Replication Data for: Hate crime supporters are found across age, gender, and income groups and are susceptible to violent political appeals (doi:10.7910/DVN/WUVTRF)

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Part 1: Document Description
Part 2: Study Description
Part 3: Data Files Description
Part 4: Variable Description
Part 5: Other Study-Related Materials
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Document Description

Citation

Title:

Replication Data for: Hate crime supporters are found across age, gender, and income groups and are susceptible to violent political appeals

Identification Number:

doi:10.7910/DVN/WUVTRF

Distributor:

Harvard Dataverse

Date of Distribution:

2023-01-03

Version:

Bibliographic Citation:

Dancygier, Rafaela, 2023, "Replication Data for: Hate crime supporters are found across age, gender, and income groups and are susceptible to violent political appeals", https://doi.org/10.7910/DVN/WUVTRF, Harvard Dataverse, V1, UNF:6:XJxp1v6+7KVSfDj12Y3Qdw== [fileUNF]

Study Description

Citation

Title:

Replication Data for: Hate crime supporters are found across age, gender, and income groups and are susceptible to violent political appeals

Identification Number:

doi:10.7910/DVN/WUVTRF

Authoring Entity:

Dancygier, Rafaela (Princeton University)

Distributor:

Harvard Dataverse

Access Authority:

Dancygier, Rafaela

Depositor:

Dancygier, Rafaela

Date of Deposit:

2023-01-02

Holdings Information:

https://doi.org/10.7910/DVN/WUVTRF

Study Scope

Keywords:

Social Sciences, Hate crime; political violence; extremism; radical right; political behavior

Abstract:

Hate crime is a pervasive problem across societies. Though perpetrators represent a small share of the population, their actions continue in part because they enjoy community support. But we know very little about this wider community of support; existing surveys do not measure whether citizens approve of hate crime. Focusing on Germany where anti-minority violence is entrenched, this paper uses original surveys to provide systematic evidence on the nature and impacts of hate crime support. Employing direct and indirect measures, I find that significant shares of the population support anti-refugee hate crime and that the profile of supporters is broad, going much beyond common perpetrator types. I next use a candidate choice experiment to show that this support has disturbing political consequences: among radical right voters, hate crime supporters prefer candidates who endorse using gun violence against refugees. I conclude that a significant number of citizens empowers potential perpetrators from the bottom-up and further legitimizes hate crime from the top-down by championing violence-promoting political elites.

Methodology and Processing

Sources Statement

Data Access

Other Study Description Materials

Related Publications

Citation

Bibliographic Citation:

Dancygier, Rafaela. Hate crime supporters are found across age, gender, and income groups and are susceptible to violent political appeals. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.

File Description--f6866343

File: for_dataverse.tab

Number of cases: 25039
No. of variables per record: 72
Type of File: text/tab-separated-values

Notes:

UNF:6:pITocMnqgHx/Uac9GbwOnA==

File Description--f6866357

File: for_dataverse_wave1_nationwide.tab

Number of cases: 3435
No. of variables per record: 2
Type of File: text/tab-separated-values

Notes:

UNF:6:oVuMTH4vJAxnmK2wNdqTKw==

File Description--f6866324

File: for_dataverse_wave2_nationwide.tab

Number of cases: 2907
No. of variables per record: 2
Type of File: text/tab-separated-values

Notes:

UNF:6:c+KdHzqbrYAj2XBohEZdvg==

File Description--f6866347

File: for_dataverse_wave3_nationwide.tab

Number of cases: 3538
No. of variables per record: 2
Type of File: text/tab-separated-values

Notes:

UNF:6:bxIFZtfMBKIHALSIzJMbvA==

File Description--f6866345

File: for_dataverse_wave4_nationwide.tab

Number of cases: 3083
No. of variables per record: 2
Type of File: text/tab-separated-values

Notes:

UNF:6:wRsCWfG0MzdAo2N+As6niw==

File Description--f6866320

File: pca_hate4_wave2_unweighted.tab

Number of cases: 16
No. of variables per record: 8
Type of File: text/tab-separated-values

Notes:

UNF:6:zC8/YlpuqhsnJnVwxxp77g==

File Description--f6866338

File: pca_hate4_wave3_unweighted.tab

Number of cases: 16
No. of variables per record: 8
Type of File: text/tab-separated-values

Notes:

UNF:6:3ouZ2JXQvhh/K/7tydrWcA==

File Description--f6866339

File: pca_hate4_wave4_unweighted.tab

Number of cases: 16
No. of variables per record: 8
Type of File: text/tab-separated-values

Notes:

UNF:6:KMPxgXItkVR+8VVJDaPSkw==

Variable Description

List of Variables:

pseudonym - pseudonym
wave
age - age
age_group - age group
female
native - born in Germany
income - income
quint_income - income in quintiles
ref_integrating - refugees are integrating well
ref_citizenship - refugees should get citizenship
ref_reduce - number of refugees should be reduced
ref_moredone - more done for refugees than natives
ref_cultgiveup - refugees should give up culture
ref_economy - refugees are good for economy
ref_crime - refugees increase crime
ref_terror - refugees increase risk of terrorism
dum_ref_integrating
dum_ref_citizenship
dum_ref_reduce
dum_ref_moredone
dum_ref_cultgiveup
dum_ref_economy
dum_ref_crime
dum_ref_terror
hate_justified - xenophobia somtimes justified even if it turns violent
hate_violence_means - when it comes to refugee problem violence only means to reach politicians
hate_polcondemn - politicians should condemn attacks against refugees more forcefully
dum_hate_justified
dum_hate_violence_means
outcome_list - list experiment
list_treatment - presented 4 (not 3) items on list
cdu_first - first vote for CDU/CSU
afd_first - first vote for AfD in last election
cdu_second - second vote for CDU/CSU in last election
afd_second - second vote for AfD in last election
tr_police - trust in police
focus - respondent gets correct math answer
eduyrs - years of education
quint_eduyrs - education years in quintiles
hate_prevent_settlement - violence defensible if it reduces settlement
hate_pol_message - attacks on homes to send message to politicians
dum_hate_prevent_settlement - violence defensible if it reduces settlement
dum_hate_pol_message - attacks on homes to send message to politicians
choicelnk - choice.lnk
choicecdu - choice.cdu
choiceafd - choice.afd
first_row_wave_4
mean4_hate
mean8_ref
afdv1_fac - afd.v1
lnkv1_fac - lnk.v1
cduv1_fac - cdu.v1
afdv2_fac - afd.v2
lnkv2_fac - lnk.v2
cduv2_fac - cdu.v2
afdv3_fac - afd.v3
lnkv3_fac - lnk.v3
cduv3_fac - cdu.v3
afdv4_fac - afd.v4
lnkv4_fac - lnk.v4
cduv4_fac - cdu.v4
afdv5_fac - afd.v5
lnkv5_fac - lnk.v5
cduv5_fac - cdu.v5
afdv6_fac - afd.v6
lnkv6_fac - lnk.v6
cduv6_fac - cdu.v6
afdv7_fac - afd.v7
cduv7_fac - cdu.v7
lnk_first
lnk_second
weight
pseudonym - pseudonym
focus - respondent gets correct math answer
pseudonym - pseudonym
focus - respondent gets correct math answer
pseudonym - pseudonym
focus - respondent gets correct math answer
pseudonym - pseudonym
focus - respondent gets correct math answer
varname - variable
varlabel - variable
PC
corr - correlation
loading - coefficient
eigenvalue
mean
SD - standard deviation
varname - variable
varlabel - variable
PC
corr - correlation
loading - coefficient
eigenvalue
mean
SD - standard deviation
varname - variable
varlabel - variable
PC
corr - correlation
loading - coefficient
eigenvalue
mean
SD - standard deviation

Variables

pseudonym

f6866343 Location:

Summary Statistics: Valid 25039.0; Min. 4.01011742E8; Mean 4.4996376120140326E8; Max. 4.97999341E8; StDev 2.868674624863837E7

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:qxSnY+p4BfRlJmChFv2unA==

wave

f6866343 Location:

Summary Statistics: Mean 3.2149446862892743; Valid 25039.0; Min. 1.0; Max. 4.0; StDev 1.1063932694631822

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:UkN7kI2PCv0ojhrwLrUADw==

age

f6866343 Location:

Summary Statistics: Mean 45.8111346299771; StDev 14.990267438822073; Valid 25039.0; Min. 18.0; Max. 89.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:z/OEjvxqvWfXE+wYfvdkXQ==

age group

f6866343 Location:

Summary Statistics: Min. 1.0; Max. 5.0; StDev 1.41235992562093; Valid 25039.0; Mean 3.0201685370821507;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:ClYqPx+NGZScOgOi0V947Q==

female

f6866343 Location:

Summary Statistics: Valid 25039.0; Mean 0.4895962298813845; StDev 0.49990173241079755; Min. 0.0; Max. 1.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:TzZN04yzW+Zm8+ApPpTEGA==

born in Germany

f6866343 Location:

Summary Statistics: StDev 0.22466899595871237; Min. 0.0; Mean 0.9466831742481733; Valid 25039.0; Max. 1.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:xZ2qYksD/xPd+4i5u46veA==

income

f6866343 Location:

Summary Statistics: Valid 22638.0; Min. 1.0; StDev 2.609174725675923; Max. 11.0; Mean 5.508127926495282;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:LpWcXA+idVE94TYIN6R9/Q==

income in quintiles

f6866343 Location:

Summary Statistics: StDev 1.3961926068327364; Min. 1.0; Mean 2.7172011661807582; Valid 22638.0; Max. 5.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:rXawuNsNZE+zbOD08BXvfA==

refugees are integrating well

f6866343 Location:

Summary Statistics: Mean 2.84580055114022; Max. 4.0; Valid 25039.0; Min. 1.0; StDev 0.8002824189960126;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:cMtnLb5w1flXBAd2Vq8CFw==

refugees should get citizenship

f6866343 Location:

Summary Statistics: StDev 0.9711957736948416; Min. 1.0; Mean 2.5247813411078646; Valid 25039.0; Max. 4.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:8JvMasZsFnhKol8yfYnS9w==

number of refugees should be reduced

f6866343 Location:

Summary Statistics: Valid 25039.0; Min. 1.0; Mean 2.974639562282834; Max. 4.0; StDev 0.9673744923766581;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:K+u79h2nIcnUTFaYPvdwjg==

more done for refugees than natives

f6866343 Location:

Summary Statistics: Valid 25039.0; StDev 1.0499330405152467; Mean 2.7515875234633955; Max. 4.0; Min. 1.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:6d4cXjlFna8c3+sSTlfz7Q==

refugees should give up culture

f6866343 Location:

Summary Statistics: Mean 2.7969966851711403; Min. 1.0; StDev 0.8292407087187952; Max. 4.0; Valid 25039.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:DO+Qzmu4LMgGD071aAVXxw==

refugees are good for economy

f6866343 Location:

Summary Statistics: Valid 25039.0; Mean 2.64958664483406; Min. 1.0; StDev 0.8999710040898088; Max. 4.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:ypq1K7qZ+Wp4pJ5I4LXXcg==

refugees increase crime

f6866343 Location:

Summary Statistics: Mean 2.8590199289108833; StDev 0.9397612590980107; Max. 4.0; Valid 25039.0; Min. 1.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:3MN7NiLIt6lBI8ZGauMLig==

refugees increase risk of terrorism

f6866343 Location:

Summary Statistics: Valid 25039.0; StDev 0.9673279565978615; Mean 2.9024322057590135; Max. 4.0; Min. 1.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:lnjW2trf7w33hRchQB02cg==

dum_ref_integrating

f6866343 Location:

Summary Statistics: Min. 0.0; StDev 0.47795195101588533; Mean 0.6468708814249785; Max. 1.0; Valid 25039.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:eG2Yiahvj2febwMH89/RSA==

dum_ref_citizenship

f6866343 Location:

Summary Statistics: Max. 1.0; Valid 25039.0; Min. 0.0; StDev 0.49900972872384963; Mean 0.4683893126722328;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:QbW7cnbq7VlT22UGI/o84w==

dum_ref_reduce

f6866343 Location:

Summary Statistics: Mean 0.7010663365150371; Max. 1.0; StDev 0.4577998454465252; Valid 25039.0; Min. 0.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:fficDdQxM70d4In0GmeU6A==

dum_ref_moredone

f6866343 Location:

Summary Statistics: Max. 1.0; Mean 0.605695115619632; StDev 0.48871063133224546; Valid 25039.0; Min. 0.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:4JQ/Atp4xn/z8h3ViMfw2w==

dum_ref_cultgiveup

f6866343 Location:

Summary Statistics: Mean 0.6650824713447012; Max. 1.0; Min. 0.0; StDev 0.47197105212436297; Valid 25039.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:1M4DR/ggjY1PIwDGMLzL/g==

dum_ref_economy

f6866343 Location:

Summary Statistics: Mean 0.5293741762849957; Min. 0.0; StDev 0.49914637946133034; Max. 1.0; Valid 25039.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:LxGFuvSrFt+LopqwUBhSYQ==

dum_ref_crime

f6866343 Location:

Summary Statistics: Valid 25039.0; Mean 0.6673988577818686; Max. 1.0; Min. 0.0; StDev 0.4711544205910714

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:YYa8IZV8FeLF65J/XNJC0g==

dum_ref_terror

f6866343 Location:

Summary Statistics: Max. 1.0; StDev 0.467562514674863; Mean 0.6771835935939936; Min. 0.0; Valid 25039.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:Wcz6Z2d1g55RA/aG6zDZ9Q==

xenophobia somtimes justified even if it turns violent

f6866343 Location:

Summary Statistics: Max. 4.0; Min. 1.0; Valid 25039.0; StDev 0.9072121006314211; Mean 1.6894444666320543;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:FsDho1FiEGhvnnf5EGvCAg==

when it comes to refugee problem violence only means to reach politicians

f6866343 Location:

Summary Statistics: Min. 1.0; Valid 24319.0; Mean 1.7300875858382316; StDev 0.9022067898194067; Max. 4.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:FRLpxYZtl4tYO+AFdNltzQ==

politicians should condemn attacks against refugees more forcefully

f6866343 Location:

Summary Statistics: Min. 1.0; Valid 25039.0; Mean 1.8657693997364104; StDev 0.9057301532424957; Max. 4.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:f+YD10KOYuqy06VqGfojuQ==

dum_hate_justified

f6866343 Location:

Summary Statistics: Mean 0.19661328327808844; Max. 1.0; StDev 0.39744535320916585; Min. 0.0; Valid 25039.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:jvqQbDjuSrDpD7SMLIVCCQ==

dum_hate_violence_means

f6866343 Location:

Summary Statistics: Max. 1.0; Valid 24319.0; Mean 0.19453924914675513; StDev 0.3958537270467993; Min. 0.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:n7IFc37cbeXMvi0CK7QpQg==

list experiment

f6866343 Location:

Summary Statistics: Max. 4.0; StDev 0.6706029156983673; Valid 4877.0; Mean 1.9239286446586015; Min. 0.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:8eYtssLxlRuLHrdsK6VJIw==

presented 4 (not 3) items on list

f6866343 Location:

Summary Statistics: StDev 0.5000507538247753; Valid 4877.0; Min. 0.0; Mean 0.5007176542956736; Max. 1.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:68g7uCEc9YNh+WvalIVasg==

first vote for CDU/CSU

f6866343 Location:

Summary Statistics: Valid 19716.0; Mean 0.2733313045242437; Min. 0.0; Max. 1.0; StDev 0.44568080183008807

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:7zblE4ji007ZssMpdAMV+g==

first vote for AfD in last election

f6866343 Location:

Summary Statistics: Min. 0.0; Max. 1.0; StDev 0.3115806682769694; Mean 0.10894704808278126; Valid 19716.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:/RdA+vAh/OwBY+UFGkXK1g==

second vote for CDU/CSU in last election

f6866343 Location:

Summary Statistics: Valid 19819.0; Min. 0.0; Mean 0.22498612442605087; StDev 0.41758372415111383; Max. 1.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:A/5KDasYLddotLZ6unVb3g==

second vote for AfD in last election

f6866343 Location:

Summary Statistics: Max. 1.0; Mean 0.1179171502093963; StDev 0.3225181301742036; Min. 0.0; Valid 19819.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:+PkvuiHBzh4163D+mP+1TQ==

trust in police

f6866343 Location:

Summary Statistics: Min. 1.0; Valid 25039.0; StDev 0.7502143633236851; Max. 4.0; Mean 3.169934901553578

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:UF73w1lKSd4Gxt6RFiV2pg==

respondent gets correct math answer

f6866343 Location:

Summary Statistics: Valid 25039.0; StDev 0.12033971492574162; Mean 0.9853029274332041; Max. 1.0; Min. 0.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:/rIB8dddVt+mpp3/xkdbeQ==

years of education

f6866343 Location:

Summary Statistics: Valid 21532.0; Mean 14.485370611183358; StDev 3.6274181266691587; Max. 30.0; Min. 1.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:38E5UXXrBzpq6ePrdYD/Ig==

education years in quintiles

f6866343 Location:

Summary Statistics: Min. 1.0; Max. 5.0; StDev 1.4584915976303559; Mean 2.831367267323052; Valid 21532.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:yCdpdIIPel6/q66tsgUEEQ==

violence defensible if it reduces settlement

f6866343 Location:

Summary Statistics: Mean 1.566052582855021; Max. 4.0; Min. 1.0; Valid 21604.0; StDev 0.8565256600243285;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:9KLVgJEgrWGmss8J95XvSg==

attacks on homes to send message to politicians

f6866343 Location:

Summary Statistics: StDev 0.8946711434431651; Mean 1.6007220885021245; Min. 1.0; Valid 21604.0; Max. 4.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:VffQC5iyPx9CmwyBrCglPw==

violence defensible if it reduces settlement

f6866343 Location:

Summary Statistics: Mean 0.1514997222736512; Max. 1.0; StDev 0.3585435913161947; Valid 21604.0; Min. 0.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:VUfsYU8vQMwbz5/Jba+I0w==

attacks on homes to send message to politicians

f6866343 Location:

Summary Statistics: StDev 0.3766274978242061; Min. 0.0; Valid 21604.0; Mean 0.17112571745972927; Max. 1.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:/+ezPINVP51uqmeFeDLx1Q==

choice.lnk

f6866343 Location:

Summary Statistics: Min. 0.0; StDev 0.43410220200806066; Valid 15095.0; Max. 1.0; Mean 0.2518714806227216;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:OtOprimHeFR7ppVSC2BpVg==

choice.cdu

f6866343 Location:

Summary Statistics: Min. 0.0; StDev 0.4202136296801132; Mean 0.22901623053991477; Max. 1.0; Valid 15095.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:o7Ebct4JH9zpwtEiEUaD1A==

choice.afd

f6866343 Location:

Summary Statistics: StDev 0.36580522971407603; Max. 1.0; Min. 0.0; Valid 15095.0; Mean 0.15912553825770048

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:7V0SM1KT1fxv6llZJW91CA==

first_row_wave_4

f6866343 Location:

Summary Statistics: Min. 0.0; Valid 25039.0; Max. 1.0; StDev 0.32859054732931964; Mean 0.12312792044411143;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:pbTsi9sA2YxLMpxi1ZMLQA==

mean4_hate

f6866343 Location:

Summary Statistics: Mean 1.6390897337674701; Max. 4.0; Min. 1.0; StDev 0.7974534060792753; Valid 20884.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:C249QoIzd6RGMGgu2D5mLg==

mean8_ref

f6866343 Location:

Summary Statistics: Min. 1.0; Mean 2.7859019163117944; Valid 21604.0; StDev 0.7137613781037047; Max. 4.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:e1xJirY4MzThCj/rrWD5Ig==

afd.v1

f6866343 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency	Text
2.	Previously served one term in Bundestag	7513
1.	In Bundestag for the first time	7582

Summary Statistics: Max. 2.0; Mean 1.4977144749917202; Min. 1.0; StDev 0.5000113387734644; Valid 15095.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:Y9+aXfHT9CLBmy/KmRHvaw==

lnk.v1

f6866343 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency
2.	Previously served for several terms in Bundestag	5196
3.	Previously served one term in Bundestag	4886
1.	In Bundestag for the first time	5013

Summary Statistics: StDev 0.8097855989976863; Min. 1.0; Mean 1.9915866180854591; Max. 3.0; Valid 15095.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:Cq0YhHlEvjifo3+i3FZUzg==

cdu.v1

f6866343 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency
2.	Previously served for several terms in Bundestag	5022
3.	Previously served one term in Bundestag	5061
1.	In Bundestag for the first time	5012

Summary Statistics: Mean 2.0032461079827764; Min. 1.0; Max. 3.0; Valid 15095.0; StDev 0.8169092529089292;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:TyCAK0dq1Lnk8PmK2zrNAg==

afd.v2

f6866343 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency
2.	To continue to serve his party	4995
1.	Because politics too often ignores ordinary citizens.	5050
3.	To participate in policymaking.	5050

Summary Statistics: Valid 15095.0; Mean 2.0; Min. 1.0; Max. 3.0; StDev 0.8180098139088872;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:LQ3IB7CzsAnFL20FYsoo7w==

lnk.v2

f6866343 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency
1.	Because politics too often ignores ordinary citizens.	5017
3.	To participate in policymaking.	4995
2.	To continue to serve his party	5083

Summary Statistics: Valid 15095.0; StDev 0.814437106357634; Mean 1.9985425637628336; Max. 3.0; Min. 1.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:e3vE9oNQasRXcU9JZp7FBQ==

cdu.v2

f6866343 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency
2.	To continue to serve his party	4984
1.	Because politics too often ignores ordinary citizens.	5015
3.	To participate in policymaking.	5096

Summary Statistics: Max. 3.0; Mean 2.0053660152368344; Valid 15095.0; Min. 1.0; StDev 0.8184375516930821;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:nTx1s4iZv/HBZJ+Tk2aJvQ==

afd.v3

f6866343 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency	Text
1.	This candidate is expected to win the support of few voters, and will probably not enter the Bundestag.	9855
2.	This candidate is expected to win the support of many voters, and could possibly enter the Bundestag.	5240

Summary Statistics: Max. 2.0; Valid 15095.0; Min. 1.0; StDev 0.4760748357995644; Mean 1.347134812851938;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:e6nB+Oobi7d5H+vijtvCnw==

lnk.v3

f6866343 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency	Text
2.	This candidate is expected to win the support of many voters, and could possibly enter the Bundestag.	5170
1.	This candidate is expected to win the support of few voters, and will probably not enter the Bundestag.	9925

Summary Statistics: Mean 1.3424975157336883; Valid 15095.0; Min. 1.0; Max. 2.0; StDev 0.4745607303809919

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:rfgt1HZZCmpYXpUgqxJQFw==

cdu.v3

f6866343 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency	Text
2.	This candidate is expected to win the support of many voters, and could possibly enter the Bundestag.	6113
1.	This candidate is expected to win the support of few voters, and will probably not enter the Bundestag.	8982

Summary Statistics: Min. 1.0; Max. 2.0; Mean 1.4049685326266979; StDev 0.4909022150751066; Valid 15095.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:H0hYg6qChIpZLjFYg4VZhQ==

afd.v4

f6866343 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency	Text
2.	There should be an annual upper limit of 200,000.	7627
1.	There must be a complete stop to the arrival of refugees.	7468

Summary Statistics: Max. 2.0; Mean 1.5052666445843006; Min. 1.0; StDev 0.49998882336494727; Valid 15095.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:iQN43hExx+P5tFG1NuuTdA==

lnk.v4

f6866343 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency
4.	There should notbe an upper limit to the number of refugees.	3730
2.	There should be an annual upper limit of 200,000.	3815
1.	There must be a complete stop to the arrival of refugees.	3794
3.	There should be an annual upper limit of 500,000.	3756

Summary Statistics: Max. 4.0; Mean 2.4916859887379896; StDev 1.1166467064115069; Valid 15095.0; Min. 1.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:mpGMmH8ydFFJpsx6UEjf4A==

cdu.v4

f6866343 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency
4.	There should notbe an upper limit to the number of refugees.	3782
2.	There should be an annual upper limit of 200,000.	3855
3.	There should be an annual upper limit of 500,000.	3772
1.	There must be a complete stop to the arrival of refugees.	3686

Summary Statistics: Mean 2.506790327923153; Min. 1.0; StDev 1.1133295629509365; Valid 15095.0; Max. 4.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:TZUdsOgV0nXBgdBs7f3/CA==

afd.v5

f6866343 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency	Text
2.	The German border police should not be allowed to use gun violence against refugees who come to Germany illegally.	7518
1.	The German border police should be allowed to use gun violence against refugees who come to Germany illegally.	7577

Summary Statistics: Min. 1.0; StDev 0.50001274320978; Mean 1.4980457105001663; Max. 2.0; Valid 15095.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:iorzYD7klTLP/1d8c5wO1Q==

lnk.v5

f6866343 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency	Text
1.	The German border police should be allowed to use gun violence against refugees who come to Germany illegally.	7450
2.	The German border police should not be allowed to use gun violence against refugees who come to Germany illegally.	7645

Summary Statistics: StDev 0.49997483960081024; Min. 1.0; Max. 2.0; Valid 15095.0; Mean 1.5064590924147063

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:xb1+arYLE5eYWmbfOCIKFg==

cdu.v5

f6866343 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency	Text
2.	The German border police should not be allowed to use gun violence against refugees who come to Germany illegally.	7601
1.	The German border police should be allowed to use gun violence against refugees who come to Germany illegally.	7494

Summary Statistics: Max. 2.0; StDev 0.5000040005294555; Min. 1.0; Valid 15095.0; Mean 1.5035442199403781

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:4yLNtWM4dRpSmXf2SJ2IGg==

afd.v6

f6866343 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency	Text
2.	Has paid much attention to the question of how to sustainably secure pensions and the pension level.	7612
1.	Has not paid much attention to the question of how to sustainably secure pensions and the pension level.	7483

Summary Statistics: Max. 2.0; Valid 15095.0; Mean 1.5042729380589595; Min. 1.0; StDev 0.4999983036605351;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:PRbFRQQO8WubTLJot2hW+g==

lnk.v6

f6866343 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency	Text
2.	Has paid much attention to the question of how to sustainably secure pensions and the pension level.	7565
1.	Has not paid much attention to the question of how to sustainably secure pensions and the pension level.	7530

Summary Statistics: Mean 1.5011593242795627; Valid 15095.0; Max. 2.0; StDev 0.5000152185192758; Min. 1.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:M/4jAMTfUDUWhxbcq2zpPQ==

cdu.v6

f6866343 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency	Text
2.	Has paid much attention to the question of how to sustainably secure pensions and the pension level.	7557
1.	Has not paid much attention to the question of how to sustainably secure pensions and the pension level.	7538

Summary Statistics: Min. 1.0; Valid 15095.0; Mean 1.5006293474660486; StDev 0.5000161665068886; Max. 2.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:+MtHHQ+8bsnvdp3VZsOWIA==

afd.v7

f6866343 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency
3.	The top tax rate for the rich should stay the same.	4976
1.	The top tax rate for the rich must increase.	5142
2.	The top tax rate for the rich should be decreased.	4977

Summary Statistics: Valid 15095.0; Mean 1.9890029811195762; Min. 1.0; StDev 0.8186645467142324; Max. 3.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:CRyiRIeQtmRQXvZEhaj3gQ==

cdu.v7

f6866343 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency	Text
1.	The top tax rate for the rich should be decreased.	7628
2.	The top tax rate for the rich should stay the same.	7467

Summary Statistics: Max. 2.0; StDev 0.4999881211136631; Mean 1.4946671083140108; Min. 1.0; Valid 15095.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:UQ0hd8uDJDGANPVdTTuINA==

lnk_first

f6866343 Location:

Summary Statistics: StDev 0.33563661909131437; Min. 0.0; Max. 1.0; Mean 0.12938729965510115; Valid 19716.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:VThSImxHulxwXOc4ss4Neg==

lnk_second

f6866343 Location:

Summary Statistics: StDev 0.3459636273547202; Max. 1.0; Valid 19819.0; Min. 0.0; Mean 0.1390080226045716

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:0byEJO7AOvnx+1c/fYcYLA==

weight

f6866343 Location:

Summary Statistics: StDev 0.6405862380347637; Min. 0.3042970299720764; Max. 3.022736072540283; Valid 25039.0; Mean 0.9952668787593786

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:f2ml8foZNmLVgsdLc2HC6g==

pseudonym

f6866357 Location:

Summary Statistics: Max. 4.97999341E8; Mean 4.5036650457438135E8; Min. 4.01014746E8; Valid 3435.0; StDev 2.8705204227857944E7

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:NbisCaX86ZCe1cE6f5CKPw==

respondent gets correct math answer

f6866357 Location:

Summary Statistics: Min. 0.0; Max. 1.0; Valid 3435.0; Mean 0.9953420669577875; StDev 0.06809982966231114;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:s3wwUVGWdoF8W+OPL5+QVg==

pseudonym

f6866324 Location:

Summary Statistics: Min. 4.01014746E8; Valid 2907.0; Max. 4.97999341E8; StDev 2.865047320489478E7; Mean 4.50305754879945E8

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:3LUvpzzKbM+ngDstLLfE7g==

respondent gets correct math answer

f6866324 Location:

Summary Statistics: Max. 1.0; Mean 0.9917440660474717; Min. 0.0; StDev 0.09050188422281738; Valid 2907.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:Y//KYc8AkAhPnP8bQ7QKlA==

pseudonym

f6866347 Location:

Summary Statistics: Min. 4.01011742E8; Valid 3538.0; Mean 4.4980580868993783E8; Max. 4.97999341E8; StDev 2.8718541811007027E7

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:hKijtzn7Qlu0DZ9yhyNNbQ==

respondent gets correct math answer

f6866347 Location:

Summary Statistics: Max. 1.0; Min. 0.0; Mean 0.9253815715093276; StDev 0.2628117976058806; Valid 3538.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:hfo9xrnE5e1VdcLi4TGhPw==

pseudonym

f6866345 Location:

Summary Statistics: Max. 4.97999341E8; StDev 2.8682600230675038E7; Mean 4.497352435523841E8; Min. 4.01017446E8; Valid 3083.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:ZmVR6UvoQUH8vzYc5QqVZA==

respondent gets correct math answer

f6866345 Location:

Summary Statistics: StDev 0.14259965143641185; Valid 3083.0; Mean 0.9792409990269216; Max. 1.0; Min. 0.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:nQdgHfXuUcQ74842VtD+AA==

variable

f6866320 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency
3.	prevent	4
1.	justified	4
4.	means	4
2.	message	4

Summary Statistics: Mean 2.5; Min. 1.0; Valid 16.0; StDev 1.1547005383792515; Max. 4.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:k4gWtrMaFVDZ47vG6RWcXg==

variable

f6866320 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency
4.	means	4
1.	justified	4
3.	prevent	4
2.	message	4

Summary Statistics: Max. 4.0; Mean 2.5; StDev 1.1547005383792515; Valid 16.0; Min. 1.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:k4gWtrMaFVDZ47vG6RWcXg==

f6866320 Location:

Summary Statistics: StDev 1.1547005383792515; Max. 4.0; Valid 16.0; Mean 2.5; Min. 1.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:sRGZb3I8huk25wE4Zkj/Kw==

correlation

f6866320 Location:

Summary Statistics: Min. -0.27737462520599365; Max. 0.9234336614608765; StDev 0.45947522413730835; Mean 0.22820466646226123; Valid 16.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:Z7GrLIVfsyjxRbEPwrohvg==

coefficient

f6866320 Location:

Summary Statistics: Max. 0.8818520903587341; StDev 0.4986907345325813; Mean 0.12981074047274888; Valid 16.0; Min. -0.6771084070205688;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:HQ/8obl0idSw/m5NtdexVg==

eigenvalue

f6866320 Location:

Summary Statistics: Max. 3.25392484664917; Valid 16.0; Min. 0.16780969500541687; Mean 1.000000026077032; StDev 1.34599343912939

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:lAEwjBx25fGs26Q/RDx7Kw==

mean

f6866320 Location:

Summary Statistics: StDev 0.06997409641321094; Max. 1.7105990648269653; Min. 1.5354838371276855; Valid 16.0; Mean 1.6281105875968933

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:6KbZunLyrVXeaFm9dLUnNA==

standard deviation

f6866320 Location:

Summary Statistics: Max. 0.9157019853591919; StDev 0.031128965276536958; Valid 16.0; Min. 0.8348582983016968; Mean 0.8845150470733643;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:51gb3jn9v7NADaWIwVPWLw==

variable

f6866338 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency
4.	means	4
1.	justified	4
3.	prevent	4
2.	message	4

Summary Statistics: StDev 1.1547005383792515; Valid 16.0; Max. 4.0; Mean 2.5; Min. 1.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:k4gWtrMaFVDZ47vG6RWcXg==

variable

f6866338 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency
2.	message	4
1.	justified	4
4.	means	4
3.	prevent	4

Summary Statistics: Mean 2.5; Valid 16.0; Min. 1.0; Max. 4.0; StDev 1.1547005383792515;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:k4gWtrMaFVDZ47vG6RWcXg==

f6866338 Location:

Summary Statistics: Min. 1.0; StDev 1.1547005383792515; Valid 16.0; Max. 4.0; Mean 2.5;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:sRGZb3I8huk25wE4Zkj/Kw==

correlation

f6866338 Location:

Summary Statistics: Valid 16.0; StDev 0.45945656411591346; Max. 0.9260225296020508; Min. -0.3143528401851654; Mean 0.2282398859388195

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:4lTRB8rMgeerh3PbA3kKqQ==

coefficient

f6866338 Location:

Summary Statistics: Min. -0.7729235291481018; Mean 0.13060418999521062; Valid 16.0; Max. 0.8854658603668213; StDev 0.4984697058824807

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:XF/aO87wdak24ifUBcfHKQ==

eigenvalue

f6866338 Location:

Summary Statistics: Mean 1.0000000149011612; Valid 16.0; Min. 0.16540999710559845; Max. 3.2394356727600098; StDev 1.3380914477690053

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:rjoX8H9X3TPnt2LRgdbPGw==

mean

f6866338 Location:

Summary Statistics: StDev 0.053477060680685924; Min. 1.5171045064926147; Valid 16.0; Max. 1.6524128913879395; Mean 1.591936469078064

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:mJ3ztm5O1rf7FxUuYjQLlw==

standard deviation

f6866338 Location:

Summary Statistics: StDev 0.02001805282130744; Max. 0.8765982389450073; Min. 0.8234906792640686; Valid 16.0; Mean 0.8546738475561142

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:FDmi5dxcdA/aEDN6YZ/CWA==

variable

f6866339 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency
1.	justified	4
4.	means	4
2.	message	4
3.	prevent	4

Summary Statistics: StDev 1.1547005383792515; Mean 2.5; Min. 1.0; Max. 4.0; Valid 16.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:k4gWtrMaFVDZ47vG6RWcXg==

variable

f6866339 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency
3.	prevent	4
1.	justified	4
2.	message	4
4.	means	4

Summary Statistics: StDev 1.1547005383792515; Valid 16.0; Mean 2.5; Min. 1.0; Max. 4.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:k4gWtrMaFVDZ47vG6RWcXg==

f6866339 Location:

Summary Statistics: Max. 4.0; Mean 2.5; StDev 1.1547005383792515; Valid 16.0; Min. 1.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:sRGZb3I8huk25wE4Zkj/Kw==

correlation

f6866339 Location:

Summary Statistics: StDev 0.4593755927482896; Mean 0.22839261157787405; Min. -0.29771116375923157; Max. 0.9272187948226929; Valid 16.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:T6j/xEjhnunhyfnIZzp3eA==

coefficient

f6866339 Location:

Summary Statistics: StDev 0.4986362058448388; Min. -0.7459160685539246; Mean 0.13000699103577062; Max. 0.8792245984077454; Valid 16.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:LVq1ZnoSp1N8uTaPTHdYbw==

eigenvalue

f6866339 Location:

Summary Statistics: StDev 1.3484910744804302; Valid 16.0; Min. 0.15929800271987915; Max. 3.2581303119659424; Mean 1.0000000149011612

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:5mzOMrMcaQFrbgD8wfeGlg==

mean

f6866339 Location:

Summary Statistics: Max. 1.7247432470321655; StDev 0.0611564653534633; Valid 16.0; Mean 1.6446670889854431; Min. 1.5763497352600098;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:RBphIJiGHTERRYlP6NyaBA==

standard deviation

f6866339 Location:

Summary Statistics: Max. 0.9007163643836975; StDev 0.015147489171710542; Min. 0.861739456653595; Mean 0.886039987206459; Valid 16.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:8AtErU9sY090KOn4EYaS1Q==

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