Perceptions of Electoral Integrity, (PEI-2.0) (doi:10.7910/DVN/24781)

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Part 1: Document Description
Part 2: Study Description
Part 3: Data Files Description
Part 4: Variable Description
Part 5: Other Study-Related Materials
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Document Description

Citation

Title:

Perceptions of Electoral Integrity, (PEI-2.0)

Identification Number:

doi:10.7910/DVN/24781

Distributor:

Harvard Dataverse

Date of Distribution:

2014-02-24

Version:

Bibliographic Citation:

Norris, Pippa; Martinez i Coma, Ferran; Frank, Richard W., 2014, "Perceptions of Electoral Integrity, (PEI-2.0)", https://doi.org/10.7910/DVN/24781, Harvard Dataverse, V2, UNF:5:IalxW0Wpaj7l+50kUCXbfQ== [fileUNF]

Study Description

Citation

Title:

Perceptions of Electoral Integrity, (PEI-2.0)

Identification Number:

doi:10.7910/DVN/24781

Authoring Entity:

Norris, Pippa (Harvard & Sydney Universities)

Martinez i Coma, Ferran (University of Sydney)

Frank, Richard W. (University ofSydney)

Producer:

Electoral Integrity Project

Date of Production:

2014-02-24

Distributor:

Harvard Dataverse

Distributor:

Harvard Dataverse Network

Access Authority:

Martinez i Coma, Ferran

Date of Deposit:

2014-02-24

Date of Distribution:

2014-02-24

Holdings Information:

https://doi.org/10.7910/DVN/24781

Study Scope

Keywords:

Social Sciences, elections, electoral integrity, election fraud, election management, voting, voting procedures, political institutions, electoral protests, election violence, voter rights, democratic rights, voting fraud

Topic Classification:

cross-national elections, expert survey, election boundaries

Abstract:

This report by the Electoral Integrity Project evaluates the quality of elections held around the world. Based on a survey collecting the views of election experts, this research provides independent and reliable evidence to compare whether countries meet international standards of electoral integrity. The 2014 survey release PEI-2 covers 73 national parliamentary and presidential contests held worldwide in 66 countries from 1 July 2012 to 31 December 2013. It collected assessments from 855 election experts, with a mean response rate of 30%.The study collects 49 indicators to compare elections and countries around the globe. These indicators are clustered to evaluate eleven stages in the electoral cycle as well as generating an overall summary Perception of Electoral Integrity (PEI) 100-point index and comparative ranking. An updated version, PEI-3, will be released covering more elections in July 2014

Time Period:

2012-07-01-2013-12-31

Geographic Coverage:

global

Geographic Unit(s):

nation-state

Methodology and Processing

Sources Statement

Data Access

Notes:

Other Study Description Materials

File Description--f2458773

File: PEI country-level data (PEI_2)

Number of cases: 66
No. of variables per record: 182
Type of File: text/tab-separated-values

Notes:

UNF:5:4uOqgeQ2scZSLvEIIzEu4A==

Country-level dataset

File Description--f2458926

File: PEI country-level data (PEI_2).sav

Number of cases: 66
No. of variables per record: 182
Type of File: text/tab-separated-values

Notes:

UNF:5:4uOqgeQ2scZSLvEIIzEu4A==

Country-level dataset (SPSS .sav format)

File Description--f2458772

File: PEI election-level data (PEI_2)

Number of cases: 73
No. of variables per record: 312
Type of File: text/tab-separated-values

Notes:

UNF:5:Bsf5f25/hd+7ZKYmLHKQ7w==

Election-level dataset

File Description--f2458925

File: PEI election-level data (PEI_2).sav

Number of cases: 73
No. of variables per record: 312
Type of File: text/tab-separated-values

Notes:

UNF:5:RLhxdQcTG4TidtCWY3ccFg==

Election-level dataset (SPSS .sav format)

File Description--f2458771

File: PEI expert-level data (PEI_2)

Number of cases: 855
No. of variables per record: 169
Type of File: text/tab-separated-values

Notes:

UNF:5:Gdhsv7nUd5YgJd3wuArKIQ==

Expert-level dataset

File Description--f2458924

File: PEI expert-level data (PEI_2).sav

Number of cases: 855
No. of variables per record: 169
Type of File: text/tab-separated-values

Notes:

UNF:5:Gdhsv7nUd5YgJd3wuArKIQ==

Expert-level dataset (SPSS .sav format)

Variable Description

List of Variables:

country - Country name
ccode - COW country code
Refno - Norris reference number
office - Legis.elec=0, 1=Pres, 2=both
numresponses - PEI expert responses, by country (2012-2013)
contacted - PEI experts invited, by country (2012-2013)
responserate - PEI response rate, by country (2012-2013)
COUNTRYDATA - COUNTRYDATA
PR - Freedom House Political Rights Scale
CL - Freedom House Civil Liberties Scale
fhcategory - Freedom House category (Free,Partially Free, Not Free)
polity - Polity combined score (-10->+10)
polity2 - Polity combined score (-10>+10), mean substitution
durable - # years since last major Polity shift (+/- 3 pts)
development - World Bank income level (Low, lower-middle, upper-middle, high)
gni - Gross National Income, PPP, constant 2000 intl$
region - Geographic region (UN classification)
region9 - World Bank region (1-9)
oecd - OECD country (0/1)
OVERALLINTEGRITY - (first) OVERALLINTEGRITY
PEIIndexp - PEI index of electoral integrity, individual
PEIIndexp_lci - PEI Index (individual), low ci
PEIIndexp_hci - PEI Index (individual), high ci
PEIIndexi - PEI index of electoral integrity, imputed
PEIIndexi_lci - PEI Index (imputed), low ci
PEIIndexi_hci - PEI Index (imputed), high ci
PEIIndex_rank - Rank of countries according to PEI experts
PEItype - PEI Index type (high, medium, low)
rating - Rate electoral integrity of the election (1=very poor->10=very good
rating_lci - Individuals' rating, low ci
rating_hci - Individuals' rating, high ci
LAWS - ELECTORAL LAWS SECTION
lawsunfair - 1-1a. Electoral laws were unfair to smaller parties (1-5)[N]
lawsunfair2 - 1-1b. Electoral laws were unfair to smaller parties (Reversed coding)
favoredincumbent - 1-2a. Electoral laws favored the governing party or parties (1-5)[N]
favoredincumbent2 - 1-2b. Electoral laws favored the governing party or parties (Reversed coding)
citizens - 1-3a. Elections laws restricted citizens' rights (1-5)[N]
citizens2 - 1-3b. Elections laws restricted citizens' rights (Reversed coding)
laws - 1-4. Electoral laws index (20-100)
lawsi - 1-4i. Electoral laws index (20-100), imputed
PROCEDURES - ELECTORAL PROCEDURES SECTION
managed - 2-1. Elections were well managed (1-5)[P]
votinginfo - 2-2. Information about voting procedures was widely available (1-5)[P]
fairofficials - 2-3. Election officials were fair (1-5)[P]
legalelections - 2-4. Elections were conducted in accordance with the law (1-5)[P]
procedures - 2-5. Electoral procedures index (25-100)
proceduresi - 2-5i. Electoral procedures index (25-100), imputed
BOUNDARIES - BOUNDARIES FOR VOTING DISTRICTS SECTION
bdiscrim - 3-1a. Boundaries discriminated against some parties (1-5)[N]
bdiscrim2 - 3-1b. Boundaries discriminated against some parties (Reversed coding)
bfavored - 3-2a. Boundaries favored incumbents (1-5)[N]
bfavored2 - 3-2b. Boundaries favored incumbents (Reversed coding)
bimpartial - 3-3. Boundaries were impartial (1-5)[P]
boundaries - 3-4. Voting district boundaries index (20-100)
boundariesi - 3-4i. Voting district boundaries index (20-100), imputed
VOTERREGISTRATION - VOTER REGISTRATION SECTION
reglisted - 4-1a. Some citizens were not listed in the register (1-5)[N]
reglisted2 - 4-1b. Some citizens were not listed in the register (Reversed coding)
reginaccurate - 4-2a. The electoral register was inaccurate (1-5)[N]
reginaccurate2 - 4-2b. The electoral register was inaccurate (Reversed coding)
ineligible - 4-3a. Some ineligible electors were registered (1-5)[N]
ineligible2 - 4-3b. Some ineligible electors were registered (Reversed coding)
votereg - 4-4. Voter registration index (20-100)
voteregi - 4-4i. Voter registration index (20-100), imputed
PARTYREGISTRATION - PARTY AND CANDIDATE REGISTRATION SECTION
oppprevent - 5-1a. Some opposition candidates were prevented from running (1-5)[N]
oppprevent2 - 5-1b. Some opposition candidates were prevented from running (Reversed coding)
womenopp - 5-2. Women had equal opportunities to run for office (1-5)[P]
minorityopp - 5-3. Ethnic and national minorities had equal opportunities to run for office (1
leaderselect - 5-4a. Only top party leaders selected candidates (1-5)[N]
leaderselect2 - 5-4b. Only top party leaders selected candidates (Reversed coding)
rallies - 5-5a. Some parties/candidates were restricted from holding campaign rallies (1-5
rallies2 - 5-5b. Some parties/candidates were restricted from holding campaign rallies (Rev
partyreg - 5-6. Party and candidate registration index (20-100)
partyregi - 5-6i. Party and candidate registration index (20-100), imputed
MEDIACOVERAGE - MEDIA COVERAGE SECTION
newspapers - 6-1. Newspapers provided balanced election news (1-5)[P]
tv - 6-2a. TV news favored the governing party (1-5)[N]
tv2 - 6-2b. TV news favored the governing party (Reversed coding)
fairaccess - 6-3. Parties/candidates had fair access to political broadcasts and advertising
faircoverage - 6-4. Journalists provided fair coverage of the elections (1-5)[P]
socialmedia - 6-5. Social media were used to expose electoral fraud (1-5)[P]
media - 6-6. Media coverage index (20-100)
mediai - 6-6i. Media coverage index (20-100), imputed
CAMPAIGNFINANCE - CAMPAIGN FINANCE SECTION
subsidies - 7-1. Parties/candidates had equitable access to public political subsidies(1-5)[
donations - 7-2. Parties/candidates had equitable access to political donations(1-5)[P]
accounts - 7-3. Parties/candidates publish transparent financial accounts(1-5)[P]
rich - 7-4a. Rich people buy elections (1-5)[N]
rich2 - 7-4b. Rich people buy elections (Reversed coding)
resources - 7-5a. Some state resources were improperly used for campaigning (1-5)[N]
resources2 - 7-5b. Some state resources were improperly used for campaigning (Reversed coding
finance - 7-6. Campaign finance index (20-100)
financei - 7-6i. Campaign finance index (20-100), imputed
VOTINGPROCESS - VOTING PROCESS SECTION
violence - 8-1a. Some voters were threatened with violence at the polls(1-5)[N]
violence2 - 8-1b. Some voters were threatened with violence at the polls (Reversed coding)
fraudulent - 8-2a. Some fraudulent votes were cast (1-5)[N]
fraudulent2 - 8-2b. Some fraudulent votes were cast (Reversed coding)
easy - 8-3. The process of voting was easy (1-1)[Y]
choice - 8-4. Voters were offered a genuine choice at the ballot box (1-5)[P]
postal - 8-5. Postal ballots were available (1-5)[P]
disabled - 8-6. Special voting facilities were available for the disabled (1-5)[P]
expats - 8-7. National citizens living abroad could vote (1-5)[P]
internet - 8-8. Some form of internet voting was available (1-5)[P]
voting - 8-9. Voting process index (20-100)
votingi - 8-9i. Voting process index (20-100), imputed
VOTECOUNT - THE VOTE COUNT SECTION
secure - 9-1. Ballot boxes were secure (1-5)[P]
delay - 9-2. The results were announced without undue delay (1-5)[P]
faircount - 9-3. Votes were counted fairly (1-5)[P]
intlmonitors - 9-4a. Int'l election monitors were restricted (1-5)[N]
intlmonitors2 - 9-4b. Int'l election monitors were restricted (Reversed coding)
domesticmonitors - 9-5a. Domestic election monitors were restricted (1-5)[N]
domesticmonitors2 - 9-5b. Domestic election monitors were restricted (Reversed coding)
count - 9-6. Vote count index (20-100)
counti - 9-6i. Vote count index (20-100), imputed
VOTINGRESULTS - VOTING RESULTS SECTION
challenged - 10-1a. Parties/candidates challenged the results (1-5)[N]
challenged2 - 10-1b. Parties/candidates challenged the results (Reversed coding)
protestspeace - 10-2a. The election led to peaceful protests (1-5)[N]
protestspeace2 - 10-2b. The election led to peaceful protests (Reversed coding)
protestsviolent - 10-3a. The election triggered violent protests (1-5)[N]
protestsviolent2 - 10-3b. The election triggered violent protests (Reversed coding)
disputes - 10-4. Any disputes were resolved through legal channels (1-5)[P]
results - 10-5. Results index (25-100)
resultsi - 10-5i. Results index (25-100), imputed
ELECTIONAUTHORITIES - ELECTORAL AUTHORITIES SECTION
impartial - 11-1. The election authorities were impartial (1-5)[P]
info - 11-2. The authorities distributed information to citizens (1-5)[P]
scrutiny - 11-3. The authorities allowed public scrutiny of their performance (1-5)[P]
performance - 11-4. The election authorities performed well (1-5)[P]
EMBs - 11-5. Electoral authorities index (25-100)
EMBsi - 11-5i. Electoral authorities index (25-100), imputed
GENERALQUESTIONS - GENERAL ELECTION QUESTIONS
familiarity - 13-1. How familiar are you with elections in this country?
important - 13-2. Which election (if more than 1) was most important
ORGCONFIDENCE - ORGANIZATIONAL CONFIDENCE SECTION
courts - 14-1. Confidence in the courts (1=none - 10=a great deal)
government - 14-2. Confidence in the government (1=none - 10=a great deal)
parliament - 14-3. Confidence in the parliament (1=none - 10=a great deal)
armedforces - 14-4. Confidence in the armed forces (1=none - 10=a great deal)
police - 14-5. Confidence in the police (1=none - 10=a great deal)
electoralauth - 14-6. Confidence in the elect.authorities (1=none - 10=a great deal)
television - 14-7. Confidence in television (1=none - 10=a great deal)
press - 14-8. Confidence in the press (1=none - 10=a great deal)
parties - 14-9. Confidence in political parties (1=none - 10=a great deal)
BACKGROUND - EXPERT BACKGROUND SECTION
expertdomestic - % domestic experts surveyed in this country
employment - 15-1. Employment type
public - 15-2. Works (or has worked) in the government public sector
university - 15-3. Works (or has worked) in a university
nonprofit - 15-4. Works (or has worked) in private non-profit sector/NGOs
agency - 15-5. Works (or has worked) in an international agency
private - 15-6. Works (or has worked) in an private business or industry
occupation - 15-7. Most recent occupation
agegroup - 15-8. Expert's age group (by decade)
sex - 15-9. Sex (1=female; 0=male)
education - 15-10. Highest level of education
born - 15-11. Were you born in this country?
lived - 15-12. # years lived in this country
candidate - 15-13. Expert was a candidate for elected office
rep - 15-14. Expert was an elected representative
activist - 15-15. Expert was an election activist
ngo - 15-16. Expert was election NGO watch personnel
voted - 15-17. Expert voted in this election
norole - 15-18. Expert did not participate in any role in this election
monitor - 15-19. Expert was a national official electoral monitor
official - 15-20. Expert was an election official
citizen - 15-21. Expert is a citizen of this country
supported - 15-22. Support the winning or losing side
leftrightscale - 15-23. Political views on 10pt left/right scale
VIGNETTES - VIGNETTES SECTION
vignetteA - 16-1. Vignette A (Queues)
vignetteB - 16-2. Vignette B (Boycotts)
vignetteC - 16-3. Vignette C (Violence)
ELECTIONRESULT - ELECTIONRESULT
DatePrevious - Date of previous election
RegVote - Registered Voters (mean value if more than one election in year)
ValidVote - Valid Votes(mean value if more than one election in year)
Invalid - Invalid/Blank Votes(mean value if more than one election in year)
Turnout - Turnout (mean value if more than one election in year)
country - Country name
ccode - COW country code
Refno - Norris reference number
office - Legis.elec=0, 1=Pres, 2=both
numresponses - PEI expert responses, by country (2012-2013)
contacted - PEI experts invited, by country (2012-2013)
responserate - PEI response rate, by country (2012-2013)
COUNTRYDATA - COUNTRYDATA
PR - Freedom House Political Rights Scale
CL - Freedom House Civil Liberties Scale
fhcategory - Freedom House category (Free,Partially Free, Not Free)
polity - Polity combined score (-10->+10)
polity2 - Polity combined score (-10>+10), mean substitution
durable - # years since last major Polity shift (+/- 3 pts)
development - World Bank income level (Low, lower-middle, upper-middle, high)
gni - Gross National Income, PPP, constant 2000 intl$
region - Geographic region (UN classification)
region9 - World Bank region (1-9)
oecd - OECD country (0/1)
OVERALLINTEGRITY - (first) OVERALLINTEGRITY
PEIIndexp - PEI index of electoral integrity, individual
PEIIndexp_lci - PEI Index (individual), low ci
PEIIndexp_hci - PEI Index (individual), high ci
PEIIndexi - PEI index of electoral integrity, imputed
PEIIndexi_lci - PEI Index (imputed), low ci
PEIIndexi_hci - PEI Index (imputed), high ci
PEIIndex_rank - Rank of countries according to PEI experts
PEItype - PEI Index type (high, medium, low)
rating - Rate electoral integrity of the election (1=very poor->10=very good
rating_lci - Individuals' rating, low ci
rating_hci - Individuals' rating, high ci
LAWS - ELECTORAL LAWS SECTION
lawsunfair - 1-1a. Electoral laws were unfair to smaller parties (1-5)[N]
lawsunfair2 - 1-1b. Electoral laws were unfair to smaller parties (Reversed coding)
favoredincumbent - 1-2a. Electoral laws favored the governing party or parties (1-5)[N]
favoredincumbent2 - 1-2b. Electoral laws favored the governing party or parties (Reversed coding)
citizens - 1-3a. Elections laws restricted citizens' rights (1-5)[N]
citizens2 - 1-3b. Elections laws restricted citizens' rights (Reversed coding)
laws - 1-4. Electoral laws index (20-100)
lawsi - 1-4i. Electoral laws index (20-100), imputed
PROCEDURES - ELECTORAL PROCEDURES SECTION
managed - 2-1. Elections were well managed (1-5)[P]
votinginfo - 2-2. Information about voting procedures was widely available (1-5)[P]
fairofficials - 2-3. Election officials were fair (1-5)[P]
legalelections - 2-4. Elections were conducted in accordance with the law (1-5)[P]
procedures - 2-5. Electoral procedures index (25-100)
proceduresi - 2-5i. Electoral procedures index (25-100), imputed
BOUNDARIES - BOUNDARIES FOR VOTING DISTRICTS SECTION
bdiscrim - 3-1a. Boundaries discriminated against some parties (1-5)[N]
bdiscrim2 - 3-1b. Boundaries discriminated against some parties (Reversed coding)
bfavored - 3-2a. Boundaries favored incumbents (1-5)[N]
bfavored2 - 3-2b. Boundaries favored incumbents (Reversed coding)
bimpartial - 3-3. Boundaries were impartial (1-5)[P]
boundaries - 3-4. Voting district boundaries index (20-100)
boundariesi - 3-4i. Voting district boundaries index (20-100), imputed
VOTERREGISTRATION - VOTER REGISTRATION SECTION
reglisted - 4-1a. Some citizens were not listed in the register (1-5)[N]
reglisted2 - 4-1b. Some citizens were not listed in the register (Reversed coding)
reginaccurate - 4-2a. The electoral register was inaccurate (1-5)[N]
reginaccurate2 - 4-2b. The electoral register was inaccurate (Reversed coding)
ineligible - 4-3a. Some ineligible electors were registered (1-5)[N]
ineligible2 - 4-3b. Some ineligible electors were registered (Reversed coding)
votereg - 4-4. Voter registration index (20-100)
voteregi - 4-4i. Voter registration index (20-100), imputed
PARTYREGISTRATION - PARTY AND CANDIDATE REGISTRATION SECTION
oppprevent - 5-1a. Some opposition candidates were prevented from running (1-5)[N]
oppprevent2 - 5-1b. Some opposition candidates were prevented from running (Reversed coding)
womenopp - 5-2. Women had equal opportunities to run for office (1-5)[P]
minorityopp - 5-3. Ethnic and national minorities had equal opportunities to run for office (1
leaderselect - 5-4a. Only top party leaders selected candidates (1-5)[N]
leaderselect2 - 5-4b. Only top party leaders selected candidates (Reversed coding)
rallies - 5-5a. Some parties/candidates were restricted from holding campaign rallies (1-5
rallies2 - 5-5b. Some parties/candidates were restricted from holding campaign rallies (Rev
partyreg - 5-6. Party and candidate registration index (20-100)
partyregi - 5-6i. Party and candidate registration index (20-100), imputed
MEDIACOVERAGE - MEDIA COVERAGE SECTION
newspapers - 6-1. Newspapers provided balanced election news (1-5)[P]
tv - 6-2a. TV news favored the governing party (1-5)[N]
tv2 - 6-2b. TV news favored the governing party (Reversed coding)
fairaccess - 6-3. Parties/candidates had fair access to political broadcasts and advertising
faircoverage - 6-4. Journalists provided fair coverage of the elections (1-5)[P]
socialmedia - 6-5. Social media were used to expose electoral fraud (1-5)[P]
media - 6-6. Media coverage index (20-100)
mediai - 6-6i. Media coverage index (20-100), imputed
CAMPAIGNFINANCE - CAMPAIGN FINANCE SECTION
subsidies - 7-1. Parties/candidates had equitable access to public political subsidies(1-5)[
donations - 7-2. Parties/candidates had equitable access to political donations(1-5)[P]
accounts - 7-3. Parties/candidates publish transparent financial accounts(1-5)[P]
rich - 7-4a. Rich people buy elections (1-5)[N]
rich2 - 7-4b. Rich people buy elections (Reversed coding)
resources - 7-5a. Some state resources were improperly used for campaigning (1-5)[N]
resources2 - 7-5b. Some state resources were improperly used for campaigning (Reversed coding
finance - 7-6. Campaign finance index (20-100)
financei - 7-6i. Campaign finance index (20-100), imputed
VOTINGPROCESS - VOTING PROCESS SECTION
violence - 8-1a. Some voters were threatened with violence at the polls(1-5)[N]
violence2 - 8-1b. Some voters were threatened with violence at the polls (Reversed coding)
fraudulent - 8-2a. Some fraudulent votes were cast (1-5)[N]
fraudulent2 - 8-2b. Some fraudulent votes were cast (Reversed coding)
easy - 8-3. The process of voting was easy (1-1)[Y]
choice - 8-4. Voters were offered a genuine choice at the ballot box (1-5)[P]
postal - 8-5. Postal ballots were available (1-5)[P]
disabled - 8-6. Special voting facilities were available for the disabled (1-5)[P]
expats - 8-7. National citizens living abroad could vote (1-5)[P]
internet - 8-8. Some form of internet voting was available (1-5)[P]
voting - 8-9. Voting process index (20-100)
votingi - 8-9i. Voting process index (20-100), imputed
VOTECOUNT - THE VOTE COUNT SECTION
secure - 9-1. Ballot boxes were secure (1-5)[P]
delay - 9-2. The results were announced without undue delay (1-5)[P]
faircount - 9-3. Votes were counted fairly (1-5)[P]
intlmonitors - 9-4a. Int'l election monitors were restricted (1-5)[N]
intlmonitors2 - 9-4b. Int'l election monitors were restricted (Reversed coding)
domesticmonitors - 9-5a. Domestic election monitors were restricted (1-5)[N]
domesticmonitors2 - 9-5b. Domestic election monitors were restricted (Reversed coding)
count - 9-6. Vote count index (20-100)
counti - 9-6i. Vote count index (20-100), imputed
VOTINGRESULTS - VOTING RESULTS SECTION
challenged - 10-1a. Parties/candidates challenged the results (1-5)[N]
challenged2 - 10-1b. Parties/candidates challenged the results (Reversed coding)
protestspeace - 10-2a. The election led to peaceful protests (1-5)[N]
protestspeace2 - 10-2b. The election led to peaceful protests (Reversed coding)
protestsviolent - 10-3a. The election triggered violent protests (1-5)[N]
protestsviolent2 - 10-3b. The election triggered violent protests (Reversed coding)
disputes - 10-4. Any disputes were resolved through legal channels (1-5)[P]
results - 10-5. Results index (25-100)
resultsi - 10-5i. Results index (25-100), imputed
ELECTIONAUTHORITIES - ELECTORAL AUTHORITIES SECTION
impartial - 11-1. The election authorities were impartial (1-5)[P]
info - 11-2. The authorities distributed information to citizens (1-5)[P]
scrutiny - 11-3. The authorities allowed public scrutiny of their performance (1-5)[P]
performance - 11-4. The election authorities performed well (1-5)[P]
EMBs - 11-5. Electoral authorities index (25-100)
EMBsi - 11-5i. Electoral authorities index (25-100), imputed
GENERALQUESTIONS - GENERAL ELECTION QUESTIONS
familiarity - 13-1. How familiar are you with elections in this country?
important - 13-2. Which election (if more than 1) was most important
ORGCONFIDENCE - ORGANIZATIONAL CONFIDENCE SECTION
courts - 14-1. Confidence in the courts (1=none - 10=a great deal)
government - 14-2. Confidence in the government (1=none - 10=a great deal)
parliament - 14-3. Confidence in the parliament (1=none - 10=a great deal)
armedforces - 14-4. Confidence in the armed forces (1=none - 10=a great deal)
police - 14-5. Confidence in the police (1=none - 10=a great deal)
electoralauth - 14-6. Confidence in the elect.authorities (1=none - 10=a great deal)
television - 14-7. Confidence in television (1=none - 10=a great deal)
press - 14-8. Confidence in the press (1=none - 10=a great deal)
parties - 14-9. Confidence in political parties (1=none - 10=a great deal)
BACKGROUND - EXPERT BACKGROUND SECTION
expertdomestic - % domestic experts surveyed in this country
employment - 15-1. Employment type
public - 15-2. Works (or has worked) in the government public sector
university - 15-3. Works (or has worked) in a university
nonprofit - 15-4. Works (or has worked) in private non-profit sector/NGOs
agency - 15-5. Works (or has worked) in an international agency
private - 15-6. Works (or has worked) in an private business or industry
occupation - 15-7. Most recent occupation
agegroup - 15-8. Expert's age group (by decade)
sex - 15-9. Sex (1=female; 0=male)
education - 15-10. Highest level of education
born - 15-11. Were you born in this country?
lived - 15-12. # years lived in this country
candidate - 15-13. Expert was a candidate for elected office
rep - 15-14. Expert was an elected representative
activist - 15-15. Expert was an election activist
ngo - 15-16. Expert was election NGO watch personnel
voted - 15-17. Expert voted in this election
norole - 15-18. Expert did not participate in any role in this election
monitor - 15-19. Expert was a national official electoral monitor
official - 15-20. Expert was an election official
citizen - 15-21. Expert is a citizen of this country
supported - 15-22. Support the winning or losing side
leftrightscale - 15-23. Political views on 10pt left/right scale
VIGNETTES - VIGNETTES SECTION
vignetteA - 16-1. Vignette A (Queues)
vignetteB - 16-2. Vignette B (Boycotts)
vignetteC - 16-3. Vignette C (Violence)
ELECTIONRESULT - ELECTIONRESULT
DatePrevious - Date of previous election
RegVote - Registered Voters (mean value if more than one election in year)
ValidVote - Valid Votes(mean value if more than one election in year)
Invalid - Invalid/Blank Votes(mean value if more than one election in year)
Turnout - Turnout (mean value if more than one election in year)
election - Election Code
country - Country Name
ccode - COW country code
Refno - Norris reference number
year - Year
date - Election date
office - Presidential election=1, 0 otherwise
numresponses - PEI expert responses, by election
contacted - PEI experts invited, by election
responserate - PEI response rate, by election
COUNTRYDATA - COUNTRYDATA
PR - Freedom House Political Rights Scale
CL - Freedom House Civil Liberties Scale
fhcategory - Freedom House Category (Free,Partially Free, Not Free)
polity - Polity combined score (-10->+10), 2013 obs have 2012 values
polity2 - Polity combined score with mean subst for missing codes, 2013 obs have 2012 valu
durable - # years since the last regime transition (3pt or greater), 2013 has 2012 values
development - World Bank income level (Low, lower-middle, upper-middle, high)
gni - Gross National Income, PPP, constant 2000 intl$, 2013 has 2012 values
region - Geographic region (UN classification)
region9 - World Bank region (1-9)
oecd - OECD country (0/1)
OVERALLINTEGRITY - OVERALL INTEGRITY RATING
PEIIndexp - PEI index of electoral integrity, individual
PEIIndexp_lci - PEI Index (raw individual), low ci
PEIIndexp_hci - PEI Index (raw individual), high ci
PEIIndexi - PEI index of electoral integrity, imputed
PEIIndexi_lci - PEI Index (imputed), low ci
PEIIndexi_hci - PEI Index (imputed), high ci
PEIIndex_rank - Rank of election according to PEI experts
PEItype - PEI Index type (high, medium, low)
rating - Rate electoral integrity of the election (1=very poor->10=very good)
rating_lci - Rating, low ci
rating_hci - Rating, high ci
LAWS - ELECTORAL LAWS SECTION
lawsunfair - 1-1a. Electoral laws were unfair to smaller parties (1-5)[N]
lawsunfair2 - 1-1b. Electoral laws were unfair to smaller parties (Reversed coding)
favoredincumbent - 1-2a. Electoral laws favored the governing party or parties (1-5)[N]
favoredincumbent2 - 1-2b. Electoral laws favored the governing party or parties (Reversed coding)
citizens - 1-3a. Elections laws restricted citizens' rights (1-5)[N]
citizens2 - 1-3b. Elections laws restricted citizens' rights (Reversed coding)
laws - 1-4. Electoral laws index (20-100)
lawsi - 1-4i. Electoral laws index (20-100), imputed
PROCEDURES - ELECTORAL PROCEDURES SECTION
managed - 2-1. Elections were well managed (1-5)[P]
votinginfo - 2-2. Information about voting procedures was widely available (1-5)[P]
fairofficials - 2-3. Election officials were fair (1-5)[P]
legalelections - 2-4. Elections were conducted in accordance with the law (1-5)[P]
procedures - 2-5. Electoral procedures index (25-100)
proceduresi - 2-5i. Electoral procedures index (25-100), imputed
BOUNDARIES - BOUNDARIES FOR VOTING DISTRICTS SECTION
bdiscrim - 3-1a. Boundaries discriminated against some parties (1-5)[N]
bdiscrim2 - 3-1b. Boundaries discriminated against some parties (Reversed coding)
bfavored - 3-2a. Boundaries favored incumbents (1-5)[N]
bfavored2 - 3-2b. Boundaries favored incumbents (Reversed coding)
bimpartial - 3-3. Boundaries were impartial (1-5)[P]
boundaries - 3-4. Voting district boundaries index (20-100)
boundariesi - 3-4i. Voting district boundaries index (20-100), imputed
VOTERREGISTRATION - VOTER REGISTRATION SECTION
reglisted - 4-1a. Some citizens were not listed in the register (1-5)[N]
reglisted2 - 4-1b. Some citizens were not listed in the register (Reversed coding)
reginaccurate - 4-2a. The electoral register was inaccurate (1-5)[N]
reginaccurate2 - 4-2b. The electoral register was inaccurate (Reversed coding)
ineligible - 4-3a. Some ineligible electors were registered (1-5)[N]
ineligible2 - 4-3b. Some ineligible electors were registered (Reversed coding)
votereg - 4-4. Voter registration index (20-100)
voteregi - 4-4i. Voter registration index (20-100), imputed
PARTYREGISTRATION - PARTY AND CANDIDATE REGISTRATION SECTION
oppprevent - 5-1a. Some opposition candidates were prevented from running (1-5)[N]
oppprevent2 - 5-1b. Some opposition candidates were prevented from running (Reversed coding)
womenopp - 5-2. Women had equal opportunities to run for office (1-5)[P]
minorityopp - 5-3. Ethnic and national minorities had equal opportunities to run for office (1
leaderselect - 5-4a. Only top party leaders selected candidates (1-5)[N]
leaderselect2 - 5-4b. Only top party leaders selected candidates (Reversed coding)
rallies - 5-5a. Some parties/candidates were restricted from holding campaign rallies (1-5
rallies2 - 5-5b. Some parties/candidates were restricted from holding campaign rallies (Rev
partyreg - 5-6. Party and candidate registration index (20-100)
partyregi - 5-6i. Party and candidate registration index (20-100), imputed
MEDIACOVERAGE - MEDIA COVERAGE SECTION
newspapers - 6-1. Newspapers provided balanced election news (1-5)[P]
tv - 6-2a. TV news favored the governing party (1-5)[N]
tv2 - 6-2b. TV news favored the governing party (Reversed coding)
fairaccess - 6-3. Parties/candidates had fair access to political broadcasts and advertising
faircoverage - 6-4. Journalists provided fair coverage of the elections (1-5)[P]
socialmedia - 6-5. Social media were used to expose electoral fraud (1-5)[P]
media - 6-6. Media coverage index (20-100)
mediai - 6-6i. Media coverage index (20-100), imputed
CAMPAIGNFINANCE - CAMPAIGN FINANCE SECTION
subsidies - 7-1. Parties/candidates had equitable access to public political subsidies(1-5)[
donations - 7-2. Parties/candidates had equitable access to political donations(1-5)[P]
accounts - 7-3. Parties/candidates publish transparent financial accounts(1-5)[P]
rich - 7-4a. Rich people buy elections (1-5)[N]
rich2 - 7-4b. Rich people buy elections (Reversed coding)
resources - 7-5a. Some state resources were improperly used for campaigning (1-5)[N]
resources2 - 7-5b. Some state resources were improperly used for campaigning (Reversed coding
finance - 7-6. Campaign finance index (20-100)
financei - 7-6i. Campaign finance index (20-100), imputed
VOTINGPROCESS - VOTING PROCESS SECTION
violence - 8-1a. Some voters were threatened with violence at the polls(1-5)[N]
violence2 - 8-1b. Some voters were threatened with violence at the polls (Reversed coding)
fraudulent - 8-2a. Some fraudulent votes were cast (1-5)[N]
fraudulent2 - 8-2b. Some fraudulent votes were cast (Reversed coding)
easy - 8-3. The process of voting was easy (1-1)[Y]
choice - 8-4. Voters were offered a genuine choice at the ballot box (1-5)[P]
postal - 8-5. Postal ballots were available (1-5)[P]
disabled - 8-6. Special voting facilities were available for the disabled (1-5)[P]
expats - 8-7. National citizens living abroad could vote (1-5)[P]
internet - 8-8. Some form of internet voting was available (1-5)[P]
voting - 8-9. Voting process index (20-100)
votingi - 8-9i. Voting process index (20-100), imputed
VOTECOUNT - THE VOTE COUNT SECTION
secure - 9-1. Ballot boxes were secure (1-5)[P]
delay - 9-2. The results were announced without undue delay (1-5)[P]
faircount - 9-3. Votes were counted fairly (1-5)[P]
intlmonitors - 9-4a. Int'l election monitors were restricted (1-5)[N]
intlmonitors2 - 9-4b. Int'l election monitors were restricted (Reversed coding)
domesticmonitors - 9-5a. Domestic election monitors were restricted (1-5)[N]
domesticmonitors2 - 9-5b. Domestic election monitors were restricted (Reversed coding)
count - 9-6. Vote count index (20-100)
counti - 9-6i. Vote count index (20-100), imputed
VOTINGRESULTS - VOTING RESULTS SECTION
challenged - 10-1a. Parties/candidates challenged the results (1-5)[N]
challenged2 - 10-1b. Parties/candidates challenged the results (Reversed coding)
protestspeace - 10-2a. The election led to peaceful protests (1-5)[N]
protestspeace2 - 10-2b. The election led to peaceful protests (Reversed coding)
protestsviolent - 10-3a. The election triggered violent protests (1-5)[N]
protestsviolent2 - 10-3b. The election triggered violent protests (Reversed coding)
disputes - 10-4. Any disputes were resolved through legal channels (1-5)[P]
results - 10-5. Results index (25-100)
resultsi - 10-5i. Results index (25-100), imputed
ELECTIONAUTHORITIES - ELECTORAL AUTHORITIES SECTION
impartial - 11-1. The election authorities were impartial (1-5)[P]
info - 11-2. The authorities distributed information to citizens (1-5)[P]
scrutiny - 11-3. The authorities allowed public scrutiny of their performance (1-5)[P]
performance - 11-4. The election authorities performed well (1-5)[P]
EMBs - 11-5. Electoral authorities index (25-100)
EMBsi - 11-5i. Electoral authorities index (25-100), imputed
GENERALQUESTIONS - GENERAL ELECTION QUESTIONS
familiarity - 13-1. How familiar are you with elections in this country?
important - 13-2. Which election (if more than 1) was most important
ORGCONFIDENCE - ORGANIZATIONAL CONFIDENCE SECTION
courts - 14-1. Confidence in the courts (1=none - 10=a great deal)
government - 14-2. Confidence in the government (1=none - 10=a great deal)
parliament - 14-3. Confidence in the parliament (1=none - 10=a great deal)
armedforces - 14-4. Confidence in the armed forces (1=none - 10=a great deal)
police - 14-5. Confidence in the police (1=none - 10=a great deal)
electoralauth - 14-6. Confidence in the elect.authorities (1=none - 10=a great deal)
television - 14-7. Confidence in television (1=none - 10=a great deal)
press - 14-8. Confidence in the press (1=none - 10=a great deal)
parties - 14-9. Confidence in political parties (1=none - 10=a great deal)
BACKGROUND - EXPERT BACKGROUND SECTION
expertdomestic - 15-0. % domestic experts evaluation this election
employment - 15-1. Employment type
public - 15-2. Works (or has worked) in the government public sector
university - 15-3. Works (or has worked) in a university
nonprofit - 15-4. Works (or has worked) in private non-profit sector/NGOs
agency - 15-5. Works (or has worked) in an international agency
private - 15-6. Works (or has worked) in an private business or industry
occupation - 15-7. Most recent occupation
agegroup - 15-8. Expert's age group (by decade)
sex - 15-9. Sex (1=female; 0=male)
education - 15-10. Highest level of education
born - 15-11. Were you born in this country?
lived - 15-12. # years lived in this country
candidate - 15-13. Expert was a candidate for elected office
rep - 15-14. Expert was an elected representative
activist - 15-15. Expert was an election activist
ngo - 15-16. Expert was election NGO watch personnel
voted - 15-17. Expert voted in this election
norole - 15-18. Expert did not participate in any role in this election
monitor - 15-19. Expert was a national official electoral monitor
official - 15-20. Expert was an election official
citizen - 15-21. Expert is a citizen of this country
supported - 15-22. Support the winning or losing side
leftrightscale - 15-23. Political views on 10pt left/right scale
VIGNETTES - VIGNETTES SECTION
vignetteA - 16-1. Vignette A (Queues)
vignetteB - 16-2. Vignette B (Boycotts)
vignetteC - 16-3. Vignette C (Violence)
ELECTIONRESULT - ELECTION RESULT
LocalTitle - Local title of contested office
DatePrevious - Date of previous election
RegVote - Registered Voters
ValidVote - Valid Votes
Invalid - Invalid/Blank Votes
Turnout - Election turnout
P1Name - Party 1: Name/ Candidate 1 in presidential election
P2Name - Party 2: Name/ Candidate 2 in presidential election
P3Name - Party 3: Name/ Candidate 3 in presidential election
P4Name - Party 4: Name/ Candidate 4 in presidential election
P5Name - Party 5: Name/ Candidate 5 in presidential election
P6Name - Party 6 Name/ Candidate 6 in presidential election
P7Name - Party 7: Name/ Candidate 7 in presidential election
P8Name - Party 8: Name/ Candidate 8 in presidential election
P9Name - Party 9: Name/ Candidate 9 in presidential election
P10Name - Party 10: Name/ Candidate 10 in presidential election
P1Abb - Party 1: Abbreviation
P2Abb - Party 2: Abbreviation
P3Abb - Party 3: Abbreviation
P4Abb - Party 4: Abbreviation
P5Abb - Party 5: Abbreviation
P6Abb - Party 6: Abbreviation
P7Abb - Party 7: Abbreviation
P8Abb - Party 8: Abbreviation
P9Abb - Party 9: Abbreviation
P10Abb - Party 10: Abbreviation
P1Lead - Party 1: Leader/ Candidate 1 in presidential election
P2Lead - Party 2: Leader/ Candidate 2 in presidential election
P3Lead - Party 3: Leader/ Candidate 3 in presidential election
P4Lead - Party 4: Leader/ Candidate 4 in presidential election
P5Lead - Party 5: Leader/ Candidate 5 in presidential election
P6Lead - Party 6: Leader/ Candidate 6 in presidential election
P7Lead - Party 7: Leader/ Candidate 7 in presidential election
P8Lead - Party 8: Leader/ Candidate 8 in presidential election
P9Lead - Party 9: Leader/ Candidate 9 in presidential election
P10Lead - Party 10: Leader/ Candidate 10 in presidential election
P1PreSeats - Party 1: Seats in previous elections
P2PreSeats - Party 2: Seats in previous elections
P3PreSeats - Party 3: Seats in previous elections
P4PreSeats - Party 4: Seats in previous elections
P5PreSeats - Party 5: Seats in previous elections
P6PreSeats - Party 6: Seats in previous elections
P7PreSeats - Party 7: Seats in previous elections
P8PreSeats - Party 8: Seats in previous elections
P9PreSeats - Party 9: Seats in previous elections
P10PreSeats - Party 10: Seats in previous elections
TotSeats - Number of Contested Seats
P1Seats - Party 1: Seats
P2Seats - Party 2: Seats
P3Seats - Party 3: Seats
P4Seats - Party 4: Seats
P5Seats - Party 5: Seats
P6Seats - Party 6: Seats
P7Seats - Party 7: Seats
P8Seats - Party 8: Seats
P9Seats - Party 9: Seats
P10Seats - Party 10: Seats
P1SeatChange - Party 1: Seat change compared to previous election
P2SeatChange - Party 2: Seat change compared to previous election
P3SeatChange - Party 3: Seat change compared to previous election
P4SeatChange - Party 4: Seat change compared to previous election
P5SeatChange - Party 5: Seat change compared to previous election
P6SeatChange - Party 6: Seat change compared to previous election
P7SeatChange - Party 7: Seat change compared to previous election
P8SeatChange - Party 8: Seat change compared to previous election
P9SeatChange - Party 9: Seat change compared to previous election
P10SeatChange - Party 10: Seat change compared to previous election
P1PerSeats - Party 1: Seat share
P2PerSeats - Party 2: Seat share
P3PerSeats - Party 3: Seat share
P4PerSeats - Party 4: Seat share
P5PerSeats - Party 5: Seat share
P6PerSeats - Party 6: Seat share
P7PerSeats - Party 7: Seat share
P8PerSeats - Party 8: Seat share
P9PerSeats - Party 9: Seat share
P10PerSeats - Party 10: Seat share
P1Vote - Party 1: Votes
P2Vote - Party 2: Votes
P3Vote - Party 3: Votes
P4Vote - Party 4: Votes
P5Vote - Party 5: Votes
P6Vote - Party 6: Votes
P7Vote - Party 7: Votes
P8Vote - Party 8: Votes
P9Vote - Party 9: Votes
P10Vote - Party 10: Votes
P1PerVote - Party 1: Vote share
P2PerVote - Party 2: Vote share
P3PerVote - Party 3: Vote share
P4PerVote - Party 4: Vote share
P5PerVote - Party 5: Vote share
P6PerVote - Party 6: Vote share
P7PerVote - Party 7: Vote share
P8PerVote - Party 8: Vote share
P9PerVote - Party 9: Vote share
P10PerVote - Party 10: Vote share
MinorNumber - Number of minor parties beyond the top 5
MinorSeat - Seats of minor parties
MinorVote - Votes of minor parties
MinorPerSeat - Seat share of minor parties
MinorPerVote - Vote share of minor parties
P1Incum - Party 1: Incumbent Party
P2Incum - Party 2: Incumbent Party
P3Incum - Party 3: Incumbent Party
P4Incum - Party 4: Incumbent Party
P5Incum - Party 5: Incumbent Party
P6Incum - Party 6: Incumbent Party
P7Incum - Party 7: Incumbent Party
P8Incum - Party 8: Incumbent Party
P9Incum - Party 9: Incumbent Party
P10Incum - Party 10: Incumbent Party
P1Govt - Party 1: Government Party
P2Govt - Party 2: Government Party
P3Govt - Party 3: Government Party
P4Govt - Party 4: Government Party
P5Govt - Party 5: Government Party
P6Govt - Party 6: Government Party
P7Govt - Party 7: Government Party
P8Govt - Party 8: Government Party
P9Govt - Party 9: Government Party
P10Govt - Party 10: Government Party
P1Change - Party 1: Enter/Exit Government
P2Change - Party 2: Enter/Exit Government
P3Change - Party 3: Enter/Exit Government
P4Change - Party 4: Enter/Exit Government
P5Change - Party 5: Enter/Exit Government
P6Change - Party 6: Enter/Exit Government
P7Change - Party 7: Enter/Exit Government
P8Change - Party 8: Enter/Exit Government
P9Change - Party 9: Enter/Exit Government
P10Change - Party 10: Enter/Exit Government
election - Election Code
country - Country Name
ccode - COW country code
Refno - Norris reference number
year - Year
date - Election date
office - Presidential election=1, 0 otherwise
numresponses - PEI expert responses, by election
contacted - PEI experts invited, by election
responserate - PEI response rate, by election
COUNTRYDATA - COUNTRYDATA
PR - Freedom House Political Rights Scale
CL - Freedom House Civil Liberties Scale
fhcategory - Freedom House Category (Free,Partially Free, Not Free)
polity - Polity combined score (-10->+10), 2013 obs have 2012 values
polity2 - Polity combined score with mean subst for missing codes, 2013 obs have 2012 valu
durable - # years since the last regime transition (3pt or greater), 2013 has 2012 values
development - World Bank income level (Low, lower-middle, upper-middle, high)
gni - Gross National Income, PPP, constant 2000 intl$, 2013 has 2012 values
region - Geographic region (UN classification)
region9 - World Bank region (1-9)
oecd - OECD country (0/1)
OVERALLINTEGRITY - OVERALL INTEGRITY RATING
PEIIndexp - PEI index of electoral integrity, individual
PEIIndexp_lci - PEI Index (raw individual), low ci
PEIIndexp_hci - PEI Index (raw individual), high ci
PEIIndexi - PEI index of electoral integrity, imputed
PEIIndexi_lci - PEI Index (imputed), low ci
PEIIndexi_hci - PEI Index (imputed), high ci
PEIIndex_rank - Rank of election according to PEI experts
PEItype - PEI Index type (high, medium, low)
rating - Rate electoral integrity of the election (1=very poor->10=very good)
rating_lci - Rating, low ci
rating_hci - Rating, high ci
LAWS - ELECTORAL LAWS SECTION
lawsunfair - 1-1a. Electoral laws were unfair to smaller parties (1-5)[N]
lawsunfair2 - 1-1b. Electoral laws were unfair to smaller parties (Reversed coding)
favoredincumbent - 1-2a. Electoral laws favored the governing party or parties (1-5)[N]
favoredincumbent2 - 1-2b. Electoral laws favored the governing party or parties (Reversed coding)
citizens - 1-3a. Elections laws restricted citizens' rights (1-5)[N]
citizens2 - 1-3b. Elections laws restricted citizens' rights (Reversed coding)
laws - 1-4. Electoral laws index (20-100)
lawsi - 1-4i. Electoral laws index (20-100), imputed
PROCEDURES - ELECTORAL PROCEDURES SECTION
managed - 2-1. Elections were well managed (1-5)[P]
votinginfo - 2-2. Information about voting procedures was widely available (1-5)[P]
fairofficials - 2-3. Election officials were fair (1-5)[P]
legalelections - 2-4. Elections were conducted in accordance with the law (1-5)[P]
procedures - 2-5. Electoral procedures index (25-100)
proceduresi - 2-5i. Electoral procedures index (25-100), imputed
BOUNDARIES - BOUNDARIES FOR VOTING DISTRICTS SECTION
bdiscrim - 3-1a. Boundaries discriminated against some parties (1-5)[N]
bdiscrim2 - 3-1b. Boundaries discriminated against some parties (Reversed coding)
bfavored - 3-2a. Boundaries favored incumbents (1-5)[N]
bfavored2 - 3-2b. Boundaries favored incumbents (Reversed coding)
bimpartial - 3-3. Boundaries were impartial (1-5)[P]
boundaries - 3-4. Voting district boundaries index (20-100)
boundariesi - 3-4i. Voting district boundaries index (20-100), imputed
VOTERREGISTRATION - VOTER REGISTRATION SECTION
reglisted - 4-1a. Some citizens were not listed in the register (1-5)[N]
reglisted2 - 4-1b. Some citizens were not listed in the register (Reversed coding)
reginaccurate - 4-2a. The electoral register was inaccurate (1-5)[N]
reginaccurate2 - 4-2b. The electoral register was inaccurate (Reversed coding)
ineligible - 4-3a. Some ineligible electors were registered (1-5)[N]
ineligible2 - 4-3b. Some ineligible electors were registered (Reversed coding)
votereg - 4-4. Voter registration index (20-100)
voteregi - 4-4i. Voter registration index (20-100), imputed
PARTYREGISTRATION - PARTY AND CANDIDATE REGISTRATION SECTION
oppprevent - 5-1a. Some opposition candidates were prevented from running (1-5)[N]
oppprevent2 - 5-1b. Some opposition candidates were prevented from running (Reversed coding)
womenopp - 5-2. Women had equal opportunities to run for office (1-5)[P]
minorityopp - 5-3. Ethnic and national minorities had equal opportunities to run for office (1
leaderselect - 5-4a. Only top party leaders selected candidates (1-5)[N]
leaderselect2 - 5-4b. Only top party leaders selected candidates (Reversed coding)
rallies - 5-5a. Some parties/candidates were restricted from holding campaign rallies (1-5
rallies2 - 5-5b. Some parties/candidates were restricted from holding campaign rallies (Rev
partyreg - 5-6. Party and candidate registration index (20-100)
partyregi - 5-6i. Party and candidate registration index (20-100), imputed
MEDIACOVERAGE - MEDIA COVERAGE SECTION
newspapers - 6-1. Newspapers provided balanced election news (1-5)[P]
tv - 6-2a. TV news favored the governing party (1-5)[N]
tv2 - 6-2b. TV news favored the governing party (Reversed coding)
fairaccess - 6-3. Parties/candidates had fair access to political broadcasts and advertising
faircoverage - 6-4. Journalists provided fair coverage of the elections (1-5)[P]
socialmedia - 6-5. Social media were used to expose electoral fraud (1-5)[P]
media - 6-6. Media coverage index (20-100)
mediai - 6-6i. Media coverage index (20-100), imputed
CAMPAIGNFINANCE - CAMPAIGN FINANCE SECTION
subsidies - 7-1. Parties/candidates had equitable access to public political subsidies(1-5)[
donations - 7-2. Parties/candidates had equitable access to political donations(1-5)[P]
accounts - 7-3. Parties/candidates publish transparent financial accounts(1-5)[P]
rich - 7-4a. Rich people buy elections (1-5)[N]
rich2 - 7-4b. Rich people buy elections (Reversed coding)
resources - 7-5a. Some state resources were improperly used for campaigning (1-5)[N]
resources2 - 7-5b. Some state resources were improperly used for campaigning (Reversed coding
finance - 7-6. Campaign finance index (20-100)
financei - 7-6i. Campaign finance index (20-100), imputed
VOTINGPROCESS - VOTING PROCESS SECTION
violence - 8-1a. Some voters were threatened with violence at the polls(1-5)[N]
violence2 - 8-1b. Some voters were threatened with violence at the polls (Reversed coding)
fraudulent - 8-2a. Some fraudulent votes were cast (1-5)[N]
fraudulent2 - 8-2b. Some fraudulent votes were cast (Reversed coding)
easy - 8-3. The process of voting was easy (1-1)[Y]
choice - 8-4. Voters were offered a genuine choice at the ballot box (1-5)[P]
postal - 8-5. Postal ballots were available (1-5)[P]
disabled - 8-6. Special voting facilities were available for the disabled (1-5)[P]
expats - 8-7. National citizens living abroad could vote (1-5)[P]
internet - 8-8. Some form of internet voting was available (1-5)[P]
voting - 8-9. Voting process index (20-100)
votingi - 8-9i. Voting process index (20-100), imputed
VOTECOUNT - THE VOTE COUNT SECTION
secure - 9-1. Ballot boxes were secure (1-5)[P]
delay - 9-2. The results were announced without undue delay (1-5)[P]
faircount - 9-3. Votes were counted fairly (1-5)[P]
intlmonitors - 9-4a. Int'l election monitors were restricted (1-5)[N]
intlmonitors2 - 9-4b. Int'l election monitors were restricted (Reversed coding)
domesticmonitors - 9-5a. Domestic election monitors were restricted (1-5)[N]
domesticmonitors2 - 9-5b. Domestic election monitors were restricted (Reversed coding)
count - 9-6. Vote count index (20-100)
counti - 9-6i. Vote count index (20-100), imputed
VOTINGRESULTS - VOTING RESULTS SECTION
challenged - 10-1a. Parties/candidates challenged the results (1-5)[N]
challenged2 - 10-1b. Parties/candidates challenged the results (Reversed coding)
protestspeace - 10-2a. The election led to peaceful protests (1-5)[N]
protestspeace2 - 10-2b. The election led to peaceful protests (Reversed coding)
protestsviolent - 10-3a. The election triggered violent protests (1-5)[N]
protestsviolent2 - 10-3b. The election triggered violent protests (Reversed coding)
disputes - 10-4. Any disputes were resolved through legal channels (1-5)[P]
results - 10-5. Results index (25-100)
resultsi - 10-5i. Results index (25-100), imputed
ELECTIONAUTHORITIES - ELECTORAL AUTHORITIES SECTION
impartial - 11-1. The election authorities were impartial (1-5)[P]
info - 11-2. The authorities distributed information to citizens (1-5)[P]
scrutiny - 11-3. The authorities allowed public scrutiny of their performance (1-5)[P]
performance - 11-4. The election authorities performed well (1-5)[P]
EMBs - 11-5. Electoral authorities index (25-100)
EMBsi - 11-5i. Electoral authorities index (25-100), imputed
GENERALQUESTIONS - GENERAL ELECTION QUESTIONS
familiarity - 13-1. How familiar are you with elections in this country?
important - 13-2. Which election (if more than 1) was most important
ORGCONFIDENCE - ORGANIZATIONAL CONFIDENCE SECTION
courts - 14-1. Confidence in the courts (1=none - 10=a great deal)
government - 14-2. Confidence in the government (1=none - 10=a great deal)
parliament - 14-3. Confidence in the parliament (1=none - 10=a great deal)
armedforces - 14-4. Confidence in the armed forces (1=none - 10=a great deal)
police - 14-5. Confidence in the police (1=none - 10=a great deal)
electoralauth - 14-6. Confidence in the elect.authorities (1=none - 10=a great deal)
television - 14-7. Confidence in television (1=none - 10=a great deal)
press - 14-8. Confidence in the press (1=none - 10=a great deal)
parties - 14-9. Confidence in political parties (1=none - 10=a great deal)
BACKGROUND - EXPERT BACKGROUND SECTION
expertdomestic - 15-0. % domestic experts evaluation this election
employment - 15-1. Employment type
public - 15-2. Works (or has worked) in the government public sector
university - 15-3. Works (or has worked) in a university
nonprofit - 15-4. Works (or has worked) in private non-profit sector/NGOs
agency - 15-5. Works (or has worked) in an international agency
private - 15-6. Works (or has worked) in an private business or industry
occupation - 15-7. Most recent occupation
agegroup - 15-8. Expert's age group (by decade)
sex - 15-9. Sex (1=female; 0=male)
education - 15-10. Highest level of education
born - 15-11. Were you born in this country?
lived - 15-12. # years lived in this country
candidate - 15-13. Expert was a candidate for elected office
rep - 15-14. Expert was an elected representative
activist - 15-15. Expert was an election activist
ngo - 15-16. Expert was election NGO watch personnel
voted - 15-17. Expert voted in this election
norole - 15-18. Expert did not participate in any role in this election
monitor - 15-19. Expert was a national official electoral monitor
official - 15-20. Expert was an election official
citizen - 15-21. Expert is a citizen of this country
supported - 15-22. Support the winning or losing side
leftrightscale - 15-23. Political views on 10pt left/right scale
VIGNETTES - VIGNETTES SECTION
vignetteA - 16-1. Vignette A (Queues)
vignetteB - 16-2. Vignette B (Boycotts)
vignetteC - 16-3. Vignette C (Violence)
ELECTIONRESULT - ELECTION RESULT
LocalTitle - Local title of contested office
DatePrevious - Date of previous election
RegVote - Registered Voters
ValidVote - Valid Votes
Invalid - Invalid/Blank Votes
Turnout - Election turnout
P1Name - Party 1: Name/ Candidate 1 in presidential election
P2Name - Party 2: Name/ Candidate 2 in presidential election
P3Name - Party 3: Name/ Candidate 3 in presidential election
P4Name - Party 4: Name/ Candidate 4 in presidential election
P5Name - Party 5: Name/ Candidate 5 in presidential election
P6Name - Party 6 Name/ Candidate 6 in presidential election
P7Name - Party 7: Name/ Candidate 7 in presidential election
P8Name - Party 8: Name/ Candidate 8 in presidential election
P9Name - Party 9: Name/ Candidate 9 in presidential election
P10Name - Party 10: Name/ Candidate 10 in presidential election
P1Abb - Party 1: Abbreviation
P2Abb - Party 2: Abbreviation
P3Abb - Party 3: Abbreviation
P4Abb - Party 4: Abbreviation
P5Abb - Party 5: Abbreviation
P6Abb - Party 6: Abbreviation
P7Abb - Party 7: Abbreviation
P8Abb - Party 8: Abbreviation
P9Abb - Party 9: Abbreviation
P10Abb - Party 10: Abbreviation
P1Lead - Party 1: Leader/ Candidate 1 in presidential election
P2Lead - Party 2: Leader/ Candidate 2 in presidential election
P3Lead - Party 3: Leader/ Candidate 3 in presidential election
P4Lead - Party 4: Leader/ Candidate 4 in presidential election
P5Lead - Party 5: Leader/ Candidate 5 in presidential election
P6Lead - Party 6: Leader/ Candidate 6 in presidential election
P7Lead - Party 7: Leader/ Candidate 7 in presidential election
P8Lead - Party 8: Leader/ Candidate 8 in presidential election
P9Lead - Party 9: Leader/ Candidate 9 in presidential election
P10Lead - Party 10: Leader/ Candidate 10 in presidential election
P1PreSeats - Party 1: Seats in previous elections
P2PreSeats - Party 2: Seats in previous elections
P3PreSeats - Party 3: Seats in previous elections
P4PreSeats - Party 4: Seats in previous elections
P5PreSeats - Party 5: Seats in previous elections
P6PreSeats - Party 6: Seats in previous elections
P7PreSeats - Party 7: Seats in previous elections
P8PreSeats - Party 8: Seats in previous elections
P9PreSeats - Party 9: Seats in previous elections
P10PreSeats - Party 10: Seats in previous elections
TotSeats - Number of Contested Seats
P1Seats - Party 1: Seats
P2Seats - Party 2: Seats
P3Seats - Party 3: Seats
P4Seats - Party 4: Seats
P5Seats - Party 5: Seats
P6Seats - Party 6: Seats
P7Seats - Party 7: Seats
P8Seats - Party 8: Seats
P9Seats - Party 9: Seats
P10Seats - Party 10: Seats
P1SeatChange - Party 1: Seat change compared to previous election
P2SeatChange - Party 2: Seat change compared to previous election
P3SeatChange - Party 3: Seat change compared to previous election
P4SeatChange - Party 4: Seat change compared to previous election
P5SeatChange - Party 5: Seat change compared to previous election
P6SeatChange - Party 6: Seat change compared to previous election
P7SeatChange - Party 7: Seat change compared to previous election
P8SeatChange - Party 8: Seat change compared to previous election
P9SeatChange - Party 9: Seat change compared to previous election
P10SeatChange - Party 10: Seat change compared to previous election
P1PerSeats - Party 1: Seat share
P2PerSeats - Party 2: Seat share
P3PerSeats - Party 3: Seat share
P4PerSeats - Party 4: Seat share
P5PerSeats - Party 5: Seat share
P6PerSeats - Party 6: Seat share
P7PerSeats - Party 7: Seat share
P8PerSeats - Party 8: Seat share
P9PerSeats - Party 9: Seat share
P10PerSeats - Party 10: Seat share
P1Vote - Party 1: Votes
P2Vote - Party 2: Votes
P3Vote - Party 3: Votes
P4Vote - Party 4: Votes
P5Vote - Party 5: Votes
P6Vote - Party 6: Votes
P7Vote - Party 7: Votes
P8Vote - Party 8: Votes
P9Vote - Party 9: Votes
P10Vote - Party 10: Votes
P1PerVote - Party 1: Vote share
P2PerVote - Party 2: Vote share
P3PerVote - Party 3: Vote share
P4PerVote - Party 4: Vote share
P5PerVote - Party 5: Vote share
P6PerVote - Party 6: Vote share
P7PerVote - Party 7: Vote share
P8PerVote - Party 8: Vote share
P9PerVote - Party 9: Vote share
P10PerVote - Party 10: Vote share
MinorNumber - Number of minor parties beyond the top 5
MinorSeat - Seats of minor parties
MinorVote - Votes of minor parties
MinorPerSeat - Seat share of minor parties
MinorPerVote - Vote share of minor parties
P1Incum - Party 1: Incumbent Party
P2Incum - Party 2: Incumbent Party
P3Incum - Party 3: Incumbent Party
P4Incum - Party 4: Incumbent Party
P5Incum - Party 5: Incumbent Party
P6Incum - Party 6: Incumbent Party
P7Incum - Party 7: Incumbent Party
P8Incum - Party 8: Incumbent Party
P9Incum - Party 9: Incumbent Party
P10Incum - Party 10: Incumbent Party
P1Govt - Party 1: Government Party
P2Govt - Party 2: Government Party
P3Govt - Party 3: Government Party
P4Govt - Party 4: Government Party
P5Govt - Party 5: Government Party
P6Govt - Party 6: Government Party
P7Govt - Party 7: Government Party
P8Govt - Party 8: Government Party
P9Govt - Party 9: Government Party
P10Govt - Party 10: Government Party
P1Change - Party 1: Enter/Exit Government
P2Change - Party 2: Enter/Exit Government
P3Change - Party 3: Enter/Exit Government
P4Change - Party 4: Enter/Exit Government
P5Change - Party 5: Enter/Exit Government
P6Change - Party 6: Enter/Exit Government
P7Change - Party 7: Enter/Exit Government
P8Change - Party 8: Enter/Exit Government
P9Change - Party 9: Enter/Exit Government
P10Change - Party 10: Enter/Exit Government
expert - Expert Reference number
election - Election country and date
country - Country Name
ccode - COW country code
Refno - Norris country identifier
year - year
date - Date of the election
office - Elected office: Pres.=1, 0 otherwise
COUNTRYDATA - COUNTRY DATA
PR - Freedom House Political Rights Scale
CL - Freedom House Civil Liberties Scale
fhcategory - Freedom House Category (Free,Partly Free,Not Free)
polity - Polity combined score (-10->+10), 2013 obs have 2012 values
polity2 - Polity combined score with mean subst for missing codes, 2013 obs have 2012 valu
durable - # years since the last regime transition (3pt or greater), 2013 has 2012 values
development - World Bank income level (Low, lower-middle, upper-middle, high)
gni - Gross National Income, PPP, constant 2000 intl$, 2013 has 2012 values
region - Geographic region (UN classification, 1-5)
region9 - Geographic region (World Bank classification, 1-9)
oecd - OECD country (0/1)
OVERALLINTEGRITY - OVERALL INTEGRITY RATING
rating - Rate electoral integrity of the election (1=very poor->10=very good
PEIIndexp - PEI index of electoral integrity, individual
PEIIndexi - PEI index of electoral integrity, imputed
LAWS - ELECTORAL LAWS SECTION
lawsunfair - 1-1a. Electoral laws were unfair to smaller parties (1-5)[N]
lawsunfair2 - 1-1b. Electoral laws were unfair to smaller parties (Reversed coding)
favoredincumbent - 1-2a. Electoral laws favored the governing party or parties (1-5)[N]
favoredincumbent2 - 1-2b. Electoral laws favored the governing party or parties (Reversed coding)
citizens - 1-3a. Elections laws restricted citizens' rights (1-5)[N]
citizens2 - 1-3b. Elections laws restricted citizens' rights (Reversed coding)
laws - 1-4. Electoral laws index (20-100)
lawsi - 1-4i. Electoral laws index (20-100), imputed
PROCEDURES - ELECTORAL PROCEDURES SECTION
managed - 2-1. Elections were well managed (1-5)[P]
votinginfo - 2-2. Information about voting procedures was widely available (1-5)[P]
fairofficials - 2-3. Election officials were fair (1-5)[P]
legalelections - 2-4. Elections were conducted in accordance with the law (1-5)[P]
procedures - 2-5. Electoral procedures index (25-100)
proceduresi - 2-5i. Electoral procedures index (25-100), imputed
BOUNDARIES - BOUNDARIES FOR VOTING DISTRICTS SECTION
bdiscrim - 3-1a. Boundaries discriminated against some parties (1-5)[N]
bdiscrim2 - 3-1b. Boundaries discriminated against some parties (Reversed coding)
bfavored - 3-2a. Boundaries favored incumbents (1-5)[N]
bfavored2 - 3-2b. Boundaries favored incumbents (Reversed coding)
bimpartial - 3-3. Boundaries were impartial (1-5)[P]
boundaries - 3-4. Voting district boundaries index (20-100)
boundariesi - 3-4i. Voting district boundaries index (20-100), imputed
VOTERREGISTRATION - VOTER REGISTRATION SECTION
reglisted - 4-1a. Some citizens were not listed in the register (1-5)[N]
reglisted2 - 4-1b. Some citizens were not listed in the register (Reversed coding)
reginaccurate - 4-2a. The electoral register was inaccurate (1-5)[N]
reginaccurate2 - 4-2b. The electoral register was inaccurate (Reversed coding)
ineligible - 4-3a. Some ineligible electors were registered (1-5)[N]
ineligible2 - 4-3b. Some ineligible electors were registered (Reversed coding)
votereg - 4-4. Voter registration index (20-100)
voteregi - 4-4i. Voter registration index (20-100), imputed
PARTYREGISTRATION - PARTY AND CANDIDATE REGISTRATION SECTION
oppprevent - 5-1a. Some opposition candidates were prevented from running (1-5)[N]
oppprevent2 - 5-1b. Some opposition candidates were prevented from running (Reversed coding)
womenopp - 5-2. Women had equal opportunities to run for office (1-5)[P]
minorityopp - 5-3. Ethnic and national minorities had equal opportunities to run for office (1
leaderselect - 5-4a. Only top party leaders selected candidates (1-5)[N]
leaderselect2 - 5-4b. Only top party leaders selected candidates (Reversed coding)
rallies - 5-5a. Some parties/candidates were restricted from holding campaign rallies (1-5
rallies2 - 5-5b. Some parties/candidates were restricted from holding campaign rallies (Rev
partyreg - 5-6. Party and candidate registration index (20-100)
partyregi - 5-6i. Party and candidate registration index (20-100), imputed
MEDIACOVERAGE - MEDIA COVERAGE SECTION
newspapers - 6-1. Newspapers provided balanced election news (1-5)[P]
tv - 6-2a. TV news favored the governing party (1-5)[N]
tv2 - 6-2b. TV news favored the governing party (Reversed coding)
fairaccess - 6-3. Parties/candidates had fair access to political broadcasts and advertising
faircoverage - 6-4. Journalists provided fair coverage of the elections (1-5)[P]
socialmedia - 6-5. Social media were used to expose electoral fraud (1-5)[P]
media - 6-6. Media coverage index (20-100)
mediai - 6-6i. Media coverage index (20-100), imputed
CAMPAIGNFINANCE - CAMPAIGN FINANCE SECTION
subsidies - 7-1. Parties/candidates had equitable access to public political subsidies(1-5)[
donations - 7-2. Parties/candidates had equitable access to political donations(1-5)[P]
accounts - 7-3. Parties/candidates publish transparent financial accounts(1-5)[P]
rich - 7-4a. Rich people buy elections (1-5)[N]
rich2 - 7-4b. Rich people buy elections (Reversed coding)
resources - 7-5a. Some state resources were improperly used for campaigning (1-5)[N]
resources2 - 7-5b. Some state resources were improperly used for campaigning (Reversed coding
finance - 7-6. Campaign finance index (20-100)
financei - 7-6i. Campaign finance index (20-100), imputed
VOTINGPROCESS - VOTING PROCESS SECTION
violence - 8-1a. Some voters were threatened with violence at the polls(1-5)[N]
violence2 - 8-1b. Some voters were threatened with violence at the polls (Reversed coding)
fraudulent - 8-2a. Some fraudulent votes were cast (1-5)[N]
fraudulent2 - 8-2b. Some fraudulent votes were cast (Reversed coding)
easy - 8-3. The process of voting was easy (1-1)[Y]
choice - 8-4. Voters were offered a genuine choice at the ballot box (1-5)[P]
postal - 8-5. Postal ballots were available (1-5)[P]
disabled - 8-6. Special voting facilities were available for the disabled (1-5)[P]
expats - 8-7. National citizens living abroad could vote (1-5)[P]
internet - 8-8. Some form of internet voting was available (1-5)[P]
voting - 8-9. Voting process index (20-100)
votingi - 8-9i. Voting process index (20-100), imputed
VOTECOUNT - THE VOTE COUNT SECTION
secure - 9-1. Ballot boxes were secure (1-5)[P]
delay - 9-2. The results were announced without undue delay (1-5)[P]
faircount - 9-3. Votes were counted fairly (1-5)[P]
intlmonitors - 9-4a. Int'l election monitors were restricted (1-5)[N]
intlmonitors2 - 9-4b. Int'l election monitors were restricted (Reversed coding)
domesticmonitors - 9-5a. Domestic election monitors were restricted (1-5)[N]
domesticmonitors2 - 9-5b. Domestic election monitors were restricted (Reversed coding)
count - 9-6. Vote count index (20-100)
counti - 9-6i. Vote count index (20-100), imputed
VOTINGRESULTS - VOTING RESULTS SECTION
challenged - 10-1a. Parties/candidates challenged the results (1-5)[N]
challenged2 - 10-1b. Parties/candidates challenged the results (Reversed coding)
protestspeace - 10-2a. The election led to peaceful protests (1-5)[N]
protestspeace2 - 10-2b. The election led to peaceful protests (Reversed coding)
protestsviolent - 10-3a. The election triggered violent protests (1-5)[N]
protestsviolent2 - 10-3b. The election triggered violent protests (Reversed coding)
disputes - 10-4. Any disputes were resolved through legal channels (1-5)[P]
results - 10-5. Results index (25-100)
resultsi - 10-5i. Results index (25-100), imputed
ELECTIONAUTHORITIES - ELECTORAL AUTHORITIES SECTION
impartial - 11-1. The election authorities were impartial (1-5)[P]
info - 11-2. The authorities distributed information to citizens (1-5)[P]
scrutiny - 11-3. The authorities allowed public scrutiny of their performance (1-5)[P]
performance - 11-4. The election authorities performed well (1-5)[P]
EMBs - 11-5. Electoral authorities index (25-100)
EMBsi - 11-5i. Electoral authorities index (25-100), imputed
GENERALQUESTIONS - GENERAL ELECTION QUESTIONS
familiarity - 13-1. How familiar are you with elections in this country?
important - 13-2. Which election (if more than 1) was most important
ORGCONFIDENCE - ORGANIZATIONAL CONFIDENCE SECTION
courts - 14-1. Confidence in the courts (1=none - 10=a great deal)
government - 14-2. Confidence in the government (1=none - 10=a great deal)
parliament - 14-3. Confidence in the parliament (1=none - 10=a great deal)
armedforces - 14-4. Confidence in the armed forces (1=none - 10=a great deal)
police - 14-5. Confidence in the police (1=none - 10=a great deal)
electoralauth - 14-6. Confidence in the elect.authorities (1=none - 10=a great deal)
television - 14-7. Confidence in television (1=none - 10=a great deal)
press - 14-8. Confidence in the press (1=none - 10=a great deal)
parties - 14-9. Confidence in political parties (1=none - 10=a great deal)
BACKGROUND - EXPERT BACKGROUND SECTION
expertdomestic - 15-0. % domestic experts evaluation this election
employment - 15-1. Employment type
public - 15-2. Works (or has worked) in the government public sector
university - 15-3. Works (or has worked) in a university
nonprofit - 15-4. Works (or has worked) in private non-profit sector/NGOs
agency - 15-5. Works (or has worked) in an international agency
private - 15-6. Works (or has worked) in an private business or industry
occupation - 15-7. Most recent occupation
agegroup - 15-8. Expert's age group (by decade)
sex - 15-9. Sex (1=female; 0=male)
education - 15-10. Highest level of education
born - 15-11. Were you born in this country?
lived - 15-12. # years lived in this country
candidate - 15-13. Expert was a candidate for elected office
rep - 15-14. Expert was an elected representative
activist - 15-15. Expert was an election activist
ngo - 15-16. Expert was election NGO watch personnel
voted - 15-17. Expert voted in this election
norole - 15-18. Expert did not participate in any role in this election
monitor - 15-19. Expert was a national official electoral monitor
official - 15-20. Expert was an election official
citizen - 15-21. Expert is a citizen of this country
supported - 15-22. Support the winning or losing side
leftrightscale - 15-23. Political views on 10pt left/right scale
VIGNETTES - VIGNETTES SECTION
vignetteA - 16-1. Vignette A (Queues)
vignetteB - 16-2. Vignette B (Boycotts)
vignetteC - 16-3. Vignette C (Violence)
expert - Expert Reference number
election - Election country and date
country - Country Name
ccode - COW country code
Refno - Norris country identifier
year - year
date - Date of the election
office - Elected office: Pres.=1, 0 otherwise
COUNTRYDATA - COUNTRY DATA
PR - Freedom House Political Rights Scale
CL - Freedom House Civil Liberties Scale
fhcategory - Freedom House Category (Free,Partly Free,Not Free)
polity - Polity combined score (-10->+10), 2013 obs have 2012 values
polity2 - Polity combined score with mean subst for missing codes, 2013 obs have 2012 valu
durable - # years since the last regime transition (3pt or greater), 2013 has 2012 values
development - World Bank income level (Low, lower-middle, upper-middle, high)
gni - Gross National Income, PPP, constant 2000 intl$, 2013 has 2012 values
region - Geographic region (UN classification, 1-5)
region9 - Geographic region (World Bank classification, 1-9)
oecd - OECD country (0/1)
OVERALLINTEGRITY - OVERALL INTEGRITY RATING
rating - Rate electoral integrity of the election (1=very poor->10=very good
PEIIndexp - PEI index of electoral integrity, individual
PEIIndexi - PEI index of electoral integrity, imputed
LAWS - ELECTORAL LAWS SECTION
lawsunfair - 1-1a. Electoral laws were unfair to smaller parties (1-5)[N]
lawsunfair2 - 1-1b. Electoral laws were unfair to smaller parties (Reversed coding)
favoredincumbent - 1-2a. Electoral laws favored the governing party or parties (1-5)[N]
favoredincumbent2 - 1-2b. Electoral laws favored the governing party or parties (Reversed coding)
citizens - 1-3a. Elections laws restricted citizens' rights (1-5)[N]
citizens2 - 1-3b. Elections laws restricted citizens' rights (Reversed coding)
laws - 1-4. Electoral laws index (20-100)
lawsi - 1-4i. Electoral laws index (20-100), imputed
PROCEDURES - ELECTORAL PROCEDURES SECTION
managed - 2-1. Elections were well managed (1-5)[P]
votinginfo - 2-2. Information about voting procedures was widely available (1-5)[P]
fairofficials - 2-3. Election officials were fair (1-5)[P]
legalelections - 2-4. Elections were conducted in accordance with the law (1-5)[P]
procedures - 2-5. Electoral procedures index (25-100)
proceduresi - 2-5i. Electoral procedures index (25-100), imputed
BOUNDARIES - BOUNDARIES FOR VOTING DISTRICTS SECTION
bdiscrim - 3-1a. Boundaries discriminated against some parties (1-5)[N]
bdiscrim2 - 3-1b. Boundaries discriminated against some parties (Reversed coding)
bfavored - 3-2a. Boundaries favored incumbents (1-5)[N]
bfavored2 - 3-2b. Boundaries favored incumbents (Reversed coding)
bimpartial - 3-3. Boundaries were impartial (1-5)[P]
boundaries - 3-4. Voting district boundaries index (20-100)
boundariesi - 3-4i. Voting district boundaries index (20-100), imputed
VOTERREGISTRATION - VOTER REGISTRATION SECTION
reglisted - 4-1a. Some citizens were not listed in the register (1-5)[N]
reglisted2 - 4-1b. Some citizens were not listed in the register (Reversed coding)
reginaccurate - 4-2a. The electoral register was inaccurate (1-5)[N]
reginaccurate2 - 4-2b. The electoral register was inaccurate (Reversed coding)
ineligible - 4-3a. Some ineligible electors were registered (1-5)[N]
ineligible2 - 4-3b. Some ineligible electors were registered (Reversed coding)
votereg - 4-4. Voter registration index (20-100)
voteregi - 4-4i. Voter registration index (20-100), imputed
PARTYREGISTRATION - PARTY AND CANDIDATE REGISTRATION SECTION
oppprevent - 5-1a. Some opposition candidates were prevented from running (1-5)[N]
oppprevent2 - 5-1b. Some opposition candidates were prevented from running (Reversed coding)
womenopp - 5-2. Women had equal opportunities to run for office (1-5)[P]
minorityopp - 5-3. Ethnic and national minorities had equal opportunities to run for office (1
leaderselect - 5-4a. Only top party leaders selected candidates (1-5)[N]
leaderselect2 - 5-4b. Only top party leaders selected candidates (Reversed coding)
rallies - 5-5a. Some parties/candidates were restricted from holding campaign rallies (1-5
rallies2 - 5-5b. Some parties/candidates were restricted from holding campaign rallies (Rev
partyreg - 5-6. Party and candidate registration index (20-100)
partyregi - 5-6i. Party and candidate registration index (20-100), imputed
MEDIACOVERAGE - MEDIA COVERAGE SECTION
newspapers - 6-1. Newspapers provided balanced election news (1-5)[P]
tv - 6-2a. TV news favored the governing party (1-5)[N]
tv2 - 6-2b. TV news favored the governing party (Reversed coding)
fairaccess - 6-3. Parties/candidates had fair access to political broadcasts and advertising
faircoverage - 6-4. Journalists provided fair coverage of the elections (1-5)[P]
socialmedia - 6-5. Social media were used to expose electoral fraud (1-5)[P]
media - 6-6. Media coverage index (20-100)
mediai - 6-6i. Media coverage index (20-100), imputed
CAMPAIGNFINANCE - CAMPAIGN FINANCE SECTION
subsidies - 7-1. Parties/candidates had equitable access to public political subsidies(1-5)[
donations - 7-2. Parties/candidates had equitable access to political donations(1-5)[P]
accounts - 7-3. Parties/candidates publish transparent financial accounts(1-5)[P]
rich - 7-4a. Rich people buy elections (1-5)[N]
rich2 - 7-4b. Rich people buy elections (Reversed coding)
resources - 7-5a. Some state resources were improperly used for campaigning (1-5)[N]
resources2 - 7-5b. Some state resources were improperly used for campaigning (Reversed coding
finance - 7-6. Campaign finance index (20-100)
financei - 7-6i. Campaign finance index (20-100), imputed
VOTINGPROCESS - VOTING PROCESS SECTION
violence - 8-1a. Some voters were threatened with violence at the polls(1-5)[N]
violence2 - 8-1b. Some voters were threatened with violence at the polls (Reversed coding)
fraudulent - 8-2a. Some fraudulent votes were cast (1-5)[N]
fraudulent2 - 8-2b. Some fraudulent votes were cast (Reversed coding)
easy - 8-3. The process of voting was easy (1-1)[Y]
choice - 8-4. Voters were offered a genuine choice at the ballot box (1-5)[P]
postal - 8-5. Postal ballots were available (1-5)[P]
disabled - 8-6. Special voting facilities were available for the disabled (1-5)[P]
expats - 8-7. National citizens living abroad could vote (1-5)[P]
internet - 8-8. Some form of internet voting was available (1-5)[P]
voting - 8-9. Voting process index (20-100)
votingi - 8-9i. Voting process index (20-100), imputed
VOTECOUNT - THE VOTE COUNT SECTION
secure - 9-1. Ballot boxes were secure (1-5)[P]
delay - 9-2. The results were announced without undue delay (1-5)[P]
faircount - 9-3. Votes were counted fairly (1-5)[P]
intlmonitors - 9-4a. Int'l election monitors were restricted (1-5)[N]
intlmonitors2 - 9-4b. Int'l election monitors were restricted (Reversed coding)
domesticmonitors - 9-5a. Domestic election monitors were restricted (1-5)[N]
domesticmonitors2 - 9-5b. Domestic election monitors were restricted (Reversed coding)
count - 9-6. Vote count index (20-100)
counti - 9-6i. Vote count index (20-100), imputed
VOTINGRESULTS - VOTING RESULTS SECTION
challenged - 10-1a. Parties/candidates challenged the results (1-5)[N]
challenged2 - 10-1b. Parties/candidates challenged the results (Reversed coding)
protestspeace - 10-2a. The election led to peaceful protests (1-5)[N]
protestspeace2 - 10-2b. The election led to peaceful protests (Reversed coding)
protestsviolent - 10-3a. The election triggered violent protests (1-5)[N]
protestsviolent2 - 10-3b. The election triggered violent protests (Reversed coding)
disputes - 10-4. Any disputes were resolved through legal channels (1-5)[P]
results - 10-5. Results index (25-100)
resultsi - 10-5i. Results index (25-100), imputed
ELECTIONAUTHORITIES - ELECTORAL AUTHORITIES SECTION
impartial - 11-1. The election authorities were impartial (1-5)[P]
info - 11-2. The authorities distributed information to citizens (1-5)[P]
scrutiny - 11-3. The authorities allowed public scrutiny of their performance (1-5)[P]
performance - 11-4. The election authorities performed well (1-5)[P]
EMBs - 11-5. Electoral authorities index (25-100)
EMBsi - 11-5i. Electoral authorities index (25-100), imputed
GENERALQUESTIONS - GENERAL ELECTION QUESTIONS
familiarity - 13-1. How familiar are you with elections in this country?
important - 13-2. Which election (if more than 1) was most important
ORGCONFIDENCE - ORGANIZATIONAL CONFIDENCE SECTION
courts - 14-1. Confidence in the courts (1=none - 10=a great deal)
government - 14-2. Confidence in the government (1=none - 10=a great deal)
parliament - 14-3. Confidence in the parliament (1=none - 10=a great deal)
armedforces - 14-4. Confidence in the armed forces (1=none - 10=a great deal)
police - 14-5. Confidence in the police (1=none - 10=a great deal)
electoralauth - 14-6. Confidence in the elect.authorities (1=none - 10=a great deal)
television - 14-7. Confidence in television (1=none - 10=a great deal)
press - 14-8. Confidence in the press (1=none - 10=a great deal)
parties - 14-9. Confidence in political parties (1=none - 10=a great deal)
BACKGROUND - EXPERT BACKGROUND SECTION
expertdomestic - 15-0. % domestic experts evaluation this election
employment - 15-1. Employment type
public - 15-2. Works (or has worked) in the government public sector
university - 15-3. Works (or has worked) in a university
nonprofit - 15-4. Works (or has worked) in private non-profit sector/NGOs
agency - 15-5. Works (or has worked) in an international agency
private - 15-6. Works (or has worked) in an private business or industry
occupation - 15-7. Most recent occupation
agegroup - 15-8. Expert's age group (by decade)
sex - 15-9. Sex (1=female; 0=male)
education - 15-10. Highest level of education
born - 15-11. Were you born in this country?
lived - 15-12. # years lived in this country
candidate - 15-13. Expert was a candidate for elected office
rep - 15-14. Expert was an elected representative
activist - 15-15. Expert was an election activist
ngo - 15-16. Expert was election NGO watch personnel
voted - 15-17. Expert voted in this election
norole - 15-18. Expert did not participate in any role in this election
monitor - 15-19. Expert was a national official electoral monitor
official - 15-20. Expert was an election official
citizen - 15-21. Expert is a citizen of this country
supported - 15-22. Support the winning or losing side
leftrightscale - 15-23. Political views on 10pt left/right scale
VIGNETTES - VIGNETTES SECTION
vignetteA - 16-1. Vignette A (Queues)
vignetteB - 16-2. Vignette B (Boycotts)
vignetteC - 16-3. Vignette C (Violence)

Variables

Country name

f2458773 Location:

Variable Format: character

Notes: UNF:5:jVMPd73gwWu8Oww0kY5neQ==

COW country code

f2458773 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency	Text
740.	Japan	0
572.	Swaziland	0
350.	Greece	0
620.	Libya	0
317.	Slovakia	0
41.	Haiti	0
660.	Lebanon	0
52.	Trinidad & Tobago	0
591.	Seychelles	0
481.	Gabon	0
970.	Nauru	0
315.	Czechoslovakia	0
332.	Modena	0
702.	Tajikistan	0
947.	Tuvalu	0
240.	Hanover	0
232.	Andorra	0
55.	Grenada	0
373.	Azerbaijan	0
983.	Marshall Islands	0
370.	Belarus	0
316.	Czech Republic	0
380.	Sweden	0
600.	Morocco	0
385.	Norway	0
679.	Yemen	0
395.	Iceland	0
730.	Korea	0
553.	Malawi	0
570.	Lesotho	0
220.	France	0
433.	Senegal	0
329.	Two Sicilies	0
255.	Germany	0
349.	Slovenia	0
732.	Korea, Rep.	0
359.	Moldova	0
235.	Portugal	0
571.	Botswana	0
347.	Kosovo	0
775.	Myanmar	0
770.	Pakistan	0
93.	Nicaragua	0
820.	Malaysia	0
352.	Cyprus	0
698.	Oman	0
760.	Bhutan	0
211.	Belgium	0
750.	India	0
516.	Burundi	0
341.	Montenegro	0
490.	Congo, Dem. Rep.	0
366.	Estonia	0
2.	United States of America	0
625.	Sudan	0
54.	Dominica	0
367.	Latvia	0
331.	San Marino	0
500.	Uganda	0
130.	Ecuador	0
100.	Colombia	0
560.	South Africa	0
666.	Israel	0
450.	Liberia	0
94.	Costa Rica	0
346.	Bosnia & Herzegovina	0
434.	Benin	0
816.	Vietnam	0
420.	Gambia	0
338.	Malta	0
840.	Philippines	0
771.	Bangladesh	0
790.	Nepal	0
230.	Spain	0
581.	Comoros	0
92.	El Salvador	0
368.	Lithuania	0
696.	United Arab Emirates	0
626.	South Sudan	0
375.	Finland	0
652.	Syria	0
31.	Bahamas	0
140.	Brazil	0
935.	Vanuatu	0
20.	Canada	0
510.	Tanzania	0
165.	Uruguay	0
910.	Papua New Guinea	0
850.	Indonesia	0
483.	Chad	0
53.	Barbados	0
990.	Samoa	0
369.	Ukraine	0
940.	Solomon Islands	0
371.	Armenia	0
530.	Ethiopia	0
551.	Zambia	0
245.	Bavaria	0
705.	Kazakhstan	0
482.	Central African Republic	0
155.	Chile	0
692.	Bahrain	0
920.	New Zealand	0
403.	Sao Tome & Principe	0
565.	Namibia	0
310.	Hungary	0
663.	Jordan	0
645.	Iraq	0
365.	Russia	0
501.	Kenya	0
223.	Liechtenstein	0
343.	Macedonia	0
210.	Netherlands	0
337.	Tuscany	0
694.	Qatar	0
135.	Peru	0
812.	Laos	0
280.	Mecklenburg Schwerin	0
40.	Cuba	0
150.	Paraguay	0
95.	Panama	0
51.	Jamaica	0
58.	Antigua & Barbuda	0
703.	Kyrgyzstan	0
590.	Mauritius	0
517.	Rwanda	0
438.	Guinea	0
630.	Iran	0
531.	Eritrea	0
360.	Romania	0
615.	Algeria	0
950.	Fiji	0
60.	St. Kitts & Nevis	0
339.	Albania	0
212.	Luxembourg	0
404.	Guinea-Bissau	0
110.	Guyana	0
57.	St. Vincent & the Grenadines	0
436.	Niger	0
522.	Djibouti	0
335.	Parma	0
987.	Micronesia	0
267.	Baden	0
475.	Nigeria	0
91.	Honduras	0
200.	United Kingdom	0
712.	Mongolia	0
221.	Monaco	0
160.	Argentina	0
101.	Venezuela	0
80.	Belize	0
265.	German Democratic Republic	0
269.	Saxony	0
710.	China	0
327.	Papal States	0
372.	Georgia	0
390.	Denmark	0
56.	St. Lucia	0
986.	Palau	0
520.	Somalia	0
811.	Cambodia	0
260.	German Federal Republic	0
830.	Singapore	0
670.	Saudi Arabia	0
640.	Turkey	0
225.	Switzerland	0
704.	Uzbekistan	0
946.	Kiribati	0
402.	Cape Verde	0
300.	Austria-Hungary	0
701.	Turkmenistan	0
344.	Croatia	0
439.	Burkina Faso	0
616.	Tunisia	0
461.	Togo	0
115.	Suriname	0
651.	Egypt	0
731.	North Korea	0
541.	Mozambique	0
955.	Tonga	0
900.	Australia	0
471.	Cameroon	0
700.	Afghanistan	0
580.	Madagascar	0
42.	Dominican Republic	0
70.	Mexico	0
90.	Guatemala	0
451.	Sierra Leone	0
435.	Mauritania	0
860.	East Timor	0
713.	Taiwan	0
800.	Thailand	0
780.	Sri Lanka	0
411.	Equatorial Guinea	0
452.	Ghana	0
432.	Mali	0
540.	Angola	0
305.	Austria	0
552.	Zimbabwe	0
145.	Bolivia	0
817.	Vietnam, Rep.	0
781.	Maldives	0
205.	Ireland	0
835.	Brunei	0
690.	Kuwait	0
290.	Poland	0
437.	Cote d'Ivoire	0
325.	Italy	0
484.	Congo	0
355.	Bulgaria	0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:CSX6Uo2xLe5JZ/iYU03TGw==

Norris reference number

f2458773 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency	Text
119.	Myanmar	0
41.	Congo, Republic of	0
136.	Philippines	0
121.	Nauru	0
95.	Lebanon	0
122.	Nepal	0
60.	France	0
132.	Panama	0
181.	United States of America	0
14.	Bangladesh	0
110.	Mauritania	0
114.	Moldova	0
89.	Korea, DPR	0
162.	Swaziland	0
103.	Madagascar	0
2.	Albania	0
99.	Liechenstein	0
127.	Nigeria	0
17.	Belgium	0
102.	Macedonia	0
124.	New Zealand	0
81.	Israel	0
85.	Jordan	0
131.	Palau	0
164.	Switzerland	0
4.	Andorra	0
175.	Turkmenistan	0
123.	Netherlands	0
177.	Uganda	0
147.	Senegal	0
1.	Afghanistan	0
48.	Djibouti	0
176.	Tuvalu	0
53.	El Salvador	0
113.	Micronesia	0
169.	Thailand	0
134.	Paraguay	0
157.	Sri Lanka	0
93.	Laos	0
146.	Saudi Arabia	0
13.	Bahrain	0
23.	Botswana	0
36.	China	0
35.	Chile	0
107.	Mali	0
135.	Peru	0
150.	Singapore	0
73.	Honduras	0
188.	Yemen	0
165.	Syria	0
68.	Guatemala	0
30.	Cameroon	0
33.	Central African Republic	0
120.	Namibia	0
91.	Kuwait	0
12.	Bahamas	0
138.	Portugal	0
108.	Malta	0
118.	Mozambique	0
186.	Vietnam	0
112.	Mexico	0
155.	South Africa	0
97.	Liberia	0
43.	Croatia	0
154.	Somalia	0
19.	Benin	0
194.	Montenegro	0
92.	Kyrgyzstan	0
20.	Bhutan	0
117.	Morocco	0
3.	Algeria	0
160.	Sudan	0
72.	Haiti	0
79.	Iraq	0
58.	Fiji	0
87.	Kenya	0
45.	Cyprus	0
76.	India	0
161.	Suriname	0
7.	Argentina	0
128.	Norway	0
126.	Niger	0
182.	Uruguay	0
184.	Vanuatu	0
170.	Togo	0
178.	Ukraine	0
151.	Slovakia	0
83.	Jamaica	0
5.	Angola	0
16.	Belarus	0
125.	Nicaragua	0
52.	Egypt	0
21.	Bolivia	0
24.	Brazil	0
104.	Malawi	0
168.	Tanzania	0
51.	Ecuador	0
152.	Slovenia	0
6.	Antigua & Barbuda	0
105.	Malaysia	0
101.	Luxembourg	0
142.	Rwanda	0
27.	Burkina Faso	0
86.	Kazakhstan	0
111.	Mauritius	0
50.	Dominican Republic	0
179.	United Arab Emirates	0
192.	Timor Leste	0
44.	Cuba	0
183.	Uzbekistan	0
193.	Kosovo	0
187.	Samoa	0
100.	Lithuania	0
172.	Trinidad and Tobago	0
75.	Iceland	0
82.	Italy	0
28.	Burundi	0
62.	Gambia	0
66.	Greece	0
174.	Turkey	0
74.	Hungary	0
9.	Australia	0
71.	Guyana	0
40.	Costa Rica	0
130.	Pakistan	0
8.	Armenia	0
18.	Belize	0
54.	Equatorial Guinea	0
47.	Denmark	0
166.	Taiwan	0
189.	Serbia	0
94.	Latvia	0
64.	Germany	0
163.	Sweden	0
69.	Guinea Bissau	0
90.	Korea, Republic of	0
84.	Japan	0
55.	Eritrea	0
61.	Gabon	0
180.	United Kingdom	0
67.	Grenada	0
109.	Marshall Islands	0
133.	Papua New Guinea	0
156.	Spain	0
38.	Comoros	0
11.	Azerbaijan	0
32.	Cape Verde	0
159.	St. Vincent& Grenadine	0
29.	Cambodia	0
65.	Ghana	0
140.	Romania	0
63.	Georgia	0
39.	Congo, Democratic Republic of	0
34.	Chad	0
46.	Czech Republic	0
158.	St. Kitts & Nevis	0
115.	Monaco	0
143.	St. Lucia	0
77.	Indonesia	0
59.	Finland	0
173.	Tunisia	0
149.	Sierra Leone	0
15.	Barbados	0
139.	Qatar	0
56.	Estonia	0
106.	Maldives	0
98.	Libya	0
49.	Dominica	0
145.	Sao Tome & Principe	0
80.	Ireland	0
137.	Poland	0
191.	Zimbabwe	0
70.	Guinea	0
37.	Colombia	0
171.	Tonga	0
57.	Ethiopia	0
78.	Iran	0
88.	Kiribati	0
116.	Mongolia	0
185.	Venezuela	0
148.	Seychelles	0
144.	San Marino	0
190.	Zambia	0
129.	Oman	0
153.	Solomon Islands	0
22.	Bosnia & Herzegovina	0
96.	Lesotho	0
42.	Cote d'Ivoire	0
26.	Bulgaria	0
10.	Austria	0
141.	Russia	0
167.	Tajikistan	0
31.	Canada	0
25.	Brunei Darussalam	0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:4jTgc/lfPOCya1rBRbtl1w==

Legis.elec=0, 1=Pres, 2=both

f2458773 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency	Text
1.	Presidential	0
2.	Both Leg & Pres	0
0.	Legislative	0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:kgmISbw+A5iVKm2wpUpzNg==

PEI expert responses, by country (2012-2013)

f2458773 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:ZXMXFPe7lwanV7FezERUrw==

PEI experts invited, by country (2012-2013)

f2458773 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:CO9K4gqlbxP+nznv/34BCQ==

PEI response rate, by country (2012-2013)

f2458773 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:qpyCFf4iXGciTHByGDv1Ag==

COUNTRYDATA

f2458773 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:puq0Alp8nAh3VJ9uXXkPZg==

Freedom House Political Rights Scale

f2458773 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:AX7rprh8vq+lEZcohYmEbw==

Freedom House Civil Liberties Scale

f2458773 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:zw8slLU8ycF7P4dQq7dMmw==

Freedom House category (Free,Partially Free, Not Free)

f2458773 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency	Text
0.	Not Free	0
2.	Free	0
1.	Partly Free	0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:u40KXdg0/kFwlESaP6MIlw==

Polity combined score (-10->+10)

f2458773 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:NA7nH+cVXCEKP+gR2F9yog==

Polity combined score (-10>+10), mean substitution

f2458773 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:ARx+ona6KdgsQkmBJKMlhQ==

# years since last major Polity shift (+/- 3 pts)

f2458773 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:DjbGkgLXAmoDSAldiuyBBQ==

World Bank income level (Low, lower-middle, upper-middle, high)

f2458773 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency	Text
2.	Lower-middle	0
1.	low	0
4.	High	0
3.	Upper-middle	0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:4uK+QETgJYg5kkmhEKIMNw==

Gross National Income, PPP, constant 2000 intl$

f2458773 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:CxIg+AM75HxDUGGWKgz7WQ==

Geographic region (UN classification)

f2458773 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency	Text
5.	Oceania	0
3.	Asia	0
2.	Americas	0
1.	Africa	0
4.	Europe	0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:G9dfMroL7PD0rvk54weDdQ==

World Bank region (1-9)

f2458773 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency	Text
6.	Europe	0
2.	West Africa	0
3.	East Asia & Oceania	0
8.	North Africa	0
9.	Americas	0
5.	Eastern Europe & Central Asia	0
1.	Eastern & Southern Africa	0
7.	Middle East	0
4.	South Asia	0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:wjhPpZI3QfWndtM7cgUZ4g==

OECD country (0/1)

f2458773 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency	Text
1.	OECD	0
0.	non-OECD	0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:z5JrxgHR1EAuAwszqRZNnA==

(first) OVERALLINTEGRITY

f2458773 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:puq0Alp8nAh3VJ9uXXkPZg==

PEI index of electoral integrity, individual

f2458773 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:GKAivIiOeaFZ32A6QdPp4w==

PEI Index (individual), low ci

f2458773 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:LUPdmiSt2l0SX1uY8SsoZw==

PEI Index (individual), high ci

f2458773 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:ipEz5VSrFSo6KDrJt4eB7A==

PEI index of electoral integrity, imputed

f2458773 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:4u3NMUUmjGphLeCBnk8cRA==

PEI Index (imputed), low ci

f2458773 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:CWG4arYZhqM7SbSIo0nYVA==

PEI Index (imputed), high ci

f2458773 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:94q/aFI2KYKCXrms15QcLg==

Rank of countries according to PEI experts

f2458773 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:X1qPVGYEC8Ve+AcqgDXxRg==

PEI Index type (high, medium, low)

f2458773 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency	Text
3.	Low	0
2.	Medium	0
1.	High	0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:38j/XW/k06uGq6AT0tf9Gw==

Rate electoral integrity of the election (1=very poor->10=very good

f2458773 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:bNkC5pQvomazs6HCscSQvA==

Individuals' rating, low ci

f2458773 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:EEwhC//9YtMuzjzMIc57sw==

Individuals' rating, high ci

f2458773 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:hndEpVQXz5/Vs/0A//A4OA==

ELECTORAL LAWS SECTION

f2458773 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:puq0Alp8nAh3VJ9uXXkPZg==

1-1a. Electoral laws were unfair to smaller parties (1-5)[N]

f2458773 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:o0XFy29qMePNWcKa2MVDfg==

1-1b. Electoral laws were unfair to smaller parties (Reversed coding)

f2458773 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:zaPALVPIjD+qf0O7aUIJJA==

1-2a. Electoral laws favored the governing party or parties (1-5)[N]

f2458773 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:Koebed6m/MXDp18xc0NlVA==

1-2b. Electoral laws favored the governing party or parties (Reversed coding)

f2458773 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:wD7DMD1ZYGHy39FhoMnGIw==

1-3a. Elections laws restricted citizens' rights (1-5)[N]

f2458773 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:ppiHKxD3GhdRshOUX4SVkQ==

1-3b. Elections laws restricted citizens' rights (Reversed coding)

f2458773 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:s+EFrISM6ktJQ+n2VXSzWw==

1-4. Electoral laws index (20-100)

f2458773 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:oSBY2AgESIvagFzhG8SMvg==

1-4i. Electoral laws index (20-100), imputed

f2458773 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:FcTh+6WjuACYM+U9TZJn3g==

ELECTORAL PROCEDURES SECTION

f2458773 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:puq0Alp8nAh3VJ9uXXkPZg==

2-1. Elections were well managed (1-5)[P]

f2458773 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:2QaL4tb5dYPBNwZAEppdoQ==

2-2. Information about voting procedures was widely available (1-5)[P]

f2458773 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:sJPYs6YhlPolVTyud44vWg==

2-3. Election officials were fair (1-5)[P]

f2458773 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:ez4OX+bpJJbWYiFzUFKcrw==

2-4. Elections were conducted in accordance with the law (1-5)[P]

f2458773 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:6cNyJD1RMgUow9UkHKv1Bg==

2-5. Electoral procedures index (25-100)

f2458773 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:75K1hQzFpWf8i+tolF7azw==

2-5i. Electoral procedures index (25-100), imputed

f2458773 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:VprpwFyDuMq8zk4WLLK0Bw==

BOUNDARIES FOR VOTING DISTRICTS SECTION

f2458773 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:puq0Alp8nAh3VJ9uXXkPZg==

3-1a. Boundaries discriminated against some parties (1-5)[N]

f2458773 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:hShe4N/RD25f2jFXugLa4A==

3-1b. Boundaries discriminated against some parties (Reversed coding)

f2458773 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:BKkK0DE/dQwf3J3FKWNIJg==

3-2a. Boundaries favored incumbents (1-5)[N]

f2458773 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:HKQ+NWaU/sUk5/Zs65uJ0w==

3-2b. Boundaries favored incumbents (Reversed coding)

f2458773 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:ALF0REe49PCjgRUcQZRQ+A==

3-3. Boundaries were impartial (1-5)[P]

f2458773 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:+H2hrrdHvJIHXGbBLD6Xvw==

3-4. Voting district boundaries index (20-100)

f2458773 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:m9PhpWtuLWQgZtGrPAzqSg==

3-4i. Voting district boundaries index (20-100), imputed

f2458773 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:TcPvipAuP7DHJbYNMahBeg==

VOTER REGISTRATION SECTION

f2458773 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:puq0Alp8nAh3VJ9uXXkPZg==

4-1a. Some citizens were not listed in the register (1-5)[N]

f2458773 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:zRx1zHqxMhcX/QHGqQ5a9A==

4-1b. Some citizens were not listed in the register (Reversed coding)

f2458773 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:0DSKWepulDUZAykdKua4Bw==

4-2a. The electoral register was inaccurate (1-5)[N]

f2458773 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:6TguE1z7ntNGiTDK3tXpWg==

4-2b. The electoral register was inaccurate (Reversed coding)

f2458773 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:43aPOy2S1d1UBgtUjtRYdQ==

4-3a. Some ineligible electors were registered (1-5)[N]

f2458773 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:+6GBPfBmCRhUdq1+E7c+FQ==

4-3b. Some ineligible electors were registered (Reversed coding)

f2458773 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:l5dHI6Y3d98WWPaAcnJsCQ==

4-4. Voter registration index (20-100)

f2458773 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:bT1enkHkbhDqLNz1KWVeEw==

4-4i. Voter registration index (20-100), imputed

f2458773 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:FEbXFLjJ9mfjRLSp2FIwpw==

PARTY AND CANDIDATE REGISTRATION SECTION

f2458773 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:puq0Alp8nAh3VJ9uXXkPZg==

5-1a. Some opposition candidates were prevented from running (1-5)[N]

f2458773 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:j/8gzZAnbIRVlrViUvlxKg==

5-1b. Some opposition candidates were prevented from running (Reversed coding)

f2458773 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:UNrZD65Vf8mxu/vo9WAY1Q==

5-2. Women had equal opportunities to run for office (1-5)[P]

f2458773 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:w5H9WX+/zjicWZ9je9MCkA==

5-3. Ethnic and national minorities had equal opportunities to run for office (1

f2458773 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:AEE5AsNx9boRFk3kjTV5ZA==

5-4a. Only top party leaders selected candidates (1-5)[N]

f2458773 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:s04YbnJYwRvmGFzE5pkAOw==

5-4b. Only top party leaders selected candidates (Reversed coding)

f2458773 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:4O7Ops/ojDOdbnDJokrwWg==

5-5a. Some parties/candidates were restricted from holding campaign rallies (1-5

f2458773 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:gJaZEZ3kAhYMjpI1cOXylA==

5-5b. Some parties/candidates were restricted from holding campaign rallies (Rev

f2458773 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:mVeetRgYSK+oyZkenMAGAQ==

5-6. Party and candidate registration index (20-100)

f2458773 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:SS0P5RvVjWZfalsnQrgUAg==

5-6i. Party and candidate registration index (20-100), imputed

f2458773 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:7Nbb0y1njj1bOfWwK2MQRg==

MEDIA COVERAGE SECTION

f2458773 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:puq0Alp8nAh3VJ9uXXkPZg==

6-1. Newspapers provided balanced election news (1-5)[P]

f2458773 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:aLMfp1V6zKdnXw18Wb9Bcw==

6-2a. TV news favored the governing party (1-5)[N]

f2458773 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:eV8ce+2fxqB1TVnlOZK+nA==

6-2b. TV news favored the governing party (Reversed coding)

f2458773 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:NqKcOkufAV7HJkhoBpsbbw==

6-3. Parties/candidates had fair access to political broadcasts and advertising

f2458773 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:NIU3K+8KNJTV9OB9xQu4Qg==

6-4. Journalists provided fair coverage of the elections (1-5)[P]

f2458773 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:jhcCy0bAa9Gm47KEUxD/mQ==

6-5. Social media were used to expose electoral fraud (1-5)[P]

f2458773 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:MtgufVe9X5HdLEXZOkuOog==

6-6. Media coverage index (20-100)

f2458773 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:zI+6xu5FtSq4eop9TfELIg==

6-6i. Media coverage index (20-100), imputed

f2458773 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:gBp/j2aZeqkTkckfgf1QYw==

CAMPAIGN FINANCE SECTION

f2458773 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:puq0Alp8nAh3VJ9uXXkPZg==

7-1. Parties/candidates had equitable access to public political subsidies(1-5)[

f2458773 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:x1ISIBY3GPI+aOymOfAKEg==

7-2. Parties/candidates had equitable access to political donations(1-5)[P]

f2458773 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:5sxsgehHNjbC5CVshMbFng==

7-3. Parties/candidates publish transparent financial accounts(1-5)[P]

f2458773 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:/kwmgSdgwmib4QaYQhMlnQ==

7-4a. Rich people buy elections (1-5)[N]

f2458773 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:qaTurC65Z7tSVhC4oXf2xw==

7-4b. Rich people buy elections (Reversed coding)

f2458773 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:DszzihwocDbsqVkyHloATQ==

7-5a. Some state resources were improperly used for campaigning (1-5)[N]

f2458773 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:GbcRwYL//PSMCXRD+vlSmw==

7-5b. Some state resources were improperly used for campaigning (Reversed coding

f2458773 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:OGUOPM1qcUhiDtfzXxUf8g==

7-6. Campaign finance index (20-100)

f2458773 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:lCPbWZ8ZvnziiCvKj1L/EA==

7-6i. Campaign finance index (20-100), imputed

f2458773 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:AY7DMYsujxrGVKoqUJ6KPg==

VOTING PROCESS SECTION

f2458773 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:puq0Alp8nAh3VJ9uXXkPZg==

8-1a. Some voters were threatened with violence at the polls(1-5)[N]

f2458773 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:NiZNhAVODfKe/IC161q4TQ==

8-1b. Some voters were threatened with violence at the polls (Reversed coding)

f2458773 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:zfTlZ6EnVTQh7iQdzzelWQ==

8-2a. Some fraudulent votes were cast (1-5)[N]

f2458773 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:Yf8gQF786tDngyDCp8JzXw==

8-2b. Some fraudulent votes were cast (Reversed coding)

f2458773 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:dC+gUpDQjPsp8tHUU1Pz6Q==

8-3. The process of voting was easy (1-1)[Y]

f2458773 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:evWOfEGUXoWzVLeijIVoGw==

8-4. Voters were offered a genuine choice at the ballot box (1-5)[P]

f2458773 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:fhjleNPfNNUqL6U3o+CHog==

8-5. Postal ballots were available (1-5)[P]

f2458773 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:CWZd7EtY8q4mi2blRv4XiA==

8-6. Special voting facilities were available for the disabled (1-5)[P]

f2458773 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:rECSVSaV0dOppvRqRUKtZw==

8-7. National citizens living abroad could vote (1-5)[P]

f2458773 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:g9GBzIGcBgBHBAc+zkr9Qg==

8-8. Some form of internet voting was available (1-5)[P]

f2458773 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:pHzKbsJJO6zoTCfQTUQR2A==

8-9. Voting process index (20-100)

f2458773 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:EeIZbZ23y1fRbFRxRLPAaQ==

8-9i. Voting process index (20-100), imputed

f2458773 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:dy3OzulTa0b6KFC17o/beQ==

THE VOTE COUNT SECTION

f2458773 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:puq0Alp8nAh3VJ9uXXkPZg==

9-1. Ballot boxes were secure (1-5)[P]

f2458773 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:XgUC+jQ2BK8uVG49dfV8SQ==

9-2. The results were announced without undue delay (1-5)[P]

f2458773 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:V5SaCAGqG9nBdQypjxuarw==

9-3. Votes were counted fairly (1-5)[P]

f2458773 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:SHVgegImRBWt6vZWkBleUw==

9-4a. Int'l election monitors were restricted (1-5)[N]

f2458773 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:2Wnn45MuhsDPy3tJcind9Q==

9-4b. Int'l election monitors were restricted (Reversed coding)

f2458773 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:vQsflTKGUiq3NZLIMdjQYQ==

9-5a. Domestic election monitors were restricted (1-5)[N]

f2458773 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:SdXyfXLtSAsSVFjVCz7Cpg==

9-5b. Domestic election monitors were restricted (Reversed coding)

f2458773 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:qs0/LTte6pDSmiwigGi2kA==

9-6. Vote count index (20-100)

f2458773 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:6+HOYn7fYdUvFr4R2nqFFg==

9-6i. Vote count index (20-100), imputed

f2458773 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:t3C8IjsaeERMttqkk56Ytg==

VOTING RESULTS SECTION

f2458773 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:puq0Alp8nAh3VJ9uXXkPZg==

10-1a. Parties/candidates challenged the results (1-5)[N]

f2458773 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:zndZFvvtaZ2Hv6nsF7m8aA==

10-1b. Parties/candidates challenged the results (Reversed coding)

f2458773 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:T6ZLb8w6QxrsYOeiuDqIMw==

10-2a. The election led to peaceful protests (1-5)[N]

f2458773 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:y9+Dj0aHbxnq5flRoo9whA==

10-2b. The election led to peaceful protests (Reversed coding)

f2458773 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:fqJovA+v0oI8BaY9NnxGtw==

10-3a. The election triggered violent protests (1-5)[N]

f2458773 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:qUhqWUFAi/1FvXV1bkn9LA==

10-3b. The election triggered violent protests (Reversed coding)

f2458773 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:RPn1Bg2PqKt/Jw8DvvwFJQ==

10-4. Any disputes were resolved through legal channels (1-5)[P]

f2458773 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:AD7TJM1LhbFrpnbfS+hvSA==

10-5. Results index (25-100)

f2458773 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:iXDKTbqaqPIvAdAOSUoNbw==

10-5i. Results index (25-100), imputed

f2458773 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:aBr1D9kwST7+KhRP8sZAWg==

ELECTORAL AUTHORITIES SECTION

f2458773 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:puq0Alp8nAh3VJ9uXXkPZg==

11-1. The election authorities were impartial (1-5)[P]

f2458773 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:I5JGrSearp7C7tPyE9ntsQ==

11-2. The authorities distributed information to citizens (1-5)[P]

f2458773 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:WhaKk4mIdXJ8aQRbc8p1iw==

11-3. The authorities allowed public scrutiny of their performance (1-5)[P]

f2458773 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:xMP8Q7RIl6YYrTnjL5hEog==

11-4. The election authorities performed well (1-5)[P]

f2458773 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:mW7dO+MbHuOzXD+QTr7S4w==

11-5. Electoral authorities index (25-100)

f2458773 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:3Z0F9keNPFk3oKq0UVCFSg==

11-5i. Electoral authorities index (25-100), imputed

f2458773 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:+WxI7gHix6w6akxWdP1zVQ==

GENERAL ELECTION QUESTIONS

f2458773 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:puq0Alp8nAh3VJ9uXXkPZg==

13-1. How familiar are you with elections in this country?

f2458773 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:fPzvus+kCJw328prxohlhA==

13-2. Which election (if more than 1) was most important

f2458773 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:sndCjODPhhQILg4eyoUS2A==

ORGANIZATIONAL CONFIDENCE SECTION

f2458773 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:puq0Alp8nAh3VJ9uXXkPZg==

14-1. Confidence in the courts (1=none - 10=a great deal)

f2458773 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:819fl71zuYQq+hza/bUTjw==

14-2. Confidence in the government (1=none - 10=a great deal)

f2458773 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:YY4SghR8e8aCudLirT+72g==

14-3. Confidence in the parliament (1=none - 10=a great deal)

f2458773 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:d6t26jF2/uh5lv5T/SYXtw==

14-4. Confidence in the armed forces (1=none - 10=a great deal)

f2458773 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:ruW+RDC8a00djBfkho7ekw==

14-5. Confidence in the police (1=none - 10=a great deal)

f2458773 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:4JJ0RV1fSOLXG4J/wN3EoA==

14-6. Confidence in the elect.authorities (1=none - 10=a great deal)

f2458773 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:FbaTfUzWxSNeVIbmg536Aw==

14-7. Confidence in television (1=none - 10=a great deal)

f2458773 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:3FHvm3pGNpC9m1WnPqoMLw==

14-8. Confidence in the press (1=none - 10=a great deal)

f2458773 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:v15S+E+/Gz+8s4LsYVBm8A==

14-9. Confidence in political parties (1=none - 10=a great deal)

f2458773 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:yD5ahqwyun5eGRP5IX2J2Q==

EXPERT BACKGROUND SECTION

f2458773 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:puq0Alp8nAh3VJ9uXXkPZg==

% domestic experts surveyed in this country

f2458773 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:j/1Th88m7UbNvBJ4w8rZHA==

15-1. Employment type

f2458773 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:aYVgKizRkVX6hGG3ObI5aA==

15-2. Works (or has worked) in the government public sector

f2458773 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:66m7R04nLp/Pg+C1yKeHCw==

15-3. Works (or has worked) in a university

f2458773 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:9re60HOuEw9fzyVFEdbRdw==

15-4. Works (or has worked) in private non-profit sector/NGOs

f2458773 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:hlFOVGOi3+BNAYG6i/7pXg==

15-5. Works (or has worked) in an international agency

f2458773 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:Fb8BC8OwgDgN84w/A5AGWw==

15-6. Works (or has worked) in an private business or industry

f2458773 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:q8f09aSMGHjnIbtH0qIxrA==

15-7. Most recent occupation

f2458773 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:W4SkXFE16qAMGEb27W8aLA==

15-8. Expert's age group (by decade)

f2458773 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:+DxUG2/j+Pgv2fJbFIQWhQ==

15-9. Sex (1=female; 0=male)

f2458773 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:BsuK42WZ/r9JAs+vrLSHuw==

15-10. Highest level of education

f2458773 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:uX4k7S0kz21iycpiJ1tneg==

15-11. Were you born in this country?

f2458773 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:eMpY0LBBCkueYgJ4I6jBQg==

15-12. # years lived in this country

f2458773 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:pF6iE6HRs6mbVKctFu/G1A==

15-13. Expert was a candidate for elected office

f2458773 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:Tjnk0KhoGkQ4Ul4hRCaVAw==

15-14. Expert was an elected representative

f2458773 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:3N0kZhgzAcv1NOwaLe5Cew==

15-15. Expert was an election activist

f2458773 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:42YmVhs01xDlMGU8H4MhNQ==

15-16. Expert was election NGO watch personnel

f2458773 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:QooVRJbdbY/11/DHRy/kgQ==

15-17. Expert voted in this election

f2458773 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:HBkbX0zGJU3st4QT8iHtEQ==

15-18. Expert did not participate in any role in this election

f2458773 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:ebZ2wAdTbCId4+JRNTMm9A==

15-19. Expert was a national official electoral monitor

f2458773 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:2n9dC8NtpJhSn5Vrop2Paw==

15-20. Expert was an election official

f2458773 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:/sgNNVVKSHNuRoo1B2Ye9w==

15-21. Expert is a citizen of this country

f2458773 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:QQjfa0UbEBSjMx8ac+UrGA==

15-22. Support the winning or losing side

f2458773 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:QiziJb10KS6bczRzXeT6ZA==

15-23. Political views on 10pt left/right scale

f2458773 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:2WVi3UISBiN4rwq0dRfbUQ==

VIGNETTES SECTION

f2458773 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:puq0Alp8nAh3VJ9uXXkPZg==

16-1. Vignette A (Queues)

f2458773 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:HJQTnxiBNv6O0NVxYHcGNg==

16-2. Vignette B (Boycotts)

f2458773 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:NTkH4EYhp/MWiC8NJGTbjA==

16-3. Vignette C (Violence)

f2458773 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:xs21n6RzqMdI5tY1W/8I2Q==

ELECTIONRESULT

f2458773 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:puq0Alp8nAh3VJ9uXXkPZg==

Date of previous election

f2458773 Location:

Variable Format: character

Notes: UNF:5:nLZANx6CT5090v/KCuIbxA==

Registered Voters (mean value if more than one election in year)

f2458773 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:Ii2QJX2lnN2IBe5IFeXv3w==

Valid Votes(mean value if more than one election in year)

f2458773 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:p0NI0hFugjyh6nSyvUMmaA==

Invalid/Blank Votes(mean value if more than one election in year)

f2458773 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:i5xkia15NYK8gzDS9Ieavw==

Turnout (mean value if more than one election in year)

f2458773 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:PoVK7HKxIYaw6hfl4VOBPQ==

Country name

f2458926 Location:

Variable Format: character

Notes: UNF:5:jVMPd73gwWu8Oww0kY5neQ==

COW country code

f2458926 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency
402.	Cape Verde	0
434.	Benin	0
101.	Venezuela	1
305.	Austria	1
60.	St. Kitts & Nevis	0
317.	Slovakia	0
367.	Latvia	0
560.	South Africa	0
692.	Bahrain	0
385.	Norway	1
90.	Guatemala	0
620.	Libya	0
552.	Zimbabwe	1
501.	Kenya	1
551.	Zambia	0
616.	Tunisia	0
702.	Tajikistan	1
471.	Cameroon	1
373.	Azerbaijan	1
337.	Tuscany	0
436.	Niger	0
775.	Myanmar	0
660.	Lebanon	0
235.	Portugal	0
110.	Guyana	0
212.	Luxembourg	0
53.	Barbados	1
223.	Liechtenstein	0
698.	Oman	0
100.	Colombia	0
349.	Slovenia	1
372.	Georgia	1
150.	Paraguay	1
350.	Greece	0
516.	Burundi	0
265.	German Democratic Republic	0
704.	Uzbekistan	0
20.	Canada	0
816.	Vietnam	0
245.	Bavaria	0
432.	Mali	1
404.	Guinea-Bissau	0
341.	Montenegro	1
830.	Singapore	0
347.	Kosovo	0
771.	Bangladesh	0
232.	Andorra	0
910.	Papua New Guinea	0
781.	Maldives	1
690.	Kuwait	1
130.	Ecuador	1
800.	Thailand	0
451.	Sierra Leone	1
712.	Mongolia	1
135.	Peru	0
705.	Kazakhstan	0
450.	Liberia	0
590.	Mauritius	0
740.	Japan	1
267.	Baden	0
260.	German Federal Republic	0
91.	Honduras	1
395.	Iceland	1
352.	Cyprus	1
42.	Dominican Republic	0
679.	Yemen	0
221.	Monaco	0
670.	Saudi Arabia	0
335.	Parma	0
553.	Malawi	0
970.	Nauru	0
57.	St. Vincent & the Grenadines	0
438.	Guinea	1
780.	Sri Lanka	0
666.	Israel	1
860.	East Timor	0
580.	Madagascar	1
94.	Costa Rica	0
955.	Tonga	0
371.	Armenia	1
760.	Bhutan	1
531.	Eritrea	0
640.	Turkey	0
530.	Ethiopia	0
160.	Argentina	1
343.	Macedonia	0
461.	Togo	1
54.	Dominica	0
95.	Panama	0
325.	Italy	1
900.	Australia	1
731.	North Korea	0
817.	Vietnam, Rep.	0
269.	Saxony	0
411.	Equatorial Guinea	1
475.	Nigeria	0
820.	Malaysia	1
365.	Russia	0
840.	Philippines	1
255.	Germany	1
240.	Hanover	0
625.	Sudan	0
663.	Jordan	1
700.	Afghanistan	0
540.	Angola	1
310.	Hungary	0
946.	Kiribati	0
571.	Botswana	0
510.	Tanzania	0
70.	Mexico	1
140.	Brazil	0
750.	India	0
626.	South Sudan	0
572.	Swaziland	1
211.	Belgium	0
482.	Central African Republic	0
651.	Egypt	0
983.	Marshall Islands	0
370.	Belarus	1
390.	Denmark	0
300.	Austria-Hungary	0
452.	Ghana	1
812.	Laos	0
790.	Nepal	1
645.	Iraq	0
40.	Cuba	1
56.	St. Lucia	0
92.	El Salvador	0
591.	Seychelles	0
987.	Micronesia	1
115.	Suriname	0
403.	Sao Tome & Principe	0
986.	Palau	0
332.	Modena	0
52.	Trinidad & Tobago	0
710.	China	0
950.	Fiji	0
375.	Finland	0
280.	Mecklenburg Schwerin	0
145.	Bolivia	0
41.	Haiti	0
703.	Kyrgyzstan	0
355.	Bulgaria	1
80.	Belize	0
205.	Ireland	0
344.	Croatia	0
437.	Cote d'Ivoire	0
652.	Syria	0
730.	Korea	0
58.	Antigua & Barbuda	0
339.	Albania	1
990.	Samoa	0
483.	Chad	0
581.	Comoros	0
2.	United States of America	1
220.	France	0
947.	Tuvalu	0
565.	Namibia	0
316.	Czech Republic	1
940.	Solomon Islands	0
290.	Poland	0
600.	Morocco	0
920.	New Zealand	0
366.	Estonia	0
346.	Bosnia & Herzegovina	0
490.	Congo, Dem. Rep.	0
630.	Iran	1
55.	Grenada	1
570.	Lesotho	0
615.	Algeria	0
331.	San Marino	0
517.	Rwanda	1
360.	Romania	1
420.	Gambia	0
541.	Mozambique	0
770.	Pakistan	1
433.	Senegal	0
315.	Czechoslovakia	0
327.	Papal States	0
811.	Cambodia	1
380.	Sweden	0
500.	Uganda	0
210.	Netherlands	1
51.	Jamaica	0
435.	Mauritania	1
850.	Indonesia	0
439.	Burkina Faso	1
701.	Turkmenistan	1
520.	Somalia	0
696.	United Arab Emirates	0
481.	Gabon	0
713.	Taiwan	0
155.	Chile	1
329.	Two Sicilies	0
935.	Vanuatu	0
732.	Korea, Rep.	1
31.	Bahamas	0
165.	Uruguay	0
225.	Switzerland	0
368.	Lithuania	1
694.	Qatar	0
369.	Ukraine	1
522.	Djibouti	1
338.	Malta	1
93.	Nicaragua	0
200.	United Kingdom	0
835.	Brunei	0
359.	Moldova	0
484.	Congo	1
230.	Spain	0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:CSX6Uo2xLe5JZ/iYU03TGw==

Norris reference number

f2458926 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency
157.	Sri Lanka	0
148.	Seychelles	0
80.	Ireland	0
91.	Kuwait	1
21.	Bolivia	0
172.	Trinidad and Tobago	0
167.	Tajikistan	1
39.	Congo, Democratic Republic of	0
113.	Micronesia	1
114.	Moldova	0
71.	Guyana	0
163.	Sweden	0
100.	Lithuania	1
17.	Belgium	0
182.	Uruguay	0
143.	St. Lucia	0
108.	Malta	1
49.	Dominica	0
173.	Tunisia	0
129.	Oman	0
22.	Bosnia & Herzegovina	0
61.	Gabon	0
186.	Vietnam	0
161.	Suriname	0
178.	Ukraine	1
104.	Malawi	0
79.	Iraq	0
37.	Colombia	0
3.	Algeria	0
184.	Vanuatu	0
63.	Georgia	1
162.	Swaziland	1
132.	Panama	0
150.	Singapore	0
24.	Brazil	0
50.	Dominican Republic	0
117.	Morocco	0
1.	Afghanistan	0
94.	Latvia	0
124.	New Zealand	0
190.	Zambia	0
52.	Egypt	0
60.	France	0
187.	Samoa	0
46.	Czech Republic	1
15.	Barbados	1
169.	Thailand	0
149.	Sierra Leone	1
166.	Taiwan	0
128.	Norway	1
13.	Bahrain	0
154.	Somalia	0
40.	Costa Rica	0
28.	Burundi	0
98.	Libya	0
127.	Nigeria	0
121.	Nauru	0
77.	Indonesia	0
27.	Burkina Faso	1
134.	Paraguay	1
123.	Netherlands	1
140.	Romania	1
119.	Myanmar	0
164.	Switzerland	0
144.	San Marino	0
75.	Iceland	1
82.	Italy	1
45.	Cyprus	1
25.	Brunei Darussalam	0
26.	Bulgaria	1
125.	Nicaragua	0
97.	Liberia	0
48.	Djibouti	1
73.	Honduras	1
81.	Israel	1
51.	Ecuador	1
145.	Sao Tome & Principe	0
65.	Ghana	1
10.	Austria	1
41.	Congo, Republic of	1
19.	Benin	0
70.	Guinea	1
176.	Tuvalu	0
101.	Luxembourg	0
109.	Marshall Islands	0
87.	Kenya	1
84.	Japan	1
151.	Slovakia	0
142.	Rwanda	1
78.	Iran	1
36.	China	0
95.	Lebanon	0
168.	Tanzania	0
165.	Syria	0
93.	Laos	0
23.	Botswana	0
90.	Korea, Republic of	1
18.	Belize	0
38.	Comoros	0
153.	Solomon Islands	0
194.	Montenegro	1
83.	Jamaica	0
115.	Monaco	0
111.	Mauritius	0
175.	Turkmenistan	1
69.	Guinea Bissau	0
130.	Pakistan	1
160.	Sudan	0
141.	Russia	0
159.	St. Vincent& Grenadine	0
112.	Mexico	1
8.	Armenia	1
34.	Chad	0
146.	Saudi Arabia	0
64.	Germany	1
116.	Mongolia	1
67.	Grenada	1
12.	Bahamas	0
47.	Denmark	0
137.	Poland	0
11.	Azerbaijan	1
76.	India	0
6.	Antigua & Barbuda	0
4.	Andorra	0
88.	Kiribati	0
31.	Canada	0
99.	Liechenstein	0
74.	Hungary	0
89.	Korea, DPR	0
16.	Belarus	1
110.	Mauritania	1
177.	Uganda	0
152.	Slovenia	1
54.	Equatorial Guinea	1
29.	Cambodia	1
56.	Estonia	0
59.	Finland	0
118.	Mozambique	0
96.	Lesotho	0
57.	Ethiopia	0
86.	Kazakhstan	0
7.	Argentina	1
185.	Venezuela	1
158.	St. Kitts & Nevis	0
183.	Uzbekistan	0
5.	Angola	1
126.	Niger	0
122.	Nepal	1
189.	Serbia	0
131.	Palau	0
92.	Kyrgyzstan	0
9.	Australia	1
147.	Senegal	0
43.	Croatia	0
107.	Mali	1
53.	El Salvador	0
14.	Bangladesh	0
20.	Bhutan	1
103.	Madagascar	1
32.	Cape Verde	0
139.	Qatar	0
156.	Spain	0
30.	Cameroon	1
66.	Greece	0
170.	Togo	1
72.	Haiti	0
180.	United Kingdom	0
68.	Guatemala	0
155.	South Africa	0
192.	Timor Leste	0
85.	Jordan	1
105.	Malaysia	1
33.	Central African Republic	0
102.	Macedonia	0
55.	Eritrea	0
193.	Kosovo	0
174.	Turkey	0
138.	Portugal	0
136.	Philippines	1
106.	Maldives	1
2.	Albania	1
42.	Cote d'Ivoire	0
35.	Chile	1
44.	Cuba	1
133.	Papua New Guinea	0
188.	Yemen	0
181.	United States of America	1
171.	Tonga	0
179.	United Arab Emirates	0
58.	Fiji	0
135.	Peru	0
191.	Zimbabwe	1
120.	Namibia	0
62.	Gambia	0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:4jTgc/lfPOCya1rBRbtl1w==

Legis.elec=0, 1=Pres, 2=both

f2458926 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency
0.	Legislative	42
1.	Presidential	21
2.	Both Leg & Pres	3

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:kgmISbw+A5iVKm2wpUpzNg==

PEI expert responses, by country (2012-2013)

f2458926 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:ZXMXFPe7lwanV7FezERUrw==

PEI experts invited, by country (2012-2013)

f2458926 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:CO9K4gqlbxP+nznv/34BCQ==

PEI response rate, by country (2012-2013)

f2458926 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:qpyCFf4iXGciTHByGDv1Ag==

COUNTRYDATA

f2458926 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:puq0Alp8nAh3VJ9uXXkPZg==

Freedom House Political Rights Scale

f2458926 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:AX7rprh8vq+lEZcohYmEbw==

Freedom House Civil Liberties Scale

f2458926 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:zw8slLU8ycF7P4dQq7dMmw==

Freedom House category (Free,Partially Free, Not Free)

f2458926 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency
1.	Partly Free	21
2.	Free	26
0.	Not Free	17

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:u40KXdg0/kFwlESaP6MIlw==

Polity combined score (-10->+10)

f2458926 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:NA7nH+cVXCEKP+gR2F9yog==

Polity combined score (-10>+10), mean substitution

f2458926 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:ARx+ona6KdgsQkmBJKMlhQ==

# years since last major Polity shift (+/- 3 pts)

f2458926 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:DjbGkgLXAmoDSAldiuyBBQ==

World Bank income level (Low, lower-middle, upper-middle, high)

f2458926 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency
2.	Lower-middle	16
1.	low	13
4.	High	18
3.	Upper-middle	19

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:4uK+QETgJYg5kkmhEKIMNw==

Gross National Income, PPP, constant 2000 intl$

f2458926 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:CxIg+AM75HxDUGGWKgz7WQ==

Geographic region (UN classification)

f2458926 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency
1.	Africa	17
3.	Asia	19
4.	Europe	17
5.	Oceania	2
2.	Americas	11

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:G9dfMroL7PD0rvk54weDdQ==

World Bank region (1-9)

f2458926 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency
9.	Americas	11
6.	Europe	8
4.	South Asia	4
3.	East Asia & Oceania	8
5.	Eastern Europe & Central Asia	14
2.	West Africa	10
8.	North Africa	0
7.	Middle East	4
1.	Eastern & Southern Africa	7

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:wjhPpZI3QfWndtM7cgUZ4g==

OECD country (0/1)

f2458926 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency	Text
0.	non-OECD	52
1.	OECD	14

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:z5JrxgHR1EAuAwszqRZNnA==

(first) OVERALLINTEGRITY

f2458926 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:puq0Alp8nAh3VJ9uXXkPZg==

PEI index of electoral integrity, individual

f2458926 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:GKAivIiOeaFZ32A6QdPp4w==

PEI Index (individual), low ci

f2458926 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:LUPdmiSt2l0SX1uY8SsoZw==

PEI Index (individual), high ci

f2458926 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:ipEz5VSrFSo6KDrJt4eB7A==

PEI index of electoral integrity, imputed

f2458926 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:4u3NMUUmjGphLeCBnk8cRA==

PEI Index (imputed), low ci

f2458926 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:CWG4arYZhqM7SbSIo0nYVA==

PEI Index (imputed), high ci

f2458926 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:94q/aFI2KYKCXrms15QcLg==

Rank of countries according to PEI experts

f2458926 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:X1qPVGYEC8Ve+AcqgDXxRg==

PEI Index type (high, medium, low)

f2458926 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency
2.	Medium	22
3.	Low	22
1.	High	22

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:38j/XW/k06uGq6AT0tf9Gw==

Rate electoral integrity of the election (1=very poor->10=very good

f2458926 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:bNkC5pQvomazs6HCscSQvA==

Individuals' rating, low ci

f2458926 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:EEwhC//9YtMuzjzMIc57sw==

Individuals' rating, high ci

f2458926 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:hndEpVQXz5/Vs/0A//A4OA==

ELECTORAL LAWS SECTION

f2458926 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:puq0Alp8nAh3VJ9uXXkPZg==

1-1a. Electoral laws were unfair to smaller parties (1-5)[N]

f2458926 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:o0XFy29qMePNWcKa2MVDfg==

1-1b. Electoral laws were unfair to smaller parties (Reversed coding)

f2458926 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:zaPALVPIjD+qf0O7aUIJJA==

1-2a. Electoral laws favored the governing party or parties (1-5)[N]

f2458926 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:Koebed6m/MXDp18xc0NlVA==

1-2b. Electoral laws favored the governing party or parties (Reversed coding)

f2458926 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:wD7DMD1ZYGHy39FhoMnGIw==

1-3a. Elections laws restricted citizens' rights (1-5)[N]

f2458926 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:ppiHKxD3GhdRshOUX4SVkQ==

1-3b. Elections laws restricted citizens' rights (Reversed coding)

f2458926 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:s+EFrISM6ktJQ+n2VXSzWw==

1-4. Electoral laws index (20-100)

f2458926 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:oSBY2AgESIvagFzhG8SMvg==

1-4i. Electoral laws index (20-100), imputed

f2458926 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:FcTh+6WjuACYM+U9TZJn3g==

ELECTORAL PROCEDURES SECTION

f2458926 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:puq0Alp8nAh3VJ9uXXkPZg==

2-1. Elections were well managed (1-5)[P]

f2458926 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:2QaL4tb5dYPBNwZAEppdoQ==

2-2. Information about voting procedures was widely available (1-5)[P]

f2458926 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:sJPYs6YhlPolVTyud44vWg==

2-3. Election officials were fair (1-5)[P]

f2458926 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:ez4OX+bpJJbWYiFzUFKcrw==

2-4. Elections were conducted in accordance with the law (1-5)[P]

f2458926 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:6cNyJD1RMgUow9UkHKv1Bg==

2-5. Electoral procedures index (25-100)

f2458926 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:75K1hQzFpWf8i+tolF7azw==

2-5i. Electoral procedures index (25-100), imputed

f2458926 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:VprpwFyDuMq8zk4WLLK0Bw==

BOUNDARIES FOR VOTING DISTRICTS SECTION

f2458926 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:puq0Alp8nAh3VJ9uXXkPZg==

3-1a. Boundaries discriminated against some parties (1-5)[N]

f2458926 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:hShe4N/RD25f2jFXugLa4A==

3-1b. Boundaries discriminated against some parties (Reversed coding)

f2458926 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:BKkK0DE/dQwf3J3FKWNIJg==

3-2a. Boundaries favored incumbents (1-5)[N]

f2458926 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:HKQ+NWaU/sUk5/Zs65uJ0w==

3-2b. Boundaries favored incumbents (Reversed coding)

f2458926 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:ALF0REe49PCjgRUcQZRQ+A==

3-3. Boundaries were impartial (1-5)[P]

f2458926 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:+H2hrrdHvJIHXGbBLD6Xvw==

3-4. Voting district boundaries index (20-100)

f2458926 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:m9PhpWtuLWQgZtGrPAzqSg==

3-4i. Voting district boundaries index (20-100), imputed

f2458926 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:TcPvipAuP7DHJbYNMahBeg==

VOTER REGISTRATION SECTION

f2458926 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:puq0Alp8nAh3VJ9uXXkPZg==

4-1a. Some citizens were not listed in the register (1-5)[N]

f2458926 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:zRx1zHqxMhcX/QHGqQ5a9A==

4-1b. Some citizens were not listed in the register (Reversed coding)

f2458926 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:0DSKWepulDUZAykdKua4Bw==

4-2a. The electoral register was inaccurate (1-5)[N]

f2458926 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:6TguE1z7ntNGiTDK3tXpWg==

4-2b. The electoral register was inaccurate (Reversed coding)

f2458926 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:43aPOy2S1d1UBgtUjtRYdQ==

4-3a. Some ineligible electors were registered (1-5)[N]

f2458926 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:+6GBPfBmCRhUdq1+E7c+FQ==

4-3b. Some ineligible electors were registered (Reversed coding)

f2458926 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:l5dHI6Y3d98WWPaAcnJsCQ==

4-4. Voter registration index (20-100)

f2458926 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:bT1enkHkbhDqLNz1KWVeEw==

4-4i. Voter registration index (20-100), imputed

f2458926 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:FEbXFLjJ9mfjRLSp2FIwpw==

PARTY AND CANDIDATE REGISTRATION SECTION

f2458926 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:puq0Alp8nAh3VJ9uXXkPZg==

5-1a. Some opposition candidates were prevented from running (1-5)[N]

f2458926 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:j/8gzZAnbIRVlrViUvlxKg==

5-1b. Some opposition candidates were prevented from running (Reversed coding)

f2458926 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:UNrZD65Vf8mxu/vo9WAY1Q==

5-2. Women had equal opportunities to run for office (1-5)[P]

f2458926 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:w5H9WX+/zjicWZ9je9MCkA==

5-3. Ethnic and national minorities had equal opportunities to run for office (1

f2458926 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:AEE5AsNx9boRFk3kjTV5ZA==

5-4a. Only top party leaders selected candidates (1-5)[N]

f2458926 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:s04YbnJYwRvmGFzE5pkAOw==

5-4b. Only top party leaders selected candidates (Reversed coding)

f2458926 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:4O7Ops/ojDOdbnDJokrwWg==

5-5a. Some parties/candidates were restricted from holding campaign rallies (1-5

f2458926 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:gJaZEZ3kAhYMjpI1cOXylA==

5-5b. Some parties/candidates were restricted from holding campaign rallies (Rev

f2458926 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:mVeetRgYSK+oyZkenMAGAQ==

5-6. Party and candidate registration index (20-100)

f2458926 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:SS0P5RvVjWZfalsnQrgUAg==

5-6i. Party and candidate registration index (20-100), imputed

f2458926 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:7Nbb0y1njj1bOfWwK2MQRg==

MEDIA COVERAGE SECTION

f2458926 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:puq0Alp8nAh3VJ9uXXkPZg==

6-1. Newspapers provided balanced election news (1-5)[P]

f2458926 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:aLMfp1V6zKdnXw18Wb9Bcw==

6-2a. TV news favored the governing party (1-5)[N]

f2458926 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:eV8ce+2fxqB1TVnlOZK+nA==

6-2b. TV news favored the governing party (Reversed coding)

f2458926 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:NqKcOkufAV7HJkhoBpsbbw==

6-3. Parties/candidates had fair access to political broadcasts and advertising

f2458926 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:NIU3K+8KNJTV9OB9xQu4Qg==

6-4. Journalists provided fair coverage of the elections (1-5)[P]

f2458926 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:jhcCy0bAa9Gm47KEUxD/mQ==

6-5. Social media were used to expose electoral fraud (1-5)[P]

f2458926 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:MtgufVe9X5HdLEXZOkuOog==

6-6. Media coverage index (20-100)

f2458926 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:zI+6xu5FtSq4eop9TfELIg==

6-6i. Media coverage index (20-100), imputed

f2458926 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:gBp/j2aZeqkTkckfgf1QYw==

CAMPAIGN FINANCE SECTION

f2458926 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:puq0Alp8nAh3VJ9uXXkPZg==

7-1. Parties/candidates had equitable access to public political subsidies(1-5)[

f2458926 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:x1ISIBY3GPI+aOymOfAKEg==

7-2. Parties/candidates had equitable access to political donations(1-5)[P]

f2458926 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:5sxsgehHNjbC5CVshMbFng==

7-3. Parties/candidates publish transparent financial accounts(1-5)[P]

f2458926 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:/kwmgSdgwmib4QaYQhMlnQ==

7-4a. Rich people buy elections (1-5)[N]

f2458926 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:qaTurC65Z7tSVhC4oXf2xw==

7-4b. Rich people buy elections (Reversed coding)

f2458926 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:DszzihwocDbsqVkyHloATQ==

7-5a. Some state resources were improperly used for campaigning (1-5)[N]

f2458926 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:GbcRwYL//PSMCXRD+vlSmw==

7-5b. Some state resources were improperly used for campaigning (Reversed coding

f2458926 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:OGUOPM1qcUhiDtfzXxUf8g==

7-6. Campaign finance index (20-100)

f2458926 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:lCPbWZ8ZvnziiCvKj1L/EA==

7-6i. Campaign finance index (20-100), imputed

f2458926 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:AY7DMYsujxrGVKoqUJ6KPg==

VOTING PROCESS SECTION

f2458926 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:puq0Alp8nAh3VJ9uXXkPZg==

8-1a. Some voters were threatened with violence at the polls(1-5)[N]

f2458926 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:NiZNhAVODfKe/IC161q4TQ==

8-1b. Some voters were threatened with violence at the polls (Reversed coding)

f2458926 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:zfTlZ6EnVTQh7iQdzzelWQ==

8-2a. Some fraudulent votes were cast (1-5)[N]

f2458926 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:Yf8gQF786tDngyDCp8JzXw==

8-2b. Some fraudulent votes were cast (Reversed coding)

f2458926 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:dC+gUpDQjPsp8tHUU1Pz6Q==

8-3. The process of voting was easy (1-1)[Y]

f2458926 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:evWOfEGUXoWzVLeijIVoGw==

8-4. Voters were offered a genuine choice at the ballot box (1-5)[P]

f2458926 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:fhjleNPfNNUqL6U3o+CHog==

8-5. Postal ballots were available (1-5)[P]

f2458926 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:CWZd7EtY8q4mi2blRv4XiA==

8-6. Special voting facilities were available for the disabled (1-5)[P]

f2458926 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:rECSVSaV0dOppvRqRUKtZw==

8-7. National citizens living abroad could vote (1-5)[P]

f2458926 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:g9GBzIGcBgBHBAc+zkr9Qg==

8-8. Some form of internet voting was available (1-5)[P]

f2458926 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:pHzKbsJJO6zoTCfQTUQR2A==

8-9. Voting process index (20-100)

f2458926 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:EeIZbZ23y1fRbFRxRLPAaQ==

8-9i. Voting process index (20-100), imputed

f2458926 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:dy3OzulTa0b6KFC17o/beQ==

THE VOTE COUNT SECTION

f2458926 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:puq0Alp8nAh3VJ9uXXkPZg==

9-1. Ballot boxes were secure (1-5)[P]

f2458926 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:XgUC+jQ2BK8uVG49dfV8SQ==

9-2. The results were announced without undue delay (1-5)[P]

f2458926 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:V5SaCAGqG9nBdQypjxuarw==

9-3. Votes were counted fairly (1-5)[P]

f2458926 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:SHVgegImRBWt6vZWkBleUw==

9-4a. Int'l election monitors were restricted (1-5)[N]

f2458926 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:2Wnn45MuhsDPy3tJcind9Q==

9-4b. Int'l election monitors were restricted (Reversed coding)

f2458926 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:vQsflTKGUiq3NZLIMdjQYQ==

9-5a. Domestic election monitors were restricted (1-5)[N]

f2458926 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:SdXyfXLtSAsSVFjVCz7Cpg==

9-5b. Domestic election monitors were restricted (Reversed coding)

f2458926 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:qs0/LTte6pDSmiwigGi2kA==

9-6. Vote count index (20-100)

f2458926 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:6+HOYn7fYdUvFr4R2nqFFg==

9-6i. Vote count index (20-100), imputed

f2458926 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:t3C8IjsaeERMttqkk56Ytg==

VOTING RESULTS SECTION

f2458926 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:puq0Alp8nAh3VJ9uXXkPZg==

10-1a. Parties/candidates challenged the results (1-5)[N]

f2458926 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:zndZFvvtaZ2Hv6nsF7m8aA==

10-1b. Parties/candidates challenged the results (Reversed coding)

f2458926 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:T6ZLb8w6QxrsYOeiuDqIMw==

10-2a. The election led to peaceful protests (1-5)[N]

f2458926 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:y9+Dj0aHbxnq5flRoo9whA==

10-2b. The election led to peaceful protests (Reversed coding)

f2458926 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:fqJovA+v0oI8BaY9NnxGtw==

10-3a. The election triggered violent protests (1-5)[N]

f2458926 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:qUhqWUFAi/1FvXV1bkn9LA==

10-3b. The election triggered violent protests (Reversed coding)

f2458926 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:RPn1Bg2PqKt/Jw8DvvwFJQ==

10-4. Any disputes were resolved through legal channels (1-5)[P]

f2458926 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:AD7TJM1LhbFrpnbfS+hvSA==

10-5. Results index (25-100)

f2458926 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:iXDKTbqaqPIvAdAOSUoNbw==

10-5i. Results index (25-100), imputed

f2458926 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:aBr1D9kwST7+KhRP8sZAWg==

ELECTORAL AUTHORITIES SECTION

f2458926 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:puq0Alp8nAh3VJ9uXXkPZg==

11-1. The election authorities were impartial (1-5)[P]

f2458926 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:I5JGrSearp7C7tPyE9ntsQ==

11-2. The authorities distributed information to citizens (1-5)[P]

f2458926 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:WhaKk4mIdXJ8aQRbc8p1iw==

11-3. The authorities allowed public scrutiny of their performance (1-5)[P]

f2458926 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:xMP8Q7RIl6YYrTnjL5hEog==

11-4. The election authorities performed well (1-5)[P]

f2458926 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:mW7dO+MbHuOzXD+QTr7S4w==

11-5. Electoral authorities index (25-100)

f2458926 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:3Z0F9keNPFk3oKq0UVCFSg==

11-5i. Electoral authorities index (25-100), imputed

f2458926 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:+WxI7gHix6w6akxWdP1zVQ==

GENERAL ELECTION QUESTIONS

f2458926 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:puq0Alp8nAh3VJ9uXXkPZg==

13-1. How familiar are you with elections in this country?

f2458926 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:fPzvus+kCJw328prxohlhA==

13-2. Which election (if more than 1) was most important

f2458926 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:sndCjODPhhQILg4eyoUS2A==

ORGANIZATIONAL CONFIDENCE SECTION

f2458926 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:puq0Alp8nAh3VJ9uXXkPZg==

14-1. Confidence in the courts (1=none - 10=a great deal)

f2458926 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:819fl71zuYQq+hza/bUTjw==

14-2. Confidence in the government (1=none - 10=a great deal)

f2458926 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:YY4SghR8e8aCudLirT+72g==

14-3. Confidence in the parliament (1=none - 10=a great deal)

f2458926 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:d6t26jF2/uh5lv5T/SYXtw==

14-4. Confidence in the armed forces (1=none - 10=a great deal)

f2458926 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:ruW+RDC8a00djBfkho7ekw==

14-5. Confidence in the police (1=none - 10=a great deal)

f2458926 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:4JJ0RV1fSOLXG4J/wN3EoA==

14-6. Confidence in the elect.authorities (1=none - 10=a great deal)

f2458926 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:FbaTfUzWxSNeVIbmg536Aw==

14-7. Confidence in television (1=none - 10=a great deal)

f2458926 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:3FHvm3pGNpC9m1WnPqoMLw==

14-8. Confidence in the press (1=none - 10=a great deal)

f2458926 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:v15S+E+/Gz+8s4LsYVBm8A==

14-9. Confidence in political parties (1=none - 10=a great deal)

f2458926 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:yD5ahqwyun5eGRP5IX2J2Q==

EXPERT BACKGROUND SECTION

f2458926 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:puq0Alp8nAh3VJ9uXXkPZg==

% domestic experts surveyed in this country

f2458926 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:j/1Th88m7UbNvBJ4w8rZHA==

15-1. Employment type

f2458926 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:aYVgKizRkVX6hGG3ObI5aA==

15-2. Works (or has worked) in the government public sector

f2458926 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:66m7R04nLp/Pg+C1yKeHCw==

15-3. Works (or has worked) in a university

f2458926 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:9re60HOuEw9fzyVFEdbRdw==

15-4. Works (or has worked) in private non-profit sector/NGOs

f2458926 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:hlFOVGOi3+BNAYG6i/7pXg==

15-5. Works (or has worked) in an international agency

f2458926 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:Fb8BC8OwgDgN84w/A5AGWw==

15-6. Works (or has worked) in an private business or industry

f2458926 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:q8f09aSMGHjnIbtH0qIxrA==

15-7. Most recent occupation

f2458926 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:W4SkXFE16qAMGEb27W8aLA==

15-8. Expert's age group (by decade)

f2458926 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:+DxUG2/j+Pgv2fJbFIQWhQ==

15-9. Sex (1=female; 0=male)

f2458926 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:BsuK42WZ/r9JAs+vrLSHuw==

15-10. Highest level of education

f2458926 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:uX4k7S0kz21iycpiJ1tneg==

15-11. Were you born in this country?

f2458926 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:eMpY0LBBCkueYgJ4I6jBQg==

15-12. # years lived in this country

f2458926 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:pF6iE6HRs6mbVKctFu/G1A==

15-13. Expert was a candidate for elected office

f2458926 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:Tjnk0KhoGkQ4Ul4hRCaVAw==

15-14. Expert was an elected representative

f2458926 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:3N0kZhgzAcv1NOwaLe5Cew==

15-15. Expert was an election activist

f2458926 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:42YmVhs01xDlMGU8H4MhNQ==

15-16. Expert was election NGO watch personnel

f2458926 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:QooVRJbdbY/11/DHRy/kgQ==

15-17. Expert voted in this election

f2458926 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:HBkbX0zGJU3st4QT8iHtEQ==

15-18. Expert did not participate in any role in this election

f2458926 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:ebZ2wAdTbCId4+JRNTMm9A==

15-19. Expert was a national official electoral monitor

f2458926 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:2n9dC8NtpJhSn5Vrop2Paw==

15-20. Expert was an election official

f2458926 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:/sgNNVVKSHNuRoo1B2Ye9w==

15-21. Expert is a citizen of this country

f2458926 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:QQjfa0UbEBSjMx8ac+UrGA==

15-22. Support the winning or losing side

f2458926 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:QiziJb10KS6bczRzXeT6ZA==

15-23. Political views on 10pt left/right scale

f2458926 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:2WVi3UISBiN4rwq0dRfbUQ==

VIGNETTES SECTION

f2458926 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:puq0Alp8nAh3VJ9uXXkPZg==

16-1. Vignette A (Queues)

f2458926 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:HJQTnxiBNv6O0NVxYHcGNg==

16-2. Vignette B (Boycotts)

f2458926 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:NTkH4EYhp/MWiC8NJGTbjA==

16-3. Vignette C (Violence)

f2458926 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:xs21n6RzqMdI5tY1W/8I2Q==

ELECTIONRESULT

f2458926 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:puq0Alp8nAh3VJ9uXXkPZg==

Date of previous election

f2458926 Location:

Variable Format: character

Notes: UNF:5:nLZANx6CT5090v/KCuIbxA==

Registered Voters (mean value if more than one election in year)

f2458926 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:Ii2QJX2lnN2IBe5IFeXv3w==

Valid Votes(mean value if more than one election in year)

f2458926 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:p0NI0hFugjyh6nSyvUMmaA==

Invalid/Blank Votes(mean value if more than one election in year)

f2458926 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:i5xkia15NYK8gzDS9Ieavw==

Turnout (mean value if more than one election in year)

f2458926 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:PoVK7HKxIYaw6hfl4VOBPQ==

Election Code

f2458772 Location:

Variable Format: character

Notes: UNF:5:l/gelz9q6Ga9iG7Wo+Cv2Q==

Country Name

f2458772 Location:

Variable Format: character

Notes: UNF:5:O/LBjsW4dLU0WK/NWLgfXQ==

COW country code

f2458772 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency	Text
420.	Gambia	0
395.	Iceland	0
713.	Taiwan	0
781.	Maldives	0
372.	Georgia	0
91.	Honduras	0
750.	India	0
51.	Jamaica	0
42.	Dominican Republic	0
947.	Tuvalu	0
346.	Bosnia & Herzegovina	0
692.	Bahrain	0
223.	Liechtenstein	0
155.	Chile	0
347.	Kosovo	0
986.	Palau	0
280.	Mecklenburg Schwerin	0
510.	Tanzania	0
850.	Indonesia	0
212.	Luxembourg	0
433.	Senegal	0
600.	Morocco	0
522.	Djibouti	0
990.	Samoa	0
710.	China	0
260.	German Federal Republic	0
352.	Cyprus	0
666.	Israel	0
660.	Lebanon	0
541.	Mozambique	0
730.	Korea	0
940.	Solomon Islands	0
615.	Algeria	0
332.	Modena	0
115.	Suriname	0
404.	Guinea-Bissau	0
403.	Sao Tome & Principe	0
316.	Czech Republic	0
20.	Canada	0
812.	Laos	0
375.	Finland	0
94.	Costa Rica	0
31.	Bahamas	0
571.	Botswana	0
41.	Haiti	0
290.	Poland	0
337.	Tuscany	0
987.	Micronesia	0
830.	Singapore	0
325.	Italy	0
790.	Nepal	0
500.	Uganda	0
2.	United States of America	0
221.	Monaco	0
80.	Belize	0
40.	Cuba	0
701.	Turkmenistan	0
434.	Benin	0
310.	Hungary	0
368.	Lithuania	0
950.	Fiji	0
572.	Swaziland	0
339.	Albania	0
450.	Liberia	0
970.	Nauru	0
860.	East Timor	0
840.	Philippines	0
101.	Venezuela	0
616.	Tunisia	0
770.	Pakistan	0
160.	Argentina	0
335.	Parma	0
315.	Czechoslovakia	0
740.	Japan	0
732.	Korea, Rep.	0
698.	Oman	0
145.	Bolivia	0
630.	Iran	0
910.	Papua New Guinea	0
900.	Australia	0
70.	Mexico	0
700.	Afghanistan	0
90.	Guatemala	0
780.	Sri Lanka	0
93.	Nicaragua	0
366.	Estonia	0
452.	Ghana	0
341.	Montenegro	0
946.	Kiribati	0
670.	Saudi Arabia	0
702.	Tajikistan	0
135.	Peru	0
590.	Mauritius	0
760.	Bhutan	0
140.	Brazil	0
435.	Mauritania	0
516.	Burundi	0
645.	Iraq	0
245.	Bavaria	0
359.	Moldova	0
230.	Spain	0
580.	Madagascar	0
565.	Namibia	0
517.	Rwanda	0
471.	Cameroon	0
369.	Ukraine	0
531.	Eritrea	0
300.	Austria-Hungary	0
53.	Barbados	0
775.	Myanmar	0
811.	Cambodia	0
771.	Bangladesh	0
712.	Mongolia	0
225.	Switzerland	0
267.	Baden	0
625.	Sudan	0
626.	South Sudan	0
451.	Sierra Leone	0
92.	El Salvador	0
820.	Malaysia	0
816.	Vietnam	0
530.	Ethiopia	0
240.	Hanover	0
57.	St. Vincent & the Grenadines	0
481.	Gabon	0
817.	Vietnam, Rep.	0
696.	United Arab Emirates	0
380.	Sweden	0
327.	Papal States	0
255.	Germany	0
955.	Tonga	0
520.	Somalia	0
540.	Angola	0
483.	Chad	0
690.	Kuwait	0
679.	Yemen	0
553.	Malawi	0
110.	Guyana	0
355.	Bulgaria	0
210.	Netherlands	0
100.	Colombia	0
694.	Qatar	0
402.	Cape Verde	0
835.	Brunei	0
365.	Russia	0
350.	Greece	0
581.	Comoros	0
200.	United Kingdom	0
56.	St. Lucia	0
570.	Lesotho	0
370.	Belarus	0
367.	Latvia	0
60.	St. Kitts & Nevis	0
344.	Croatia	0
235.	Portugal	0
360.	Romania	0
432.	Mali	0
551.	Zambia	0
371.	Armenia	0
705.	Kazakhstan	0
269.	Saxony	0
373.	Azerbaijan	0
490.	Congo, Dem. Rep.	0
317.	Slovakia	0
484.	Congo	0
390.	Denmark	0
55.	Grenada	0
652.	Syria	0
640.	Turkey	0
983.	Marshall Islands	0
501.	Kenya	0
461.	Togo	0
411.	Equatorial Guinea	0
731.	North Korea	0
343.	Macedonia	0
211.	Belgium	0
58.	Antigua & Barbuda	0
220.	France	0
552.	Zimbabwe	0
800.	Thailand	0
205.	Ireland	0
329.	Two Sicilies	0
438.	Guinea	0
331.	San Marino	0
95.	Panama	0
165.	Uruguay	0
482.	Central African Republic	0
560.	South Africa	0
920.	New Zealand	0
349.	Slovenia	0
475.	Nigeria	0
232.	Andorra	0
338.	Malta	0
439.	Burkina Faso	0
703.	Kyrgyzstan	0
437.	Cote d'Ivoire	0
52.	Trinidad & Tobago	0
54.	Dominica	0
130.	Ecuador	0
265.	German Democratic Republic	0
436.	Niger	0
150.	Paraguay	0
591.	Seychelles	0
305.	Austria	0
620.	Libya	0
935.	Vanuatu	0
651.	Egypt	0
704.	Uzbekistan	0
663.	Jordan	0
385.	Norway	0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:/ZwKbaswpc6u5BThoCVgDg==

Norris reference number

f2458772 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency	Text
45.	Cyprus	0
61.	Gabon	0
71.	Guyana	0
131.	Palau	0
142.	Rwanda	0
134.	Paraguay	0
137.	Poland	0
158.	St. Kitts & Nevis	0
188.	Yemen	0
148.	Seychelles	0
41.	Congo, Republic of	0
43.	Croatia	0
36.	China	0
138.	Portugal	0
136.	Philippines	0
177.	Uganda	0
146.	Saudi Arabia	0
175.	Turkmenistan	0
115.	Monaco	0
44.	Cuba	0
6.	Antigua & Barbuda	0
108.	Malta	0
25.	Brunei Darussalam	0
81.	Israel	0
53.	El Salvador	0
69.	Guinea Bissau	0
37.	Colombia	0
139.	Qatar	0
98.	Libya	0
111.	Mauritius	0
68.	Guatemala	0
35.	Chile	0
187.	Samoa	0
184.	Vanuatu	0
74.	Hungary	0
3.	Algeria	0
51.	Ecuador	0
152.	Slovenia	0
24.	Brazil	0
89.	Korea, DPR	0
119.	Myanmar	0
57.	Ethiopia	0
103.	Madagascar	0
14.	Bangladesh	0
28.	Burundi	0
106.	Maldives	0
11.	Azerbaijan	0
170.	Togo	0
23.	Botswana	0
157.	Sri Lanka	0
102.	Macedonia	0
113.	Micronesia	0
125.	Nicaragua	0
183.	Uzbekistan	0
179.	United Arab Emirates	0
174.	Turkey	0
83.	Jamaica	0
10.	Austria	0
109.	Marshall Islands	0
13.	Bahrain	0
194.	Montenegro	0
31.	Canada	0
190.	Zambia	0
46.	Czech Republic	0
151.	Slovakia	0
164.	Switzerland	0
121.	Nauru	0
163.	Sweden	0
107.	Mali	0
48.	Djibouti	0
160.	Sudan	0
52.	Egypt	0
32.	Cape Verde	0
156.	Spain	0
42.	Cote d'Ivoire	0
59.	Finland	0
143.	St. Lucia	0
90.	Korea, Republic of	0
173.	Tunisia	0
110.	Mauritania	0
75.	Iceland	0
124.	New Zealand	0
140.	Romania	0
91.	Kuwait	0
122.	Nepal	0
133.	Papua New Guinea	0
191.	Zimbabwe	0
80.	Ireland	0
192.	Timor Leste	0
77.	Indonesia	0
40.	Costa Rica	0
112.	Mexico	0
78.	Iran	0
95.	Lebanon	0
144.	San Marino	0
30.	Cameroon	0
79.	Iraq	0
185.	Venezuela	0
86.	Kazakhstan	0
62.	Gambia	0
17.	Belgium	0
66.	Greece	0
21.	Bolivia	0
104.	Malawi	0
162.	Swaziland	0
39.	Congo, Democratic Republic of	0
7.	Argentina	0
178.	Ukraine	0
147.	Senegal	0
155.	South Africa	0
58.	Fiji	0
8.	Armenia	0
169.	Thailand	0
60.	France	0
99.	Liechenstein	0
82.	Italy	0
9.	Australia	0
129.	Oman	0
93.	Laos	0
135.	Peru	0
117.	Morocco	0
154.	Somalia	0
182.	Uruguay	0
73.	Honduras	0
63.	Georgia	0
72.	Haiti	0
114.	Moldova	0
38.	Comoros	0
105.	Malaysia	0
84.	Japan	0
5.	Angola	0
126.	Niger	0
67.	Grenada	0
1.	Afghanistan	0
20.	Bhutan	0
88.	Kiribati	0
128.	Norway	0
145.	Sao Tome & Principe	0
70.	Guinea	0
29.	Cambodia	0
101.	Luxembourg	0
181.	United States of America	0
100.	Lithuania	0
167.	Tajikistan	0
193.	Kosovo	0
116.	Mongolia	0
76.	India	0
47.	Denmark	0
22.	Bosnia & Herzegovina	0
16.	Belarus	0
189.	Serbia	0
2.	Albania	0
130.	Pakistan	0
27.	Burkina Faso	0
15.	Barbados	0
176.	Tuvalu	0
180.	United Kingdom	0
54.	Equatorial Guinea	0
149.	Sierra Leone	0
165.	Syria	0
118.	Mozambique	0
64.	Germany	0
172.	Trinidad and Tobago	0
161.	Suriname	0
132.	Panama	0
12.	Bahamas	0
94.	Latvia	0
141.	Russia	0
4.	Andorra	0
55.	Eritrea	0
166.	Taiwan	0
87.	Kenya	0
159.	St. Vincent& Grenadine	0
127.	Nigeria	0
65.	Ghana	0
33.	Central African Republic	0
26.	Bulgaria	0
123.	Netherlands	0
153.	Solomon Islands	0
34.	Chad	0
56.	Estonia	0
120.	Namibia	0
92.	Kyrgyzstan	0
18.	Belize	0
50.	Dominican Republic	0
171.	Tonga	0
49.	Dominica	0
97.	Liberia	0
96.	Lesotho	0
186.	Vietnam	0
150.	Singapore	0
85.	Jordan	0
168.	Tanzania	0
19.	Benin	0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:sidDxDzr6G7WJ8knN+U7ug==

Year

f2458772 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:8EfyVhrhSb+AFjVZtWmZrw==

Election date

f2458772 Location:

Variable Format: character

Notes: UNF:5:uVCt04xeGtgqi8EAx3ubHg==

Presidential election=1, 0 otherwise

f2458772 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency	Text
0.	Legislative	0
1.	Presidential	0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:WxUQiCoUVjpLtVmmbi8agg==

PEI expert responses, by election

f2458772 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:cNcJTXJOOUHtVsw0wG6sMA==

PEI experts invited, by election

f2458772 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:WO3E7geMEFPuyrmakI3ubw==

PEI response rate, by election

f2458772 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:QP9nA7QQ1ffuPrEEc64Q6w==

COUNTRYDATA

f2458772 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:z/OhY+Da9mTx33saQsXe3Q==

Freedom House Political Rights Scale

f2458772 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:On45fxaf/YeIoVqaOcyauw==

Freedom House Civil Liberties Scale

f2458772 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:OZN4NCPKrEVqWh2FTkcl9g==

Freedom House Category (Free,Partially Free, Not Free)

f2458772 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency	Text
0.	Not Free	0
1.	Partly Free	0
2.	Free	0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:UGj8JXJfpk7kwS8e96XPaA==

Polity combined score (-10->+10), 2013 obs have 2012 values

f2458772 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:vAdxd+jcSZVUYTv9Y1Ic/Q==

Polity combined score with mean subst for missing codes, 2013 obs have 2012 valu

f2458772 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:YLgL8h6evuIQKYmTifoVbA==

# years since the last regime transition (3pt or greater), 2013 has 2012 values

f2458772 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:Ui507nVCsf+1cWLzPFkKZg==

World Bank income level (Low, lower-middle, upper-middle, high)

f2458772 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency	Text
3.	Upper-middle	0
2.	Lower-middle	0
1.	low	0
4.	High	0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:Ej+oUhQOm0vKvmhza0Erbg==

Gross National Income, PPP, constant 2000 intl$, 2013 has 2012 values

f2458772 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:c0J3Iat141rgTDZ9PKpFLg==

Geographic region (UN classification)

f2458772 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency	Text
3.	Asia	0
5.	Oceania	0
4.	Europe	0
2.	Americas	0
1.	Africa	0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:X68HQZo8CiG1EI2bhEhoUA==

World Bank region (1-9)

f2458772 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency	Text
4.	South Asia	0
5.	Eastern Europe & Central Asia	0
9.	Americas	0
1.	Eastern & Southern Africa	0
2.	West Africa	0
3.	East Asia & Oceania	0
7.	Middle East	0
6.	Europe	0
8.	North Africa	0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:zSyrX0xTDzOuGLZSNfVehg==

OECD country (0/1)

f2458772 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency	Text
0.	non-OECD	0
1.	OECD	0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:PmCyMa1ICdYsP3HJF3uo1Q==

OVERALL INTEGRITY RATING

f2458772 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:z/OhY+Da9mTx33saQsXe3Q==

PEI index of electoral integrity, individual

f2458772 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:jj5GHnZeXUY3+DsLWVjGjg==

PEI Index (raw individual), low ci

f2458772 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:nsFTd9dR4T6xdbGlFW+UTQ==

PEI Index (raw individual), high ci

f2458772 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:0a8un8Dpi/R512HNn8hqpw==

PEI index of electoral integrity, imputed

f2458772 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:VsBb36+jSix6d9q6vEwaLw==

PEI Index (imputed), low ci

f2458772 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:oPinJPFce885QvVUyC3vWQ==

PEI Index (imputed), high ci

f2458772 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:2WObaMpUxVepLUjMukAv2g==

Rank of election according to PEI experts

f2458772 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:rKumwJ8f5qBbdktYC+24tg==

PEI Index type (high, medium, low)

f2458772 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency	Text
3.	Low	0
1.	High	0
2.	Medium	0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:dhvLpriNaa/KDpajJd33pg==

Rate electoral integrity of the election (1=very poor->10=very good)

f2458772 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:52i1YRPj+o+29dCWrtaIrA==

Rating, low ci

f2458772 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:RexpfR1J5fWoypdhXSd4pQ==

Rating, high ci

f2458772 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:RKHhquVA4CSgKeIVJ/4RRA==

ELECTORAL LAWS SECTION

f2458772 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:z/OhY+Da9mTx33saQsXe3Q==

1-1a. Electoral laws were unfair to smaller parties (1-5)[N]

f2458772 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:kHtAv5e4fFkJEn7603FPtw==

1-1b. Electoral laws were unfair to smaller parties (Reversed coding)

f2458772 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:kvOMCHyBuwq/Vo6xIadTHw==

1-2a. Electoral laws favored the governing party or parties (1-5)[N]

f2458772 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:37QuvnuHVtrHGNCyCOXYiw==

1-2b. Electoral laws favored the governing party or parties (Reversed coding)

f2458772 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:0ZcJ7RhSAUEI93fR4RqXHg==

1-3a. Elections laws restricted citizens' rights (1-5)[N]

f2458772 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:oIHQtvFMc9f2sSBc1j7Yjw==

1-3b. Elections laws restricted citizens' rights (Reversed coding)

f2458772 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:rKbQD2ScKAIosxsnhYGWIA==

1-4. Electoral laws index (20-100)

f2458772 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:Lrwz13FMyUzWtFygj6HdIA==

1-4i. Electoral laws index (20-100), imputed

f2458772 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:XBUjrMnp/YjUeGCd8gLTwg==

ELECTORAL PROCEDURES SECTION

f2458772 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:z/OhY+Da9mTx33saQsXe3Q==

2-1. Elections were well managed (1-5)[P]

f2458772 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:4l63c+m7MqEO6mEzyLG5Cw==

2-2. Information about voting procedures was widely available (1-5)[P]

f2458772 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:ww2qlHVGtb4wsKI+7gictg==

2-3. Election officials were fair (1-5)[P]

f2458772 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:LsSZXd4zi7tO2AWcaIJZOw==

2-4. Elections were conducted in accordance with the law (1-5)[P]

f2458772 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:cNWMx/23uXUPH6kWdCtMYQ==

2-5. Electoral procedures index (25-100)

f2458772 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:1s8qoGvuG3Y2K9v9BJpBFQ==

2-5i. Electoral procedures index (25-100), imputed

f2458772 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:QbLZbWomJkKDOkWO/u/jNQ==

BOUNDARIES FOR VOTING DISTRICTS SECTION

f2458772 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:z/OhY+Da9mTx33saQsXe3Q==

3-1a. Boundaries discriminated against some parties (1-5)[N]

f2458772 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:wc5RuWM+DV1lUg8bzdZsUA==

3-1b. Boundaries discriminated against some parties (Reversed coding)

f2458772 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:AVYRSpJRGbCeShhvvAqCXg==

3-2a. Boundaries favored incumbents (1-5)[N]

f2458772 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:ye661S+B4tbM5h8mNsRO9w==

3-2b. Boundaries favored incumbents (Reversed coding)

f2458772 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:eFK1GvzKkVsi4fxpVbI1Qw==

3-3. Boundaries were impartial (1-5)[P]

f2458772 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:ClRfCDtg3CuepLM5QPboYw==

3-4. Voting district boundaries index (20-100)

f2458772 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:CrF2JzzgJP3cMDAHQxC/wA==

3-4i. Voting district boundaries index (20-100), imputed

f2458772 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:BnLJOQbkaYT9osSF8ZBXTw==

VOTER REGISTRATION SECTION

f2458772 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:z/OhY+Da9mTx33saQsXe3Q==

4-1a. Some citizens were not listed in the register (1-5)[N]

f2458772 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:+8qZUAhGGnPcMqWPtg91hw==

4-1b. Some citizens were not listed in the register (Reversed coding)

f2458772 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:sb0+G9su3TqNY9WVtJY7+g==

4-2a. The electoral register was inaccurate (1-5)[N]

f2458772 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:gyW+sqoxV85iSRfKQwU5+g==

4-2b. The electoral register was inaccurate (Reversed coding)

f2458772 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:brA6L/Zx2AMeGGPlWx4QEQ==

4-3a. Some ineligible electors were registered (1-5)[N]

f2458772 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:/n2QSmOoqwxZw1X5/EOTNQ==

4-3b. Some ineligible electors were registered (Reversed coding)

f2458772 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:jW3i3XMpxWJtdh9ss31JOA==

4-4. Voter registration index (20-100)

f2458772 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:ZA6NWWKBInnRWSdRxp53BA==

4-4i. Voter registration index (20-100), imputed

f2458772 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:L8oGUzNox8u5YJyHsVztpg==

PARTY AND CANDIDATE REGISTRATION SECTION

f2458772 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:z/OhY+Da9mTx33saQsXe3Q==

5-1a. Some opposition candidates were prevented from running (1-5)[N]

f2458772 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:TDo2Q1WZrykP7afwQV4a/Q==

5-1b. Some opposition candidates were prevented from running (Reversed coding)

f2458772 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:r1RsDUxy02R02PB4Rd/92g==

5-2. Women had equal opportunities to run for office (1-5)[P]

f2458772 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:KzdbdjBixp3NP691bzGOXQ==

5-3. Ethnic and national minorities had equal opportunities to run for office (1

f2458772 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:5sqTTs2FFlKk0E4Yd7vCOg==

5-4a. Only top party leaders selected candidates (1-5)[N]

f2458772 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:Az6m3NslwxcnsMANnhEryw==

5-4b. Only top party leaders selected candidates (Reversed coding)

f2458772 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:Yywk/Jv0p3X81RALebNTDg==

5-5a. Some parties/candidates were restricted from holding campaign rallies (1-5

f2458772 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:cIEXYS3oROnA1iLkzsCiiw==

5-5b. Some parties/candidates were restricted from holding campaign rallies (Rev

f2458772 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:VLpCSkcveMBTaedqqJDzkw==

5-6. Party and candidate registration index (20-100)

f2458772 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:5DHopqPm/e9fSJKgh/rlAw==

5-6i. Party and candidate registration index (20-100), imputed

f2458772 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:tiSlKUaLR8RqEi9ePL06ow==

MEDIA COVERAGE SECTION

f2458772 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:z/OhY+Da9mTx33saQsXe3Q==

6-1. Newspapers provided balanced election news (1-5)[P]

f2458772 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:iOT/t9H9smncUlyxLUyLtA==

6-2a. TV news favored the governing party (1-5)[N]

f2458772 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:Gp3mQUlQiniwwspP2147Mg==

6-2b. TV news favored the governing party (Reversed coding)

f2458772 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:l5cPKDUigdTtkypgIfYXmg==

6-3. Parties/candidates had fair access to political broadcasts and advertising

f2458772 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:qxDy4jkPe8rDwP7kpFsegg==

6-4. Journalists provided fair coverage of the elections (1-5)[P]

f2458772 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:/bgBdA3qNPiDSFEfXAP/Cw==

6-5. Social media were used to expose electoral fraud (1-5)[P]

f2458772 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:eFjt7hQ/5P+d8DfRhkmRVw==

6-6. Media coverage index (20-100)

f2458772 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:BZ09Y/lK4tH8eGduxlyIqQ==

6-6i. Media coverage index (20-100), imputed

f2458772 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:Ah2BnxGjtWnZhqZPlKdauQ==

CAMPAIGN FINANCE SECTION

f2458772 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:z/OhY+Da9mTx33saQsXe3Q==

7-1. Parties/candidates had equitable access to public political subsidies(1-5)[

f2458772 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:mjo85mhTPCSaZeStVLr0Ug==

7-2. Parties/candidates had equitable access to political donations(1-5)[P]

f2458772 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:ZJfsw3hn+I2q14WzMgSd6Q==

7-3. Parties/candidates publish transparent financial accounts(1-5)[P]

f2458772 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:LyiOAJJy1+du7p1iwWCwoQ==

7-4a. Rich people buy elections (1-5)[N]

f2458772 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:1Cew/eUbBAiY3iI/T+sxNA==

7-4b. Rich people buy elections (Reversed coding)

f2458772 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:Bkaj4z8XpFtpFm5m5v2sDw==

7-5a. Some state resources were improperly used for campaigning (1-5)[N]

f2458772 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:F0KOtqKabuFgSc1Z9O4uvA==

7-5b. Some state resources were improperly used for campaigning (Reversed coding

f2458772 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:ZPAi6kV1CSYMpr5F/RDchQ==

7-6. Campaign finance index (20-100)

f2458772 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:cBNP0nvCqg3tOmrUjf2F8A==

7-6i. Campaign finance index (20-100), imputed

f2458772 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:KDbyBu+68p5o7AeQkDRThg==

VOTING PROCESS SECTION

f2458772 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:z/OhY+Da9mTx33saQsXe3Q==

8-1a. Some voters were threatened with violence at the polls(1-5)[N]

f2458772 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:NmqMFRyZWErfR2ZS9uji/g==

8-1b. Some voters were threatened with violence at the polls (Reversed coding)

f2458772 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:mHkkZqGAQclXoXeI5QU0+Q==

8-2a. Some fraudulent votes were cast (1-5)[N]

f2458772 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:fRCVJzbuyfTZxzgpNh91mA==

8-2b. Some fraudulent votes were cast (Reversed coding)

f2458772 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:QTOsz4mGlDvizOGRe9xbDg==

8-3. The process of voting was easy (1-1)[Y]

f2458772 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:K6yLMWnj4bl55LfSYcHD5g==

8-4. Voters were offered a genuine choice at the ballot box (1-5)[P]

f2458772 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:+u2sIBjlCH3qRiOQdaodnA==

8-5. Postal ballots were available (1-5)[P]

f2458772 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:rYtdGeL0cDRm/wMh3CuZXw==

8-6. Special voting facilities were available for the disabled (1-5)[P]

f2458772 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:OFU2avdrIx6e+2qdK9A+xw==

8-7. National citizens living abroad could vote (1-5)[P]

f2458772 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:GUZS4r8rfFfd+RseQ0eCaw==

8-8. Some form of internet voting was available (1-5)[P]

f2458772 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:wRhaJC/FgY5C5DiKUtdmMQ==

8-9. Voting process index (20-100)

f2458772 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:YTpj1V86/lXPdgEp2R5ycw==

8-9i. Voting process index (20-100), imputed

f2458772 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:ohCInpma2mC1KCwxciGZhA==

THE VOTE COUNT SECTION

f2458772 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:z/OhY+Da9mTx33saQsXe3Q==

9-1. Ballot boxes were secure (1-5)[P]

f2458772 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:sMflkW/czRNcrLxMOM5gGw==

9-2. The results were announced without undue delay (1-5)[P]

f2458772 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:+vByG1z9vPx/O8xBn2Ayrg==

9-3. Votes were counted fairly (1-5)[P]

f2458772 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:y1PiEunytLYx//zUv38J5g==

9-4a. Int'l election monitors were restricted (1-5)[N]

f2458772 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:8qHIklZIwGjaAAbc6uZpKQ==

9-4b. Int'l election monitors were restricted (Reversed coding)

f2458772 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:VEzGSWwUojoDgWlStSCsAQ==

9-5a. Domestic election monitors were restricted (1-5)[N]

f2458772 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:fX5nsiz1xqVVU38nQ3MsHQ==

9-5b. Domestic election monitors were restricted (Reversed coding)

f2458772 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:JFoPWEK2+U4qlGFfYoUGZQ==

9-6. Vote count index (20-100)

f2458772 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:hj6kRo6WN4WjlIY7K1zISg==

9-6i. Vote count index (20-100), imputed

f2458772 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:rN9G2QH01AZxSO6vkHFB7Q==

VOTING RESULTS SECTION

f2458772 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:z/OhY+Da9mTx33saQsXe3Q==

10-1a. Parties/candidates challenged the results (1-5)[N]

f2458772 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:UouDs3ahPNyR6ktVFWt0dA==

10-1b. Parties/candidates challenged the results (Reversed coding)

f2458772 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:SAn217mJwT5B6gtS9ay9pw==

10-2a. The election led to peaceful protests (1-5)[N]

f2458772 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:xDWE0UMWJXaHi0byIXfQTw==

10-2b. The election led to peaceful protests (Reversed coding)

f2458772 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:JDL/SNLRzV4SyIy6wCQLww==

10-3a. The election triggered violent protests (1-5)[N]

f2458772 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:74F3f6aiQoe51zU8bzCazA==

10-3b. The election triggered violent protests (Reversed coding)

f2458772 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:MtLLX2KTN/ccPzX/8IWlVg==

10-4. Any disputes were resolved through legal channels (1-5)[P]

f2458772 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:VM/Qc/UuuA91qV2JK5r+6w==

10-5. Results index (25-100)

f2458772 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:ewtC/SXqqwtteIpMUZAu/Q==

10-5i. Results index (25-100), imputed

f2458772 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:Xg03PF+JDRcCs09NVSt2eQ==

ELECTORAL AUTHORITIES SECTION

f2458772 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:z/OhY+Da9mTx33saQsXe3Q==

11-1. The election authorities were impartial (1-5)[P]

f2458772 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:89hlQGfY0ZE20kRaxx6ciA==

11-2. The authorities distributed information to citizens (1-5)[P]

f2458772 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:woXOJVpZGmB6HulwKBcrGQ==

11-3. The authorities allowed public scrutiny of their performance (1-5)[P]

f2458772 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:qZHfhXUaU120hHMdcmLdow==

11-4. The election authorities performed well (1-5)[P]

f2458772 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:Bonp5fylHu2k2J8Tfq18xQ==

11-5. Electoral authorities index (25-100)

f2458772 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:InQmyfPReAyxOaxPux2rTw==

11-5i. Electoral authorities index (25-100), imputed

f2458772 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:oQ7+fKrXgwDtjjxAWKVb+w==

GENERAL ELECTION QUESTIONS

f2458772 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:z/OhY+Da9mTx33saQsXe3Q==

13-1. How familiar are you with elections in this country?

f2458772 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:2rdacezDwSgvpG2nGkbpAg==

13-2. Which election (if more than 1) was most important

f2458772 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:Py2E2mVHoO/zZNhUEYSkOQ==

ORGANIZATIONAL CONFIDENCE SECTION

f2458772 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:z/OhY+Da9mTx33saQsXe3Q==

14-1. Confidence in the courts (1=none - 10=a great deal)

f2458772 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:WpTqXg38xl51eGXn2mCYkQ==

14-2. Confidence in the government (1=none - 10=a great deal)

f2458772 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:j0YT4pdqjICm1f+4LadDog==

14-3. Confidence in the parliament (1=none - 10=a great deal)

f2458772 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:OBkelUCEbLpvgb/TiWIuOA==

14-4. Confidence in the armed forces (1=none - 10=a great deal)

f2458772 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:GNKkSImfurziLQKoVelEeA==

14-5. Confidence in the police (1=none - 10=a great deal)

f2458772 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:epwCFK6VxkB3Cfg+iDQAiQ==

14-6. Confidence in the elect.authorities (1=none - 10=a great deal)

f2458772 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:jA0QHc5eGDCNfqHlm0JPQg==

14-7. Confidence in television (1=none - 10=a great deal)

f2458772 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:7z2S+2RKh7Bgd8Zx+wbfiw==

14-8. Confidence in the press (1=none - 10=a great deal)

f2458772 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:hHpKNfwiVru6kadyc1rPlQ==

14-9. Confidence in political parties (1=none - 10=a great deal)

f2458772 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:PJxuzodrRwaOCbw2xnpP3w==

EXPERT BACKGROUND SECTION

f2458772 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:z/OhY+Da9mTx33saQsXe3Q==

15-0. % domestic experts evaluation this election

f2458772 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:YJh0ZkK0LkbMEjGJpqXPeA==

15-1. Employment type

f2458772 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:y0xGHlkHJV8tjZJsNI+vJQ==

15-2. Works (or has worked) in the government public sector

f2458772 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:oKz3xiRVjhCAbwDrc5EE2A==

15-3. Works (or has worked) in a university

f2458772 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:1zs5ZEeVg95uR8fXj0uFww==

15-4. Works (or has worked) in private non-profit sector/NGOs

f2458772 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:iuCnzLh+MDGYRVvRBLqF3g==

15-5. Works (or has worked) in an international agency

f2458772 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:e83dFjFKFhFnDTfRP5vgpQ==

15-6. Works (or has worked) in an private business or industry

f2458772 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:ZJgUgDwCXNQQtQAKwzuO0A==

15-7. Most recent occupation

f2458772 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:w8m3YrpdHqD5YDiycPEbxw==

15-8. Expert's age group (by decade)

f2458772 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:6Hmf8dnqIb3CbOKTEDrTnQ==

15-9. Sex (1=female; 0=male)

f2458772 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:CsMlA8zqFk/LU0Y1o05Lzg==

15-10. Highest level of education

f2458772 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:TVYAeECd0E1Ar4lnSoOk6w==

15-11. Were you born in this country?

f2458772 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:wL+xsIXhEL4oXdNZwnGj4w==

15-12. # years lived in this country

f2458772 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:7OeeU3B6Bj96nEqVTW4dKg==

15-13. Expert was a candidate for elected office

f2458772 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:4Whin1+AcuJFlkTALgRItA==

15-14. Expert was an elected representative

f2458772 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:V0/Jm0+zfCZD3gu/jQzVkA==

15-15. Expert was an election activist

f2458772 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:2w/3mqDjNB+7MmO4MUBGWg==

15-16. Expert was election NGO watch personnel

f2458772 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:9mgR8mLTWSi69U4v1Kqqug==

15-17. Expert voted in this election

f2458772 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:/qI19537Wp0vUD7shPdRow==

15-18. Expert did not participate in any role in this election

f2458772 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:9JIsa23SAshzKc4hhTfaGg==

15-19. Expert was a national official electoral monitor

f2458772 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:SBjZhS2Ilikg9ws0mG7fkw==

15-20. Expert was an election official

f2458772 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:FuLAI9/XVlzCiMrwSrUPYw==

15-21. Expert is a citizen of this country

f2458772 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:hnW1LP1mX/muDlngpe/9yA==

15-22. Support the winning or losing side

f2458772 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:hUAaHcJ/WQzc2g8APLVisg==

15-23. Political views on 10pt left/right scale

f2458772 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:EpcdYzJyQrAqynDvzm3fPw==

VIGNETTES SECTION

f2458772 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:z/OhY+Da9mTx33saQsXe3Q==

16-1. Vignette A (Queues)

f2458772 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:daGUhERJ7AfslwpGeop+eg==

16-2. Vignette B (Boycotts)

f2458772 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:RYwTlnrn+liGTGZjf5xb/w==

16-3. Vignette C (Violence)

f2458772 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:oRsMQoRkgeS3uEABJ/oHNQ==

ELECTION RESULT

f2458772 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:z/OhY+Da9mTx33saQsXe3Q==

Local title of contested office

f2458772 Location:

Variable Format: character

Notes: UNF:5:ppFaOAHbH7mvvqrEQGS8sA==

Date of previous election

f2458772 Location:

Variable Format: character

Notes: UNF:5:w5l4njEnAmDF4nI0v/VArg==

Registered Voters

f2458772 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:x0HCYtsjTeR+t02G3eKf3g==

Valid Votes

f2458772 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:ujyF1qkO0xLsZHfpIy6EyQ==

Invalid/Blank Votes

f2458772 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:OrIgP8Ycjc52k8m1T5Vnng==

Election turnout

f2458772 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:lIXIeh8LNLnvztHaXjQB7A==

Party 1: Name/ Candidate 1 in presidential election

f2458772 Location:

Variable Format: character

Notes: UNF:5:w5L+88jD5r+V1zE/q1qMww==

Party 2: Name/ Candidate 2 in presidential election

f2458772 Location:

Variable Format: character

Notes: UNF:5:AjWn6qsUo62n2QuYt24Y+g==

Party 3: Name/ Candidate 3 in presidential election

f2458772 Location:

Variable Format: character

Notes: UNF:5:YWyRnAjA4LKwk82h9SupMA==

Party 4: Name/ Candidate 4 in presidential election

f2458772 Location:

Variable Format: character

Notes: UNF:5:acwld9sOHni91x7agRBYaw==

Party 5: Name/ Candidate 5 in presidential election

f2458772 Location:

Variable Format: character

Notes: UNF:5:klxN1y8D31t+Ja6Io3X1KQ==

Party 6 Name/ Candidate 6 in presidential election

f2458772 Location:

Variable Format: character

Notes: UNF:5:2KXhJrx9+bXycp/aS6Ld8A==

Party 7: Name/ Candidate 7 in presidential election

f2458772 Location:

Variable Format: character

Notes: UNF:5:eESMJMRcgOv7k1nwLRnnxA==

Party 8: Name/ Candidate 8 in presidential election

f2458772 Location:

Variable Format: character

Notes: UNF:5:J+m6wvzO/CRZnVWTDjYLXw==

Party 9: Name/ Candidate 9 in presidential election

f2458772 Location:

Variable Format: character

Notes: UNF:5:raug6oE+WHuay1+n+ETfwQ==

Party 10: Name/ Candidate 10 in presidential election

f2458772 Location:

Variable Format: character

Notes: UNF:5:FvO5iEGgCvZZdRdDsSSvbg==

Party 1: Abbreviation

f2458772 Location:

Variable Format: character

Notes: UNF:5:gGTgW/CgNc2pTt7GaEYTTw==

Party 2: Abbreviation

f2458772 Location:

Variable Format: character

Notes: UNF:5:Kih1ZBofc1Tz2kkFnCDNUg==

Party 3: Abbreviation

f2458772 Location:

Variable Format: character

Notes: UNF:5:IVearj3lH54KoSq3KIVdDA==

Party 4: Abbreviation

f2458772 Location:

Variable Format: character

Notes: UNF:5:uIA6PleOl2WqOIqCHx5uiw==

Party 5: Abbreviation

f2458772 Location:

Variable Format: character

Notes: UNF:5:LaqxPHN4c5lKdrNNr9pkWg==

Party 6: Abbreviation

f2458772 Location:

Variable Format: character

Notes: UNF:5:IcGZGWFn2evMd03VaG0h+A==

Party 7: Abbreviation

f2458772 Location:

Variable Format: character

Notes: UNF:5:U2TK/SfKRL57JYeQrJ04Gg==

Party 8: Abbreviation

f2458772 Location:

Variable Format: character

Notes: UNF:5:0Tl02QQaqePbAnRPGn6mFw==

Party 9: Abbreviation

f2458772 Location:

Variable Format: character

Notes: UNF:5:bYMG0gvI/Hq6RYk7RfP4ow==

Party 10: Abbreviation

f2458772 Location:

Variable Format: character

Notes: UNF:5:wRhfowBFbygST87SNQszdw==

Party 1: Leader/ Candidate 1 in presidential election

f2458772 Location:

Variable Format: character

Notes: UNF:5:nADwMFUVHEgNqhgsy7VSqg==

Party 2: Leader/ Candidate 2 in presidential election

f2458772 Location:

Variable Format: character

Notes: UNF:5:VK432PrF5Bb/HVqHkUhyDg==

Party 3: Leader/ Candidate 3 in presidential election

f2458772 Location:

Variable Format: character

Notes: UNF:5:AQOCZKQ2Bww3YQQtTO8JxQ==

Party 4: Leader/ Candidate 4 in presidential election

f2458772 Location:

Variable Format: character

Notes: UNF:5:BvEkWkx4cHWg9JzflMqwfw==

Party 5: Leader/ Candidate 5 in presidential election

f2458772 Location:

Variable Format: character

Notes: UNF:5:+E6+noDOWmC8rvLudy+L2w==

Party 6: Leader/ Candidate 6 in presidential election

f2458772 Location:

Variable Format: character

Notes: UNF:5:6bxnEE7LX64y9QuR+AQ/CA==

Party 7: Leader/ Candidate 7 in presidential election

f2458772 Location:

Variable Format: character

Notes: UNF:5:xw46cGsmPvC7aubn3bztEw==

Party 8: Leader/ Candidate 8 in presidential election

f2458772 Location:

Variable Format: character

Notes: UNF:5:5EZQMKX93P0ilIaIA7RiFA==

Party 9: Leader/ Candidate 9 in presidential election

f2458772 Location:

Variable Format: character

Notes: UNF:5:5eI+WempcUO9dGOw5Ufzvw==

Party 10: Leader/ Candidate 10 in presidential election

f2458772 Location:

Variable Format: character

Notes: UNF:5:s4XDDmS0FiwZ/46A1iCqKg==

Party 1: Seats in previous elections

f2458772 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:vF+QCKZY05VTRq4ZyASC6A==

Party 2: Seats in previous elections

f2458772 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:YVvQwNXAvbBmjryMlOrxsg==

Party 3: Seats in previous elections

f2458772 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:3VSDuVDhl1nJnEv0KLkEFg==

Party 4: Seats in previous elections

f2458772 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:wDpZI8P6cVBfZ6B2IHepmQ==

Party 5: Seats in previous elections

f2458772 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:drAxOkey18qUebFCVIfW2g==

Party 6: Seats in previous elections

f2458772 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:z9M/Kx5zMSPYpEfodSPFvA==

Party 7: Seats in previous elections

f2458772 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:Wv7Lk2HWBF8a/JhBF1FvFg==

Party 8: Seats in previous elections

f2458772 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:oaIrhcb4Bgd4vpzprFYbtw==

Party 9: Seats in previous elections

f2458772 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:pF9pDymzngNcpSpCfDXmoQ==

Party 10: Seats in previous elections

f2458772 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:qIT6SSwjKqjWwJC/B5mRCQ==

Number of Contested Seats

f2458772 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:L1riqrKQnNY2j3o5PenXuA==

Party 1: Seats

f2458772 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:S8U/5Exd+rFs+G5J9DkL3A==

Party 2: Seats

f2458772 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:4GQVrgzHdPpvCw429XNjJA==

Party 3: Seats

f2458772 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:8VV0kHwv1fB0ulP4h2vLcA==

Party 4: Seats

f2458772 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:Zp0vd17eMd4YQHKvcVM0SA==

Party 5: Seats

f2458772 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:PbeJ1Js29w4N+q9z2ZqC3A==

Party 6: Seats

f2458772 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:UoKAv5CW1Y+XZnI2jH7BoQ==

Party 7: Seats

f2458772 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:w/U4eBum+a3C2a732Hf13g==

Party 8: Seats

f2458772 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:UpbcuysGXGVeeH3aOAfb7A==

Party 9: Seats

f2458772 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:2XliC/M3I0bTCc3G/Lt/UA==

Party 10: Seats

f2458772 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:c3nE6hAhYMl+L8pJPfszSA==

Party 1: Seat change compared to previous election

f2458772 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:lo2P1YR3a2c5kLwq0ouybw==

Party 2: Seat change compared to previous election

f2458772 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:DIzudSZtZ4JH5dbU9zbHPg==

Party 3: Seat change compared to previous election

f2458772 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:SUZlhVNPTtLogdeW0v3RTA==

Party 4: Seat change compared to previous election

f2458772 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:Bk04bqcN3gxqWfCOLtaE2w==

Party 5: Seat change compared to previous election

f2458772 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:s5r9XzK3g6KHZRDdgoJYVA==

Party 6: Seat change compared to previous election

f2458772 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:0Lx0Gtk5SjYuQ33mVC+1hA==

Party 7: Seat change compared to previous election

f2458772 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:OrC9PhSWW1sQle5R0Hpufw==

Party 8: Seat change compared to previous election

f2458772 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:89983FkkL3RsY/n8bwE89w==

Party 9: Seat change compared to previous election

f2458772 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:G1VT72gXixPZtGHWik1D/w==

Party 10: Seat change compared to previous election

f2458772 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:0RIMKu2z5/sqQ3Phx9PwUA==

Party 1: Seat share

f2458772 Location:

Variable Format: character

Notes: UNF:5:xTogw1wwWRfYTaeDxMg/yw==

Party 2: Seat share

f2458772 Location:

Variable Format: character

Notes: UNF:5:WujpP6a9xjfOSO8u6CDeTA==

Party 3: Seat share

f2458772 Location:

Variable Format: character

Notes: UNF:5:wtm5jdBX2it6TncTLhzUAw==

Party 4: Seat share

f2458772 Location:

Variable Format: character

Notes: UNF:5:VfRYaZJcUPn+6lno6Vp0gw==

Party 5: Seat share

f2458772 Location:

Variable Format: character

Notes: UNF:5:AiAOXlLqvTGQ2M+UIGtNTQ==

Party 6: Seat share

f2458772 Location:

Variable Format: character

Notes: UNF:5:8ZkfYakaKIUCBHEywXbUFw==

Party 7: Seat share

f2458772 Location:

Variable Format: character

Notes: UNF:5:Dyji8/uFc8iTWJsbXbYxzA==

Party 8: Seat share

f2458772 Location:

Variable Format: character

Notes: UNF:5:4hV4slgf5uz29fR72E435g==

Party 9: Seat share

f2458772 Location:

Variable Format: character

Notes: UNF:5:iubC/NGIiykVlq8EgdYG3Q==

Party 10: Seat share

f2458772 Location:

Variable Format: character

Notes: UNF:5:vvSVasWYAS4dgxFj3s7ZXg==

Party 1: Votes

f2458772 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:y+nXl32JIR/ZO+0TZBdxnQ==

Party 2: Votes

f2458772 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:rjpY+IS+wNrjwKDlkdrMYQ==

Party 3: Votes

f2458772 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:wcJVMqTHBRR7PBni/5tP+w==

Party 4: Votes

f2458772 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:bDxiXrP/KAOcGgeCQhypHA==

Party 5: Votes

f2458772 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:Fax9Rw5M3RYsEGvKXnDuUw==

Party 6: Votes

f2458772 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:45Ha/l8sjJetduTjHyxBKA==

Party 7: Votes

f2458772 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:QraEpVKtB2Si7l6oM2Cjiw==

Party 8: Votes

f2458772 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:WtwVqOlEqU0IJz4oAa67Sw==

Party 9: Votes

f2458772 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:/AQFUDPe3gKMW9KTz7CQBQ==

Party 10: Votes

f2458772 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:AtjkZZz33MtwtQOREONCsA==

Party 1: Vote share

f2458772 Location:

Variable Format: character

Notes: UNF:5:5uehvsruaUgX89e70aipdQ==

Party 2: Vote share

f2458772 Location:

Variable Format: character

Notes: UNF:5:Pd/Lp1MMIneXvEdCMVS+AQ==

Party 3: Vote share

f2458772 Location:

Variable Format: character

Notes: UNF:5:QLQ5/JNaxkeepSFthhoJMw==

Party 4: Vote share

f2458772 Location:

Variable Format: character

Notes: UNF:5:5IFi9NbngCKdAZQT5iTt1A==

Party 5: Vote share

f2458772 Location:

Variable Format: character

Notes: UNF:5:3zq+uBQHV5UVYskpcBPEzg==

Party 6: Vote share

f2458772 Location:

Variable Format: character

Notes: UNF:5:ucQ2rDfT7YH8Wb8jwMKJMg==

Party 7: Vote share

f2458772 Location:

Variable Format: character

Notes: UNF:5:PVYERLDY+o6EQtETbtr38Q==

Party 8: Vote share

f2458772 Location:

Variable Format: character

Notes: UNF:5:/PB0pfat2Wy1M8DzuFPukA==

Party 9: Vote share

f2458772 Location:

Variable Format: character

Notes: UNF:5:YS0gdDksTprcwTJ4QLjHUg==

Party 10: Vote share

f2458772 Location:

Variable Format: character

Notes: UNF:5:v8qAq4e8/SfYdyBmqKeZKg==

Number of minor parties beyond the top 5

f2458772 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:aiU/bB82RDrKq6RWaCxpJg==

Seats of minor parties

f2458772 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:TwQwYvafRp9+BbdDQgixqw==

Votes of minor parties

f2458772 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:n3AsQNy+7S2SwA3oaPye6Q==

Seat share of minor parties

f2458772 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:aiU/bB82RDrKq6RWaCxpJg==

Vote share of minor parties

f2458772 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:aiU/bB82RDrKq6RWaCxpJg==

Party 1: Incumbent Party

f2458772 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:Cj7zgdds01D4k98LVVIvcQ==

Party 2: Incumbent Party

f2458772 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:tFQtZvkkSPNmQgXW9q+sRQ==

Party 3: Incumbent Party

f2458772 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:Jurzu65LJ1aRRaPzE1xN9w==

Party 4: Incumbent Party

f2458772 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:ZTmd9YUqkPZn6GVx15co7A==

Party 5: Incumbent Party

f2458772 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:Xg75OitIYTBcdmkABmdkkA==

Party 6: Incumbent Party

f2458772 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:ZtbOXTJewHuGn1sJ50RsLQ==

Party 7: Incumbent Party

f2458772 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:xFaVlU1xfsYVCY7wsKFR7g==

Party 8: Incumbent Party

f2458772 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:E8MMkmFWFtbyuL6oV/tVMw==

Party 9: Incumbent Party

f2458772 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:/CayAhINL7XBBNz7efKXQw==

Party 10: Incumbent Party

f2458772 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:kkP5ZmtpxCG+RGNPhZ3Isw==

Party 1: Government Party

f2458772 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:gW8hJRUp1wm8VWHBLV81JA==

Party 2: Government Party

f2458772 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:Wb9ERwwANd/KPPE2AMfuvQ==

Party 3: Government Party

f2458772 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:OYosIziYEQO7xj/HBr9l0g==

Party 4: Government Party

f2458772 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:X4pWEVC2U4HbuTNVFGVLeA==

Party 5: Government Party

f2458772 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:gQzWlmumW7nfuJhuBEpmCA==

Party 6: Government Party

f2458772 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:9c5+6POip/g6G7OI7hGE7w==

Party 7: Government Party

f2458772 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:bFrQYuy97df1DTggAOdiGA==

Party 8: Government Party

f2458772 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:l1mj8PGWRJISP5kJ8hKPhA==

Party 9: Government Party

f2458772 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:2D8mY6EBsG8KBLV8AhzRAw==

Party 10: Government Party

f2458772 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:xGqJcZaOCQH7BvWRxL+bvg==

Party 1: Enter/Exit Government

f2458772 Location:

Variable Format: character

Notes: UNF:5:YW6YJTaR80ZKLOSrfVWwIA==

Party 2: Enter/Exit Government

f2458772 Location:

Variable Format: character

Notes: UNF:5:u7abxIL/PZOr7xQPrY/SHg==

Party 3: Enter/Exit Government

f2458772 Location:

Variable Format: character

Notes: UNF:5:XaPd2GNdI6EeMB2K6ZixtA==

Party 4: Enter/Exit Government

f2458772 Location:

Variable Format: character

Notes: UNF:5:M9mdP+SNaMrKoN5zoI83fA==

Party 5: Enter/Exit Government

f2458772 Location:

Variable Format: character

Notes: UNF:5:7YRwFJJHwhHbz+IKzxKdSg==

Party 6: Enter/Exit Government

f2458772 Location:

Variable Format: character

Notes: UNF:5:h1Z5sMZsrmMCaTwTAXdj9Q==

Party 7: Enter/Exit Government

f2458772 Location:

Variable Format: character

Notes: UNF:5:87i+FpKn+/WfrtbxsTJoZA==

Party 8: Enter/Exit Government

f2458772 Location:

Variable Format: character

Notes: UNF:5:sre0utKYbeYu7aP3PU2/CA==

Party 9: Enter/Exit Government

f2458772 Location:

Variable Format: character

Notes: UNF:5:PC8qS4q39MEHxEuVs/c3Rw==

Party 10: Enter/Exit Government

f2458772 Location:

Variable Format: character

Notes: UNF:5:XYQ9UE8Vu/YI9x989NTQYw==

Election Code

f2458925 Location:

Variable Format: character

Notes: UNF:5:l/gelz9q6Ga9iG7Wo+Cv2Q==

Country Name

f2458925 Location:

Variable Format: character

Notes: UNF:5:O/LBjsW4dLU0WK/NWLgfXQ==

COW country code

f2458925 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency
850.	Indonesia	0
240.	Hanover	0
817.	Vietnam, Rep.	0
115.	Suriname	0
346.	Bosnia & Herzegovina	0
987.	Micronesia	1
475.	Nigeria	0
781.	Maldives	1
385.	Norway	1
910.	Papua New Guinea	0
41.	Haiti	0
704.	Uzbekistan	0
145.	Bolivia	0
551.	Zambia	0
54.	Dominica	0
404.	Guinea-Bissau	0
540.	Angola	1
694.	Qatar	0
840.	Philippines	1
368.	Lithuania	1
522.	Djibouti	1
265.	German Democratic Republic	0
360.	Romania	1
663.	Jordan	1
343.	Macedonia	0
591.	Seychelles	0
570.	Lesotho	0
42.	Dominican Republic	0
435.	Mauritania	1
95.	Panama	0
305.	Austria	1
630.	Iran	1
501.	Kenya	1
110.	Guyana	0
232.	Andorra	0
541.	Mozambique	0
40.	Cuba	1
750.	India	0
811.	Cambodia	1
705.	Kazakhstan	0
55.	Grenada	1
651.	Egypt	0
355.	Bulgaria	1
516.	Burundi	0
983.	Marshall Islands	0
500.	Uganda	0
80.	Belize	0
702.	Tajikistan	1
150.	Paraguay	1
316.	Czech Republic	3
670.	Saudi Arabia	0
666.	Israel	1
780.	Sri Lanka	0
100.	Colombia	0
790.	Nepal	1
359.	Moldova	0
60.	St. Kitts & Nevis	0
600.	Morocco	0
482.	Central African Republic	0
260.	German Federal Republic	0
760.	Bhutan	1
332.	Modena	0
970.	Nauru	0
337.	Tuscany	0
620.	Libya	0
93.	Nicaragua	0
616.	Tunisia	0
571.	Botswana	0
920.	New Zealand	0
349.	Slovenia	1
331.	San Marino	0
835.	Brunei	0
325.	Italy	1
947.	Tuvalu	0
830.	Singapore	0
371.	Armenia	1
245.	Bavaria	0
800.	Thailand	0
290.	Poland	0
210.	Netherlands	1
812.	Laos	0
92.	El Salvador	0
58.	Antigua & Barbuda	0
211.	Belgium	0
900.	Australia	1
94.	Costa Rica	0
56.	St. Lucia	0
366.	Estonia	0
375.	Finland	0
434.	Benin	0
432.	Mali	1
700.	Afghanistan	0
950.	Fiji	0
860.	East Timor	0
531.	Eritrea	0
452.	Ghana	1
390.	Denmark	0
690.	Kuwait	2
223.	Liechtenstein	0
626.	South Sudan	0
955.	Tonga	0
740.	Japan	2
580.	Madagascar	1
692.	Bahrain	0
255.	Germany	1
732.	Korea, Rep.	1
652.	Syria	0
940.	Solomon Islands	0
339.	Albania	1
713.	Taiwan	0
565.	Namibia	0
679.	Yemen	0
451.	Sierra Leone	1
730.	Korea	0
280.	Mecklenburg Schwerin	0
315.	Czechoslovakia	0
986.	Palau	0
90.	Guatemala	0
696.	United Arab Emirates	0
130.	Ecuador	1
31.	Bahamas	0
70.	Mexico	1
101.	Venezuela	2
225.	Switzerland	0
510.	Tanzania	0
370.	Belarus	1
420.	Gambia	0
135.	Peru	0
820.	Malaysia	1
572.	Swaziland	1
51.	Jamaica	0
625.	Sudan	0
553.	Malawi	0
490.	Congo, Dem. Rep.	0
483.	Chad	0
615.	Algeria	0
590.	Mauritius	0
771.	Bangladesh	0
160.	Argentina	1
369.	Ukraine	1
327.	Papal States	0
380.	Sweden	0
352.	Cyprus	1
438.	Guinea	1
341.	Montenegro	2
335.	Parma	0
698.	Oman	0
471.	Cameroon	1
57.	St. Vincent & the Grenadines	0
212.	Luxembourg	0
52.	Trinidad & Tobago	0
990.	Samoa	0
710.	China	0
317.	Slovakia	0
365.	Russia	0
411.	Equatorial Guinea	1
140.	Brazil	0
329.	Two Sicilies	0
205.	Ireland	0
461.	Togo	1
520.	Somalia	0
660.	Lebanon	0
91.	Honduras	1
395.	Iceland	1
155.	Chile	1
221.	Monaco	0
267.	Baden	0
560.	South Africa	0
20.	Canada	0
300.	Austria-Hungary	0
436.	Niger	0
53.	Barbados	1
481.	Gabon	0
731.	North Korea	0
338.	Malta	1
230.	Spain	0
701.	Turkmenistan	1
220.	France	0
530.	Ethiopia	0
403.	Sao Tome & Principe	0
645.	Iraq	0
450.	Liberia	0
484.	Congo	1
235.	Portugal	0
552.	Zimbabwe	1
373.	Azerbaijan	1
165.	Uruguay	0
770.	Pakistan	1
310.	Hungary	0
347.	Kosovo	0
946.	Kiribati	0
640.	Turkey	0
703.	Kyrgyzstan	0
433.	Senegal	0
816.	Vietnam	0
372.	Georgia	2
439.	Burkina Faso	1
935.	Vanuatu	0
2.	United States of America	1
712.	Mongolia	1
437.	Cote d'Ivoire	0
344.	Croatia	0
775.	Myanmar	0
402.	Cape Verde	0
200.	United Kingdom	0
350.	Greece	0
269.	Saxony	0
367.	Latvia	0
517.	Rwanda	1
581.	Comoros	0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:/ZwKbaswpc6u5BThoCVgDg==

Norris reference number

f2458925 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency
165.	Syria	0
1.	Afghanistan	0
105.	Malaysia	1
116.	Mongolia	1
58.	Fiji	0
168.	Tanzania	0
25.	Brunei Darussalam	0
101.	Luxembourg	0
41.	Congo, Republic of	1
35.	Chile	1
190.	Zambia	0
92.	Kyrgyzstan	0
171.	Tonga	0
188.	Yemen	0
54.	Equatorial Guinea	1
57.	Ethiopia	0
48.	Djibouti	1
180.	United Kingdom	0
31.	Canada	0
91.	Kuwait	2
51.	Ecuador	1
64.	Germany	1
56.	Estonia	0
11.	Azerbaijan	1
33.	Central African Republic	0
24.	Brazil	0
95.	Lebanon	0
107.	Mali	1
127.	Nigeria	0
37.	Colombia	0
4.	Andorra	0
84.	Japan	2
8.	Armenia	1
71.	Guyana	0
60.	France	0
125.	Nicaragua	0
112.	Mexico	1
10.	Austria	1
167.	Tajikistan	1
110.	Mauritania	1
113.	Micronesia	1
100.	Lithuania	1
136.	Philippines	1
121.	Nauru	0
39.	Congo, Democratic Republic of	0
29.	Cambodia	1
123.	Netherlands	1
87.	Kenya	1
27.	Burkina Faso	1
175.	Turkmenistan	1
176.	Tuvalu	0
5.	Angola	1
23.	Botswana	0
179.	United Arab Emirates	0
162.	Swaziland	1
128.	Norway	1
68.	Guatemala	0
117.	Morocco	0
160.	Sudan	0
148.	Seychelles	0
191.	Zimbabwe	1
182.	Uruguay	0
85.	Jordan	1
193.	Kosovo	0
181.	United States of America	1
118.	Mozambique	0
93.	Laos	0
20.	Bhutan	1
109.	Marshall Islands	0
13.	Bahrain	0
129.	Oman	0
2.	Albania	1
156.	Spain	0
138.	Portugal	0
135.	Peru	0
142.	Rwanda	1
61.	Gabon	0
32.	Cape Verde	0
185.	Venezuela	2
44.	Cuba	1
46.	Czech Republic	3
111.	Mauritius	0
147.	Senegal	0
141.	Russia	0
106.	Maldives	1
62.	Gambia	0
146.	Saudi Arabia	0
82.	Italy	1
9.	Australia	1
183.	Uzbekistan	0
72.	Haiti	0
63.	Georgia	2
102.	Macedonia	0
164.	Switzerland	0
137.	Poland	0
14.	Bangladesh	0
65.	Ghana	1
149.	Sierra Leone	1
21.	Bolivia	0
28.	Burundi	0
81.	Israel	1
103.	Madagascar	1
16.	Belarus	1
67.	Grenada	1
131.	Palau	0
186.	Vietnam	0
184.	Vanuatu	0
53.	El Salvador	0
126.	Niger	0
88.	Kiribati	0
174.	Turkey	0
79.	Iraq	0
19.	Benin	0
119.	Myanmar	0
70.	Guinea	1
34.	Chad	0
104.	Malawi	0
50.	Dominican Republic	0
90.	Korea, Republic of	1
151.	Slovakia	0
7.	Argentina	1
163.	Sweden	0
124.	New Zealand	0
26.	Bulgaria	1
6.	Antigua & Barbuda	0
3.	Algeria	0
192.	Timor Leste	0
166.	Taiwan	0
78.	Iran	1
150.	Singapore	0
66.	Greece	0
194.	Montenegro	2
189.	Serbia	0
96.	Lesotho	0
22.	Bosnia & Herzegovina	0
36.	China	0
59.	Finland	0
169.	Thailand	0
159.	St. Vincent& Grenadine	0
155.	South Africa	0
80.	Ireland	0
173.	Tunisia	0
83.	Jamaica	0
89.	Korea, DPR	0
145.	Sao Tome & Principe	0
42.	Cote d'Ivoire	0
43.	Croatia	0
73.	Honduras	1
154.	Somalia	0
77.	Indonesia	0
115.	Monaco	0
153.	Solomon Islands	0
76.	India	0
140.	Romania	1
139.	Qatar	0
130.	Pakistan	1
133.	Papua New Guinea	0
161.	Suriname	0
187.	Samoa	0
172.	Trinidad and Tobago	0
49.	Dominica	0
75.	Iceland	1
158.	St. Kitts & Nevis	0
120.	Namibia	0
52.	Egypt	0
97.	Liberia	0
94.	Latvia	0
122.	Nepal	1
144.	San Marino	0
38.	Comoros	0
15.	Barbados	1
69.	Guinea Bissau	0
114.	Moldova	0
177.	Uganda	0
108.	Malta	1
74.	Hungary	0
55.	Eritrea	0
40.	Costa Rica	0
17.	Belgium	0
18.	Belize	0
30.	Cameroon	1
99.	Liechenstein	0
170.	Togo	1
12.	Bahamas	0
47.	Denmark	0
178.	Ukraine	1
143.	St. Lucia	0
134.	Paraguay	1
152.	Slovenia	1
86.	Kazakhstan	0
45.	Cyprus	1
157.	Sri Lanka	0
132.	Panama	0
98.	Libya	0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:sidDxDzr6G7WJ8knN+U7ug==

Year

f2458925 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:8EfyVhrhSb+AFjVZtWmZrw==

Election date

f2458925 Location:

Variable Format: character

Notes: UNF:5:uVCt04xeGtgqi8EAx3ubHg==

Presidential election=1, 0 otherwise

f2458925 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency	Text
0.	Legislative	48
1.	Presidential	25

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:WxUQiCoUVjpLtVmmbi8agg==

PEI expert responses, by election

f2458925 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:cNcJTXJOOUHtVsw0wG6sMA==

PEI experts invited, by election

f2458925 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:WO3E7geMEFPuyrmakI3ubw==

PEI response rate, by election

f2458925 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:QP9nA7QQ1ffuPrEEc64Q6w==

COUNTRYDATA

f2458925 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:z/OhY+Da9mTx33saQsXe3Q==

Freedom House Political Rights Scale

f2458925 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:On45fxaf/YeIoVqaOcyauw==

Freedom House Civil Liberties Scale

f2458925 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:OZN4NCPKrEVqWh2FTkcl9g==

Freedom House Category (Free,Partially Free, Not Free)

f2458925 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency
0.	Not Free	17
1.	Partly Free	24
2.	Free	30

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:UGj8JXJfpk7kwS8e96XPaA==

Polity combined score (-10->+10), 2013 obs have 2012 values

f2458925 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:vAdxd+jcSZVUYTv9Y1Ic/Q==

Polity combined score with mean subst for missing codes, 2013 obs have 2012 valu

f2458925 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:YLgL8h6evuIQKYmTifoVbA==

# years since the last regime transition (3pt or greater), 2013 has 2012 values

f2458925 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:Ui507nVCsf+1cWLzPFkKZg==

World Bank income level (Low, lower-middle, upper-middle, high)

f2458925 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency
3.	Upper-middle	21
1.	low	13
2.	Lower-middle	17
4.	High	22

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:Ej+oUhQOm0vKvmhza0Erbg==

Gross National Income, PPP, constant 2000 intl$, 2013 has 2012 values

f2458925 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:c0J3Iat141rgTDZ9PKpFLg==

Geographic region (UN classification)

f2458925 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency
2.	Americas	12
5.	Oceania	2
3.	Asia	22
4.	Europe	20
1.	Africa	17

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:X68HQZo8CiG1EI2bhEhoUA==

World Bank region (1-9)

f2458925 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency
4.	South Asia	4
5.	Eastern Europe & Central Asia	18
8.	North Africa	0
3.	East Asia & Oceania	9
2.	West Africa	10
9.	Americas	12
6.	Europe	8
7.	Middle East	5
1.	Eastern & Southern Africa	7

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:zSyrX0xTDzOuGLZSNfVehg==

OECD country (0/1)

f2458925 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency	Text
1.	OECD	17
0.	non-OECD	56

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:PmCyMa1ICdYsP3HJF3uo1Q==

OVERALL INTEGRITY RATING

f2458925 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:z/OhY+Da9mTx33saQsXe3Q==

PEI index of electoral integrity, individual

f2458925 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:jj5GHnZeXUY3+DsLWVjGjg==

PEI Index (raw individual), low ci

f2458925 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:nsFTd9dR4T6xdbGlFW+UTQ==

PEI Index (raw individual), high ci

f2458925 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:0a8un8Dpi/R512HNn8hqpw==

PEI index of electoral integrity, imputed

f2458925 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:VsBb36+jSix6d9q6vEwaLw==

PEI Index (imputed), low ci

f2458925 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:oPinJPFce885QvVUyC3vWQ==

PEI Index (imputed), high ci

f2458925 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:2WObaMpUxVepLUjMukAv2g==

Rank of election according to PEI experts

f2458925 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:rKumwJ8f5qBbdktYC+24tg==

PEI Index type (high, medium, low)

f2458925 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency
2.	Medium	24
1.	High	24
3.	Low	25

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:dhvLpriNaa/KDpajJd33pg==

Rate electoral integrity of the election (1=very poor->10=very good)

f2458925 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:52i1YRPj+o+29dCWrtaIrA==

Rating, low ci

f2458925 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:RexpfR1J5fWoypdhXSd4pQ==

Rating, high ci

f2458925 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:RKHhquVA4CSgKeIVJ/4RRA==

ELECTORAL LAWS SECTION

f2458925 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:z/OhY+Da9mTx33saQsXe3Q==

1-1a. Electoral laws were unfair to smaller parties (1-5)[N]

f2458925 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:kHtAv5e4fFkJEn7603FPtw==

1-1b. Electoral laws were unfair to smaller parties (Reversed coding)

f2458925 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:kvOMCHyBuwq/Vo6xIadTHw==

1-2a. Electoral laws favored the governing party or parties (1-5)[N]

f2458925 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:37QuvnuHVtrHGNCyCOXYiw==

1-2b. Electoral laws favored the governing party or parties (Reversed coding)

f2458925 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:0ZcJ7RhSAUEI93fR4RqXHg==

1-3a. Elections laws restricted citizens' rights (1-5)[N]

f2458925 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:oIHQtvFMc9f2sSBc1j7Yjw==

1-3b. Elections laws restricted citizens' rights (Reversed coding)

f2458925 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:rKbQD2ScKAIosxsnhYGWIA==

1-4. Electoral laws index (20-100)

f2458925 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:Lrwz13FMyUzWtFygj6HdIA==

1-4i. Electoral laws index (20-100), imputed

f2458925 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:XBUjrMnp/YjUeGCd8gLTwg==

ELECTORAL PROCEDURES SECTION

f2458925 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:z/OhY+Da9mTx33saQsXe3Q==

2-1. Elections were well managed (1-5)[P]

f2458925 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:4l63c+m7MqEO6mEzyLG5Cw==

2-2. Information about voting procedures was widely available (1-5)[P]

f2458925 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:ww2qlHVGtb4wsKI+7gictg==

2-3. Election officials were fair (1-5)[P]

f2458925 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:LsSZXd4zi7tO2AWcaIJZOw==

2-4. Elections were conducted in accordance with the law (1-5)[P]

f2458925 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:cNWMx/23uXUPH6kWdCtMYQ==

2-5. Electoral procedures index (25-100)

f2458925 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:1s8qoGvuG3Y2K9v9BJpBFQ==

2-5i. Electoral procedures index (25-100), imputed

f2458925 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:QbLZbWomJkKDOkWO/u/jNQ==

BOUNDARIES FOR VOTING DISTRICTS SECTION

f2458925 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:z/OhY+Da9mTx33saQsXe3Q==

3-1a. Boundaries discriminated against some parties (1-5)[N]

f2458925 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:wc5RuWM+DV1lUg8bzdZsUA==

3-1b. Boundaries discriminated against some parties (Reversed coding)

f2458925 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:AVYRSpJRGbCeShhvvAqCXg==

3-2a. Boundaries favored incumbents (1-5)[N]

f2458925 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:ye661S+B4tbM5h8mNsRO9w==

3-2b. Boundaries favored incumbents (Reversed coding)

f2458925 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:eFK1GvzKkVsi4fxpVbI1Qw==

3-3. Boundaries were impartial (1-5)[P]

f2458925 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:ClRfCDtg3CuepLM5QPboYw==

3-4. Voting district boundaries index (20-100)

f2458925 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:CrF2JzzgJP3cMDAHQxC/wA==

3-4i. Voting district boundaries index (20-100), imputed

f2458925 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:BnLJOQbkaYT9osSF8ZBXTw==

VOTER REGISTRATION SECTION

f2458925 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:z/OhY+Da9mTx33saQsXe3Q==

4-1a. Some citizens were not listed in the register (1-5)[N]

f2458925 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:+8qZUAhGGnPcMqWPtg91hw==

4-1b. Some citizens were not listed in the register (Reversed coding)

f2458925 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:sb0+G9su3TqNY9WVtJY7+g==

4-2a. The electoral register was inaccurate (1-5)[N]

f2458925 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:gyW+sqoxV85iSRfKQwU5+g==

4-2b. The electoral register was inaccurate (Reversed coding)

f2458925 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:brA6L/Zx2AMeGGPlWx4QEQ==

4-3a. Some ineligible electors were registered (1-5)[N]

f2458925 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:/n2QSmOoqwxZw1X5/EOTNQ==

4-3b. Some ineligible electors were registered (Reversed coding)

f2458925 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:jW3i3XMpxWJtdh9ss31JOA==

4-4. Voter registration index (20-100)

f2458925 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:ZA6NWWKBInnRWSdRxp53BA==

4-4i. Voter registration index (20-100), imputed

f2458925 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:L8oGUzNox8u5YJyHsVztpg==

PARTY AND CANDIDATE REGISTRATION SECTION

f2458925 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:z/OhY+Da9mTx33saQsXe3Q==

5-1a. Some opposition candidates were prevented from running (1-5)[N]

f2458925 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:TDo2Q1WZrykP7afwQV4a/Q==

5-1b. Some opposition candidates were prevented from running (Reversed coding)

f2458925 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:r1RsDUxy02R02PB4Rd/92g==

5-2. Women had equal opportunities to run for office (1-5)[P]

f2458925 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:KzdbdjBixp3NP691bzGOXQ==

5-3. Ethnic and national minorities had equal opportunities to run for office (1

f2458925 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:5sqTTs2FFlKk0E4Yd7vCOg==

5-4a. Only top party leaders selected candidates (1-5)[N]

f2458925 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:Az6m3NslwxcnsMANnhEryw==

5-4b. Only top party leaders selected candidates (Reversed coding)

f2458925 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:Yywk/Jv0p3X81RALebNTDg==

5-5a. Some parties/candidates were restricted from holding campaign rallies (1-5

f2458925 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:cIEXYS3oROnA1iLkzsCiiw==

5-5b. Some parties/candidates were restricted from holding campaign rallies (Rev

f2458925 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:VLpCSkcveMBTaedqqJDzkw==

5-6. Party and candidate registration index (20-100)

f2458925 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:5DHopqPm/e9fSJKgh/rlAw==

5-6i. Party and candidate registration index (20-100), imputed

f2458925 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:tiSlKUaLR8RqEi9ePL06ow==

MEDIA COVERAGE SECTION

f2458925 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:z/OhY+Da9mTx33saQsXe3Q==

6-1. Newspapers provided balanced election news (1-5)[P]

f2458925 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:iOT/t9H9smncUlyxLUyLtA==

6-2a. TV news favored the governing party (1-5)[N]

f2458925 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:Gp3mQUlQiniwwspP2147Mg==

6-2b. TV news favored the governing party (Reversed coding)

f2458925 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:l5cPKDUigdTtkypgIfYXmg==

6-3. Parties/candidates had fair access to political broadcasts and advertising

f2458925 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:qxDy4jkPe8rDwP7kpFsegg==

6-4. Journalists provided fair coverage of the elections (1-5)[P]

f2458925 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:/bgBdA3qNPiDSFEfXAP/Cw==

6-5. Social media were used to expose electoral fraud (1-5)[P]

f2458925 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:eFjt7hQ/5P+d8DfRhkmRVw==

6-6. Media coverage index (20-100)

f2458925 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:BZ09Y/lK4tH8eGduxlyIqQ==

6-6i. Media coverage index (20-100), imputed

f2458925 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:Ah2BnxGjtWnZhqZPlKdauQ==

CAMPAIGN FINANCE SECTION

f2458925 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:z/OhY+Da9mTx33saQsXe3Q==

7-1. Parties/candidates had equitable access to public political subsidies(1-5)[

f2458925 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:mjo85mhTPCSaZeStVLr0Ug==

7-2. Parties/candidates had equitable access to political donations(1-5)[P]

f2458925 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:ZJfsw3hn+I2q14WzMgSd6Q==

7-3. Parties/candidates publish transparent financial accounts(1-5)[P]

f2458925 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:LyiOAJJy1+du7p1iwWCwoQ==

7-4a. Rich people buy elections (1-5)[N]

f2458925 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:1Cew/eUbBAiY3iI/T+sxNA==

7-4b. Rich people buy elections (Reversed coding)

f2458925 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:Bkaj4z8XpFtpFm5m5v2sDw==

7-5a. Some state resources were improperly used for campaigning (1-5)[N]

f2458925 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:F0KOtqKabuFgSc1Z9O4uvA==

7-5b. Some state resources were improperly used for campaigning (Reversed coding

f2458925 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:ZPAi6kV1CSYMpr5F/RDchQ==

7-6. Campaign finance index (20-100)

f2458925 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:cBNP0nvCqg3tOmrUjf2F8A==

7-6i. Campaign finance index (20-100), imputed

f2458925 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:KDbyBu+68p5o7AeQkDRThg==

VOTING PROCESS SECTION

f2458925 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:z/OhY+Da9mTx33saQsXe3Q==

8-1a. Some voters were threatened with violence at the polls(1-5)[N]

f2458925 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:NmqMFRyZWErfR2ZS9uji/g==

8-1b. Some voters were threatened with violence at the polls (Reversed coding)

f2458925 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:mHkkZqGAQclXoXeI5QU0+Q==

8-2a. Some fraudulent votes were cast (1-5)[N]

f2458925 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:fRCVJzbuyfTZxzgpNh91mA==

8-2b. Some fraudulent votes were cast (Reversed coding)

f2458925 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:QTOsz4mGlDvizOGRe9xbDg==

8-3. The process of voting was easy (1-1)[Y]

f2458925 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:K6yLMWnj4bl55LfSYcHD5g==

8-4. Voters were offered a genuine choice at the ballot box (1-5)[P]

f2458925 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:+u2sIBjlCH3qRiOQdaodnA==

8-5. Postal ballots were available (1-5)[P]

f2458925 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:rYtdGeL0cDRm/wMh3CuZXw==

8-6. Special voting facilities were available for the disabled (1-5)[P]

f2458925 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:OFU2avdrIx6e+2qdK9A+xw==

8-7. National citizens living abroad could vote (1-5)[P]

f2458925 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:GUZS4r8rfFfd+RseQ0eCaw==

8-8. Some form of internet voting was available (1-5)[P]

f2458925 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:wRhaJC/FgY5C5DiKUtdmMQ==

8-9. Voting process index (20-100)

f2458925 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:YTpj1V86/lXPdgEp2R5ycw==

8-9i. Voting process index (20-100), imputed

f2458925 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:ohCInpma2mC1KCwxciGZhA==

THE VOTE COUNT SECTION

f2458925 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:z/OhY+Da9mTx33saQsXe3Q==

9-1. Ballot boxes were secure (1-5)[P]

f2458925 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:sMflkW/czRNcrLxMOM5gGw==

9-2. The results were announced without undue delay (1-5)[P]

f2458925 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:+vByG1z9vPx/O8xBn2Ayrg==

9-3. Votes were counted fairly (1-5)[P]

f2458925 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:y1PiEunytLYx//zUv38J5g==

9-4a. Int'l election monitors were restricted (1-5)[N]

f2458925 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:8qHIklZIwGjaAAbc6uZpKQ==

9-4b. Int'l election monitors were restricted (Reversed coding)

f2458925 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:VEzGSWwUojoDgWlStSCsAQ==

9-5a. Domestic election monitors were restricted (1-5)[N]

f2458925 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:fX5nsiz1xqVVU38nQ3MsHQ==

9-5b. Domestic election monitors were restricted (Reversed coding)

f2458925 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:JFoPWEK2+U4qlGFfYoUGZQ==

9-6. Vote count index (20-100)

f2458925 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:hj6kRo6WN4WjlIY7K1zISg==

9-6i. Vote count index (20-100), imputed

f2458925 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:rN9G2QH01AZxSO6vkHFB7Q==

VOTING RESULTS SECTION

f2458925 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:z/OhY+Da9mTx33saQsXe3Q==

10-1a. Parties/candidates challenged the results (1-5)[N]

f2458925 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:UouDs3ahPNyR6ktVFWt0dA==

10-1b. Parties/candidates challenged the results (Reversed coding)

f2458925 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:SAn217mJwT5B6gtS9ay9pw==

10-2a. The election led to peaceful protests (1-5)[N]

f2458925 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:xDWE0UMWJXaHi0byIXfQTw==

10-2b. The election led to peaceful protests (Reversed coding)

f2458925 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:JDL/SNLRzV4SyIy6wCQLww==

10-3a. The election triggered violent protests (1-5)[N]

f2458925 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:74F3f6aiQoe51zU8bzCazA==

10-3b. The election triggered violent protests (Reversed coding)

f2458925 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:MtLLX2KTN/ccPzX/8IWlVg==

10-4. Any disputes were resolved through legal channels (1-5)[P]

f2458925 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:VM/Qc/UuuA91qV2JK5r+6w==

10-5. Results index (25-100)

f2458925 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:ewtC/SXqqwtteIpMUZAu/Q==

10-5i. Results index (25-100), imputed

f2458925 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:Xg03PF+JDRcCs09NVSt2eQ==

ELECTORAL AUTHORITIES SECTION

f2458925 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:z/OhY+Da9mTx33saQsXe3Q==

11-1. The election authorities were impartial (1-5)[P]

f2458925 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:89hlQGfY0ZE20kRaxx6ciA==

11-2. The authorities distributed information to citizens (1-5)[P]

f2458925 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:woXOJVpZGmB6HulwKBcrGQ==

11-3. The authorities allowed public scrutiny of their performance (1-5)[P]

f2458925 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:qZHfhXUaU120hHMdcmLdow==

11-4. The election authorities performed well (1-5)[P]

f2458925 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:Bonp5fylHu2k2J8Tfq18xQ==

11-5. Electoral authorities index (25-100)

f2458925 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:InQmyfPReAyxOaxPux2rTw==

11-5i. Electoral authorities index (25-100), imputed

f2458925 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:oQ7+fKrXgwDtjjxAWKVb+w==

GENERAL ELECTION QUESTIONS

f2458925 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:z/OhY+Da9mTx33saQsXe3Q==

13-1. How familiar are you with elections in this country?

f2458925 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:2rdacezDwSgvpG2nGkbpAg==

13-2. Which election (if more than 1) was most important

f2458925 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:Py2E2mVHoO/zZNhUEYSkOQ==

ORGANIZATIONAL CONFIDENCE SECTION

f2458925 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:z/OhY+Da9mTx33saQsXe3Q==

14-1. Confidence in the courts (1=none - 10=a great deal)

f2458925 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:WpTqXg38xl51eGXn2mCYkQ==

14-2. Confidence in the government (1=none - 10=a great deal)

f2458925 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:j0YT4pdqjICm1f+4LadDog==

14-3. Confidence in the parliament (1=none - 10=a great deal)

f2458925 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:OBkelUCEbLpvgb/TiWIuOA==

14-4. Confidence in the armed forces (1=none - 10=a great deal)

f2458925 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:GNKkSImfurziLQKoVelEeA==

14-5. Confidence in the police (1=none - 10=a great deal)

f2458925 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:epwCFK6VxkB3Cfg+iDQAiQ==

14-6. Confidence in the elect.authorities (1=none - 10=a great deal)

f2458925 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:jA0QHc5eGDCNfqHlm0JPQg==

14-7. Confidence in television (1=none - 10=a great deal)

f2458925 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:7z2S+2RKh7Bgd8Zx+wbfiw==

14-8. Confidence in the press (1=none - 10=a great deal)

f2458925 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:hHpKNfwiVru6kadyc1rPlQ==

14-9. Confidence in political parties (1=none - 10=a great deal)

f2458925 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:PJxuzodrRwaOCbw2xnpP3w==

EXPERT BACKGROUND SECTION

f2458925 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:z/OhY+Da9mTx33saQsXe3Q==

15-0. % domestic experts evaluation this election

f2458925 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:YJh0ZkK0LkbMEjGJpqXPeA==

15-1. Employment type

f2458925 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:y0xGHlkHJV8tjZJsNI+vJQ==

15-2. Works (or has worked) in the government public sector

f2458925 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:oKz3xiRVjhCAbwDrc5EE2A==

15-3. Works (or has worked) in a university

f2458925 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:1zs5ZEeVg95uR8fXj0uFww==

15-4. Works (or has worked) in private non-profit sector/NGOs

f2458925 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:iuCnzLh+MDGYRVvRBLqF3g==

15-5. Works (or has worked) in an international agency

f2458925 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:e83dFjFKFhFnDTfRP5vgpQ==

15-6. Works (or has worked) in an private business or industry

f2458925 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:ZJgUgDwCXNQQtQAKwzuO0A==

15-7. Most recent occupation

f2458925 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:w8m3YrpdHqD5YDiycPEbxw==

15-8. Expert's age group (by decade)

f2458925 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:6Hmf8dnqIb3CbOKTEDrTnQ==

15-9. Sex (1=female; 0=male)

f2458925 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:CsMlA8zqFk/LU0Y1o05Lzg==

15-10. Highest level of education

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Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:TVYAeECd0E1Ar4lnSoOk6w==

15-11. Were you born in this country?

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Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:wL+xsIXhEL4oXdNZwnGj4w==

15-12. # years lived in this country

f2458925 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:7OeeU3B6Bj96nEqVTW4dKg==

15-13. Expert was a candidate for elected office

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Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:4Whin1+AcuJFlkTALgRItA==

15-14. Expert was an elected representative

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Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:V0/Jm0+zfCZD3gu/jQzVkA==

15-15. Expert was an election activist

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Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:2w/3mqDjNB+7MmO4MUBGWg==

15-16. Expert was election NGO watch personnel

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Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:9mgR8mLTWSi69U4v1Kqqug==

15-17. Expert voted in this election

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Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:/qI19537Wp0vUD7shPdRow==

15-18. Expert did not participate in any role in this election

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Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:9JIsa23SAshzKc4hhTfaGg==

15-19. Expert was a national official electoral monitor

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Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:SBjZhS2Ilikg9ws0mG7fkw==

15-20. Expert was an election official

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Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:FuLAI9/XVlzCiMrwSrUPYw==

15-21. Expert is a citizen of this country

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Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:hnW1LP1mX/muDlngpe/9yA==

15-22. Support the winning or losing side

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Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:hUAaHcJ/WQzc2g8APLVisg==

15-23. Political views on 10pt left/right scale

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Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:EpcdYzJyQrAqynDvzm3fPw==

VIGNETTES SECTION

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Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:z/OhY+Da9mTx33saQsXe3Q==

16-1. Vignette A (Queues)

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Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:daGUhERJ7AfslwpGeop+eg==

16-2. Vignette B (Boycotts)

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Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:RYwTlnrn+liGTGZjf5xb/w==

16-3. Vignette C (Violence)

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Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:oRsMQoRkgeS3uEABJ/oHNQ==

ELECTION RESULT

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Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:z/OhY+Da9mTx33saQsXe3Q==

Local title of contested office

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Variable Format: character

Notes: UNF:5:LBxsftC6asqle3iUmGcq8Q==

Date of previous election

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Variable Format: character

Notes: UNF:5:w5l4njEnAmDF4nI0v/VArg==

Registered Voters

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Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:x0HCYtsjTeR+t02G3eKf3g==

Valid Votes

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Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:ujyF1qkO0xLsZHfpIy6EyQ==

Invalid/Blank Votes

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Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:OrIgP8Ycjc52k8m1T5Vnng==

Election turnout

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Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:lIXIeh8LNLnvztHaXjQB7A==

Party 1: Name/ Candidate 1 in presidential election

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Variable Format: character

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Party 2: Name/ Candidate 2 in presidential election

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Variable Format: character

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Party 3: Name/ Candidate 3 in presidential election

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Variable Format: character

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Party 4: Name/ Candidate 4 in presidential election

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Variable Format: character

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Party 5: Name/ Candidate 5 in presidential election

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Variable Format: character

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Party 6 Name/ Candidate 6 in presidential election

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Variable Format: character

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Party 7: Name/ Candidate 7 in presidential election

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Variable Format: character

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Party 8: Name/ Candidate 8 in presidential election

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Variable Format: character

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Party 9: Name/ Candidate 9 in presidential election

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Variable Format: character

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Party 10: Name/ Candidate 10 in presidential election

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Variable Format: character

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Party 1: Abbreviation

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Party 2: Abbreviation

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Party 3: Abbreviation

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Party 4: Abbreviation

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Variable Format: character

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Party 5: Abbreviation

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Variable Format: character

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Party 6: Abbreviation

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Variable Format: character

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Party 7: Abbreviation

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Variable Format: character

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Party 8: Abbreviation

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Variable Format: character

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Party 9: Abbreviation

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Variable Format: character

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Party 10: Abbreviation

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Variable Format: character

Notes: UNF:5:pmjc9Eolq3MwQaqQSxLi7g==

Party 1: Leader/ Candidate 1 in presidential election

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Variable Format: character

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Party 2: Leader/ Candidate 2 in presidential election

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Variable Format: character

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Party 3: Leader/ Candidate 3 in presidential election

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Variable Format: character

Notes: UNF:5:kc9ZpGlA57F5phCOpX5rgQ==

Party 4: Leader/ Candidate 4 in presidential election

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Variable Format: character

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Party 5: Leader/ Candidate 5 in presidential election

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Variable Format: character

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Party 6: Leader/ Candidate 6 in presidential election

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Variable Format: character

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Party 7: Leader/ Candidate 7 in presidential election

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Variable Format: character

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Party 8: Leader/ Candidate 8 in presidential election

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Variable Format: character

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Party 9: Leader/ Candidate 9 in presidential election

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Variable Format: character

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Party 10: Leader/ Candidate 10 in presidential election

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Variable Format: character

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Party 1: Seats in previous elections

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Variable Format: numeric

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Party 2: Seats in previous elections

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Variable Format: numeric

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Party 3: Seats in previous elections

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Variable Format: numeric

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Party 4: Seats in previous elections

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Variable Format: numeric

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Party 5: Seats in previous elections

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Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:drAxOkey18qUebFCVIfW2g==

Party 6: Seats in previous elections

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Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:z9M/Kx5zMSPYpEfodSPFvA==

Party 7: Seats in previous elections

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Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:Wv7Lk2HWBF8a/JhBF1FvFg==

Party 8: Seats in previous elections

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Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:oaIrhcb4Bgd4vpzprFYbtw==

Party 9: Seats in previous elections

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Variable Format: numeric

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Party 10: Seats in previous elections

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Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:qIT6SSwjKqjWwJC/B5mRCQ==

Number of Contested Seats

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Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:L1riqrKQnNY2j3o5PenXuA==

Party 1: Seats

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Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:S8U/5Exd+rFs+G5J9DkL3A==

Party 2: Seats

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Variable Format: numeric

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Party 3: Seats

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Variable Format: numeric

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Party 4: Seats

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Variable Format: numeric

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Party 5: Seats

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Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:PbeJ1Js29w4N+q9z2ZqC3A==

Party 6: Seats

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Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:UoKAv5CW1Y+XZnI2jH7BoQ==

Party 7: Seats

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Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:w/U4eBum+a3C2a732Hf13g==

Party 8: Seats

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Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:UpbcuysGXGVeeH3aOAfb7A==

Party 9: Seats

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Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:2XliC/M3I0bTCc3G/Lt/UA==

Party 10: Seats

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Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:c3nE6hAhYMl+L8pJPfszSA==

Party 1: Seat change compared to previous election

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Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:lo2P1YR3a2c5kLwq0ouybw==

Party 2: Seat change compared to previous election

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Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:DIzudSZtZ4JH5dbU9zbHPg==

Party 3: Seat change compared to previous election

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Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:SUZlhVNPTtLogdeW0v3RTA==

Party 4: Seat change compared to previous election

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Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:Bk04bqcN3gxqWfCOLtaE2w==

Party 5: Seat change compared to previous election

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Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:s5r9XzK3g6KHZRDdgoJYVA==

Party 6: Seat change compared to previous election

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Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:0Lx0Gtk5SjYuQ33mVC+1hA==

Party 7: Seat change compared to previous election

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Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:OrC9PhSWW1sQle5R0Hpufw==

Party 8: Seat change compared to previous election

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Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:89983FkkL3RsY/n8bwE89w==

Party 9: Seat change compared to previous election

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Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:G1VT72gXixPZtGHWik1D/w==

Party 10: Seat change compared to previous election

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Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:0RIMKu2z5/sqQ3Phx9PwUA==

Party 1: Seat share

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Variable Format: character

Notes: UNF:5:3RYrGSepDueMdjqn/tHdgA==

Party 2: Seat share

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Variable Format: character

Notes: UNF:5:OqOg03lB4LErpavAClDodQ==

Party 3: Seat share

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Variable Format: character

Notes: UNF:5:iK+IMvmXJZ3CASD9uPA1SA==

Party 4: Seat share

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Variable Format: character

Notes: UNF:5:ItBngR9W597S3EEGkv4c9g==

Party 5: Seat share

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Variable Format: character

Notes: UNF:5:pHvx4kYRIK0YhHwGQX488A==

Party 6: Seat share

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Variable Format: character

Notes: UNF:5:zzmsp3rflI8XzQb05X1dVw==

Party 7: Seat share

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Variable Format: character

Notes: UNF:5:eNoF+kQOXKhiC2WO/yJgmg==

Party 8: Seat share

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Variable Format: character

Notes: UNF:5:oVT1mFxWF2IVFKopo8Tb5g==

Party 9: Seat share

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Variable Format: character

Notes: UNF:5:WL3bfvodtD5/WmGHriV+Sw==

Party 10: Seat share

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Variable Format: character

Notes: UNF:5:3etob6Q/0Z2+F2v4zmgiHA==

Party 1: Votes

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Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:y+nXl32JIR/ZO+0TZBdxnQ==

Party 2: Votes

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Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:rjpY+IS+wNrjwKDlkdrMYQ==

Party 3: Votes

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Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:wcJVMqTHBRR7PBni/5tP+w==

Party 4: Votes

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Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:bDxiXrP/KAOcGgeCQhypHA==

Party 5: Votes

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Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:Fax9Rw5M3RYsEGvKXnDuUw==

Party 6: Votes

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Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:45Ha/l8sjJetduTjHyxBKA==

Party 7: Votes

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Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:QraEpVKtB2Si7l6oM2Cjiw==

Party 8: Votes

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Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:WtwVqOlEqU0IJz4oAa67Sw==

Party 9: Votes

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Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:/AQFUDPe3gKMW9KTz7CQBQ==

Party 10: Votes

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Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:AtjkZZz33MtwtQOREONCsA==

Party 1: Vote share

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Variable Format: character

Notes: UNF:5:8Kh/71Xkj/64dURASVfHSw==

Party 2: Vote share

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Variable Format: character

Notes: UNF:5:spaOUeYzy1S6vtRz9sNDew==

Party 3: Vote share

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Variable Format: character

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Party 4: Vote share

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Variable Format: character

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Party 5: Vote share

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Variable Format: character

Notes: UNF:5:qCA9jmTd5qZBh004vKmNGg==

Party 6: Vote share

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Variable Format: character

Notes: UNF:5:f5DW2rGJpPgr08JVK+EAgw==

Party 7: Vote share

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Variable Format: character

Notes: UNF:5:oywmWTpUq+4GXhucOAl38g==

Party 8: Vote share

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Variable Format: character

Notes: UNF:5:tu1pqnA9FiASqhb1rUgbvQ==

Party 9: Vote share

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Variable Format: character

Notes: UNF:5:SHsnTc0dhYSq/1Rv6Dfqew==

Party 10: Vote share

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Variable Format: character

Notes: UNF:5:DtuXEjWmEJE4OHMAwxe5Og==

Number of minor parties beyond the top 5

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Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:aiU/bB82RDrKq6RWaCxpJg==

Seats of minor parties

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Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:TwQwYvafRp9+BbdDQgixqw==

Votes of minor parties

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Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:n3AsQNy+7S2SwA3oaPye6Q==

Seat share of minor parties

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Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:aiU/bB82RDrKq6RWaCxpJg==

Vote share of minor parties

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Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:aiU/bB82RDrKq6RWaCxpJg==

Party 1: Incumbent Party

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Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:Cj7zgdds01D4k98LVVIvcQ==

Party 2: Incumbent Party

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Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:tFQtZvkkSPNmQgXW9q+sRQ==

Party 3: Incumbent Party

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Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:Jurzu65LJ1aRRaPzE1xN9w==

Party 4: Incumbent Party

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Party 5: Incumbent Party

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Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:Xg75OitIYTBcdmkABmdkkA==

Party 6: Incumbent Party

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Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:ZtbOXTJewHuGn1sJ50RsLQ==

Party 7: Incumbent Party

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Variable Format: numeric

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Party 8: Incumbent Party

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Variable Format: numeric

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Party 9: Incumbent Party

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Variable Format: numeric

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Party 10: Incumbent Party

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Notes: UNF:5:kkP5ZmtpxCG+RGNPhZ3Isw==

Party 1: Government Party

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Notes: UNF:5:gW8hJRUp1wm8VWHBLV81JA==

Party 2: Government Party

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Party 3: Government Party

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Party 4: Government Party

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Notes: UNF:5:X4pWEVC2U4HbuTNVFGVLeA==

Party 5: Government Party

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Notes: UNF:5:gQzWlmumW7nfuJhuBEpmCA==

Party 6: Government Party

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Notes: UNF:5:9c5+6POip/g6G7OI7hGE7w==

Party 7: Government Party

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Notes: UNF:5:bFrQYuy97df1DTggAOdiGA==

Party 8: Government Party

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Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:l1mj8PGWRJISP5kJ8hKPhA==

Party 9: Government Party

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Notes: UNF:5:2D8mY6EBsG8KBLV8AhzRAw==

Party 10: Government Party

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Notes: UNF:5:xGqJcZaOCQH7BvWRxL+bvg==

Party 1: Enter/Exit Government

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Notes: UNF:5:aJyjQSVXoKREKIir/3bcug==

Party 2: Enter/Exit Government

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Party 3: Enter/Exit Government

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Party 4: Enter/Exit Government

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Party 5: Enter/Exit Government

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Variable Format: character

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Party 6: Enter/Exit Government

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Party 7: Enter/Exit Government

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Party 8: Enter/Exit Government

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Party 9: Enter/Exit Government

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Variable Format: character

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Party 10: Enter/Exit Government

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Variable Format: character

Notes: UNF:5:w45sRgSJ4ktE0XbPbz460A==

Expert Reference number

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Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:R0uvnqpLfDmqxq5GVfWnjA==

Election country and date

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Variable Format: character

Notes: UNF:5:Lf14D6DX+TDw0BTQZHyTrg==

Country Name

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Variable Format: character

Notes: UNF:5:aBKZ6rpJ5IRlpUmdw+j69w==

COW country code

f2458771 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency	Text
517.	Rwanda	0
316.	Czech Republic	0
53.	Barbados	0
987.	Micronesia	0
41.	Haiti	0
471.	Cameroon	0
645.	Iraq	0
325.	Italy	0
369.	Ukraine	0
360.	Romania	0
703.	Kyrgyzstan	0
436.	Niger	0
355.	Bulgaria	0
775.	Myanmar	0
450.	Liberia	0
500.	Uganda	0
130.	Ecuador	0
935.	Vanuatu	0
616.	Tunisia	0
380.	Sweden	0
403.	Sao Tome & Principe	0
31.	Bahamas	0
600.	Morocco	0
516.	Burundi	0
305.	Austria	0
255.	Germany	0
760.	Bhutan	0
232.	Andorra	0
705.	Kazakhstan	0
372.	Georgia	0
349.	Slovenia	0
435.	Mauritania	0
581.	Comoros	0
816.	Vietnam	0
983.	Marshall Islands	0
501.	Kenya	0
520.	Somalia	0
438.	Guinea	0
165.	Uruguay	0
240.	Hanover	0
475.	Nigeria	0
451.	Sierra Leone	0
329.	Two Sicilies	0
830.	Singapore	0
570.	Lesotho	0
955.	Tonga	0
335.	Parma	0
365.	Russia	0
590.	Mauritius	0
940.	Solomon Islands	0
530.	Ethiopia	0
205.	Ireland	0
402.	Cape Verde	0
679.	Yemen	0
771.	Bangladesh	0
368.	Lithuania	0
946.	Kiribati	0
750.	India	0
60.	St. Kitts & Nevis	0
670.	Saudi Arabia	0
540.	Angola	0
433.	Senegal	0
625.	Sudan	0
341.	Montenegro	0
704.	Uzbekistan	0
223.	Liechtenstein	0
346.	Bosnia & Herzegovina	0
698.	Oman	0
265.	German Democratic Republic	0
615.	Algeria	0
482.	Central African Republic	0
155.	Chile	0
522.	Djibouti	0
115.	Suriname	0
531.	Eritrea	0
385.	Norway	0
95.	Panama	0
820.	Malaysia	0
660.	Lebanon	0
90.	Guatemala	0
54.	Dominica	0
211.	Belgium	0
702.	Tajikistan	0
339.	Albania	0
696.	United Arab Emirates	0
651.	Egypt	0
850.	Indonesia	0
731.	North Korea	0
110.	Guyana	0
51.	Jamaica	0
541.	Mozambique	0
52.	Trinidad & Tobago	0
860.	East Timor	0
370.	Belarus	0
2.	United States of America	0
317.	Slovakia	0
800.	Thailand	0
344.	Croatia	0
947.	Tuvalu	0
290.	Poland	0
900.	Australia	0
781.	Maldives	0
490.	Congo, Dem. Rep.	0
140.	Brazil	0
80.	Belize	0
267.	Baden	0
439.	Burkina Faso	0
371.	Armenia	0
315.	Czechoslovakia	0
352.	Cyprus	0
432.	Mali	0
40.	Cuba	0
343.	Macedonia	0
245.	Bavaria	0
461.	Togo	0
390.	Denmark	0
551.	Zambia	0
225.	Switzerland	0
375.	Finland	0
770.	Pakistan	0
571.	Botswana	0
663.	Jordan	0
145.	Bolivia	0
713.	Taiwan	0
367.	Latvia	0
70.	Mexico	0
483.	Chad	0
212.	Luxembourg	0
101.	Venezuela	0
840.	Philippines	0
347.	Kosovo	0
235.	Portugal	0
300.	Austria-Hungary	0
55.	Grenada	0
327.	Papal States	0
694.	Qatar	0
811.	Cambodia	0
210.	Netherlands	0
420.	Gambia	0
580.	Madagascar	0
666.	Israel	0
160.	Argentina	0
93.	Nicaragua	0
553.	Malawi	0
332.	Modena	0
712.	Mongolia	0
552.	Zimbabwe	0
565.	Namibia	0
310.	Hungary	0
780.	Sri Lanka	0
200.	United Kingdom	0
220.	France	0
710.	China	0
640.	Turkey	0
337.	Tuscany	0
150.	Paraguay	0
135.	Peru	0
230.	Spain	0
652.	Syria	0
510.	Tanzania	0
57.	St. Vincent & the Grenadines	0
484.	Congo	0
411.	Equatorial Guinea	0
92.	El Salvador	0
910.	Papua New Guinea	0
404.	Guinea-Bissau	0
91.	Honduras	0
481.	Gabon	0
280.	Mecklenburg Schwerin	0
970.	Nauru	0
572.	Swaziland	0
630.	Iran	0
730.	Korea	0
58.	Antigua & Barbuda	0
701.	Turkmenistan	0
221.	Monaco	0
42.	Dominican Republic	0
56.	St. Lucia	0
690.	Kuwait	0
359.	Moldova	0
94.	Costa Rica	0
835.	Brunei	0
812.	Laos	0
950.	Fiji	0
986.	Palau	0
260.	German Federal Republic	0
350.	Greece	0
331.	San Marino	0
338.	Malta	0
692.	Bahrain	0
732.	Korea, Rep.	0
817.	Vietnam, Rep.	0
434.	Benin	0
560.	South Africa	0
920.	New Zealand	0
620.	Libya	0
700.	Afghanistan	0
740.	Japan	0
366.	Estonia	0
990.	Samoa	0
790.	Nepal	0
452.	Ghana	0
437.	Cote d'Ivoire	0
100.	Colombia	0
373.	Azerbaijan	0
269.	Saxony	0
626.	South Sudan	0
20.	Canada	0
591.	Seychelles	0
395.	Iceland	0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:gyLc7gKRb5PW6FE6+ayREQ==

Norris country identifier

f2458771 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency	Text
152.	Slovenia	0
165.	Syria	0
79.	Iraq	0
51.	Ecuador	0
129.	Oman	0
81.	Israel	0
1.	Afghanistan	0
182.	Uruguay	0
144.	San Marino	0
93.	Laos	0
23.	Botswana	0
29.	Cambodia	0
73.	Honduras	0
44.	Cuba	0
153.	Solomon Islands	0
163.	Sweden	0
98.	Libya	0
100.	Lithuania	0
10.	Austria	0
187.	Samoa	0
53.	El Salvador	0
184.	Vanuatu	0
3.	Algeria	0
13.	Bahrain	0
77.	Indonesia	0
17.	Belgium	0
35.	Chile	0
12.	Bahamas	0
173.	Tunisia	0
181.	United States of America	0
142.	Rwanda	0
139.	Qatar	0
104.	Malawi	0
157.	Sri Lanka	0
177.	Uganda	0
101.	Luxembourg	0
41.	Congo, Republic of	0
18.	Belize	0
183.	Uzbekistan	0
120.	Namibia	0
27.	Burkina Faso	0
160.	Sudan	0
161.	Suriname	0
6.	Antigua & Barbuda	0
91.	Kuwait	0
191.	Zimbabwe	0
26.	Bulgaria	0
9.	Australia	0
46.	Czech Republic	0
126.	Niger	0
70.	Guinea	0
167.	Tajikistan	0
119.	Myanmar	0
112.	Mexico	0
179.	United Arab Emirates	0
74.	Hungary	0
71.	Guyana	0
166.	Taiwan	0
68.	Guatemala	0
108.	Malta	0
25.	Brunei Darussalam	0
31.	Canada	0
193.	Kosovo	0
34.	Chad	0
134.	Paraguay	0
136.	Philippines	0
84.	Japan	0
188.	Yemen	0
37.	Colombia	0
45.	Cyprus	0
155.	South Africa	0
36.	China	0
106.	Maldives	0
123.	Netherlands	0
96.	Lesotho	0
63.	Georgia	0
109.	Marshall Islands	0
57.	Ethiopia	0
105.	Malaysia	0
111.	Mauritius	0
83.	Jamaica	0
99.	Liechenstein	0
175.	Turkmenistan	0
148.	Seychelles	0
145.	Sao Tome & Principe	0
146.	Saudi Arabia	0
117.	Morocco	0
88.	Kiribati	0
125.	Nicaragua	0
103.	Madagascar	0
168.	Tanzania	0
38.	Comoros	0
150.	Singapore	0
169.	Thailand	0
115.	Monaco	0
102.	Macedonia	0
110.	Mauritania	0
113.	Micronesia	0
20.	Bhutan	0
78.	Iran	0
121.	Nauru	0
158.	St. Kitts & Nevis	0
135.	Peru	0
52.	Egypt	0
186.	Vietnam	0
28.	Burundi	0
180.	United Kingdom	0
137.	Poland	0
107.	Mali	0
11.	Azerbaijan	0
62.	Gambia	0
162.	Swaziland	0
21.	Bolivia	0
61.	Gabon	0
59.	Finland	0
87.	Kenya	0
14.	Bangladesh	0
185.	Venezuela	0
64.	Germany	0
97.	Liberia	0
140.	Romania	0
147.	Senegal	0
133.	Papua New Guinea	0
154.	Somalia	0
60.	France	0
24.	Brazil	0
76.	India	0
141.	Russia	0
30.	Cameroon	0
7.	Argentina	0
15.	Barbados	0
16.	Belarus	0
174.	Turkey	0
42.	Cote d'Ivoire	0
19.	Benin	0
189.	Serbia	0
159.	St. Vincent& Grenadine	0
131.	Palau	0
194.	Montenegro	0
58.	Fiji	0
69.	Guinea Bissau	0
118.	Mozambique	0
49.	Dominica	0
92.	Kyrgyzstan	0
54.	Equatorial Guinea	0
8.	Armenia	0
95.	Lebanon	0
192.	Timor Leste	0
67.	Grenada	0
55.	Eritrea	0
128.	Norway	0
22.	Bosnia & Herzegovina	0
50.	Dominican Republic	0
170.	Togo	0
65.	Ghana	0
43.	Croatia	0
90.	Korea, Republic of	0
127.	Nigeria	0
116.	Mongolia	0
124.	New Zealand	0
2.	Albania	0
33.	Central African Republic	0
151.	Slovakia	0
4.	Andorra	0
56.	Estonia	0
39.	Congo, Democratic Republic of	0
132.	Panama	0
156.	Spain	0
86.	Kazakhstan	0
66.	Greece	0
172.	Trinidad and Tobago	0
5.	Angola	0
32.	Cape Verde	0
130.	Pakistan	0
114.	Moldova	0
176.	Tuvalu	0
190.	Zambia	0
143.	St. Lucia	0
94.	Latvia	0
40.	Costa Rica	0
48.	Djibouti	0
171.	Tonga	0
164.	Switzerland	0
80.	Ireland	0
47.	Denmark	0
178.	Ukraine	0
85.	Jordan	0
149.	Sierra Leone	0
75.	Iceland	0
89.	Korea, DPR	0
82.	Italy	0
72.	Haiti	0
122.	Nepal	0
138.	Portugal	0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:Jstw3mZ2ikNWD9MvSI7EGw==

year

f2458771 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:S9IajH87AQhSie/zuoPAsg==

Date of the election

f2458771 Location:

Variable Format: character

Notes: UNF:5:F39GyC3u9kspfULAOfcEwA==

Elected office: Pres.=1, 0 otherwise

f2458771 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency	Text
0.	Legislative	0
1.	Presidential	0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:FuC/dInyhD6/2oM5NGN4Ig==

COUNTRY DATA

f2458771 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:pqSK5ccQqsi2Q9Eq2P5ZhQ==

Freedom House Political Rights Scale

f2458771 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:A4oByrFfmxaMdTA6yKmr6g==

Freedom House Civil Liberties Scale

f2458771 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:FNYXjxwfDt319TwgOjrAbA==

Freedom House Category (Free,Partly Free,Not Free)

f2458771 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency
1.	Partially Free	292
0.	Not Free	140
2.	Free	415

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:JWINxLrOc80fhOaQ4ialwQ==

Polity combined score (-10->+10), 2013 obs have 2012 values

f2458771 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:uuPW6Jf8TGg48fh25yQbzg==

Polity combined score with mean subst for missing codes, 2013 obs have 2012 valu

f2458771 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:siXpsCxXAxrtoba9UCKppg==

# years since the last regime transition (3pt or greater), 2013 has 2012 values

f2458771 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:bDR96vWtN8sXfEhMVrbC/g==

World Bank income level (Low, lower-middle, upper-middle, high)

f2458771 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency	Text
2.	Lower-middle income	0
1.	Low income	0
3.	Upper-middle income	0
4.	High income	0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:pf596+/iampR4ZwvO464Nw==

Gross National Income, PPP, constant 2000 intl$, 2013 has 2012 values

f2458771 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:OZWwB+3UpgIyQLqISj9gMQ==

Geographic region (UN classification, 1-5)

f2458771 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency	Text
2.	Americas	0
5.	Oceania	0
1.	Africa	0
4.	Europe	0
3.	Asia	0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:LQMNwrFLtLMArXLsksYgBw==

Geographic region (World Bank classification, 1-9)

f2458771 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency	Text
8.	North Africa	0
1.	Eastern & Southern Africa	0
3.	East Asia & Oceania	0
4.	South Asia	0
7.	Middle East	0
6.	Europe	0
5.	Eastern Europe & Central Asia	0
9.	Americas	0
2.	West Africa	0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:9AIj0NjRvNT08k0jJ4cn9g==

OECD country (0/1)

f2458771 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency	Text
1.	OECD	0
0.	non-OECD	0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:4byMOxZBB+Ci10XFm+FlFQ==

OVERALL INTEGRITY RATING

f2458771 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:pqSK5ccQqsi2Q9Eq2P5ZhQ==

Rate electoral integrity of the election (1=very poor->10=very good

f2458771 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:BoZ2EHAdUMG0Sb8RTEN7VA==

PEI index of electoral integrity, individual

f2458771 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:zHgiDZpSKX6Acjot0fYomQ==

PEI index of electoral integrity, imputed

f2458771 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:w/r855nyZ/y5R0lo9hxITQ==

ELECTORAL LAWS SECTION

f2458771 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:pqSK5ccQqsi2Q9Eq2P5ZhQ==

1-1a. Electoral laws were unfair to smaller parties (1-5)[N]

f2458771 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency
2147483625.	Don't know	0
5.	Strongly Agree	126
2.	Disagree	246
1.	Strongly Disagree	136
3.	Neither agree nor disagree	103
4.	Agree	200
2147483635.	Not Applicable	0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:9gUodhErjADQA8P0yJKlPw==

1-1b. Electoral laws were unfair to smaller parties (Reversed coding)

f2458771 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency
4.	Disagree	246
1.	Strongly Agree	126
2147483625.	Don't know	0
5.	Strongly Disagree	136
2.	Agree	200
2147483635.	Not Applicable	0
3.	Neither agree nor disagree	103

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:w7rB0AKKTtSos2+OwuPEsw==

1-2a. Electoral laws favored the governing party or parties (1-5)[N]

f2458771 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency
1.	Strongly Disagree	178
3.	Neither agree nor disagree	104
2147483635.	Not Applicable	0
5.	Strongly Agree	154
2147483625.	Don't know	0
4.	Agree	154
2.	Disagree	229

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:yaRIVzi/3uiHd/OJaOsGPg==

1-2b. Electoral laws favored the governing party or parties (Reversed coding)

f2458771 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency
1.	Strongly Agree	154
2147483635.	Not Applicable	0
4.	Disagree	229
3.	Neither agree nor disagree	104
2.	Agree	154
5.	Strongly Disagree	178
2147483625.	Don't know	0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:T4jNH3+jkJyIogKmMWhYNg==

1-3a. Elections laws restricted citizens' rights (1-5)[N]

f2458771 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency
4.	Agree	134
2147483625.	Don't know	0
1.	Strongly Disagree	263
5.	Strongly Agree	87
3.	Neither agree nor disagree	85
2.	Disagree	273
2147483635.	Not Applicable	0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:lyFn89M0JAFSMGrih9A51Q==

1-3b. Elections laws restricted citizens' rights (Reversed coding)

f2458771 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency
2147483635.	Not Applicable	0
2.	Agree	134
2147483625.	Don't know	0
5.	Strongly Disagree	263
3.	Neither agree nor disagree	85
1.	Strongly Agree	87
4.	Disagree	273

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:JS/kBpPtWeA9aKgQ3eftEQ==

1-4. Electoral laws index (20-100)

f2458771 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:tSEQgOJUN2L1rS3wTfKpvg==

1-4i. Electoral laws index (20-100), imputed

f2458771 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:8CS+F/OfwARPRjMJ5itsaA==

ELECTORAL PROCEDURES SECTION

f2458771 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:pqSK5ccQqsi2Q9Eq2P5ZhQ==

2-1. Elections were well managed (1-5)[P]

f2458771 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency
4.	Agree	287
5.	Strongly Agree	246
2147483635.	Not Applicable	0
3.	Neither agree nor disagree	82
1.	Strongly Disagree	82
2147483625.	Don't know	0
2.	Disagree	141

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:vG/M9uzJ34aosv9q+/3aBQ==

2-2. Information about voting procedures was widely available (1-5)[P]

f2458771 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency
5.	Strongly Agree	289
2.	Disagree	86
2147483625.	Don't know	0
2147483635.	Not Applicable	0
4.	Agree	342
1.	Strongly Disagree	38
3.	Neither agree nor disagree	72

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:LfAhWjbyxa9fmbSjH0ynfw==

2-3. Election officials were fair (1-5)[P]

f2458771 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency
2147483635.	Not Applicable	0
3.	Neither agree nor disagree	87
5.	Strongly Agree	270
2147483625.	Don't know	0
1.	Strongly Disagree	85
2.	Disagree	124
4.	Agree	245

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:xIIP0tVzCaDjMhZK4dIKCA==

2-4. Elections were conducted in accordance with the law (1-5)[P]

f2458771 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency
3.	Neither agree nor disagree	77
2147483635.	Not Applicable	0
5.	Strongly Agree	300
1.	Strongly Disagree	68
4.	Agree	292
2147483625.	Don't know	0
2.	Disagree	101

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:nn5VTlTEk+lP+JbPVD95XA==

2-5. Electoral procedures index (25-100)

f2458771 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:NZSDQt9e+2kqZQrH02I84w==

2-5i. Electoral procedures index (25-100), imputed

f2458771 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:CNB+CxZk55hVJ4BGhBl+5g==

BOUNDARIES FOR VOTING DISTRICTS SECTION

f2458771 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:pqSK5ccQqsi2Q9Eq2P5ZhQ==

3-1a. Boundaries discriminated against some parties (1-5)[N]

f2458771 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency
3.	Neither agree nor disagree	88
2147483625.	Don't know	0
1.	Strongly Disagree	92
5.	Strongly Agree	81
2.	Disagree	169
2147483635.	Not Applicable	0
4.	Agree	136

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:FIDY33xtOVtyw5QI7c8pzQ==

3-1b. Boundaries discriminated against some parties (Reversed coding)

f2458771 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency
2.	Agree	136
4.	Disagree	169
2147483635.	Not Applicable	0
3.	Neither agree nor disagree	88
2147483625.	Don't know	0
1.	Strongly Agree	81
5.	Strongly Disagree	92

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:hkDTLdZ5sqGfRpehPyoAoA==

3-2a. Boundaries favored incumbents (1-5)[N]

f2458771 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency
4.	Agree	125
2147483635.	Not Applicable	0
2147483625.	Don't know	0
5.	Strongly Agree	79
1.	Strongly Disagree	100
3.	Neither agree nor disagree	106
2.	Disagree	152

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:KlW5BpRtmX+2emwumhtxUA==

3-2b. Boundaries favored incumbents (Reversed coding)

f2458771 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency
3.	Neither agree nor disagree	106
2147483635.	Not Applicable	0
1.	Strongly Agree	79
4.	Disagree	152
5.	Strongly Disagree	100
2147483625.	Don't know	0
2.	Agree	125

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:0H56IYCoGyBqe7XgfN2Fdw==

3-3. Boundaries were impartial (1-5)[P]

f2458771 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency
2147483635.	Not Applicable	0
3.	Neither agree nor disagree	115
4.	Agree	155
2147483625.	Don't know	0
2.	Disagree	136
5.	Strongly Agree	76
1.	Strongly Disagree	98

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:rg0MJ6xqa4evsCV40gC5/Q==

3-4. Voting district boundaries index (20-100)

f2458771 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:yzntgrpo7I5rCRCbZo5mAw==

3-4i. Voting district boundaries index (20-100), imputed

f2458771 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:h8QxwlaUyFBPR1XM55ELqQ==

VOTER REGISTRATION SECTION

f2458771 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:pqSK5ccQqsi2Q9Eq2P5ZhQ==

4-1a. Some citizens were not listed in the register (1-5)[N]

f2458771 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency
1.	Strongly Disagree	158
4.	Agree	209
5.	Strongly Agree	123
3.	Neither agree nor disagree	61
2147483625.	Don't know	0
2147483635.	Not Applicable	0
2.	Disagree	163

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:i1IR2Nn0J4uU5c02GLmrzQ==

4-1b. Some citizens were not listed in the register (Reversed coding)

f2458771 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency
2.	Agree	209
4.	Disagree	163
3.	Neither agree nor disagree	61
5.	Strongly Disagree	158
2147483635.	Not Applicable	0
1.	Strongly Agree	123
2147483625.	Don't know	0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:FeAxCkf6hF5lAnVC202IAg==

4-2a. The electoral register was inaccurate (1-5)[N]

f2458771 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency
5.	Strongly Agree	108
2.	Disagree	208
2147483635.	Not Applicable	0
4.	Agree	155
1.	Strongly Disagree	176
2147483625.	Don't know	0
3.	Neither agree nor disagree	89

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:436wzkGmMB3M5BlT8GqInQ==

4-2b. The electoral register was inaccurate (Reversed coding)

f2458771 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency
1.	Strongly Agree	108
5.	Strongly Disagree	176
2147483635.	Not Applicable	0
3.	Neither agree nor disagree	89
2147483625.	Don't know	0
4.	Disagree	208
2.	Agree	155

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:MvLyqkreQjXyFmZGkpuUuw==

4-3a. Some ineligible electors were registered (1-5)[N]

f2458771 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency
2.	Disagree	172
1.	Strongly Disagree	170
2147483635.	Not Applicable	0
3.	Neither agree nor disagree	90
5.	Strongly Agree	85
4.	Agree	135
2147483625.	Don't know	0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:AjkuMsJDLwnUVGi2piiwlQ==

4-3b. Some ineligible electors were registered (Reversed coding)

f2458771 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency
4.	Disagree	172
1.	Strongly Agree	85
2147483625.	Don't know	0
5.	Strongly Disagree	170
2.	Agree	135
2147483635.	Not Applicable	0
3.	Neither agree nor disagree	90

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:9PZKMK2lAg/zcO+7xl9h2g==

4-4. Voter registration index (20-100)

f2458771 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:KZe5a4YmluoFwlnWKA+4nQ==

4-4i. Voter registration index (20-100), imputed

f2458771 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:XYOV2hN0WzdY5BPqpOb2sg==

PARTY AND CANDIDATE REGISTRATION SECTION

f2458771 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:pqSK5ccQqsi2Q9Eq2P5ZhQ==

5-1a. Some opposition candidates were prevented from running (1-5)[N]

f2458771 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency
2.	Disagree	279
2147483625.	Don't know	0
1.	Strongly Disagree	289
5.	Strongly Agree	86
4.	Agree	110
2147483635.	Not Applicable	0
3.	Neither agree nor disagree	47

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:MiLPAtKh9pifML8v9L7JKA==

5-1b. Some opposition candidates were prevented from running (Reversed coding)

f2458771 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency
4.	Disagree	279
2.	Agree	110
1.	Strongly Agree	86
2147483625.	Don't know	0
5.	Strongly Disagree	289
3.	Neither agree nor disagree	47
2147483635.	Not Applicable	0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:kk2WDXkiCVMWzMio3fqWKg==

5-2. Women had equal opportunities to run for office (1-5)[P]

f2458771 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency
4.	Agree	285
1.	Strongly Disagree	62
2147483625.	Don't know	0
2.	Disagree	168
5.	Strongly Agree	217
3.	Neither agree nor disagree	104
2147483635.	Not Applicable	0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:db4rG0GW0zGCg8kVTBnkKA==

5-3. Ethnic and national minorities had equal opportunities to run for office (1

f2458771 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency
4.	Agree	292
2.	Disagree	178
1.	Strongly Disagree	66
2147483635.	Not Applicable	0
2147483625.	Don't know	0
5.	Strongly Agree	165
3.	Neither agree nor disagree	94

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:oYZn2LdnJTOm5E+8YxlXjQ==

5-4a. Only top party leaders selected candidates (1-5)[N]

f2458771 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency
2147483625.	Don't know	0
2147483635.	Not Applicable	0
2.	Disagree	236
1.	Strongly Disagree	93
3.	Neither agree nor disagree	129
5.	Strongly Agree	125
4.	Agree	210

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:qMVEE+Id4VGnKoJ9j4Jv4Q==

5-4b. Only top party leaders selected candidates (Reversed coding)

f2458771 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency
1.	Strongly Agree	125
4.	Disagree	236
2147483625.	Don't know	0
2.	Agree	210
3.	Neither agree nor disagree	129
2147483635.	Not Applicable	0
5.	Strongly Disagree	93

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:A46HP/xgSCqPS774Rb8hOQ==

5-5a. Some parties/candidates were restricted from holding campaign rallies (1-5

f2458771 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency
2.	Disagree	252
1.	Strongly Disagree	237
2147483635.	Not Applicable	0
4.	Agree	142
2147483625.	Don't know	0
3.	Neither agree nor disagree	83
5.	Strongly Agree	86

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:g4uPSY3Svlpbvps4MO042w==

5-5b. Some parties/candidates were restricted from holding campaign rallies (Rev

f2458771 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency
2147483625.	Don't know	0
5.	Strongly Disagree	237
4.	Disagree	252
3.	Neither agree nor disagree	83
2147483635.	Not Applicable	0
1.	Strongly Agree	86
2.	Agree	142

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:8SvhS/FC495SAhq3B3M1Tw==

5-6. Party and candidate registration index (20-100)

f2458771 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:pvcCQ7OHV0VbuVrpFVVbDQ==

5-6i. Party and candidate registration index (20-100), imputed

f2458771 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:Ro2mjTReig/synfvK9UZyw==

MEDIA COVERAGE SECTION

f2458771 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:pqSK5ccQqsi2Q9Eq2P5ZhQ==

6-1. Newspapers provided balanced election news (1-5)[P]

f2458771 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency
2.	Disagree	270
4.	Agree	243
5.	Strongly Agree	43
2147483635.	Not Applicable	0
1.	Strongly Disagree	154
3.	Neither agree nor disagree	128
2147483625.	Don't know	0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:bHET7nqWHj3HOCJTjqtlcg==

6-2a. TV news favored the governing party (1-5)[N]

f2458771 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency
1.	Strongly Disagree	91
3.	Neither agree nor disagree	114
2147483635.	Not Applicable	0
2.	Disagree	282
5.	Strongly Agree	143
4.	Agree	172
2147483625.	Don't know	0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:79EwfzBhN+aZfOckb3ndZQ==

6-2b. TV news favored the governing party (Reversed coding)

f2458771 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency
3.	Neither agree nor disagree	114
2147483635.	Not Applicable	0
1.	Strongly Agree	143
5.	Strongly Disagree	91
2.	Agree	172
2147483625.	Don't know	0
4.	Disagree	282

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:6ZUbD4gp0f03tTa2cjG0Vw==

6-3. Parties/candidates had fair access to political broadcasts and advertising

f2458771 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency
1.	Strongly Disagree	128
5.	Strongly Agree	82
2147483635.	Not Applicable	0
2.	Disagree	220
2147483625.	Don't know	0
3.	Neither agree nor disagree	98
4.	Agree	300

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:6cuRsPdYCnI9k1v3U+M5ww==

6-4. Journalists provided fair coverage of the elections (1-5)[P]

f2458771 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency
2147483625.	Don't know	0
5.	Strongly Agree	50
3.	Neither agree nor disagree	179
2.	Disagree	230
4.	Agree	270
2147483635.	Not Applicable	0
1.	Strongly Disagree	102

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:4/PRJzg+jmaY/Vx0atuibA==

6-5. Social media were used to expose electoral fraud (1-5)[P]

f2458771 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency
2147483625.	Don't know	0
4.	Agree	252
5.	Strongly Agree	90
3.	Neither agree nor disagree	145
2.	Disagree	101
2147483635.	Not Applicable	0
1.	Strongly Disagree	64

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:fVTgK4hWnnDcyyHi9vn9MA==

6-6. Media coverage index (20-100)

f2458771 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:Lgg8qGKYJSIK+EjqNIQqnA==

6-6i. Media coverage index (20-100), imputed

f2458771 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:MJaUDYlDnY7SLt97HlcaSQ==

CAMPAIGN FINANCE SECTION

f2458771 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:pqSK5ccQqsi2Q9Eq2P5ZhQ==

7-1. Parties/candidates had equitable access to public political subsidies(1-5)[

f2458771 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency
3.	Neither agree nor disagree	82
2.	Disagree	210
5.	Strongly Agree	53
4.	Agree	249
2147483625.	Don't know	0
1.	Strongly Disagree	116
2147483635.	Not Applicable	0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:3T7NJQV/at5uki4ERr6byw==

7-2. Parties/candidates had equitable access to political donations(1-5)[P]

f2458771 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency
4.	Agree	187
5.	Strongly Agree	38
2147483625.	Don't know	0
2.	Disagree	263
2147483635.	Not Applicable	0
3.	Neither agree nor disagree	97
1.	Strongly Disagree	139

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:Zq0F6FTUyUY7yx3VCzMENQ==

7-3. Parties/candidates publish transparent financial accounts(1-5)[P]

f2458771 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency
2147483635.	Not Applicable	0
4.	Agree	87
2147483625.	Don't know	0
2.	Disagree	305
5.	Strongly Agree	27
3.	Neither agree nor disagree	101
1.	Strongly Disagree	249

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:YjBgnJ1o3USMw9UjtTDKGg==

7-4a. Rich people buy elections (1-5)[N]

f2458771 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency
4.	Agree	204
5.	Strongly Agree	143
2147483635.	Not Applicable	0
3.	Neither agree nor disagree	174
2.	Disagree	181
1.	Strongly Disagree	109
2147483625.	Don't know	0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:QS9mfGT4yWnOVv/o4ZCdUA==

7-4b. Rich people buy elections (Reversed coding)

f2458771 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency
1.	Strongly Agree	143
2.	Agree	204
5.	Strongly Disagree	109
2147483625.	Don't know	0
3.	Neither agree nor disagree	174
4.	Disagree	181
2147483635.	Not Applicable	0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:4GH70P+Ab5vL02FaBDEUjg==

7-5a. Some state resources were improperly used for campaigning (1-5)[N]

f2458771 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency
4.	Agree	231
2147483625.	Don't know	0
1.	Strongly Disagree	98
2.	Disagree	121
2147483635.	Not Applicable	0
3.	Neither agree nor disagree	101
5.	Strongly Agree	201

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:kH8mU26Np1mreGHJ3AXe7g==

7-5b. Some state resources were improperly used for campaigning (Reversed coding

f2458771 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency
2147483625.	Don't know	0
1.	Strongly Agree	201
5.	Strongly Disagree	98
3.	Neither agree nor disagree	101
4.	Disagree	121
2147483635.	Not Applicable	0
2.	Agree	231

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:NBoQahFz2/pNzK/pu5pRBA==

7-6. Campaign finance index (20-100)

f2458771 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:jUnajzHKIsRmcxBVqzMAlQ==

7-6i. Campaign finance index (20-100), imputed

f2458771 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:ENsxYAcukU7L/AQDp+SUfA==

VOTING PROCESS SECTION

f2458771 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:pqSK5ccQqsi2Q9Eq2P5ZhQ==

8-1a. Some voters were threatened with violence at the polls(1-5)[N]

f2458771 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency
2147483625.	Don't know	0
3.	Neither agree nor disagree	50
2.	Disagree	234
1.	Strongly Disagree	304
4.	Agree	138
2147483635.	Not Applicable	0
5.	Strongly Agree	58

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:WnBJYtHMnpn5ZcBEvrzRpw==

8-1b. Some voters were threatened with violence at the polls (Reversed coding)

f2458771 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency
4.	Disagree	234
3.	Neither agree nor disagree	50
2147483625.	Don't know	0
2147483635.	Not Applicable	0
5.	Strongly Disagree	304
1.	Strongly Agree	58
2.	Agree	138

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:20ZQ785H2c819iJirIQwLw==

8-2a. Some fraudulent votes were cast (1-5)[N]

f2458771 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency
2.	Disagree	147
2147483625.	Don't know	0
4.	Agree	194
1.	Strongly Disagree	185
5.	Strongly Agree	110
3.	Neither agree nor disagree	88
2147483635.	Not Applicable	0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:UgFuo0IoJODixh77yg2SrQ==

8-2b. Some fraudulent votes were cast (Reversed coding)

f2458771 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency
4.	Disagree	147
2147483625.	Don't know	0
2147483635.	Not Applicable	0
5.	Strongly Disagree	185
3.	Neither agree nor disagree	88
1.	Strongly Agree	110
2.	Agree	194

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:eKXl9otix7iFIlYgS9tZKw==

8-3. The process of voting was easy (1-1)[Y]

f2458771 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency
1.	Strongly Disagree	20
5.	Strongly Agree	262
3.	Neither agree nor disagree	69
2147483635.	Not Applicable	0
2147483625.	Don't know	0
2.	Disagree	82
4.	Agree	399

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:h5NO+UgdWJcHlNUCBCO/Pw==

8-4. Voters were offered a genuine choice at the ballot box (1-5)[P]

f2458771 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency
2147483625.	Don't know	0
2.	Disagree	80
5.	Strongly Agree	275
4.	Agree	341
1.	Strongly Disagree	57
2147483635.	Not Applicable	0
3.	Neither agree nor disagree	82

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:++/AfjgAuUMAm3eZ3FwPQw==

8-5. Postal ballots were available (1-5)[P]

f2458771 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency
4.	Agree	158
2147483635.	Not Applicable	0
2.	Disagree	108
2147483625.	Don't know	0
5.	Strongly Agree	128
1.	Strongly Disagree	164
3.	Neither agree nor disagree	28

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:DFF/uJ88nX5i3xWahinKKg==

8-6. Special voting facilities were available for the disabled (1-5)[P]

f2458771 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency
5.	Strongly Agree	125
4.	Agree	235
3.	Neither agree nor disagree	65
2.	Disagree	119
2147483635.	Not Applicable	0
1.	Strongly Disagree	56
2147483625.	Don't know	0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:j4LVp6tjVRiWDbBcsnIxpA==

8-7. National citizens living abroad could vote (1-5)[P]

f2458771 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency
5.	Strongly Agree	203
3.	Neither agree nor disagree	40
4.	Agree	281
2147483625.	Don't know	0
2147483635.	Not Applicable	0
1.	Strongly Disagree	129
2.	Disagree	89

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:LGcA/YWzq4EY1bJB/WOa0g==

8-8. Some form of internet voting was available (1-5)[P]

f2458771 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency
2147483625.	Don't know	0
5.	Strongly Agree	8
3.	Neither agree nor disagree	16
4.	Agree	6
2.	Disagree	174
2147483635.	Not Applicable	0
1.	Strongly Disagree	395

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:pcT0RTKxHIFUupkQOJPJGw==

8-9. Voting process index (20-100)

f2458771 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:e2+sdYQffIP/bVoWuDYfoA==

8-9i. Voting process index (20-100), imputed

f2458771 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:SLZLI1coFfkQ0c9ss4Pwkw==

THE VOTE COUNT SECTION

f2458771 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:pqSK5ccQqsi2Q9Eq2P5ZhQ==

9-1. Ballot boxes were secure (1-5)[P]

f2458771 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency
4.	Agree	299
2147483625.	Don't know	0
2.	Disagree	93
2147483635.	Not Applicable	0
1.	Strongly Disagree	48
3.	Neither agree nor disagree	77
5.	Strongly Agree	256

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:dCzdeApWx3gwjsVl7zkOGw==

9-2. The results were announced without undue delay (1-5)[P]

f2458771 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency
5.	Strongly Agree	326
3.	Neither agree nor disagree	28
2.	Disagree	84
4.	Agree	339
2147483635.	Not Applicable	0
2147483625.	Don't know	0
1.	Strongly Disagree	62

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:cPMrZAq/w/+VgxDeswC1/g==

9-3. Votes were counted fairly (1-5)[P]

f2458771 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency
3.	Neither agree nor disagree	78
2.	Disagree	81
2147483635.	Not Applicable	0
5.	Strongly Agree	277
4.	Agree	286
2147483625.	Don't know	0
1.	Strongly Disagree	72

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:+3RpBV2aT1hjrEXhdJ3I3g==

9-4a. Int'l election monitors were restricted (1-5)[N]

f2458771 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency
5.	Strongly Agree	47
1.	Strongly Disagree	272
2147483625.	Don't know	0
4.	Agree	57
2147483635.	Not Applicable	0
3.	Neither agree nor disagree	69
2.	Disagree	249

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:4q5Z+meqoGZVoJWV1Tw/8g==

9-4b. Int'l election monitors were restricted (Reversed coding)

f2458771 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency
5.	Strongly Disagree	272
2.	Agree	57
2147483625.	Don't know	0
3.	Neither agree nor disagree	69
2147483635.	Not Applicable	0
1.	Strongly Agree	47
4.	Disagree	249

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:/OjeChHNrSgVm1HZV50YUg==

9-5a. Domestic election monitors were restricted (1-5)[N]

f2458771 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency
4.	Agree	74
5.	Strongly Agree	46
2.	Disagree	268
1.	Strongly Disagree	281
2147483625.	Don't know	0
3.	Neither agree nor disagree	73
2147483635.	Not Applicable	0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:oK4nZyeUnsQaAYMX48jdrQ==

9-5b. Domestic election monitors were restricted (Reversed coding)

f2458771 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency
1.	Strongly Agree	46
3.	Neither agree nor disagree	73
4.	Disagree	268
2.	Agree	74
2147483625.	Don't know	0
5.	Strongly Disagree	281
2147483635.	Not Applicable	0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:48v3Z16KmOWlzgiZwny+mA==

9-6. Vote count index (20-100)

f2458771 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:vr8NHJ7pmf9ZCn4bKD3mtw==

9-6i. Vote count index (20-100), imputed

f2458771 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:gwX45h42TecCR39vz+hVeA==

VOTING RESULTS SECTION

f2458771 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:pqSK5ccQqsi2Q9Eq2P5ZhQ==

10-1a. Parties/candidates challenged the results (1-5)[N]

f2458771 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency
3.	Neither agree nor disagree	45
2147483635.	Not Applicable	0
1.	Strongly Disagree	213
4.	Agree	243
2.	Disagree	177
2147483625.	Don't know	0
5.	Strongly Agree	134

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:Rcydk5XgAEaqsJgDkJSqPw==

10-1b. Parties/candidates challenged the results (Reversed coding)

f2458771 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency
5.	Strongly Disagree	213
2147483625.	Don't know	0
1.	Strongly Agree	134
4.	Disagree	177
3.	Neither agree nor disagree	45
2.	Agree	243
2147483635.	Not Applicable	0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:HTNBo95Vs2wQAY7XrxAdEg==

10-2a. The election led to peaceful protests (1-5)[N]

f2458771 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency
2147483625.	Don't know	0
2.	Disagree	231
2147483635.	Not Applicable	0
3.	Neither agree nor disagree	58
1.	Strongly Disagree	237
5.	Strongly Agree	73
4.	Agree	194

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:a1XH7mNfMLWQXlTpu+F86g==

10-2b. The election led to peaceful protests (Reversed coding)

f2458771 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency
1.	Strongly Agree	73
3.	Neither agree nor disagree	58
2147483625.	Don't know	0
4.	Disagree	231
5.	Strongly Disagree	237
2.	Agree	194
2147483635.	Not Applicable	0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:HskKCNYlXj0aOqyTZMpmdQ==

10-3a. The election triggered violent protests (1-5)[N]

f2458771 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency
2147483625.	Don't know	0
2.	Disagree	257
1.	Strongly Disagree	426
4.	Agree	45
3.	Neither agree nor disagree	45
2147483635.	Not Applicable	0
5.	Strongly Agree	24

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:7bg9CU5QWE6yqa378E9Muw==

10-3b. The election triggered violent protests (Reversed coding)

f2458771 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency
5.	Strongly Disagree	426
2147483635.	Not Applicable	0
4.	Disagree	257
2.	Agree	45
2147483625.	Don't know	0
1.	Strongly Agree	24
3.	Neither agree nor disagree	45

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:lJBfxz5/WHUgAkD+tOBYeA==

10-4. Any disputes were resolved through legal channels (1-5)[P]

f2458771 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency
3.	Neither agree nor disagree	86
2.	Disagree	99
4.	Agree	274
5.	Strongly Agree	151
1.	Strongly Disagree	72
2147483625.	Don't know	0
2147483635.	Not Applicable	0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:m5KFUMRfSpeNnuMFLehs1Q==

10-5. Results index (25-100)

f2458771 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:urfXEX677elTtReLoMzbzg==

10-5i. Results index (25-100), imputed

f2458771 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:o6LiRa5vWRHCcJFBwZ6OZA==

ELECTORAL AUTHORITIES SECTION

f2458771 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:pqSK5ccQqsi2Q9Eq2P5ZhQ==

11-1. The election authorities were impartial (1-5)[P]

f2458771 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency
2147483625.	Don't know	0
3.	Neither agree nor disagree	89
5.	Strongly Agree	212
2.	Disagree	137
1.	Strongly Disagree	129
2147483635.	Not Applicable	0
4.	Agree	259

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:T47RDD9u5hnmOLNqq3qb8g==

11-2. The authorities distributed information to citizens (1-5)[P]

f2458771 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency
3.	Neither agree nor disagree	74
5.	Strongly Agree	233
2147483635.	Not Applicable	0
1.	Strongly Disagree	41
4.	Agree	401
2147483625.	Don't know	0
2.	Disagree	67

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:DgWzTKC+ff/9twE+haRQGw==

11-3. The authorities allowed public scrutiny of their performance (1-5)[P]

f2458771 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency
5.	Strongly Agree	148
1.	Strongly Disagree	85
2.	Disagree	146
3.	Neither agree nor disagree	125
4.	Agree	292
2147483625.	Don't know	0
2147483635.	Not Applicable	0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:edI+ciSLbCjiJeCEZ1As3w==

11-4. The election authorities performed well (1-5)[P]

f2458771 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency
5.	Strongly Agree	202
4.	Agree	292
2147483625.	Don't know	0
2147483635.	Not Applicable	0
3.	Neither agree nor disagree	121
2.	Disagree	123
1.	Strongly Disagree	92

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:vmtKD4MQXt4S/IMZxlUfMg==

11-5. Electoral authorities index (25-100)

f2458771 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:R7KdkEC73mFcFjAG6k8uhQ==

11-5i. Electoral authorities index (25-100), imputed

f2458771 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:RDX3F8ZfvheVFi8vKJlNHw==

GENERAL ELECTION QUESTIONS

f2458771 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:pqSK5ccQqsi2Q9Eq2P5ZhQ==

13-1. How familiar are you with elections in this country?

f2458771 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:df18/dAomDZdzovL5mqMfg==

13-2. Which election (if more than 1) was most important

f2458771 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency
6.	Local	16
3.	Upper House	23
2.	Lower House	305
1.	Pres	303
4.	Upper & Lower House	24
8.	Other combination	37
5.	Exec. & Leg.	23
7.	Regional	6

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:iCd5tknDWnxnixB6KjQvAA==

ORGANIZATIONAL CONFIDENCE SECTION

f2458771 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:pqSK5ccQqsi2Q9Eq2P5ZhQ==

14-1. Confidence in the courts (1=none - 10=a great deal)

f2458771 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:VQ0IflYoRx2X8r0fdT8z9Q==

14-2. Confidence in the government (1=none - 10=a great deal)

f2458771 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:/KOQCoD+D70Kjnr/sfeFqQ==

14-3. Confidence in the parliament (1=none - 10=a great deal)

f2458771 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:Lt4bnPdZnlULXdBSkkjq0w==

14-4. Confidence in the armed forces (1=none - 10=a great deal)

f2458771 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:vSYh2zo0PUpKvufeXbMWkA==

14-5. Confidence in the police (1=none - 10=a great deal)

f2458771 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:wYp8D/XJYTai0Z3wCCVQCQ==

14-6. Confidence in the elect.authorities (1=none - 10=a great deal)

f2458771 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:UYYVQXibiJTDluMaoyH8ZQ==

14-7. Confidence in television (1=none - 10=a great deal)

f2458771 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:j5r7kQg+n/+rqdj87c5RjQ==

14-8. Confidence in the press (1=none - 10=a great deal)

f2458771 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:QNqWyGaByMCbT7x6wtVIog==

14-9. Confidence in political parties (1=none - 10=a great deal)

f2458771 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:4hsX/uboagMSU2LspLI+Ww==

EXPERT BACKGROUND SECTION

f2458771 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:pqSK5ccQqsi2Q9Eq2P5ZhQ==

15-0. % domestic experts evaluation this election

f2458771 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency	Text
0.	international	344
1.	domestic	511

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:MUtlaqQprO5sodTA4AzENw==

15-1. Employment type

f2458771 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency
3.	3Fulltime	650
2.	2Parttime	54
1.	1Unemployed	26

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:pRD07BFpsUeMwDwhuE6N4Q==

15-2. Works (or has worked) in the government public sector

f2458771 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency	Text
1.	Yes	0
0.	No	0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:PVN2hfCiUS27iTQZJAgQkw==

15-3. Works (or has worked) in a university

f2458771 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency	Text
0.	No	0
1.	Yes	0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:bHtuRDCHChQLCz9j59bBEQ==

15-4. Works (or has worked) in private non-profit sector/NGOs

f2458771 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency	Text
0.	No	0
1.	Yes	0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:+GJrynMytDkJXE/JvgteUg==

15-5. Works (or has worked) in an international agency

f2458771 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency	Text
1.	Yes	0
0.	No	0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:2d4OGZTaLRQuXdeo1Nhhzw==

15-6. Works (or has worked) in an private business or industry

f2458771 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency	Text
1.	Yes	0
0.	No	0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:XSxlSbH5qf0tD+i9g6W5hw==

15-7. Most recent occupation

f2458771 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency
1.	CivilSer	10
6.	6_Academic	732
5.	5_Professl	51
4.	4_Journalist	5
3.	3_IntlOff	28
2.	2_ElectionOff	8

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:fsZPTEQlXCusYdFKBMDTBw==

15-8. Expert's age group (by decade)

f2458771 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency	Text
1.	20-29	0
4.	50-59	0
3.	40-49	0
2.	30-39	0
5.	60-69	0
7.	80-89	0
6.	70-79	0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:FMf+pzwAP4c8HhvKj2eKCw==

15-9. Sex (1=female; 0=male)

f2458771 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency	Text
0.	Male	625
1.	Female	230

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:RnBi3HJPnv9Lq1adPzBZCA==

15-10. Highest level of education

f2458771 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency
1.	1Noformaled	1
4.	4Undergrad	24
5.	5Grad	811
3.	3Secondary	1
2.	2Primary	0
2147483636.	Other	0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:R2yeCZbEQeqU85r2+4KZNA==

15-11. Were you born in this country?

f2458771 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency	Text
1.	Yes	502
0.	No	335

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:dtzMlPJXdkZ9G+Ic1G/wNg==

15-12. # years lived in this country

f2458771 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency
1.	1_Less1Yr	46
4.	4_10Yrsormore	224
2.	2_1to4Yrs	102
0.	0_Never	73
5.	5_Life	351
3.	3_5to9Yrs	43

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:8lmYyFUcLp3R7EYSVy3eKQ==

15-13. Expert was a candidate for elected office

f2458771 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency	Text
1.	Yes	0
0.	No	0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:L4a56zhWh9PKB8xt25bIkQ==

15-14. Expert was an elected representative

f2458771 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency	Text
1.	Yes	0
0.	No	0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:e48Bv7SQlT0PF1zFmCQX5g==

15-15. Expert was an election activist

f2458771 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency	Text
1.	Yes	0
0.	No	0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:oUSEE8QkpL+p801ziAVmNg==

15-16. Expert was election NGO watch personnel

f2458771 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency	Text
0.	No	0
1.	Yes	0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:4qfobwGMYvkp8sR3ip9T9g==

15-17. Expert voted in this election

f2458771 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency	Text
1.	Yes	0
0.	No	0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:/yCmoRHSEaFfhMoVOxlqSw==

15-18. Expert did not participate in any role in this election

f2458771 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency	Text
1.	Yes	0
0.	No	0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:TMaS0h8vT+42VBDpgV+XOg==

15-19. Expert was a national official electoral monitor

f2458771 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency	Text
1.	Yes	0
0.	No	0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:UkDAzNJ1ZPfHP7EuPkohjA==

15-20. Expert was an election official

f2458771 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency	Text
1.	Yes	0
0.	No	0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:P1Dp63Qyj1N89o6ImGqjEg==

15-21. Expert is a citizen of this country

f2458771 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency	Text
1.	Yes	551
0.	No	304

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:udPbP4wvxuRHVSmzcrLcyw==

15-22. Support the winning or losing side

f2458771 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:wAXlsS8xFpdiZ/rFyBzYrA==

15-23. Political views on 10pt left/right scale

f2458771 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:wCcDuJ6w39Vg127Xn+NLyg==

VIGNETTES SECTION

f2458771 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:pqSK5ccQqsi2Q9Eq2P5ZhQ==

16-1. Vignette A (Queues)

f2458771 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:ZU2Wdt8nucqK+OPAwOoK5w==

16-2. Vignette B (Boycotts)

f2458771 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:Db8zOYGjrW8Vc6FePxXE7w==

16-3. Vignette C (Violence)

f2458771 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:GD8EjQasAOENeBjzV3T4lA==

Expert Reference number

f2458924 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:R0uvnqpLfDmqxq5GVfWnjA==

Election country and date

f2458924 Location:

Variable Format: character

Notes: UNF:5:Lf14D6DX+TDw0BTQZHyTrg==

Country Name

f2458924 Location:

Variable Format: character

Notes: UNF:5:aBKZ6rpJ5IRlpUmdw+j69w==

COW country code

f2458924 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency
211.	Belgium	0
338.	Malta	10
732.	Korea, Rep.	8
335.	Parma	0
530.	Ethiopia	0
710.	China	0
481.	Gabon	0
20.	Canada	0
816.	Vietnam	0
692.	Bahrain	0
230.	Spain	0
368.	Lithuania	11
701.	Turkmenistan	8
373.	Azerbaijan	10
245.	Bavaria	0
92.	El Salvador	0
540.	Angola	11
450.	Liberia	0
341.	Montenegro	10
482.	Central African Republic	0
349.	Slovenia	11
955.	Tonga	0
235.	Portugal	0
52.	Trinidad & Tobago	0
713.	Taiwan	0
940.	Solomon Islands	0
630.	Iran	9
950.	Fiji	0
205.	Ireland	0
935.	Vanuatu	0
645.	Iraq	0
860.	East Timor	0
570.	Lesotho	0
58.	Antigua & Barbuda	0
616.	Tunisia	0
696.	United Arab Emirates	0
355.	Bulgaria	20
516.	Burundi	0
420.	Gambia	0
750.	India	0
130.	Ecuador	13
110.	Guyana	0
703.	Kyrgyzstan	0
404.	Guinea-Bissau	0
331.	San Marino	0
730.	Korea	0
210.	Netherlands	24
439.	Burkina Faso	3
666.	Israel	12
343.	Macedonia	0
490.	Congo, Dem. Rep.	0
155.	Chile	18
760.	Bhutan	11
101.	Venezuela	25
70.	Mexico	14
663.	Jordan	12
269.	Saxony	0
670.	Saudi Arabia	0
352.	Cyprus	14
232.	Andorra	0
375.	Finland	0
690.	Kuwait	15
365.	Russia	0
367.	Latvia	0
483.	Chad	0
433.	Senegal	0
552.	Zimbabwe	13
300.	Austria-Hungary	0
660.	Lebanon	0
265.	German Democratic Republic	0
2.	United States of America	15
40.	Cuba	3
986.	Palau	0
731.	North Korea	0
551.	Zambia	0
360.	Romania	13
571.	Botswana	0
80.	Belize	0
531.	Eritrea	0
57.	St. Vincent & the Grenadines	0
53.	Barbados	3
305.	Austria	15
947.	Tuvalu	0
150.	Paraguay	12
337.	Tuscany	0
704.	Uzbekistan	0
346.	Bosnia & Herzegovina	0
484.	Congo	3
652.	Syria	0
221.	Monaco	0
240.	Hanover	0
775.	Myanmar	0
615.	Algeria	0
329.	Two Sicilies	0
385.	Norway	13
560.	South Africa	0
541.	Mozambique	0
600.	Morocco	0
800.	Thailand	0
212.	Luxembourg	0
51.	Jamaica	0
590.	Mauritius	0
990.	Samoa	0
626.	South Sudan	0
317.	Slovakia	0
325.	Italy	18
411.	Equatorial Guinea	10
698.	Oman	0
522.	Djibouti	5
260.	German Federal Republic	0
705.	Kazakhstan	0
339.	Albania	19
344.	Croatia	0
372.	Georgia	17
94.	Costa Rica	0
835.	Brunei	0
55.	Grenada	6
712.	Mongolia	9
461.	Togo	4
910.	Papua New Guinea	0
437.	Cote d'Ivoire	0
369.	Ukraine	14
510.	Tanzania	0
581.	Comoros	0
790.	Nepal	17
135.	Peru	0
395.	Iceland	16
438.	Guinea	4
432.	Mali	11
500.	Uganda	0
475.	Nigeria	0
501.	Kenya	9
91.	Honduras	5
452.	Ghana	14
625.	Sudan	0
332.	Modena	0
780.	Sri Lanka	0
31.	Bahamas	0
165.	Uruguay	0
850.	Indonesia	0
553.	Malawi	0
220.	France	0
350.	Greece	0
327.	Papal States	0
970.	Nauru	0
565.	Namibia	0
366.	Estonia	0
290.	Poland	0
223.	Liechtenstein	0
580.	Madagascar	15
140.	Brazil	0
820.	Malaysia	17
145.	Bolivia	0
520.	Somalia	0
471.	Cameroon	6
225.	Switzerland	0
370.	Belarus	7
640.	Turkey	0
41.	Haiti	0
702.	Tajikistan	8
359.	Moldova	0
390.	Denmark	0
280.	Mecklenburg Schwerin	0
591.	Seychelles	0
620.	Libya	0
771.	Bangladesh	0
347.	Kosovo	0
946.	Kiribati	0
255.	Germany	27
900.	Australia	16
54.	Dominica	0
651.	Egypt	0
371.	Armenia	11
200.	United Kingdom	0
435.	Mauritania	3
115.	Suriname	0
315.	Czechoslovakia	0
770.	Pakistan	36
267.	Baden	0
781.	Maldives	6
451.	Sierra Leone	2
920.	New Zealand	0
811.	Cambodia	15
694.	Qatar	0
840.	Philippines	14
517.	Rwanda	10
56.	St. Lucia	0
90.	Guatemala	0
402.	Cape Verde	0
817.	Vietnam, Rep.	0
987.	Micronesia	4
60.	St. Kitts & Nevis	0
679.	Yemen	0
983.	Marshall Islands	0
380.	Sweden	0
310.	Hungary	0
42.	Dominican Republic	0
160.	Argentina	16
434.	Benin	0
403.	Sao Tome & Principe	0
316.	Czech Republic	71
700.	Afghanistan	0
100.	Colombia	0
95.	Panama	0
830.	Singapore	0
93.	Nicaragua	0
436.	Niger	0
812.	Laos	0
740.	Japan	27
572.	Swaziland	7

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:gyLc7gKRb5PW6FE6+ayREQ==

Norris country identifier

f2458924 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency
67.	Grenada	6
169.	Thailand	0
20.	Bhutan	11
8.	Armenia	11
179.	United Arab Emirates	0
38.	Comoros	0
77.	Indonesia	0
66.	Greece	0
18.	Belize	0
150.	Singapore	0
170.	Togo	4
145.	Sao Tome & Principe	0
177.	Uganda	0
134.	Paraguay	12
160.	Sudan	0
30.	Cameroon	6
33.	Central African Republic	0
118.	Mozambique	0
189.	Serbia	0
72.	Haiti	0
175.	Turkmenistan	8
129.	Oman	0
123.	Netherlands	24
41.	Congo, Republic of	3
122.	Nepal	17
186.	Vietnam	0
43.	Croatia	0
15.	Barbados	3
156.	Spain	0
183.	Uzbekistan	0
97.	Liberia	0
89.	Korea, DPR	0
136.	Philippines	14
10.	Austria	15
32.	Cape Verde	0
35.	Chile	18
27.	Burkina Faso	3
182.	Uruguay	0
42.	Cote d'Ivoire	0
113.	Micronesia	4
109.	Marshall Islands	0
29.	Cambodia	15
101.	Luxembourg	0
45.	Cyprus	14
31.	Canada	0
171.	Tonga	0
110.	Mauritania	3
57.	Ethiopia	0
58.	Fiji	0
49.	Dominica	0
146.	Saudi Arabia	0
133.	Papua New Guinea	0
137.	Poland	0
159.	St. Vincent& Grenadine	0
3.	Algeria	0
5.	Angola	11
28.	Burundi	0
114.	Moldova	0
85.	Jordan	12
161.	Suriname	0
16.	Belarus	7
157.	Sri Lanka	0
190.	Zambia	0
52.	Egypt	0
71.	Guyana	0
174.	Turkey	0
80.	Ireland	0
26.	Bulgaria	20
64.	Germany	27
191.	Zimbabwe	13
96.	Lesotho	0
47.	Denmark	0
135.	Peru	0
84.	Japan	27
99.	Liechenstein	0
103.	Madagascar	15
93.	Laos	0
141.	Russia	0
68.	Guatemala	0
120.	Namibia	0
87.	Kenya	9
53.	El Salvador	0
142.	Rwanda	10
176.	Tuvalu	0
91.	Kuwait	15
50.	Dominican Republic	0
104.	Malawi	0
165.	Syria	0
178.	Ukraine	14
132.	Panama	0
60.	France	0
185.	Venezuela	25
125.	Nicaragua	0
121.	Nauru	0
94.	Latvia	0
55.	Eritrea	0
70.	Guinea	4
78.	Iran	9
12.	Bahamas	0
144.	San Marino	0
88.	Kiribati	0
192.	Timor Leste	0
167.	Tajikistan	8
100.	Lithuania	11
143.	St. Lucia	0
9.	Australia	16
107.	Mali	11
83.	Jamaica	0
184.	Vanuatu	0
148.	Seychelles	0
139.	Qatar	0
61.	Gabon	0
155.	South Africa	0
23.	Botswana	0
115.	Monaco	0
124.	New Zealand	0
108.	Malta	10
106.	Maldives	6
128.	Norway	13
73.	Honduras	5
37.	Colombia	0
34.	Chad	0
11.	Azerbaijan	10
24.	Brazil	0
7.	Argentina	16
140.	Romania	13
153.	Solomon Islands	0
90.	Korea, Republic of	8
119.	Myanmar	0
126.	Niger	0
51.	Ecuador	13
154.	Somalia	0
56.	Estonia	0
172.	Trinidad and Tobago	0
92.	Kyrgyzstan	0
79.	Iraq	0
181.	United States of America	15
131.	Palau	0
127.	Nigeria	0
173.	Tunisia	0
69.	Guinea Bissau	0
112.	Mexico	14
21.	Bolivia	0
130.	Pakistan	36
193.	Kosovo	0
65.	Ghana	14
81.	Israel	12
164.	Switzerland	0
39.	Congo, Democratic Republic of	0
138.	Portugal	0
147.	Senegal	0
13.	Bahrain	0
98.	Libya	0
17.	Belgium	0
117.	Morocco	0
111.	Mauritius	0
59.	Finland	0
4.	Andorra	0
74.	Hungary	0
25.	Brunei Darussalam	0
14.	Bangladesh	0
149.	Sierra Leone	2
151.	Slovakia	0
46.	Czech Republic	71
188.	Yemen	0
36.	China	0
19.	Benin	0
75.	Iceland	16
54.	Equatorial Guinea	10
40.	Costa Rica	0
166.	Taiwan	0
163.	Sweden	0
95.	Lebanon	0
2.	Albania	19
116.	Mongolia	9
76.	India	0
22.	Bosnia & Herzegovina	0
194.	Montenegro	10
180.	United Kingdom	0
168.	Tanzania	0
187.	Samoa	0
86.	Kazakhstan	0
63.	Georgia	17
6.	Antigua & Barbuda	0
105.	Malaysia	17
152.	Slovenia	11
48.	Djibouti	5
158.	St. Kitts & Nevis	0
162.	Swaziland	7
62.	Gambia	0
102.	Macedonia	0
44.	Cuba	3
1.	Afghanistan	0
82.	Italy	18

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:Jstw3mZ2ikNWD9MvSI7EGw==

year

f2458924 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:S9IajH87AQhSie/zuoPAsg==

Date of the election

f2458924 Location:

Variable Format: character

Notes: UNF:5:F39GyC3u9kspfULAOfcEwA==

Elected office: Pres.=1, 0 otherwise

f2458924 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency	Text
1.	Presidential	275
0.	Legislative	580

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:FuC/dInyhD6/2oM5NGN4Ig==

COUNTRY DATA

f2458924 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:pqSK5ccQqsi2Q9Eq2P5ZhQ==

Freedom House Political Rights Scale

f2458924 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:A4oByrFfmxaMdTA6yKmr6g==

Freedom House Civil Liberties Scale

f2458924 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:FNYXjxwfDt319TwgOjrAbA==

Freedom House Category (Free,Partly Free,Not Free)

f2458924 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency
2.	Free	415
1.	Partially Free	292
0.	Not Free	140

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:JWINxLrOc80fhOaQ4ialwQ==

Polity combined score (-10->+10), 2013 obs have 2012 values

f2458924 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:uuPW6Jf8TGg48fh25yQbzg==

Polity combined score with mean subst for missing codes, 2013 obs have 2012 valu

f2458924 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:siXpsCxXAxrtoba9UCKppg==

# years since the last regime transition (3pt or greater), 2013 has 2012 values

f2458924 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:bDR96vWtN8sXfEhMVrbC/g==

World Bank income level (Low, lower-middle, upper-middle, high)

f2458924 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency
1.	Low income	114
2.	Lower-middle income	187
3.	Upper-middle income	228
4.	High income	326

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:pf596+/iampR4ZwvO464Nw==

Gross National Income, PPP, constant 2000 intl$, 2013 has 2012 values

f2458924 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:OZWwB+3UpgIyQLqISj9gMQ==

Geographic region (UN classification, 1-5)

f2458924 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency
5.	Oceania	20
2.	Americas	130
1.	Africa	130
3.	Asia	262
4.	Europe	313

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:LQMNwrFLtLMArXLsksYgBw==

Geographic region (World Bank classification, 1-9)

f2458924 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency
1.	Eastern & Southern Africa	70
2.	West Africa	60
6.	Europe	137
3.	East Asia & Oceania	110
4.	South Asia	70
7.	Middle East	48
5.	Eastern Europe & Central Asia	230
8.	North Africa	0
9.	Americas	130

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:9AIj0NjRvNT08k0jJ4cn9g==

OECD country (0/1)

f2458924 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency	Text
1.	OECD	297
0.	non-OECD	558

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:4byMOxZBB+Ci10XFm+FlFQ==

OVERALL INTEGRITY RATING

f2458924 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:pqSK5ccQqsi2Q9Eq2P5ZhQ==

Rate electoral integrity of the election (1=very poor->10=very good

f2458924 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:BoZ2EHAdUMG0Sb8RTEN7VA==

PEI index of electoral integrity, individual

f2458924 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:zHgiDZpSKX6Acjot0fYomQ==

PEI index of electoral integrity, imputed

f2458924 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:w/r855nyZ/y5R0lo9hxITQ==

ELECTORAL LAWS SECTION

f2458924 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:pqSK5ccQqsi2Q9Eq2P5ZhQ==

1-1a. Electoral laws were unfair to smaller parties (1-5)[N]

f2458924 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency
3.	Neither agree nor disagree	103
5.	Strongly Agree	126
1.	Strongly Disagree	136
4.	Agree	200
2.	Disagree	246
2147483625.	Don't know	0
2147483635.	Not Applicable	0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:9gUodhErjADQA8P0yJKlPw==

1-1b. Electoral laws were unfair to smaller parties (Reversed coding)

f2458924 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency
1.	Strongly Agree	126
4.	Disagree	246
5.	Strongly Disagree	136
3.	Neither agree nor disagree	103
2.	Agree	200
2147483635.	Not Applicable	0
2147483625.	Don't know	0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:w7rB0AKKTtSos2+OwuPEsw==

1-2a. Electoral laws favored the governing party or parties (1-5)[N]

f2458924 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency
2147483635.	Not Applicable	0
2.	Disagree	229
2147483625.	Don't know	0
3.	Neither agree nor disagree	104
1.	Strongly Disagree	178
4.	Agree	154
5.	Strongly Agree	154

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:yaRIVzi/3uiHd/OJaOsGPg==

1-2b. Electoral laws favored the governing party or parties (Reversed coding)

f2458924 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency
1.	Strongly Agree	154
3.	Neither agree nor disagree	104
5.	Strongly Disagree	178
2147483625.	Don't know	0
2.	Agree	154
4.	Disagree	229
2147483635.	Not Applicable	0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:T4jNH3+jkJyIogKmMWhYNg==

1-3a. Elections laws restricted citizens' rights (1-5)[N]

f2458924 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency
5.	Strongly Agree	87
1.	Strongly Disagree	263
2.	Disagree	273
3.	Neither agree nor disagree	85
2147483625.	Don't know	0
4.	Agree	134
2147483635.	Not Applicable	0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:lyFn89M0JAFSMGrih9A51Q==

1-3b. Elections laws restricted citizens' rights (Reversed coding)

f2458924 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency
2.	Agree	134
2147483635.	Not Applicable	0
5.	Strongly Disagree	263
4.	Disagree	273
2147483625.	Don't know	0
3.	Neither agree nor disagree	85
1.	Strongly Agree	87

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:JS/kBpPtWeA9aKgQ3eftEQ==

1-4. Electoral laws index (20-100)

f2458924 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:tSEQgOJUN2L1rS3wTfKpvg==

1-4i. Electoral laws index (20-100), imputed

f2458924 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:8CS+F/OfwARPRjMJ5itsaA==

ELECTORAL PROCEDURES SECTION

f2458924 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:pqSK5ccQqsi2Q9Eq2P5ZhQ==

2-1. Elections were well managed (1-5)[P]

f2458924 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency
2147483625.	Don't know	0
2147483635.	Not Applicable	0
5.	Strongly Agree	246
1.	Strongly Disagree	82
2.	Disagree	141
3.	Neither agree nor disagree	82
4.	Agree	287

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:vG/M9uzJ34aosv9q+/3aBQ==

2-2. Information about voting procedures was widely available (1-5)[P]

f2458924 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency
1.	Strongly Disagree	38
2147483635.	Not Applicable	0
5.	Strongly Agree	289
2.	Disagree	86
2147483625.	Don't know	0
3.	Neither agree nor disagree	72
4.	Agree	342

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:LfAhWjbyxa9fmbSjH0ynfw==

2-3. Election officials were fair (1-5)[P]

f2458924 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency
3.	Neither agree nor disagree	87
2147483635.	Not Applicable	0
2147483625.	Don't know	0
1.	Strongly Disagree	85
5.	Strongly Agree	270
2.	Disagree	124
4.	Agree	245

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:xIIP0tVzCaDjMhZK4dIKCA==

2-4. Elections were conducted in accordance with the law (1-5)[P]

f2458924 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency
1.	Strongly Disagree	68
3.	Neither agree nor disagree	77
2.	Disagree	101
4.	Agree	292
2147483625.	Don't know	0
2147483635.	Not Applicable	0
5.	Strongly Agree	300

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:nn5VTlTEk+lP+JbPVD95XA==

2-5. Electoral procedures index (25-100)

f2458924 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:NZSDQt9e+2kqZQrH02I84w==

2-5i. Electoral procedures index (25-100), imputed

f2458924 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:CNB+CxZk55hVJ4BGhBl+5g==

BOUNDARIES FOR VOTING DISTRICTS SECTION

f2458924 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:pqSK5ccQqsi2Q9Eq2P5ZhQ==

3-1a. Boundaries discriminated against some parties (1-5)[N]

f2458924 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency
1.	Strongly Disagree	92
5.	Strongly Agree	81
3.	Neither agree nor disagree	88
2.	Disagree	169
2147483635.	Not Applicable	0
2147483625.	Don't know	0
4.	Agree	136

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:FIDY33xtOVtyw5QI7c8pzQ==

3-1b. Boundaries discriminated against some parties (Reversed coding)

f2458924 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency
1.	Strongly Agree	81
2.	Agree	136
2147483625.	Don't know	0
5.	Strongly Disagree	92
4.	Disagree	169
2147483635.	Not Applicable	0
3.	Neither agree nor disagree	88

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:hkDTLdZ5sqGfRpehPyoAoA==

3-2a. Boundaries favored incumbents (1-5)[N]

f2458924 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency
4.	Agree	125
2.	Disagree	152
1.	Strongly Disagree	100
5.	Strongly Agree	79
2147483635.	Not Applicable	0
2147483625.	Don't know	0
3.	Neither agree nor disagree	106

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:KlW5BpRtmX+2emwumhtxUA==

3-2b. Boundaries favored incumbents (Reversed coding)

f2458924 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency
1.	Strongly Agree	79
4.	Disagree	152
3.	Neither agree nor disagree	106
5.	Strongly Disagree	100
2147483635.	Not Applicable	0
2.	Agree	125
2147483625.	Don't know	0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:0H56IYCoGyBqe7XgfN2Fdw==

3-3. Boundaries were impartial (1-5)[P]

f2458924 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency
4.	Agree	155
2147483625.	Don't know	0
5.	Strongly Agree	76
1.	Strongly Disagree	98
2.	Disagree	136
2147483635.	Not Applicable	0
3.	Neither agree nor disagree	115

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:rg0MJ6xqa4evsCV40gC5/Q==

3-4. Voting district boundaries index (20-100)

f2458924 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:yzntgrpo7I5rCRCbZo5mAw==

3-4i. Voting district boundaries index (20-100), imputed

f2458924 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:h8QxwlaUyFBPR1XM55ELqQ==

VOTER REGISTRATION SECTION

f2458924 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:pqSK5ccQqsi2Q9Eq2P5ZhQ==

4-1a. Some citizens were not listed in the register (1-5)[N]

f2458924 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency
2.	Disagree	163
2147483625.	Don't know	0
5.	Strongly Agree	123
4.	Agree	209
1.	Strongly Disagree	158
2147483635.	Not Applicable	0
3.	Neither agree nor disagree	61

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:i1IR2Nn0J4uU5c02GLmrzQ==

4-1b. Some citizens were not listed in the register (Reversed coding)

f2458924 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency
3.	Neither agree nor disagree	61
4.	Disagree	163
2147483625.	Don't know	0
2147483635.	Not Applicable	0
5.	Strongly Disagree	158
2.	Agree	209
1.	Strongly Agree	123

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:FeAxCkf6hF5lAnVC202IAg==

4-2a. The electoral register was inaccurate (1-5)[N]

f2458924 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency
5.	Strongly Agree	108
2147483625.	Don't know	0
1.	Strongly Disagree	176
3.	Neither agree nor disagree	89
4.	Agree	155
2147483635.	Not Applicable	0
2.	Disagree	208

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:436wzkGmMB3M5BlT8GqInQ==

4-2b. The electoral register was inaccurate (Reversed coding)

f2458924 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency
2.	Agree	155
3.	Neither agree nor disagree	89
1.	Strongly Agree	108
2147483625.	Don't know	0
5.	Strongly Disagree	176
4.	Disagree	208
2147483635.	Not Applicable	0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:MvLyqkreQjXyFmZGkpuUuw==

4-3a. Some ineligible electors were registered (1-5)[N]

f2458924 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency
5.	Strongly Agree	85
1.	Strongly Disagree	170
2147483625.	Don't know	0
4.	Agree	135
3.	Neither agree nor disagree	90
2147483635.	Not Applicable	0
2.	Disagree	172

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:AjkuMsJDLwnUVGi2piiwlQ==

4-3b. Some ineligible electors were registered (Reversed coding)

f2458924 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency
2.	Agree	135
2147483625.	Don't know	0
3.	Neither agree nor disagree	90
5.	Strongly Disagree	170
4.	Disagree	172
2147483635.	Not Applicable	0
1.	Strongly Agree	85

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:9PZKMK2lAg/zcO+7xl9h2g==

4-4. Voter registration index (20-100)

f2458924 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:KZe5a4YmluoFwlnWKA+4nQ==

4-4i. Voter registration index (20-100), imputed

f2458924 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:XYOV2hN0WzdY5BPqpOb2sg==

PARTY AND CANDIDATE REGISTRATION SECTION

f2458924 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:pqSK5ccQqsi2Q9Eq2P5ZhQ==

5-1a. Some opposition candidates were prevented from running (1-5)[N]

f2458924 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency
2.	Disagree	279
2147483635.	Not Applicable	0
1.	Strongly Disagree	289
4.	Agree	110
3.	Neither agree nor disagree	47
5.	Strongly Agree	86
2147483625.	Don't know	0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:MiLPAtKh9pifML8v9L7JKA==

5-1b. Some opposition candidates were prevented from running (Reversed coding)

f2458924 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency
4.	Disagree	279
2147483625.	Don't know	0
3.	Neither agree nor disagree	47
2147483635.	Not Applicable	0
1.	Strongly Agree	86
5.	Strongly Disagree	289
2.	Agree	110

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:kk2WDXkiCVMWzMio3fqWKg==

5-2. Women had equal opportunities to run for office (1-5)[P]

f2458924 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency
3.	Neither agree nor disagree	104
2147483635.	Not Applicable	0
1.	Strongly Disagree	62
4.	Agree	285
2.	Disagree	168
5.	Strongly Agree	217
2147483625.	Don't know	0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:db4rG0GW0zGCg8kVTBnkKA==

5-3. Ethnic and national minorities had equal opportunities to run for office (1

f2458924 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency
3.	Neither agree nor disagree	94
2147483635.	Not Applicable	0
2.	Disagree	178
4.	Agree	292
2147483625.	Don't know	0
1.	Strongly Disagree	66
5.	Strongly Agree	165

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:oYZn2LdnJTOm5E+8YxlXjQ==

5-4a. Only top party leaders selected candidates (1-5)[N]

f2458924 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency
5.	Strongly Agree	125
2147483635.	Not Applicable	0
1.	Strongly Disagree	93
3.	Neither agree nor disagree	129
2.	Disagree	236
2147483625.	Don't know	0
4.	Agree	210

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:qMVEE+Id4VGnKoJ9j4Jv4Q==

5-4b. Only top party leaders selected candidates (Reversed coding)

f2458924 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency
3.	Neither agree nor disagree	129
2147483635.	Not Applicable	0
2.	Agree	210
5.	Strongly Disagree	93
2147483625.	Don't know	0
1.	Strongly Agree	125
4.	Disagree	236

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:A46HP/xgSCqPS774Rb8hOQ==

5-5a. Some parties/candidates were restricted from holding campaign rallies (1-5

f2458924 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency
1.	Strongly Disagree	237
4.	Agree	142
2147483625.	Don't know	0
2147483635.	Not Applicable	0
2.	Disagree	252
5.	Strongly Agree	86
3.	Neither agree nor disagree	83

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:g4uPSY3Svlpbvps4MO042w==

5-5b. Some parties/candidates were restricted from holding campaign rallies (Rev

f2458924 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency
2147483635.	Not Applicable	0
5.	Strongly Disagree	237
4.	Disagree	252
1.	Strongly Agree	86
2147483625.	Don't know	0
3.	Neither agree nor disagree	83
2.	Agree	142

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:8SvhS/FC495SAhq3B3M1Tw==

5-6. Party and candidate registration index (20-100)

f2458924 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:pvcCQ7OHV0VbuVrpFVVbDQ==

5-6i. Party and candidate registration index (20-100), imputed

f2458924 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:Ro2mjTReig/synfvK9UZyw==

MEDIA COVERAGE SECTION

f2458924 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:pqSK5ccQqsi2Q9Eq2P5ZhQ==

6-1. Newspapers provided balanced election news (1-5)[P]

f2458924 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency
5.	Strongly Agree	43
3.	Neither agree nor disagree	128
2.	Disagree	270
4.	Agree	243
1.	Strongly Disagree	154
2147483635.	Not Applicable	0
2147483625.	Don't know	0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:bHET7nqWHj3HOCJTjqtlcg==

6-2a. TV news favored the governing party (1-5)[N]

f2458924 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency
1.	Strongly Disagree	91
2.	Disagree	282
3.	Neither agree nor disagree	114
5.	Strongly Agree	143
2147483625.	Don't know	0
2147483635.	Not Applicable	0
4.	Agree	172

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:79EwfzBhN+aZfOckb3ndZQ==

6-2b. TV news favored the governing party (Reversed coding)

f2458924 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency
4.	Disagree	282
3.	Neither agree nor disagree	114
2147483635.	Not Applicable	0
1.	Strongly Agree	143
5.	Strongly Disagree	91
2147483625.	Don't know	0
2.	Agree	172

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:6ZUbD4gp0f03tTa2cjG0Vw==

6-3. Parties/candidates had fair access to political broadcasts and advertising

f2458924 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency
3.	Neither agree nor disagree	98
2.	Disagree	220
2147483625.	Don't know	0
4.	Agree	300
2147483635.	Not Applicable	0
1.	Strongly Disagree	128
5.	Strongly Agree	82

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:6cuRsPdYCnI9k1v3U+M5ww==

6-4. Journalists provided fair coverage of the elections (1-5)[P]

f2458924 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency
5.	Strongly Agree	50
1.	Strongly Disagree	102
3.	Neither agree nor disagree	179
2.	Disagree	230
2147483625.	Don't know	0
4.	Agree	270
2147483635.	Not Applicable	0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:4/PRJzg+jmaY/Vx0atuibA==

6-5. Social media were used to expose electoral fraud (1-5)[P]

f2458924 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency
5.	Strongly Agree	90
1.	Strongly Disagree	64
4.	Agree	252
2147483635.	Not Applicable	0
2147483625.	Don't know	0
3.	Neither agree nor disagree	145
2.	Disagree	101

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:fVTgK4hWnnDcyyHi9vn9MA==

6-6. Media coverage index (20-100)

f2458924 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:Lgg8qGKYJSIK+EjqNIQqnA==

6-6i. Media coverage index (20-100), imputed

f2458924 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:MJaUDYlDnY7SLt97HlcaSQ==

CAMPAIGN FINANCE SECTION

f2458924 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:pqSK5ccQqsi2Q9Eq2P5ZhQ==

7-1. Parties/candidates had equitable access to public political subsidies(1-5)[

f2458924 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency
2147483635.	Not Applicable	0
3.	Neither agree nor disagree	82
2147483625.	Don't know	0
5.	Strongly Agree	53
1.	Strongly Disagree	116
4.	Agree	249
2.	Disagree	210

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:3T7NJQV/at5uki4ERr6byw==

7-2. Parties/candidates had equitable access to political donations(1-5)[P]

f2458924 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency
1.	Strongly Disagree	139
3.	Neither agree nor disagree	97
4.	Agree	187
2147483635.	Not Applicable	0
5.	Strongly Agree	38
2.	Disagree	263
2147483625.	Don't know	0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:Zq0F6FTUyUY7yx3VCzMENQ==

7-3. Parties/candidates publish transparent financial accounts(1-5)[P]

f2458924 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency
2147483635.	Not Applicable	0
3.	Neither agree nor disagree	101
2.	Disagree	305
2147483625.	Don't know	0
5.	Strongly Agree	27
4.	Agree	87
1.	Strongly Disagree	249

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:YjBgnJ1o3USMw9UjtTDKGg==

7-4a. Rich people buy elections (1-5)[N]

f2458924 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency
4.	Agree	204
2147483635.	Not Applicable	0
5.	Strongly Agree	143
1.	Strongly Disagree	109
3.	Neither agree nor disagree	174
2147483625.	Don't know	0
2.	Disagree	181

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:QS9mfGT4yWnOVv/o4ZCdUA==

7-4b. Rich people buy elections (Reversed coding)

f2458924 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency
5.	Strongly Disagree	109
4.	Disagree	181
2147483625.	Don't know	0
2147483635.	Not Applicable	0
2.	Agree	204
1.	Strongly Agree	143
3.	Neither agree nor disagree	174

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:4GH70P+Ab5vL02FaBDEUjg==

7-5a. Some state resources were improperly used for campaigning (1-5)[N]

f2458924 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency
3.	Neither agree nor disagree	101
2147483635.	Not Applicable	0
4.	Agree	231
1.	Strongly Disagree	98
2.	Disagree	121
2147483625.	Don't know	0
5.	Strongly Agree	201

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:kH8mU26Np1mreGHJ3AXe7g==

7-5b. Some state resources were improperly used for campaigning (Reversed coding

f2458924 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency
3.	Neither agree nor disagree	101
2147483635.	Not Applicable	0
2.	Agree	231
2147483625.	Don't know	0
5.	Strongly Disagree	98
1.	Strongly Agree	201
4.	Disagree	121

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:NBoQahFz2/pNzK/pu5pRBA==

7-6. Campaign finance index (20-100)

f2458924 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:jUnajzHKIsRmcxBVqzMAlQ==

7-6i. Campaign finance index (20-100), imputed

f2458924 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:ENsxYAcukU7L/AQDp+SUfA==

VOTING PROCESS SECTION

f2458924 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:pqSK5ccQqsi2Q9Eq2P5ZhQ==

8-1a. Some voters were threatened with violence at the polls(1-5)[N]

f2458924 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency
5.	Strongly Agree	58
4.	Agree	138
2.	Disagree	234
3.	Neither agree nor disagree	50
2147483635.	Not Applicable	0
2147483625.	Don't know	0
1.	Strongly Disagree	304

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:WnBJYtHMnpn5ZcBEvrzRpw==

8-1b. Some voters were threatened with violence at the polls (Reversed coding)

f2458924 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency
1.	Strongly Agree	58
3.	Neither agree nor disagree	50
5.	Strongly Disagree	304
2147483635.	Not Applicable	0
2147483625.	Don't know	0
4.	Disagree	234
2.	Agree	138

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:20ZQ785H2c819iJirIQwLw==

8-2a. Some fraudulent votes were cast (1-5)[N]

f2458924 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency
2.	Disagree	147
2147483625.	Don't know	0
3.	Neither agree nor disagree	88
1.	Strongly Disagree	185
4.	Agree	194
2147483635.	Not Applicable	0
5.	Strongly Agree	110

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:UgFuo0IoJODixh77yg2SrQ==

8-2b. Some fraudulent votes were cast (Reversed coding)

f2458924 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency
2.	Agree	194
3.	Neither agree nor disagree	88
4.	Disagree	147
1.	Strongly Agree	110
2147483625.	Don't know	0
5.	Strongly Disagree	185
2147483635.	Not Applicable	0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:eKXl9otix7iFIlYgS9tZKw==

8-3. The process of voting was easy (1-1)[Y]

f2458924 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency
1.	Strongly Disagree	20
3.	Neither agree nor disagree	69
2147483635.	Not Applicable	0
2147483625.	Don't know	0
4.	Agree	399
2.	Disagree	82
5.	Strongly Agree	262

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:h5NO+UgdWJcHlNUCBCO/Pw==

8-4. Voters were offered a genuine choice at the ballot box (1-5)[P]

f2458924 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency
2.	Disagree	80
3.	Neither agree nor disagree	82
2147483625.	Don't know	0
4.	Agree	341
1.	Strongly Disagree	57
5.	Strongly Agree	275
2147483635.	Not Applicable	0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:++/AfjgAuUMAm3eZ3FwPQw==

8-5. Postal ballots were available (1-5)[P]

f2458924 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency
4.	Agree	158
2.	Disagree	108
2147483625.	Don't know	0
5.	Strongly Agree	128
2147483635.	Not Applicable	0
1.	Strongly Disagree	164
3.	Neither agree nor disagree	28

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:DFF/uJ88nX5i3xWahinKKg==

8-6. Special voting facilities were available for the disabled (1-5)[P]

f2458924 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency
3.	Neither agree nor disagree	65
2147483625.	Don't know	0
2147483635.	Not Applicable	0
2.	Disagree	119
5.	Strongly Agree	125
4.	Agree	235
1.	Strongly Disagree	56

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:j4LVp6tjVRiWDbBcsnIxpA==

8-7. National citizens living abroad could vote (1-5)[P]

f2458924 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency
4.	Agree	281
5.	Strongly Agree	203
3.	Neither agree nor disagree	40
2147483635.	Not Applicable	0
2.	Disagree	89
1.	Strongly Disagree	129
2147483625.	Don't know	0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:LGcA/YWzq4EY1bJB/WOa0g==

8-8. Some form of internet voting was available (1-5)[P]

f2458924 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency
1.	Strongly Disagree	395
2.	Disagree	174
2147483625.	Don't know	0
5.	Strongly Agree	8
3.	Neither agree nor disagree	16
4.	Agree	6
2147483635.	Not Applicable	0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:pcT0RTKxHIFUupkQOJPJGw==

8-9. Voting process index (20-100)

f2458924 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:e2+sdYQffIP/bVoWuDYfoA==

8-9i. Voting process index (20-100), imputed

f2458924 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:SLZLI1coFfkQ0c9ss4Pwkw==

THE VOTE COUNT SECTION

f2458924 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:pqSK5ccQqsi2Q9Eq2P5ZhQ==

9-1. Ballot boxes were secure (1-5)[P]

f2458924 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency
1.	Strongly Disagree	48
3.	Neither agree nor disagree	77
2.	Disagree	93
2147483625.	Don't know	0
4.	Agree	299
5.	Strongly Agree	256
2147483635.	Not Applicable	0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:dCzdeApWx3gwjsVl7zkOGw==

9-2. The results were announced without undue delay (1-5)[P]

f2458924 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency
4.	Agree	339
1.	Strongly Disagree	62
2.	Disagree	84
3.	Neither agree nor disagree	28
5.	Strongly Agree	326
2147483625.	Don't know	0
2147483635.	Not Applicable	0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:cPMrZAq/w/+VgxDeswC1/g==

9-3. Votes were counted fairly (1-5)[P]

f2458924 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency
2.	Disagree	81
2147483635.	Not Applicable	0
4.	Agree	286
5.	Strongly Agree	277
2147483625.	Don't know	0
1.	Strongly Disagree	72
3.	Neither agree nor disagree	78

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:+3RpBV2aT1hjrEXhdJ3I3g==

9-4a. Int'l election monitors were restricted (1-5)[N]

f2458924 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency
1.	Strongly Disagree	272
3.	Neither agree nor disagree	69
2147483625.	Don't know	0
2.	Disagree	249
2147483635.	Not Applicable	0
4.	Agree	57
5.	Strongly Agree	47

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:4q5Z+meqoGZVoJWV1Tw/8g==

9-4b. Int'l election monitors were restricted (Reversed coding)

f2458924 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency
3.	Neither agree nor disagree	69
4.	Disagree	249
1.	Strongly Agree	47
2147483625.	Don't know	0
5.	Strongly Disagree	272
2147483635.	Not Applicable	0
2.	Agree	57

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:/OjeChHNrSgVm1HZV50YUg==

9-5a. Domestic election monitors were restricted (1-5)[N]

f2458924 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency
1.	Strongly Disagree	281
5.	Strongly Agree	46
2.	Disagree	268
4.	Agree	74
2147483625.	Don't know	0
2147483635.	Not Applicable	0
3.	Neither agree nor disagree	73

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:oK4nZyeUnsQaAYMX48jdrQ==

9-5b. Domestic election monitors were restricted (Reversed coding)

f2458924 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency
2147483635.	Not Applicable	0
3.	Neither agree nor disagree	73
4.	Disagree	268
2147483625.	Don't know	0
2.	Agree	74
1.	Strongly Agree	46
5.	Strongly Disagree	281

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:48v3Z16KmOWlzgiZwny+mA==

9-6. Vote count index (20-100)

f2458924 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:vr8NHJ7pmf9ZCn4bKD3mtw==

9-6i. Vote count index (20-100), imputed

f2458924 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:gwX45h42TecCR39vz+hVeA==

VOTING RESULTS SECTION

f2458924 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:pqSK5ccQqsi2Q9Eq2P5ZhQ==

10-1a. Parties/candidates challenged the results (1-5)[N]

f2458924 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency
1.	Strongly Disagree	213
2147483635.	Not Applicable	0
5.	Strongly Agree	134
3.	Neither agree nor disagree	45
2.	Disagree	177
2147483625.	Don't know	0
4.	Agree	243

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:Rcydk5XgAEaqsJgDkJSqPw==

10-1b. Parties/candidates challenged the results (Reversed coding)

f2458924 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency
2147483625.	Don't know	0
1.	Strongly Agree	134
2.	Agree	243
2147483635.	Not Applicable	0
4.	Disagree	177
3.	Neither agree nor disagree	45
5.	Strongly Disagree	213

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:HTNBo95Vs2wQAY7XrxAdEg==

10-2a. The election led to peaceful protests (1-5)[N]

f2458924 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency
4.	Agree	194
2147483635.	Not Applicable	0
1.	Strongly Disagree	237
2147483625.	Don't know	0
5.	Strongly Agree	73
2.	Disagree	231
3.	Neither agree nor disagree	58

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:a1XH7mNfMLWQXlTpu+F86g==

10-2b. The election led to peaceful protests (Reversed coding)

f2458924 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency
1.	Strongly Agree	73
2147483625.	Don't know	0
5.	Strongly Disagree	237
3.	Neither agree nor disagree	58
2.	Agree	194
4.	Disagree	231
2147483635.	Not Applicable	0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:HskKCNYlXj0aOqyTZMpmdQ==

10-3a. The election triggered violent protests (1-5)[N]

f2458924 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency
2147483635.	Not Applicable	0
2147483625.	Don't know	0
4.	Agree	45
5.	Strongly Agree	24
1.	Strongly Disagree	426
2.	Disagree	257
3.	Neither agree nor disagree	45

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:7bg9CU5QWE6yqa378E9Muw==

10-3b. The election triggered violent protests (Reversed coding)

f2458924 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency
3.	Neither agree nor disagree	45
1.	Strongly Agree	24
2.	Agree	45
4.	Disagree	257
2147483625.	Don't know	0
5.	Strongly Disagree	426
2147483635.	Not Applicable	0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:lJBfxz5/WHUgAkD+tOBYeA==

10-4. Any disputes were resolved through legal channels (1-5)[P]

f2458924 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency
2147483635.	Not Applicable	0
5.	Strongly Agree	151
2.	Disagree	99
4.	Agree	274
1.	Strongly Disagree	72
2147483625.	Don't know	0
3.	Neither agree nor disagree	86

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:m5KFUMRfSpeNnuMFLehs1Q==

10-5. Results index (25-100)

f2458924 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:urfXEX677elTtReLoMzbzg==

10-5i. Results index (25-100), imputed

f2458924 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:o6LiRa5vWRHCcJFBwZ6OZA==

ELECTORAL AUTHORITIES SECTION

f2458924 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:pqSK5ccQqsi2Q9Eq2P5ZhQ==

11-1. The election authorities were impartial (1-5)[P]

f2458924 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency
4.	Agree	259
2147483625.	Don't know	0
2147483635.	Not Applicable	0
2.	Disagree	137
3.	Neither agree nor disagree	89
5.	Strongly Agree	212
1.	Strongly Disagree	129

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:T47RDD9u5hnmOLNqq3qb8g==

11-2. The authorities distributed information to citizens (1-5)[P]

f2458924 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency
2.	Disagree	67
3.	Neither agree nor disagree	74
5.	Strongly Agree	233
1.	Strongly Disagree	41
2147483625.	Don't know	0
2147483635.	Not Applicable	0
4.	Agree	401

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:DgWzTKC+ff/9twE+haRQGw==

11-3. The authorities allowed public scrutiny of their performance (1-5)[P]

f2458924 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency
5.	Strongly Agree	148
2.	Disagree	146
3.	Neither agree nor disagree	125
2147483635.	Not Applicable	0
4.	Agree	292
1.	Strongly Disagree	85
2147483625.	Don't know	0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:edI+ciSLbCjiJeCEZ1As3w==

11-4. The election authorities performed well (1-5)[P]

f2458924 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency
4.	Agree	292
2.	Disagree	123
5.	Strongly Agree	202
3.	Neither agree nor disagree	121
2147483635.	Not Applicable	0
2147483625.	Don't know	0
1.	Strongly Disagree	92

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:vmtKD4MQXt4S/IMZxlUfMg==

11-5. Electoral authorities index (25-100)

f2458924 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:R7KdkEC73mFcFjAG6k8uhQ==

11-5i. Electoral authorities index (25-100), imputed

f2458924 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:RDX3F8ZfvheVFi8vKJlNHw==

GENERAL ELECTION QUESTIONS

f2458924 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:pqSK5ccQqsi2Q9Eq2P5ZhQ==

13-1. How familiar are you with elections in this country?

f2458924 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:df18/dAomDZdzovL5mqMfg==

13-2. Which election (if more than 1) was most important

f2458924 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency
1.	Pres	303
2.	Lower House	305
4.	Upper & Lower House	24
3.	Upper House	23
8.	Other combination	37
6.	Local	16
7.	Regional	6
5.	Exec. & Leg.	23

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:iCd5tknDWnxnixB6KjQvAA==

ORGANIZATIONAL CONFIDENCE SECTION

f2458924 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:pqSK5ccQqsi2Q9Eq2P5ZhQ==

14-1. Confidence in the courts (1=none - 10=a great deal)

f2458924 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:VQ0IflYoRx2X8r0fdT8z9Q==

14-2. Confidence in the government (1=none - 10=a great deal)

f2458924 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:/KOQCoD+D70Kjnr/sfeFqQ==

14-3. Confidence in the parliament (1=none - 10=a great deal)

f2458924 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:Lt4bnPdZnlULXdBSkkjq0w==

14-4. Confidence in the armed forces (1=none - 10=a great deal)

f2458924 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:vSYh2zo0PUpKvufeXbMWkA==

14-5. Confidence in the police (1=none - 10=a great deal)

f2458924 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:wYp8D/XJYTai0Z3wCCVQCQ==

14-6. Confidence in the elect.authorities (1=none - 10=a great deal)

f2458924 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:UYYVQXibiJTDluMaoyH8ZQ==

14-7. Confidence in television (1=none - 10=a great deal)

f2458924 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:j5r7kQg+n/+rqdj87c5RjQ==

14-8. Confidence in the press (1=none - 10=a great deal)

f2458924 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:QNqWyGaByMCbT7x6wtVIog==

14-9. Confidence in political parties (1=none - 10=a great deal)

f2458924 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:4hsX/uboagMSU2LspLI+Ww==

EXPERT BACKGROUND SECTION

f2458924 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:pqSK5ccQqsi2Q9Eq2P5ZhQ==

15-0. % domestic experts evaluation this election

f2458924 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency	Text
0.	international	344
1.	domestic	511

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:MUtlaqQprO5sodTA4AzENw==

15-1. Employment type

f2458924 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency
2.	2Parttime	54
1.	1Unemployed	26
3.	3Fulltime	650

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:pRD07BFpsUeMwDwhuE6N4Q==

15-2. Works (or has worked) in the government public sector

f2458924 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency	Text
1.	Yes	122
0.	No	733

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:PVN2hfCiUS27iTQZJAgQkw==

15-3. Works (or has worked) in a university

f2458924 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency	Text
1.	Yes	709
0.	No	146

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:bHtuRDCHChQLCz9j59bBEQ==

15-4. Works (or has worked) in private non-profit sector/NGOs

f2458924 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency	Text
0.	No	707
1.	Yes	148

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:+GJrynMytDkJXE/JvgteUg==

15-5. Works (or has worked) in an international agency

f2458924 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency	Text
0.	No	794
1.	Yes	61

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:2d4OGZTaLRQuXdeo1Nhhzw==

15-6. Works (or has worked) in an private business or industry

f2458924 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency	Text
1.	Yes	61
0.	No	794

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:XSxlSbH5qf0tD+i9g6W5hw==

15-7. Most recent occupation

f2458924 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency
6.	6_Academic	732
5.	5_Professl	51
1.	CivilSer	10
3.	3_IntlOff	28
2.	2_ElectionOff	8
4.	4_Journalist	5

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:fsZPTEQlXCusYdFKBMDTBw==

15-8. Expert's age group (by decade)

f2458924 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency
5.	60-69	107
3.	40-49	257
4.	50-59	169
6.	70-79	21
1.	20-29	46
2.	30-39	254
7.	80-89	1

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:FMf+pzwAP4c8HhvKj2eKCw==

15-9. Sex (1=female; 0=male)

f2458924 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency	Text
0.	Male	625
1.	Female	230

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:RnBi3HJPnv9Lq1adPzBZCA==

15-10. Highest level of education

f2458924 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency
3.	3Secondary	1
5.	5Grad	811
2.	2Primary	0
2147483636.	Other	0
1.	1Noformaled	1
4.	4Undergrad	24

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:R2yeCZbEQeqU85r2+4KZNA==

15-11. Were you born in this country?

f2458924 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency	Text
1.	Yes	502
0.	No	335

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:dtzMlPJXdkZ9G+Ic1G/wNg==

15-12. # years lived in this country

f2458924 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency
3.	3_5to9Yrs	43
5.	5_Life	351
4.	4_10Yrsormore	224
0.	0_Never	73
2.	2_1to4Yrs	102
1.	1_Less1Yr	46

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:8lmYyFUcLp3R7EYSVy3eKQ==

15-13. Expert was a candidate for elected office

f2458924 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency	Text
1.	Yes	10
0.	No	845

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:L4a56zhWh9PKB8xt25bIkQ==

15-14. Expert was an elected representative

f2458924 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency	Text
0.	No	848
1.	Yes	7

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:e48Bv7SQlT0PF1zFmCQX5g==

15-15. Expert was an election activist

f2458924 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency	Text
1.	Yes	10
0.	No	845

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:oUSEE8QkpL+p801ziAVmNg==

15-16. Expert was election NGO watch personnel

f2458924 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency	Text
0.	No	796
1.	Yes	59

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:4qfobwGMYvkp8sR3ip9T9g==

15-17. Expert voted in this election

f2458924 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency	Text
1.	Yes	367
0.	No	488

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:/yCmoRHSEaFfhMoVOxlqSw==

15-18. Expert did not participate in any role in this election

f2458924 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency	Text
0.	No	456
1.	Yes	399

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:TMaS0h8vT+42VBDpgV+XOg==

15-19. Expert was a national official electoral monitor

f2458924 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency	Text
0.	No	806
1.	Yes	49

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:UkDAzNJ1ZPfHP7EuPkohjA==

15-20. Expert was an election official

f2458924 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency	Text
1.	Yes	50
0.	No	805

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:P1Dp63Qyj1N89o6ImGqjEg==

15-21. Expert is a citizen of this country

f2458924 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency	Text
0.	No	304
1.	Yes	551

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:udPbP4wvxuRHVSmzcrLcyw==

15-22. Support the winning or losing side

f2458924 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:wAXlsS8xFpdiZ/rFyBzYrA==

15-23. Political views on 10pt left/right scale

f2458924 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:wCcDuJ6w39Vg127Xn+NLyg==

VIGNETTES SECTION

f2458924 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:pqSK5ccQqsi2Q9Eq2P5ZhQ==

16-1. Vignette A (Queues)

f2458924 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:ZU2Wdt8nucqK+OPAwOoK5w==

16-2. Vignette B (Boycotts)

f2458924 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:Db8zOYGjrW8Vc6FePxXE7w==

16-3. Vignette C (Violence)

f2458924 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:GD8EjQasAOENeBjzV3T4lA==

Other Study-Related Materials

Label:

PEI Codebook 2012-2013

Text:

Codebook for expert, election, and country-level data

Notes:

application/pdf