Perceptions of Electoral Integrity (doi:10.7910/DVN/24075)

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Perceptions of Electoral Integrity

doi:10.7910/DVN/24075

Harvard Dataverse

2013-12-21

1

Pippa Norris; Richard W. Frank; Ferran Martinez i Coma, 2013, "Perceptions of Electoral Integrity", https://doi.org/10.7910/DVN/24075, Harvard Dataverse, V1, UNF:5:4NqjdFKvtvfAc3A3bktPVw== [fileUNF]

Perceptions of Electoral Integrity

doi:10.7910/DVN/24075

Pippa Norris (Harvard University)

Richard W. Frank (University of Sydney)

Ferran Martinez i Coma (University of Sydney)

Electoral Integrity Project

2013-05-21

Harvard Dataverse

Harvard Dataverse Network

Dr Richard W. Frank

2013-12-21

2013-05-21

https://doi.org/10.7910/DVN/24075

Elections

The expert survey of Perceptions of Electoral Integrity (PEI) focuses upon independent nation-states around the world which have held national presidential or parliamentary elections during the prior six months. The twenty elections analyzed in this pilot study cover the period from 1 July to 31st December 2012. For each country, the project identified around forty election experts, defined as a political scientist (or other social scientist in a related discipline) who had demonstrated knowledge of the electoral process in a particular country (such as through publications, membership of a relevant research group or network, or university employment). The response rate was around 30%. The idea of electoral integrity is defined by the project to refer to agreed international conventions and global norms, applying universally to all countries worldwide through the election cycle, including during the pre-election period, the campaign, on polling day, and its aftermath. To measure this concept, the PEI pilot survey questionnaire includes fifty items on electoral integrity ranging over the whole electoral cycle. These items fell into eleven sequential sub-dimensions.

2013-07-01-2013-12-31

Global

Nation-state

<a href="http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0">CC0 1.0</a>

Pippa Norris, Richard W. Frank and Ferran Martinez i Coma. The expert survey of Perceptions of Electoral Integrity, Pilot study 2013. www.electoralintegrityproject.com

Pippa Norris, Richard W. Frank and Ferran Martinez i Coma. The expert survey of Perceptions of Electoral Integrity, Pilot study 2013. www.electoralintegrityproject.com

• Number of cases: 223

• No. of variables per record: 200

• Type of File: text/tab-separated-values

UNF:5:bEKZeUuijOnVa3kZOn73KA==

Perceptions of Electoral Integrity

• Number of cases: 223

• No. of variables per record: 200

• Type of File: text/tab-separated-values

UNF:5:bEKZeUuijOnVa3kZOn73KA==

Perceptions of Electoral Integrity pilot study stata

• expert - Expert Reference number
• country - Country name
• ccode - COW country code
• Refno - Norris country identifier
• year - Election year
• month - Election month
• day - Election day
• PEIIndex - PEI index of electoral integrity (standarized to 100-pts)
• presidential - Presidential election (0/1)
• lower - Legislative election (Lower house) (0/1)
• upper - Legislative election (Upper house) (0/1)
• development - World Bank income level (Low, lower-middle, upper-middle, high)
• FHPR - Freedom House's Political Rights Index
• FHCL - Freedom House's Civil Liberties Index
• region - Geographic region (UN classification)
• LAWS - ELECTORAL LAWS SECTION
• lawsunfair - 1-1a. Electoral laws were unfair to smaller parties (1-5)[N]
• lawsunfair2 - 1-1b. Electoral laws were unfair to smaller parties (Reversed coding)
• favoredincumbent - 1-2a. Electoral laws favored the governing party or parties (1-5)[N]
• favoredincumbent2 - 1-2b. Electoral laws favored the governing party or parties (Reversed coding)
• citizens - 1-3a. Elections laws restricted citizens' rights (1-5)[N]
• citizens2 - 1-3b. Elections laws restricted citizens' rights (Reversed coding)
• laws_A - 1-4. Electoral laws index (20-100)
• PROCEDURES - ELECTORAL PROCEDURES SECTION
• managed - 2-1. Elections were well managed (1-5)[P]
• votinginfo - 2-2. Information about voting procedures was widely available (1-5)[P]
• fairofficials - 2-3. Election officials were fair (1-5)[P]
• legalelections - 2-4. Elections were conducted in accordance with the law (1-5)[P]
• procedures_A - 2-5. Electoral procedures index (25-100)
• BOUNDARIES - BOUNDARIES FOR VOTING DISTRICTS SECTION
• bdiscrim - 3-1a. Boundaries discriminated against some parties (1-5)[N]
• bdiscrim2 - 3-1b. Boundaries discriminated against some parties (Reversed coding)
• bfavored - 3-2a. Boundaries favored incumbents (1-5)[N]
• bfavored2 - 3-2b. Boundaries favored incumbents (Reversed coding)
• bimpartial - 3-3. Boundaries were impartial (1-5)[P]
• boundaries_A - 3-4. Voting district boundaries index (20-100)
• VOTERREGISTRATION - VOTER REGISTRATION SECTION
• reglisted - 4-1a. Some citizens were not listed in the register (1-5)[N]
• reglisted2 - 4-1b. Some citizens were not listed in the register (Reversed coding)
• reginaccurate - 4-2a. The electoral register was inaccurate (1-5)[N]
• reginaccurate2 - 4-2b. The electoral register was inaccurate (Reversed coding)
• ineligible - 4-3a. Some ineligible electors were registered (1-5)[N]
• ineligible2 - 4-3b. Some ineligible electors were registered (Reversed coding)
• votereg - 4-4. Voter registration index (20-100)
• PARTYREGISTRATION - PARTY AND CANDIDATE REGISTRATION SECTION
• oppprevent - 5-1a. Some opposition candidates were prevented from running (1-5)[N]
• oppprevent2 - 5-1b. Some opposition candidates were prevented from running (Reversed coding)
• womenopp - 5-2. Women had equal opportunities to run for office (1-5)[P]
• minorityopp - 5-3. Ethnic and national minorities had equal opportunities to run for office (1
• leaderselect - 5-4a. Only top party leaders selected candidates (1-5)[N]
• leaderselect2 - 5-4b. Only top party leaders selected candidates (Reversed coding)
• rallies - 5-5a. Some parties/candidates were restricted from holding campaign rallies (1-5
• rallies2 - 5-5b. Some parties/candidates were restricted from holding campaign rallies (Rev
• partyreg - 5-6. Party and candidate registration index (20-100)
• MEDIACOVERAGE - MEDIA COVERAGE SECTION
• newspapers - 6-1. Newspapers provided balanced election news (1-5)[P]
• tv - 6-2a. TV news favored the governing party (1-5)[N]
• tv2 - 6-2b. TV news favored the governing party (Reversed coding)
• fairaccess - 6-3. Parties/candidates had fair access to political broadcasts and advertising
• faircoverage - 6-4. Journalists provided fair coverage of the elections (1-5)[P]
• socialmedia - 6-5. Social media were used to expose electoral fraud (1-5)[P]
• media - 6-6. Media coverage index (20-100)
• CAMPAIGNFINANCE - CAMPAIGN FINANCE SECTION
• subsidies - 7-1. Parties/candidates had equitable access to public political subsidies(1-5)[
• donations - 7-2. Parties/candidates had equitable access to political donations(1-5)[P]
• accounts - 7-3. Parties/candidates publish transparent financial accounts(1-5)[P]
• rich - 7-4a. Rich people buy elections (1-5)[N]
• rich2 - 7-4b. Rich people buy elections (Reversed coding)
• resources - 7-5a. Some state resources were improperly used for campaigning (1-5)[N]
• resources2 - 7-5b. Some state resources were improperly used for campaigning (Reversed coding
• finance - 7-6. Campaign finance index (20-100)
• VOTINGPROCESS - VOTING PROCESS SECTION
• violence - 8-1a. Some voters were threatened with violence at the polls(1-5)[N]
• violence2 - 8-1b. Some voters were threatened with violence at the polls (Reversed coding)
• fraudulent - 8-2a. Some fraudulent votes were cast (1-5)[N]
• fraudulent2 - 8-2b. Some fraudulent votes were cast (Reversed coding)
• easy - 8-3. The process of voting was easy (1-1)[Y]
• choice - 8-4. Voters were offered a genuine choice at the ballot box (1-5)[P]
• postal - 8-5. Postal ballots were available (1-5)[P]
• disabled - 8-6. Special voting facilities were available for the disabled (1-5)[P]
• expats - 8-7. National citizens living abroad could vote (1-5)[P]
• internet - 8-8. Some form of internet voting was available (1-5)[P]
• voting - 8-9. Voting process index (20-100)
• VOTECOUNT - THE VOTE COUNT SECTION
• secure - 9-1. Ballot boxes were secure (1-5)[P]
• delay - 9-2. The results were announced without undue delay (1-5)[P]
• faircount - 9-3. Votes were counted fairly (1-5)[P]
• intlmonitors - 9-4a. Int'l election monitors were restricted (1-5)[N]
• intlmonitors2 - 9-4b. Int'l election monitors were restricted (Reversed coding)
• domesticmonitors - 9-5a. Domestic election monitors were restricted (1-5)[N]
• domesticmonitors2 - 9-5b. Domestic election monitors were restricted (Reversed coding)
• count - 9-6. Vote count index (20-100)
• VOTINGRESULTS - VOTING RESULTS SECTION
• challenged - 10-1a. Parties/candidates challenged the results (1-5)[N]
• challenged2 - 10-1b. Parties/candidates challenged the results (Reversed coding)
• protestspeace - 10-2a. The election led to peaceful protests (1-5)[N]
• protestspeace2 - 10-2b. The election led to peaceful protests (Reversed coding)
• protestsviolent - 10-3a. The election triggered violent protests (1-5)[N]
• protestsviolent2 - 10-3b. The election triggered violent protests (Reversed coding)
• disputes - 10-4. Any disputes were resolved through legal channels (1-5)[P]
• results - 10-5. Results index (25-100)
• ELECTIONAUTHORITIES - ELECTORAL AUTHORITIES SECTION
• impartial - 11-1. The election authorities were impartial (1-5)[P]
• info - 11-2. The authorities distributed information to citizens (1-5)[P]
• scrutiny - 11-3. The authorities allowed public scrutiny of their performance (1-5)[P]
• performance - 11-4. The election authorities performed well (1-5)[P]
• EMBs - 11-5. Electoral authorities index (25-100)
• VIGNETTES - VIGNETTES SECTION
• countryA - 12-1. In COUNTRY A, the opposition decides to boycott parliamentary contests, so
• countryB - 12-2. In COUNTRY B, the Electoral Authority is very effective in registering vot
• countryC - 12-3. In COUNTRY C, all parties that received over a certain percentage of the v
• countryD - 12-4. In COUNTRY D, the governing party had a great advantage in the TV and radi
• countryE - 12-5. In COUNTRY E, many parties and candidates ran for office, and the overall
• countryF - 12-6. In COUNTRY F, many parties ran for office, the election was free and fair,
• GENERALQUESTIONS - GENERAL ELECTION QUESTIONS
• familiarity - 13-1. How familiar are you with elections in this country?
• important - 13-2. Which election (if more than 1) was most important
• ORGCONFIDENCE - ORGANIZATIONAL CONFIDENCE SECTION
• courts - 14-1. Confidence in the courts (1=none - 10=a great deal)
• government - 14-2. Confidence in the government (1=none - 10=a great deal)
• parliament - 14-3. Confidence in the parliament (1=none - 10=a great deal)
• armedforces - 14-4. Confidence in the armed forces (1=none - 10=a great deal)
• police - 14-5. Confidence in the police (1=none - 10=a great deal)
• electoralauth - 14-6. Confidence in the elect.authorities (1=none - 10=a great deal)
• television - 14-7. Confidence in television (1=none - 10=a great deal)
• press - 14-8. Confidence in the press (1=none - 10=a great deal)
• parties - 14-9. Confidence in political parties (1=none - 10=a great deal)
• BACKGROUND - EXPERT BACKGROUND SECTION
• employment - 15-1. Employment type
• public - 15-2. Works (or has worked) in the government public sector
• university - 15-3. Works (or has worked) in a university
• nonprofit - 15-4. Works (or has worked) in private non-profit sector/NGOs
• agency - 15-5. Works (or has worked) in an international agency
• private - 15-6. Works (or has worked) in an private business or industry
• occupation - 15-7. Most recent occupation
• age - 15-8. Expert's age
• sex - 15-9. Sex (1=female; 0=male)
• education - 15-10. Highest level of education
• born - 15-11. Were you born in this country?
• lived - 15-12. # years lived in this country
• candidate - 15-13. Expert was a candidate for elected office
• rep - 15-14. Expert was an elected representative
• activist - 15-15. Expert was an election activist
• ngo - 15-16. Expert was election NGO watch personnel
• voted - 15-17. Expert voted in this election
• norole - 15-18. Expert did not participate in any role in this election
• monitor - 15-19. Expert was a national official electoral monitor
• official - 15-20. Expert was an election official
• citizen - 15-21. Expert is a citizen of this country (0/1)
• supported - 15-22. Support the winning or losing side
• leftrightscale - 15-23. Political views on 10pt left/right scale
• managedm
• votinginfom
• fairofficialsm
• legalelectionsm
• bimpartialm
• womenoppm
• minorityoppm
• newspapersm
• fairaccessm
• faircoveragem
• subsidiesm
• donationsm
• accountsm
• easym
• choicem
• postalm
• disabledm
• expatsm
• internetm
• securem
• delaym
• faircountm
• disputesm
• impartialm
• infom
• scrutinym
• performancem
• socialmediam
• lawsunfair2m
• favoredincumbent2m
• citizens2m
• bdiscrim2m
• bfavored2m
• reglisted2m
• reginaccurate2m
• ineligible2m
• oppprevent2m
• leaderselect2m
• rallies2m
• tv2m
• rich2m
• resources2m
• violence2m
• fraudulent2m
• challenged2m
• protestspeace2m
• protestsviolent2m
• intlmonitors2m
• domesticmonitors2m
• expert - Expert Reference number
• country - Country name
• ccode - COW country code
• Refno - Norris country identifier
• year - Election year
• month - Election month
• day - Election day
• PEIIndex - PEI index of electoral integrity
• presidential - Presidential election (0/1)
• lower - Legislative election (Lower house) (0/1)
• upper - Legislative election (Upper house) (0/1)
• development - World Bank income level (Low, lower-middle, upper-middle, high)
• FHPR - Freedom House's Political Rights Index
• FHCL - Freedom House's Civil Liberties Index
• region - Geographic region (UN classification)
• LAWS - ELECTORAL LAWS SECTION
• lawsunfair - 1-1a. Electoral laws were unfair to smaller parties (1-5)[N]
• lawsunfair2 - 1-1b. Electoral laws were unfair to smaller parties (Reversed coding)
• favoredincumbent - 1-2a. Electoral laws favored the governing party or parties (1-5)[N]
• favoredincumbent2 - 1-2b. Electoral laws favored the governing party or parties (Reversed coding)
• citizens - 1-3a. Elections laws restricted citizens' rights (1-5)[N]
• citizens2 - 1-3b. Elections laws restricted citizens' rights (Reversed coding)
• laws - 1-4. Electoral laws index (20-100)
• PROCEDURES - ELECTORAL PROCEDURES SECTION
• managed - 2-1. Elections were well managed (1-5)[P]
• votinginfo - 2-2. Information about voting procedures was widely available (1-5)[P]
• fairofficials - 2-3. Election officials were fair (1-5)[P]
• legalelections - 2-4. Elections were conducted in accordance with the law (1-5)[P]
• procedures - 2-5. Electoral procedures index (25-100)
• BOUNDARIES - BOUNDARIES FOR VOTING DISTRICTS SECTION
• bdiscrim - 3-1a. Boundaries discriminated against some parties (1-5)[N]
• bdiscrim2 - 3-1b. Boundaries discriminated against some parties (Reversed coding)
• bfavored - 3-2a. Boundaries favored incumbents (1-5)[N]
• bfavored2 - 3-2b. Boundaries favored incumbents (Reversed coding)
• bimpartial - 3-3. Boundaries were impartial (1-5)[P]
• boundaries - 3-4. Voting district boundaries index (20-100)
• VOTERREGISTRATION - VOTER REGISTRATION SECTION
• reglisted - 4-1a. Some citizens were not listed in the register (1-5)[N]
• reglisted2 - 4-1b. Some citizens were not listed in the register (Reversed coding)
• reginaccurate - 4-2a. The electoral register was inaccurate (1-5)[N]
• reginaccurate2 - 4-2b. The electoral register was inaccurate (Reversed coding)
• ineligible - 4-3a. Some ineligible electors were registered (1-5)[N]
• ineligible2 - 4-3b. Some ineligible electors were registered (Reversed coding)
• votereg - 4-4. Voter registration index (20-100)
• PARTYREGISTRATION - PARTY AND CANDIDATE REGISTRATION SECTION
• oppprevent - 5-1a. Some opposition candidates were prevented from running (1-5)[N]
• oppprevent2 - 5-1b. Some opposition candidates were prevented from running (Reversed coding)
• womenopp - 5-2. Women had equal opportunities to run for office (1-5)[P]
• minorityopp - 5-3. Ethnic and national minorities had equal opportunities to run for office (1
• leaderselect - 5-4a. Only top party leaders selected candidates (1-5)[N]
• leaderselect2 - 5-4b. Only top party leaders selected candidates (Reversed coding)
• rallies - 5-5a. Some parties/candidates were restricted from holding campaign rallies (1-5
• rallies2 - 5-5b. Some parties/candidates were restricted from holding campaign rallies (Rev
• partyreg - 5-6. Party and candidate registration index (20-100)
• MEDIACOVERAGE - MEDIA COVERAGE SECTION
• newspapers - 6-1. Newspapers provided balanced election news (1-5)[P]
• tv - 6-2a. TV news favored the governing party (1-5)[N]
• tv2 - 6-2b. TV news favored the governing party (Reversed coding)
• fairaccess - 6-3. Parties/candidates had fair access to political broadcasts and advertising
• faircoverage - 6-4. Journalists provided fair coverage of the elections (1-5)[P]
• socialmedia - 6-5. Social media were used to expose electoral fraud (1-5)[P]
• media - 6-6. Media coverage index (20-100)
• CAMPAIGNFINANCE - CAMPAIGN FINANCE SECTION
• subsidies - 7-1. Parties/candidates had equitable access to public political subsidies(1-5)[
• donations - 7-2. Parties/candidates had equitable access to political donations(1-5)[P]
• accounts - 7-3. Parties/candidates publish transparent financial accounts(1-5)[P]
• rich - 7-4a. Rich people buy elections (1-5)[N]
• rich2 - 7-4b. Rich people buy elections (Reversed coding)
• resources - 7-5a. Some state resources were improperly used for campaigning (1-5)[N]
• resources2 - 7-5b. Some state resources were improperly used for campaigning (Reversed coding
• finance - 7-6. Campaign finance index (20-100)
• VOTINGPROCESS - VOTING PROCESS SECTION
• violence - 8-1a. Some voters were threatened with violence at the polls(1-5)[N]
• violence2 - 8-1b. Some voters were threatened with violence at the polls (Reversed coding)
• fraudulent - 8-2a. Some fraudulent votes were cast (1-5)[N]
• fraudulent2 - 8-2b. Some fraudulent votes were cast (Reversed coding)
• easy - 8-3. The process of voting was easy (1-1)[Y]
• choice - 8-4. Voters were offered a genuine choice at the ballot box (1-5)[P]
• postal - 8-5. Postal ballots were available (1-5)[P]
• disabled - 8-6. Special voting facilities were available for the disabled (1-5)[P]
• expats - 8-7. National citizens living abroad could vote (1-5)[P]
• internet - 8-8. Some form of internet voting was available (1-5)[P]
• voting - 8-9. Voting process index (20-100)
• VOTECOUNT - THE VOTE COUNT SECTION
• secure - 9-1. Ballot boxes were secure (1-5)[P]
• delay - 9-2. The results were announced without undue delay (1-5)[P]
• faircount - 9-3. Votes were counted fairly (1-5)[P]
• intlmonitors - 9-4a. Int'l election monitors were restricted (1-5)[N]
• intlmonitors2 - 9-4b. Int'l election monitors were restricted (Reversed coding)
• domesticmonitors - 9-5a. Domestic election monitors were restricted (1-5)[N]
• domesticmonitors2 - 9-5b. Domestic election monitors were restricted (Reversed coding)
• count - 9-6. Vote count index (20-100)
• VOTINGRESULTS - VOTING RESULTS SECTION
• challenged - 10-1a. Parties/candidates challenged the results (1-5)[N]
• challenged2 - 10-1b. Parties/candidates challenged the results (Reversed coding)
• protestspeace - 10-2a. The election led to peaceful protests (1-5)[N]
• protestspeace2 - 10-2b. The election led to peaceful protests (Reversed coding)
• protestsviolent - 10-3a. The election triggered violent protests (1-5)[N]
• protestsviolent2 - 10-3b. The election triggered violent protests (Reversed coding)
• disputes - 10-4. Any disputes were resolved through legal channels (1-5)[P]
• results - 10-5. Results index (25-100)
• ELECTIONAUTHORITIES - ELECTORAL AUTHORITIES SECTION
• impartial - 11-1. The election authorities were impartial (1-5)[P]
• info - 11-2. The authorities distributed information to citizens (1-5)[P]
• scrutiny - 11-3. The authorities allowed public scrutiny of their performance (1-5)[P]
• performance - 11-4. The election authorities performed well (1-5)[P]
• EMBs - 11-5. Electoral authorities index (25-100)
• VIGNETTES - VIGNETTES SECTION
• countryA - 12-1. In COUNTRY A, the opposition decides to boycott parliamentary contests, so
• countryB - 12-2. In COUNTRY B, the Electoral Authority is very effective in registering vot
• countryC - 12-3. In COUNTRY C, all parties that received over a certain percentage of the v
• countryD - 12-4. In COUNTRY D, the governing party had a great advantage in the TV and radi
• countryE - 12-5. In COUNTRY E, many parties and candidates ran for office, and the overall
• countryF - 12-6. In COUNTRY F, many parties ran for office, the election was free and fair,
• GENERALQUESTIONS - GENERAL ELECTION QUESTIONS
• familiarity - 13-1. How familiar are you with elections in this country?
• important - 13-2. Which election (if more than 1) was most important
• ORGCONFIDENCE - ORGANIZATIONAL CONFIDENCE SECTION
• courts - 14-1. Confidence in the courts (1=none - 10=a great deal)
• government - 14-2. Confidence in the government (1=none - 10=a great deal)
• parliament - 14-3. Confidence in the parliament (1=none - 10=a great deal)
• armedforces - 14-4. Confidence in the armed forces (1=none - 10=a great deal)
• police - 14-5. Confidence in the police (1=none - 10=a great deal)
• electoralauth - 14-6. Confidence in the elect.authorities (1=none - 10=a great deal)
• television - 14-7. Confidence in television (1=none - 10=a great deal)
• press - 14-8. Confidence in the press (1=none - 10=a great deal)
• parties - 14-9. Confidence in political parties (1=none - 10=a great deal)
• BACKGROUND - EXPERT BACKGROUND SECTION
• employment - 15-1. Employment type
• public - 15-2. Works (or has worked) in the government public sector
• university - 15-3. Works (or has worked) in a university
• nonprofit - 15-4. Works (or has worked) in private non-profit sector/NGOs
• agency - 15-5. Works (or has worked) in an international agency
• private - 15-6. Works (or has worked) in an private business or industry
• occupation - 15-7. Most recent occupation
• age - 15-8. Expert's age
• sex - 15-9. Sex (1=female; 0=male)
• education - 15-10. Highest level of education
• born - 15-11. Were you born in this country?
• lived - 15-12. # years lived in this country
• candidate - 15-13. Expert was a candidate for elected office
• rep - 15-14. Expert was an elected representative
• activist - 15-15. Expert was an election activist
• ngo - 15-16. Expert was election NGO watch personnel
• voted - 15-17. Expert voted in this election
• norole - 15-18. Expert did not participate in any role in this election
• monitor - 15-19. Expert was a national official electoral monitor
• official - 15-20. Expert was an election official
• citizen - 15-21. Expert is a citizen of this country (0/1)
• supported - 15-22. Support the winning or losing side
• leftrightscale - 15-23. Political views on 10pt left/right scale
• managedm
• votinginfom
• fairofficialsm
• legalelectionsm
• bimpartialm
• womenoppm
• minorityoppm
• newspapersm
• fairaccessm
• faircoveragem
• subsidiesm
• donationsm
• accountsm
• easym
• choicem
• postalm
• disabledm
• expatsm
• internetm
• securem
• delaym
• faircountm
• disputesm
• impartialm
• infom
• scrutinym
• performancem
• socialmediam
• lawsunfair2m
• favoredincumbent2m
• citizens2m
• bdiscrim2m
• bfavored2m
• reglisted2m
• reginaccurate2m
• ineligible2m
• oppprevent2m
• leaderselect2m
• rallies2m
• tv2m
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