Replication Data for: Descriptive Representation and Judicial Outcomes in Multi-Ethnic Societies (doi:10.7910/DVN/28870)

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Part 1: Document Description
Part 2: Study Description
Part 3: Data Files Description
Part 4: Variable Description
Part 5: Other Study-Related Materials
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Document Description

Citation

Title:

Replication Data for: Descriptive Representation and Judicial Outcomes in Multi-Ethnic Societies

Identification Number:

doi:10.7910/DVN/28870

Distributor:

Harvard Dataverse

Date of Distribution:

2015-02-06

Version:

Bibliographic Citation:

Grossman, Guy; Gazal-Ayal, Oren; Pimentel, Samuel D.; Weinstein, Jeremy, 2015, "Replication Data for: Descriptive Representation and Judicial Outcomes in Multi-Ethnic Societies", https://doi.org/10.7910/DVN/28870, Harvard Dataverse, V1, UNF:5:NLn+7sCoGdfk6dxf2al4Ig== [fileUNF]

Study Description

Citation

Title:

Replication Data for: Descriptive Representation and Judicial Outcomes in Multi-Ethnic Societies

Identification Number:

doi:10.7910/DVN/28870

Authoring Entity:

Grossman, Guy (University of Pennsylvania)

Gazal-Ayal, Oren (University of Haifa)

Pimentel, Samuel D. (University of Pennsylvania)

Weinstein, Jeremy (Stanford University)

Producer:

Samuel D. Pimentel

Distributor:

Harvard Dataverse

Access Authority:

Samuel D. Pimentel

Depositor:

Samuel D. Pimentel

Date of Deposit:

2015-01-28

Holdings Information:

https://doi.org/10.7910/DVN/28870

Study Scope

Keywords:

Social Sciences, Judicial politics, In-group bias, Bias

Abstract:

The extent to which judicial outcomes depend on judges' identities is a central question in multiethnic societies. Past work on the impact of the racial composition of appellate courts has narrowly focused on civil rights cases in the United States. We expand this literature by testing for ethnicity-based panel effects in criminal appeals in Israel. Using randomness in the assignment of cases to panels, we find that appeal outcomes for Jewish defendants are independent of panels' ethnic composition. By contrast, panel composition is highly consequential for Arab defendants, who receive more lenient punishments when their case is heard by a panel that includes at least one Arab judge, compared to all-Jewish panels. The magnitude of these effects is sizable: a 14–20% reduction in incarceration and a 15–26% reduction in prison sentencing. These findings contribute to recent debates on the relationship between descriptive representation and substantive outcomes in judicial bodies.

Country:

United States

Methodology and Processing

Sources Statement

Data Access

Notes:

Other Study Description Materials

Related Publications

Citation

Title:

Grossman, Guy, Oren Gazal-Ayal, Samuel D. Pimentel, and Jeremy M. Weinstein. 2016. “Descriptive Representation and Judicial Outcomes in Multiethnic Societies.” <i>American Journal of Political Science</i> 60 (1): 44-69.

Identification Number:

10.1111/ajps.12187

Bibliographic Citation:

File Description--f2532437

File: imputed_data.Rdata

Number of cases: 544
No. of variables per record: 32
Type of File: text/tab-separated-values

Notes:

UNF:5:kZsC6rk3hHjjWi3IOu2cLg==

Imputed versions of the data (produced using Amelia). Run clean_and_impute.r to produce this file.

File Description--f2532427

File: Israel district appeals.dta

Number of cases: 594
No. of variables per record: 123
Type of File: text/tab-separated-values

Notes:

UNF:5:0fVcE79mB+71msw0DHdCrA==

Raw data from Israeli district courts.

Variable Description

List of Variables:

narabs_J - narabs_J
female_j - female_j
accused_arab - accused_arab
accused_female - accused_female
criminal_record - criminal_record
Prison_term_M - Prison_term_M
Com_term_M - Com_term_M
Fine_M - Fine_M
Compensation_M - Compensation_M
incarceration - incarceration
Prison_term_D - Prison_term_D
Com_term_D - Com_term_D
Fine_D - Fine_D
Compensation_D - Compensation_D
methodGuilty - methodGuilty
methodTrial - methodTrial
offense1 - offense1
offense2 - offense2
offense3 - offense3
offense4 - offense4
victimRace2 - victimRace2
prequest2 - prequest2
appellant1 - appellant1
appellant2 - appellant2
lenient - lenient
harsher - harsher
court_Nazareth - court_Nazareth
court_TLV - court_TLV
court_Jerusalem - court_Jerusalem
uniq.panel - uniq.panel
avg_jage - avg_jage
avg_jexp - avg_jexp
encoder - encoder
id - Unique ID
num - num
year
date - date
date2 - Date 2
accused_name - accused_name
court - court
judge1 - Judge 1 name
jcode1 - Judge 1 code
jarab1 - judge1_arab
jfem1 - Judge 1 is female
jage1 - Judge 1 age
jYOB1 - Judge1_YOB
jYON_M1 - Judge1_YON_M
jYON_D1 - Judge1_YON_D
jexp1 - Judge 1 years as a judje
jreligiousity1 - Judge1_Religiousity
judge2 - Judge 2 name
jcode2 - Judge 2 code
jarab2 - judge2_arab
jfem2 - Judge 2 is female
jage2 - Judge 2 age
jYOB2 - Judge2_YOB
jYON_M2 - Judge2_YON_M
jYON_D2 - Judge2_YON_D
jexp2 - Judge 2 years as a judje
jreligiousity2 - Judge2_Religiousity
judge3 - Judge 3 name
jcode3 - Judge 3 code
jarab3 - judge3_arab
jfem3 - Judge 3 is female
jage3 - Judge 3 age
jYOB3 - Judge3_YOB
jYON_M3 - Judge3_YON_M
jYON_D3 - Judge3_YON_D
jexp3 - Judge 3 years as a judje
jreligiousity3 - Judge3_Religiousity
narabs_J - Mixed panel
arabs_J - Number of Arab judges on panel
female_j - Number of female judges on panel
prosecutor_arab - Prosecutor is Arab
prosecutor_female - Prosecutor is female
defender_public - Defendant lawayer is a public defender
defender_arab - Defendant lawayer is Arab
defender_female - Defendant lawayer is female
accused_Num - accused_Num
accused_s_num - accused_s_numÊ
accused_arab - Defendant is Arab
accused_female - Defendant is female
criminal_record - Defendant has a crminal record
accused_israeli - Defendant is Israeli
accused_nationality - Defendant's nationality
Magistrate_date - Magistrate_date
Magistrate - Magistrate judge name
location - Location of magistrate court
magistrate_arab - Magistrate court judge is Arab
magistrate_female - Magistrate court judge is female
method - How the defendant was convicted in the lower court
Offences_new - Offences_new
PublicOrder - Public Order
Property - Property
BodilyHarm - Bodily Harm
Morality - Morality
TrafficLicencing - Licencing (traffic offences)
Fraud - Fraud
Regulatory - Regulatory
Fiscal - Fiscal offences
EconomicBusiness - Economic Business and Professional offences
security - Security aspect to the offence
security_type - Type of security offense
victim - Victim nationality
activating_defered_M - Magistrate activated a previously imposed deferred sentence
deferred - Previously imposed deferred sentence
Prison_term_M - Prison term imposed by the Magistrate in months
Com_term_M - Community service term imposed by the Magistrate in months
Fine_M - Size of fine imposed by Magistrate in NIS
Compensation_M - Size of compensation to the complainant in NIS imposed by nagistrate
detained - Defendant detained at the time of the hearing in the District Court
Report - District court ask for new probation report
Report_positive - probation report's recommendation
Prosecutorial_request - Prosecutorial_request
Appellant - Who filed the appeal
incarceration - Any incarceration
Prison_term_D - Prison term imposed by district court in months
Com_term_D - Community service term imposed by district court in months
Fine_D - Size of fine imposed by district court in NIS
Compensation_D - Compensation to the complainant in NIS imposed by district court
Prison_term - Difference in prison term between district and magistrate court
Com_term - Difference in community service between district and magistrate court
Fine - Difference in size of fine between district and magistrate court
Compensation - Difference in size of compensation between district and magistrate court
prison_reduced - District court reduced prison term
prison_increased - District court increased prison term
verdict - Verdict
Unanimous - District court's decision is unanimous
judge2_majority - judge2_majority
judge2_ruling - judge2_ruling
judge3_majority - judge3_majority
distc1 - court==Nazareth
distc2 - court==TLV
distc3 - court==Jerusalem
avg_jage - Avergae age of panel judges
avg_jexp - Avergae experience of panel judges
methodPlea - method==Plea bargain
methodGuilty - method==Guilty plea
methodTrial - method==Trial
offense1 - Sexual or physical assult
offense2 - Property and Fruad
offense3 - White collar
offense4 - Regulatory
anyvictim - Any clear victim
victimRace1 - victim==No victim
victimRace2 - victim==Jewish
victimRace3 - victim==Arab
victimRace4 - victim==Palastinian
prequest1 - Prosecutorial_request==Harsher sentence
prequest2 - Prosecutorial_request==reject the apeal
prequest3 - Prosecutorial_request==accept the apeal
prequest4 - Prosecutorial_request==didn't show up
appellant1 - Appellant==Defendant
appellant2 - Appellant==Prosecution
appellant3 - Appellant==Both

Variables

narabs_J

f2532437 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:4YL0q0CViI8MOxor0ZP9/g==

female_j

f2532437 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:HI4vz6B522q/Vr2AdbAbUA==

accused_arab

f2532437 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:f1I+PG/V/w+fcOgWKs6qBQ==

accused_female

f2532437 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:vMk7gc7mZzMs0GcRpLucSg==

criminal_record

f2532437 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:nas1u8GV+0UhSi205ust3A==

Prison_term_M

f2532437 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:rgqUw3GgXPpkAMnWlMPJ3g==

Com_term_M

f2532437 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:faylbGuTK4jxuyXuHZQE0w==

Fine_M

f2532437 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:kXFyC7o0/Zrtzx0RKUDPCQ==

Compensation_M

f2532437 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:bvhCCfwUkopxLQ9bVuF5iA==

incarceration

f2532437 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:wiEGxDa+jIIistImsglU2g==

Prison_term_D

f2532437 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:9Bhs/IWVQ6GaAZgEO7AC1Q==

Com_term_D

f2532437 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:6ssuPE5J9mDXBu/5pHqfCA==

Fine_D

f2532437 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:dN7tHnczdAcV31u78qV9Dw==

Compensation_D

f2532437 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:EIvIAUBroRC6FrL67Ab7Qg==

methodGuilty

f2532437 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:6sxZXD2qiDeWwkbItDO/PA==

methodTrial

f2532437 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:+/ZR57kdA2wep7NH0ROWDA==

offense1

f2532437 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:XjZQ9eVjfe2/00M+AZ47eg==

offense2

f2532437 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:8+dcyxQXhzxb5hS2H/lzdQ==

offense3

f2532437 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:BzbpPzr5pug5gEaJn03Umw==

offense4

f2532437 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:wd+fwEzI95Dldn4wfGepIQ==

victimRace2

f2532437 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:J/Ro9tVl2BTw0GTYqIux+Q==

prequest2

f2532437 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:06b56NiMPJ3T81+Apjbd5w==

appellant1

f2532437 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:xANlV3Vee9MyIZh7iNdr/g==

appellant2

f2532437 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:6IT3eIO1xGsCJGfLjpODkg==

lenient

f2532437 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency	Text
0.	FALSE	383
1.	TRUE	161

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:uep9s3vuhNkGrfQPuy/kdg==

harsher

f2532437 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency	Text
1.	TRUE	109
0.	FALSE	435

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:DQ4UqQcoGG9uRItMJPvMpQ==

court_Nazareth

f2532437 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency	Text
0.	FALSE	304
1.	TRUE	240

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:55YlRrrQGLjzxgz3W9Byng==

court_TLV

f2532437 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency	Text
0.	FALSE	377
1.	TRUE	167

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:msnhVnFWJJG0G77xg9xBiA==

court_Jerusalem

f2532437 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency	Text
0.	FALSE	407
1.	TRUE	137

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:vYJyY/7Sy8eF+xuiOo0HEg==

uniq.panel

f2532437 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency
101.102.107.	101.102.107	10
502.503.504.	502.503.504	1
301.302.327.	301.302.327	3
301.309.312.	301.309.312	1
505.507.532.	505.507.532	1
101.102.104.	101.102.104	0
511.518.522.	511.518.522	4
508.509.510.	508.509.510	12
301.327.329.	301.327.329	2
102.109.111.	102.109.111	1
301.315.330.	301.315.330	6
505.507.514.	505.507.514	2
301.327.336.	301.327.336	4
101.104.106.	101.104.106	3
510.513.514.	510.513.514	1
514.519.520.	514.519.520	3
101.102.109.	101.102.109	29
301.321.327.	301.321.327	2
302.315.327.	302.315.327	1
101.104.109.	101.104.109	6
0.522.523.	0.522.523	1
521.522.523.	521.522.523	12
503.515.533.	503.515.533	1
301.306.314.	301.306.314	1
520.522.523.	520.522.523	14
301.302.305.	301.302.305	3
301.330.331.	301.330.331	2
307.338.344.	307.338.344	1
101.104.105.	101.104.105	76
513.524.525.	513.524.525	3
101.103.105.	101.103.105	6
515.521.523.	515.521.523	4
515.523.533.	515.523.533	5
302.327.330.	302.327.330	2
512.513.514.	512.513.514	3
301.303.304.	301.303.304	1
506.508.509.	506.508.509	1
301.303.321.	301.303.321	0
315.319.327.	315.319.327	1
301.327.328.	301.327.328	2
506.512.513.	506.512.513	2
101.105.109.	101.105.109	3
101.104.107.	101.104.107	4
301.307.308.	301.307.308	1
508.511.529.	508.511.529	1
301.327.343.	301.327.343	3
504.505.519.	504.505.519	1
301.327.340.	301.327.340	1
301.302.303.	301.302.303	37
508.509.511.	508.509.511	4
301.307.331.	301.307.331	1
301.302.315.	301.302.315	13
511.524.529.	511.524.529	3
506.531.532.	506.531.532	3
514.519.531.	514.519.531	2
513.515.518.	513.515.518	2
301.302.324.	301.302.324	1
101.105.108.	101.105.108	6
509.513.524.	509.513.524	1
301.302.318.	301.302.318	1
502.503.508.	502.503.508	10
510.516.517.	510.516.517	1
501.502.503.	501.502.503	6
301.303.330.	301.303.330	1
301.315.327.	301.315.327	48
503.508.533.	503.508.533	1
301.303.308.	301.303.308	2
303.331.336.	303.331.336	1
518.520.526.	518.520.526	1
511.513.518.	511.513.518	5
315.327.330.	315.327.330	8
301.324.327.	301.324.327	2
301.320.327.	301.320.327	0
101.105.106.	101.105.106	11
101.104.110.	101.104.110	5
507.520.526.	507.520.526	3
517.520.521.	517.520.521	1
520.525.526.	520.525.526	10
301.327.331.	301.327.331	7
301.315.324.	301.315.324	2
301.315.328.	301.315.328	1
504.506.508.	504.506.508	4
301.302.306.	301.302.306	1
505.506.507.	505.506.507	7
301.303.316.	301.303.316	1
101.109.111.	101.109.111	3
507.518.526.	507.518.526	1
301.310.315.	301.310.315	3
101.102.111.	101.102.111	75
102.107.111.	102.107.111	2

Variable Format: character

Notes: UNF:5:REta67iN61gOyp2kD6mSDw==

avg_jage

f2532437 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:D2NSU4Tdm1svkQKsVNAZLQ==

avg_jexp

f2532437 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:dGrqh7hQefyvifRBiYyMQQ==

encoder

f2532427 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:gV7jJoj1zfWYPr4OXxpeqg==

Unique ID

f2532427 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:J4YaoHCLyIT9Z1Ht8LHZ2Q==

num

f2532427 Location:

Variable Format: character

Notes: UNF:5:2sntX+TI4rnQlWJ4mQefig==

year

f2532427 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:CtHP7SRzKiurc1VWfgLBPg==

date

f2532427 Location:

Variable Format: character

Notes: UNF:5:o3zcXLHP/UfAMA0AfFv0CQ==

Date 2

f2532427 Location:

Variable Format: character

Notes: UNF:5:PPkPj6bQRXk/+Ch3UtBtfg==

accused_name

f2532427 Location:

Variable Format: character

Notes: UNF:5:3Nho/WYkgpAZ+39dWRNwGA==

court

f2532427 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency
3.	Jerusalem	146
1.	Nazareth	258
2.	TLV	190

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:b59CSAwFcWUR2KTSLwzDJw==

Judge 1 name

f2532427 Location:

Variable Format: character

Notes: UNF:5:EIcx8s/8kxx3S5AvfaPikg==

Judge 1 code

f2532427 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:dfffruwCdX3NLhh7Qdrfjg==

judge1_arab

f2532427 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:vEdmNOpPxTMjYs1KhUdI7w==

Judge 1 is female

f2532427 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:gtpNrgyLZFixHwGa7ML+nw==

Judge 1 age

f2532427 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:oqbyd19XJ/pSbnzLbEsOhA==

Judge1_YOB

f2532427 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:OiJ87Qx6Bw93C64lqRnhGA==

Judge1_YON_M

f2532427 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:U3y4Q7vhQobLYqmjjsvnyg==

Judge1_YON_D

f2532427 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:9bhOxzYkq7ZOoioVgHtLQg==

Judge 1 years as a judje

f2532427 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:sOVPUfwA1c2FFyeoeyL/fg==

Judge1_Religiousity

f2532427 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:2ZJHJ1Z6MRdcU3bQ8jmQXg==

Judge 2 name

f2532427 Location:

Variable Format: character

Notes: UNF:5:vhhc1vWeHxq1eGeAT4sXZQ==

Judge 2 code

f2532427 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:nPbDglnkVfbaeM57XIJlpg==

judge2_arab

f2532427 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:ev7TPYCzPT9ciJJI2BzKJw==

Judge 2 is female

f2532427 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:WyJGwSXxx2Dasu8JZJPBYA==

Judge 2 age

f2532427 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:KiDw/t5NcKXF/3jVphUWKg==

Judge2_YOB

f2532427 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:RE3HLNbICZX0wzL7BxUcLw==

Judge2_YON_M

f2532427 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:8EfZrNBhEU8NJxzhJRwYvw==

Judge2_YON_D

f2532427 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:UC0662vl+e7EOpVDAXXtkQ==

Judge 2 years as a judje

f2532427 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:P2rHdLnEZNKw3v2u7oL+Gw==

Judge2_Religiousity

f2532427 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:vbzuUnY5XeYGIfKFShBD3g==

Judge 3 name

f2532427 Location:

Variable Format: character

Notes: UNF:5:kEAvjn1vFxZjXMSF4FtTew==

Judge 3 code

f2532427 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:znVGXNFE+i1+zLsxOiQedQ==

judge3_arab

f2532427 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:cIOg6BlpB9pblwAfx/G8cQ==

Judge 3 is female

f2532427 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:TQmBaB/mscaSgBiM2cdXrQ==

Judge 3 age

f2532427 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:sGUkYMIk/6Av9ljKlVa1Sw==

Judge3_YOB

f2532427 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:/Eb7DUqAl9u2SF58xpBMLg==

Judge3_YON_M

f2532427 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:evwLxx8cefJNe/HcPjImuQ==

Judge3_YON_D

f2532427 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:94BbvzJolx/9YGwTSXWSTQ==

Judge 3 years as a judje

f2532427 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:paIcM5QAzdrWtnPhLEY1zA==

Judge3_Religiousity

f2532427 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:zm/TgUvOuH2bQf+iAP/85Q==

Mixed panel

f2532427 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:gpLmGCfPb2W2gLWsoxNOmQ==

Number of Arab judges on panel

f2532427 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:q40F9MYYWWax+4uBOw5Kaw==

Number of female judges on panel

f2532427 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:Ag+AEmxrBzey+Q7OLdzj3g==

Prosecutor is Arab

f2532427 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:jJsFEQWAXvYR8Y6Ls8ze9Q==

Prosecutor is female

f2532427 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:527ZK/6XVqcRUPbDa3UREQ==

Defendant lawayer is a public defender

f2532427 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:m9PdGnTSV/o9dPkTiKGKpQ==

Defendant lawayer is Arab

f2532427 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:nvF84+hXnNRDITMvMqJzwA==

Defendant lawayer is female

f2532427 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:9ffyBJ8lRumdvu84HsvYJw==

accused_Num

f2532427 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:CC/9BYOvRndboZ/gcNYROA==

accused_s_numÊ

f2532427 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:oWzJqmXvWAeqJG3G8GbdFQ==

Defendant is Arab

f2532427 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:EH3Az+srbvHgXJnTLtdWgQ==

Defendant is female

f2532427 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:ogldY0K5/pFHjL3JFz65gQ==

Defendant has a crminal record

f2532427 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:TObzlPsQdeZTX/8om872fw==

Defendant is Israeli

f2532427 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:qT4kso6LT667md4iiU9YsQ==

Defendant's nationality

f2532427 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency
3.	Foreigner	6
4.	Teritories	31
1.	Isreali	546
2.	East Jerusalem	3

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:EvMHwk/95BZtexGI54UW+A==

Magistrate_date

f2532427 Location:

Variable Format: character

Notes: UNF:5:iPWKMZZNRMGOp1nkEoSKmA==

Magistrate judge name

f2532427 Location:

Variable Format: character

Notes: UNF:5:kuErhyiA8ssb1v0sd3dnkA==

Location of magistrate court

f2532427 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency
8.	Masad	0
12.	Bet Shemesh	5
6.	Kiryat Shmona	3
9.	Tel Aviv	179
3.	Bet She'an	6
4.	Safed	15
11.	Ramla	1
7.	Katzrin	1
13.	Jerusalem	135
10.	Rehovot	1
5.	Affula	0
2.	Tiberius	19
1.	Nazereth	187

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:xsMW6OuxsvXLjY2bEZQxUg==

Magistrate court judge is Arab

f2532427 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:7ef0aCNVE+d0KFVXcIFJWg==

Magistrate court judge is female

f2532427 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:zgk4ksgcsLyWHVZubcq5/w==

How the defendant was convicted in the lower court

f2532427 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency
2.	Guilty plea	259
3.	Trial	115
1.	Plea bargain	181

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:zz/4j7tNoO8NtNbihCBy7g==

Offences_new

f2532427 Location:

Variable Format: character

Notes: UNF:5:rZMMQWIFes2Ha9quUuajZg==

Public Order

f2532427 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:t2YS8QDAD5Xn2C3z1xwTBw==

Property

f2532427 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:3MoLBz980U1VA7KHmMUXDA==

Bodily Harm

f2532427 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:E/pqujwneQBVfxS3MNVzLA==

Morality

f2532427 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:hHTzzlXeR5AaRKNOzLu/2w==

Licencing (traffic offences)

f2532427 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:YAeQwpfLM7PEDy2ApdBASA==

Fraud

f2532427 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:pb6EmT9EFU3yacndoi9vzA==

Regulatory

f2532427 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:Fakfq4zPf2XsP+VLNBf3Xg==

Fiscal offences

f2532427 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:TWc8tuydUUKd66zTD7tJGQ==

Economic Business and Professional offences

f2532427 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:Tur7YaeRtSoMR/vYnmwSWw==

Security aspect to the offence

f2532427 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:lOxCliOwSK5YBmkG6fSO9w==

Type of security offense

f2532427 Location:

Variable Format: character

Notes: UNF:5:JPB3egkR+cW9q28ltDQglg==

Victim nationality

f2532427 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency
1.	Jewish	222
0.	No victim	245
2.	Arab	43
3.	Palastinian	4

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:3DUVN0a6DPJ+hcDIFNWlEA==

Magistrate activated a previously imposed deferred sentence

f2532427 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency
3.	activated partly consequently	52
4.	activated consequently	42
5.	No deferred sentence	446
2.	activated in parallel only	29
1.	not activated	9

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:D4X8mLvWrKWflW32+dsbvg==

Previously imposed deferred sentence

f2532427 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency	Text
0.	No	446
1.	Yes	132

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:rgd2oVY2eCgZ00YR+7jskg==

Prison term imposed by the Magistrate in months

f2532427 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:TMkf2yn37joNC/7GhRAP0Q==

Community service term imposed by the Magistrate in months

f2532427 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:QHaj9HseF/NUennciuIpxw==

Size of fine imposed by Magistrate in NIS

f2532427 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:aK8uuHMWd15a4g3xJF7BTA==

Size of compensation to the complainant in NIS imposed by nagistrate

f2532427 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:R/nzmnYLKByO/ukqu+HXrg==

Defendant detained at the time of the hearing in the District Court

f2532427 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:z03TqgRFL6qH3TwVL3v3Mg==

District court ask for new probation report

f2532427 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:cvgqOOlV3fu28q6Hwy3ONw==

probation report's recommendation

f2532427 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency
2.	Positive	17
1.	Negative	3
0.	No recommendation	13

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:I6qybewc0QerJ5lfC3+0KQ==

Prosecutorial_request

f2532427 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency
3.	accept the apeal	156
4.	didn't show up	7
1.	Harsher sentence	53
2.	reject the apeal	356

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:iMs/btZ1QvctvqGK8sRa1g==

Who filed the appeal

f2532427 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency
2.	Both	44
1.	Prosecution	100
0.	Defendant	450

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:lwOsxYfeMnnbX35Z1E0BFg==

Any incarceration

f2532427 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:FIECrmP2R8h5R7bar6VCRQ==

Prison term imposed by district court in months

f2532427 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:E6xOKYhn42E464t/tEXP/A==

Community service term imposed by district court in months

f2532427 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:sJiXVnrlwicDstuGjWFQJw==

Size of fine imposed by district court in NIS

f2532427 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:qq+hpLALerST+uaKAuYdhg==

Compensation to the complainant in NIS imposed by district court

f2532427 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:/WMvmeF8ciX5D3De4+fzYw==

Difference in prison term between district and magistrate court

f2532427 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:119czApGMYRbKzbWzHYJzA==

Difference in community service between district and magistrate court

f2532427 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:t3gpU4K6WqcYrWZ+x63wng==

Difference in size of fine between district and magistrate court

f2532427 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:nNWidElNkm8PyZ6Pa7GXtg==

Difference in size of compensation between district and magistrate court

f2532427 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:kagYpM/fG6waZ/amj5sV4g==

District court reduced prison term

f2532427 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:ixNd01G8Y1h/vIvn6NutKg==

District court increased prison term

f2532427 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:OtPvo5QnNrxNR/prkb1wzw==

Verdict

f2532427 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency
0.	No change	281
2.	More lenient	194
1.	Harsher	118

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:ayb0p/B54h6y9oMnHLVuLA==

District court's decision is unanimous

f2532427 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:F5WpYNovDgoU3yKTfyOQCg==

judge2_majority

f2532427 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:HMp/LaYrxsgMc+SYJMTk4g==

judge2_ruling

f2532427 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:mnuL8voES1kT8bV+8WMOvQ==

judge3_majority

f2532427 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:LTPKqTDIeovKG58soQ/NWA==

court==Nazareth

f2532427 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:Z4X1Zg4pVLTfacHSVJ+JWA==

court==TLV

f2532427 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:rhzzPQzrkoRd5ncKkosBFA==

court==Jerusalem

f2532427 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:BLgV+871KLBD4z0qgQ65wA==

Avergae age of panel judges

f2532427 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:5aA4meVPwukJkWdHMAd+TA==

Avergae experience of panel judges

f2532427 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:I0Y9ELVJ1aSW8fbo2ezrrg==

method==Plea bargain

f2532427 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:NMh6mLoekOPuTVikPoVlxw==

method==Guilty plea

f2532427 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:LEJlxIvpX9LYRaF8dxEvnA==

method==Trial

f2532427 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:4Qa7/DmHigL5YuXyARqKEg==

Sexual or physical assult

f2532427 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:rbDrkiC0WT+lrjA06ZrdQg==

Property and Fruad

f2532427 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:aMyMWLxg3X7RBukOKm6N8g==

White collar

f2532427 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:aUIMlHYsvTC9mCHdYg3KtA==

Regulatory

f2532427 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:Fakfq4zPf2XsP+VLNBf3Xg==

Any clear victim

f2532427 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency	Text
1.	Any victim	269
0.	No victim	245

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:ktA3t4pYn1ZDJRQUTh3YYQ==

victim==No victim

f2532427 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:ulRKvG/RwAy6FzbXPIXqsg==

victim==Jewish

f2532427 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:qDO0jWnXTzMp9LHsXS1r7w==

victim==Arab

f2532427 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:6TmvZuNh83C4Bab2CjbQLA==

victim==Palastinian

f2532427 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:W+HDPJUkwoPrT3cOxqkqFQ==

Prosecutorial_request==Harsher sentence

f2532427 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:KYHRr7kLL7pV9t5Auo8m6w==

Prosecutorial_request==reject the apeal

f2532427 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:VgcbyBK2eUoIRDxVi/pIgQ==

Prosecutorial_request==accept the apeal

f2532427 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:BJSrgyzhuIE+pIbfhZx7uQ==

Prosecutorial_request==didn't show up

f2532427 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:zQ4Io+AK0RiJuiDizxeILw==

Appellant==Defendant

f2532427 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:t3E7X2tav3As/uIJxj/y0Q==

Appellant==Prosecution

f2532427 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:9/YEtgJiPwXFXsoEruYeMw==

Appellant==Both

f2532427 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:v0qjuN+NqwtJR9gaXS8T6g==

Other Study-Related Materials

Label:

balance_regressions.r

Text:

Regression analysis to check identifying assumption.

Notes:

text/plain; charset=US-ASCII

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Label:

clean_and_impute.r

Text:

Cleans data and imputes missing values.

Notes:

text/plain; charset=US-ASCII

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Label:

colnames2labels.r

Text:

Helper functions for formatting tables.

Notes:

text/plain; charset=US-ASCII

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Label:

harshness_model.r

Text:

Logistic model for harshness.

Notes:

text/plain; charset=US-ASCII

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Label:

incarceration_model.r

Text:

Logistic model for incarceration.

Notes:

text/plain; charset=US-ASCII

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Label:

leniency_model.r

Text:

Logistic model for leniency.

Notes:

text/plain; charset=US-ASCII

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prison_term_model.r

Text:

OLS model for prison term.

Notes:

text/plain; charset=US-ASCII

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Label:

raw_tables.r

Text:

Makes descriptive tables from raw data.

Notes:

text/plain; charset=US-ASCII

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Label:

README.txt

Text:

Information about analysis and data files for this study.

Notes:

text/plain; charset=US-ASCII