.749997056602792

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:xNDgveUWsukXW6qrB0kkgQ==

dm1992

f10778156 Location:

Summary Statistics: Mean 49.610987455773554; Min. 10.84; StDev 11.190937091906841; Max. 86.48; Valid 3109.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:4IGJS0R0bWKdtyBnHihsag==

dt1988

f10778156 Location:

Summary Statistics: Max. 84.74; Valid 3110.0; Min. 13.82; Mean 43.109691318327975; StDev 10.204853497226717

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:LtHT5t5yZVS5SHF5/3v5qw==

dm1988

f10778156 Location:

Summary Statistics: StDev 10.268549516899114; Min. 14.0; Valid 3109.0; Max. 85.1; Mean 43.519414602766155;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:WWedYqX/VS9iOrSnw6jtuQ==

dt1984

f10778156 Location:

Summary Statistics: StDev 10.45271741354018; Max. 82.71; Mean 36.859360128617354; Min. 6.6; Valid 3110.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:jsHPK0Ta5y6KBSASDZAJ8A==

dm1984

f10778156 Location:

Summary Statistics: Valid 3109.0; StDev 10.510114643015944; Max. 83.59; Mean 37.11091669347057; Min. 6.63;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:5fRfyRWtO5CmAclbqAtcxw==

dt1980

f10778156 Location:

Summary Statistics: StDev 12.630988533503901; Max. 80.1; Valid 3108.0; Min. 6.2; Mean 40.79023166023166;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:na3tAosyXtOWrcvN0J94fg==

dm1980

f10778156 Location:

Summary Statistics: Min. 6.42; StDev 12.593053559224737; Mean 43.05750241390409; Max. 84.81; Valid 3107.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:eECUSHaLHrIb9JIeSj4R9g==

FIPS1

f10778156 Location:

Summary Statistics: StDev 14.96122516823011; Min. 1.0; Valid 3112.0; Max. 56.0; Mean 30.554305912596384

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:Mg48Q+1gov2kcVyB8MEcAw==

FIPS2

f10778156 Location:

Summary Statistics: Valid 3112.0; Min. 1.0; StDev 107.82550757727701; Mean 103.1905526992289; Max. 840.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:gz1UpTEzFE7OQYWrkd1S6Q==

FIPS

f10778155 Location:

Variable Format: character

Notes: UNF:6:O0xIPowxxLqc5NbYfbaMZQ==

State

f10778155 Location:

Variable Format: character

Notes: UNF:6:GWQ0C+7wQrMqFis7LcSsLg==

County_Name

f10778155 Location:

Variable Format: character

Notes: UNF:6:wbSmqVhfsCAd/T32kqf9jA==

Population_2010

f10778155 Location:

Variable Format: character

Notes: UNF:6:KYYPk4jdITNevjhXRKWZYQ==

RUCC_2013

f10778155 Location:

Summary Statistics: Max. 9.0; Mean 4.942141089108907; StDev 2.7230676840249237; Valid 3232.0; Min. 1.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:5crfiDpcDVWlQNY25PZN9w==

Description

f10778155 Location:

Variable Format: character

Notes: UNF:6:A3FgefnRiYMehicELADrHg==

State FIPS Code

f10778151 Location:

Summary Statistics: StDev 15.151291803122778; Mean 30.273723770748973; Valid 3193.0; Min. 0.0; Max. 56.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:AcKdldBxR189CpYBzzemmw==

County FIPS Code

f10778151 Location:

Summary Statistics: Min. 0.0; Valid 3193.0; StDev 107.91785313215651; Max. 840.0; Mean 102.02756028813037

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:1Fr9Oemilj8Kqotu1lv/Vg==

5-digit FIPS Code

f10778151 Location:

Summary Statistics: Mean 30375.751331037227; Valid 3193.0; Max. 56045.0; StDev 15169.540820652664; Min. 0.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:o8nntHJCb1h3VeZqa3aVvg==

State Abbreviation

f10778151 Location:

Variable Format: character

Notes: UNF:6:Na4rjUqGNzxhpp/3kK60lQ==

Name

f10778151 Location:

Variable Format: character

Notes: UNF:6:6CLTblj+mWNI0XjW8vjKtg==

Release Year

f10778151 Location:

Summary Statistics: Mean 2011.0; StDev 0.0; Min. 2011.0; Valid 3193.0; Max. 2011.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:CY/cRJn7vXE3Dy8UTdI0SQ==

Premature death raw value

f10778151 Location:

Summary Statistics: Valid 3098.0; StDev 2502.471571043268; Max. 24829.4; Min. 0.0; Mean 8385.463557133635

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:PQHboE/+LimUX11hxiPUUw==

Poor or fair health raw value

f10778151 Location:

Summary Statistics: Min. 0.021; StDev 0.05739614657202731; Max. 0.448; Valid 2791.0; Mean 0.167725188104622

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:+WaKMLlF+EPdSeyPRdVM1w==

Low birthweight raw value

f10778151 Location:

Summary Statistics: Max. 0.1651; StDev 0.0193279782790929; Mean 0.08125379682753965; Valid 2963.0; Min. 0.033;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:DBrWq1S5ocPtqRhNogx6hg==

Adult obesity raw value

f10778151 Location:

Summary Statistics: Min. 0.117; StDev 0.03712928201222416; Valid 3193.0; Max. 0.437; Mean 0.28898058252427183

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:StQVlc9VDVxH1cSxuglSNQ==

Teen births raw value

f10778151 Location:

Summary Statistics: Mean 48.14084880636605; StDev 20.965760663710235; Valid 3016.0; Max. 137.8; Min. 4.7;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:BMBEWddypjwk8y9l2tLMNw==

Uninsured adults raw value

f10778151 Location:

Summary Statistics: StDev 0.06307329057353267; Min. 0.083; Max. 0.543; Mean 0.20150814536340853; Valid 3192.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:ZRThvCGTT5alZeTLPvpYfg==

Primary care physicians raw value

f10778151 Location:

Summary Statistics: Valid 3192.0; StDev 4.4215620690506125E-4; Mean 5.742368394423559E-4; Min. 0.0; Max. 0.006319381;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:YKUhd5/apb/Mobxxjnoo+Q==

Preventable hospital stays raw value

f10778151 Location:

Summary Statistics: StDev 34.45277982532312; Valid 3168.0; Max. 313.9037; Mean 86.12089494949494; Min. 20.259;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:m7YG81MV93i/X0P0bDhiYw==

Some college raw value

f10778151 Location:

Summary Statistics: StDev 0.12127654755818214; Valid 3193.0; Mean 0.521855308487316; Min. 0.129; Max. 0.938;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:0M6S+SHrr3MqgAVL8P9vYA==

Mental health providers raw value

f10778151 Location:

Summary Statistics: Min. 0.0; Valid 3193.0; Mean 1.8079392420920754E-4; StDev 6.056573130308377E-4; Max. 0.02618

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:xnU55E9S2xKotx9wThaAVg==

Median household income raw value

f10778151 Location:

Summary Statistics: StDev 11457.455435041975; Valid 3192.0; Max. 111582.0; Min. 19182.0; Mean 44302.597431077695

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:z6gqFyEp0v7Nhr1eukOE+A==

Population raw value

f10778151 Location:

Summary Statistics: Valid 3192.0; Max. 3.6961664E7; Mean 192359.99561403366; StDev 1170170.3219346362; Min. 45.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:Bpkf/pOBYA2G9Uw6yoEO+A==

% below 18 years of age raw value

f10778151 Location:

Summary Statistics: StDev 0.034099981465362854; Mean 0.2347703634085213; Min. 0.0; Max. 0.405; Valid 3192.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:/qvpC3HgrJYZ75We+AzZvg==

% 65 and older raw value

f10778151 Location:

Summary Statistics: StDev 0.04215691873491013; Max. 0.372; Min. 0.0; Valid 3192.0; Mean 0.1559263784461153

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:xQe8hfkS8IZS4CqxsTIBCQ==

% Non-Hispanic African American raw value

f10778151 Location:

Summary Statistics: Max. 0.863; Valid 3192.0; StDev 0.1431297308495483; Min. 0.0; Mean 0.09193984962406024

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:8jd16TrNgzSYJ2WUj75OsQ==

% Asian raw value

f10778151 Location:

Summary Statistics: Valid 3192.0; Max. 0.439; StDev 0.025153020522621857; Mean 0.011774122807017518; Min. 0.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:dgU/NcSlYWYdZpqvUVVy6A==

% Hispanic raw value

f10778151 Location:

Summary Statistics: StDev 0.12874786479928604; Max. 0.972; Min. 0.001; Valid 3192.0; Mean 0.0802750626566417

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:KS8+Sn2hazf2jGSzUNpYrw==

% Rural raw value

f10778151 Location:

Summary Statistics: Valid 3192.0; Mean 0.5937249373433585; Max. 1.0; Min. 0.0; StDev 0.3105232573491795

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:0ltzTLp3OhyyTXAesHsvzQ==

Other Study-Related Materials

Label:

AllHospitalList2018.xlsx

Text:

Open Hospital Locations

Notes:

application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.spreadsheetml.sheet

Other Study-Related Materials

Label:

cumulative_2006-2022.dta

Notes:

application/x-stata-14

Other Study-Related Materials

Label:

HospClosureAnalyses.R

Text:

Cleaning and Analyses Script

Notes:

type/x-r-syntax

Other Study-Related Materials

Label:

hospital_closure_counties_FINAL.csv

Text:

Complete Hospital Closure List

Notes:

text/csv