Perceptions of Electoral Integrity, (PEI-3.0) (doi:10.7910/DVN/29114)

View:

Part 1: Document Description
Part 2: Study Description
Part 3: Data Files Description
Part 4: Variable Description
Part 5: Other Study-Related Materials
Entire Codebook

(external link)

Document Description

Citation

Title:

Perceptions of Electoral Integrity, (PEI-3.0)

Identification Number:

doi:10.7910/DVN/29114

Distributor:

Harvard Dataverse

Date of Distribution:

2015-02-15

Version:

Bibliographic Citation:

Norris, Pippa; Martinez i Coma, Ferran; Gromping, Max, 2015, "Perceptions of Electoral Integrity, (PEI-3.0)", https://doi.org/10.7910/DVN/29114, Harvard Dataverse, V3, UNF:5:joAtDMUjes+VL8LC1ZydKg== [fileUNF]

Study Description

Citation

Title:

Perceptions of Electoral Integrity, (PEI-3.0)

Identification Number:

doi:10.7910/DVN/29114

Authoring Entity:

Norris, Pippa (Harvard & Sydney Universities)

Martinez i Coma, Ferran (University of Sydney)

Gromping, Max (University of Sydney)

Producer:

Electoral Integrity Project, Harvard and Sydney Universities

Date of Production:

2015-02-13

Distributor:

Harvard Dataverse

Distributor:

Harvard Dataverse Network

Access Authority:

Ferran Martinez i Coma

Date of Deposit:

2015-02-13

Date of Distribution:

2015-02-13

Holdings Information:

https://doi.org/10.7910/DVN/29114

Study Scope

Keywords:

Social Sciences, elections, electoral integrity

Topic Classification:

political science

Abstract:

This data-set by the Electoral Integrity Project evaluates the quality of elections held around the world. Based on a survey collecting the views of election experts, this research provides independent and reliable evidence to compare whether countries meet international standards of electoral integrity. The third cumulative release covers 127 national parliamentary and presidential contests held worldwide in 107 countries from 1 July 2012 to 31 December 2014. The survey includes assessments from 1,429 election experts, with a mean response rate of 29%. The study collects 49 indicators to compare elections. These indicators are clustered to evaluate eleven stages in the electoral cycle as well as generating an ov erall summary Perception of Electoral Integrity (PEI) 100-point index and comparative ranking. The data is available for analysis at three levels: 1,429 individual experts, 127 elections, and also 107 countries.

Time Period:

2012-07-01-2014-12-31

Geographic Coverage:

global

Geographic Unit(s):

nation-state

Methodology and Processing

Sources Statement

Data Access

Notes:

Other Study Description Materials

Related Publications

Citation

Title:

Pippa Norris, Ferran Martinez i Coma, and Max Gromping. February 2015. The expert survey of Perceptions of Electoral Integrity, Release 3 (PEI-3). Sydney, University of Sydney. www.electoralintegrityproject.com

Bibliographic Citation:

File Description--f2537455

File: PEI country-level data SPSS 13_02_2015(PEI_3).tab

Number of cases: 107
No. of variables per record: 185
Type of File: text/tab-separated-values

Notes:

UNF:5:uXTUMp3YA/0M8CL6zCJnhw==

File Description--f2537504

File: PEI country-level data v12 Stata 13_02_2015(PEI_3).tab

Number of cases: 107
No. of variables per record: 185
Type of File: text/tab-separated-values

Notes:

UNF:5:L6S0EqEPMTr2OlGttcnYdg==

File Description--f2537454

File: PEI expert-level data SPSS 13_02_2015(PEI_3).tab

Number of cases: 1429
No. of variables per record: 169
Type of File: text/tab-separated-values

Notes:

UNF:5:JOoMISR128ysWrEc4CayGQ==

File Description--f2537505

File: PEI expert-level data v12 Stata 13_02_2015 (PEI_3).tab

Number of cases: 1429
No. of variables per record: 169
Type of File: text/tab-separated-values

Notes:

UNF:5:JOoMISR128ysWrEc4CayGQ==

Variable Description

List of Variables:

country - Country name
ccode - COW country code
Refno - Norris reference number
office - Legis.elec=0, 1=Pres, 2=Both
numresponses - (sum) numresponses
contacted - (sum) contacted
responserate - (sum) responserate
surveynum - # times country surveyed
y2012 - Survey year 2012
y2013 - Survey year 2013
y2014 - Survey year 2014
COUNTRYDATA - COUNTRYDATA
PR - Freedom House Political Rights Scale
CL - Freedom House Civil Liberties Scale
fhcategory - Freedom House category (Free,Partially Free, Not Free)
polity - Polity combined score (-10->+10)
polity2 - Polity combined score (-10>+10), mean substitution
durable - # years since last major Polity shift (+/- 3 pts)
development - World Bank income level (Low, lower-middle, upper-middle, high)
gdp_pc_ppp - GDP per capita on purchasing power parity 2011
region - World Bank region (1-9)
oecd - OECD country (0/1)
OVERALLINTEGRITY - (first) OVERALLINTEGRITY
PEIIndexp - PEI index of electoral integrity, individual
PEIIndexp_lci - PEI Index (individual), low ci
PEIIndexp_hci - PEI Index (individual), high ci
PEIIndexi - PEI index of electoral integrity, imputed
PEIIndexi_lci - PEI Index (imputed), low ci
PEIIndexi_hci - PEI Index (imputed), high ci
PEIIndex_rank - Rank of countries according to PEI experts
PEItype - PEI Index type (high, medium, low)
rating - Rate electoral integrity of the election (1=very poor->10=very good
rating_lci - Individuals' rating, low ci
rating_hci - Individuals' rating, high ci
LAWS - ELECTORAL LAWS SECTION
lawsunfair - 1-1a. Electoral laws were unfair to smaller parties (1-5)[N]
lawsunfair2 - 1-1b. Electoral laws were unfair to smaller parties (Reversed coding)
favoredincumbent - 1-2a. Electoral laws favored the governing party or parties (1-5)[N]
favoredincumbent2 - 1-2b. Electoral laws favored the governing party or parties (Reversed coding)
citizens - 1-3a. Elections laws restricted citizens' rights (1-5)[N]
citizens2 - 1-3b. Elections laws restricted citizens' rights (Reversed coding)
laws - 1-4. Electoral laws index (20-100)
lawsi - 1-4i. Electoral laws index (20-100), imputed
PROCEDURES - ELECTORAL PROCEDURES SECTION
managed - 2-1. Elections were well managed (1-5)[P]
votinginfo - 2-2. Information about voting procedures was widely available (1-5)[P]
fairofficials - 2-3. Election officials were fair (1-5)[P]
legalelections - 2-4. Elections were conducted in accordance with the law (1-5)[P]
procedures - 2-5. Electoral procedures index (25-100)
proceduresi - 2-5i. Electoral procedures index (25-100), imputed
BOUNDARIES - BOUNDARIES FOR VOTING DISTRICTS SECTION
bdiscrim - 3-1a. Boundaries discriminated against some parties (1-5)[N]
bdiscrim2 - 3-1b. Boundaries discriminated against some parties (Reversed coding)
bfavored - 3-2a. Boundaries favored incumbents (1-5)[N]
bfavored2 - 3-2b. Boundaries favored incumbents (Reversed coding)
bimpartial - 3-3. Boundaries were impartial (1-5)[P]
boundaries - 3-4. Voting district boundaries index (20-100)
boundariesi - 3-4i. Voting district boundaries index (20-100), imputed
VOTERREGISTRATION - VOTER REGISTRATION SECTION
reglisted - 4-1a. Some citizens were not listed in the register (1-5)[N]
reglisted2 - 4-1b. Some citizens were not listed in the register (Reversed coding)
reginaccurate - 4-2a. The electoral register was inaccurate (1-5)[N]
reginaccurate2 - 4-2b. The electoral register was inaccurate (Reversed coding)
ineligible - 4-3a. Some ineligible electors were registered (1-5)[N]
ineligible2 - 4-3b. Some ineligible electors were registered (Reversed coding)
votereg - 4-4. Voter registration index (20-100)
voteregi - 4-4i. Voter registration index (20-100), imputed
PARTYREGISTRATION - PARTY AND CANDIDATE REGISTRATION SECTION
oppprevent - 5-1a. Some opposition candidates were prevented from running (1-5)[N]
oppprevent2 - 5-1b. Some opposition candidates were prevented from running (Reversed coding)
womenopp - 5-2. Women had equal opportunities to run for office (1-5)[P]
minorityopp - 5-3. Ethnic and national minorities had equal opportunities to run for office (1
leaderselect - 5-4a. Only top party leaders selected candidates (1-5)[N]
leaderselect2 - 5-4b. Only top party leaders selected candidates (Reversed coding)
rallies - 5-5a. Some parties/candidates were restricted from holding campaign rallies (1-5
rallies2 - 5-5b. Some parties/candidates were restricted from holding campaign rallies (Rev
partyreg - 5-6. Party and candidate registration index (20-100)
partyregi - 5-6i. Party and candidate registration index (20-100), imputed
MEDIACOVERAGE - MEDIA COVERAGE SECTION
newspapers - 6-1. Newspapers provided balanced election news (1-5)[P]
tv - 6-2a. TV news favored the governing party (1-5)[N]
tv2 - 6-2b. TV news favored the governing party (Reversed coding)
fairaccess - 6-3. Parties/candidates had fair access to political broadcasts and advertising
faircoverage - 6-4. Journalists provided fair coverage of the elections (1-5)[P]
socialmedia - 6-5. Social media were used to expose electoral fraud (1-5)[P]
media - 6-6. Media coverage index (20-100)
mediai - 6-6i. Media coverage index (20-100), imputed
CAMPAIGNFINANCE - CAMPAIGN FINANCE SECTION
subsidies - 7-1. Parties/candidates had equitable access to public political subsidies(1-5)[
donations - 7-2. Parties/candidates had equitable access to political donations(1-5)[P]
accounts - 7-3. Parties/candidates publish transparent financial accounts(1-5)[P]
rich - 7-4a. Rich people buy elections (1-5)[N]
rich2 - 7-4b. Rich people buy elections (Reversed coding)
resources - 7-5a. Some state resources were improperly used for campaigning (1-5)[N]
resources2 - 7-5b. Some state resources were improperly used for campaigning (Reversed coding
finance - 7-6. Campaign finance index (20-100)
financei - 7-6i. Campaign finance index (20-100), imputed
VOTINGPROCESS - VOTING PROCESS SECTION
violence - 8-1a. Some voters were threatened with violence at the polls(1-5)[N]
violence2 - 8-1b. Some voters were threatened with violence at the polls (Reversed coding)
fraudulent - 8-2a. Some fraudulent votes were cast (1-5)[N]
fraudulent2 - 8-2b. Some fraudulent votes were cast (Reversed coding)
easy - 8-3. The process of voting was easy (1-1)[Y]
choice - 8-4. Voters were offered a genuine choice at the ballot box (1-5)[P]
postal - 8-5. Postal ballots were available (1-5)[P]
disabled - 8-6. Special voting facilities were available for the disabled (1-5)[P]
expats - 8-7. National citizens living abroad could vote (1-5)[P]
internet - 8-8. Some form of internet voting was available (1-5)[P]
voting - 8-9. Voting process index (20-100)
votingi - 8-9i. Voting process index (20-100), imputed
VOTECOUNT - THE VOTE COUNT SECTION
secure - 9-1. Ballot boxes were secure (1-5)[P]
delay - 9-2. The results were announced without undue delay (1-5)[P]
faircount - 9-3. Votes were counted fairly (1-5)[P]
intlmonitors - 9-4a. Int'l election monitors were restricted (1-5)[N]
intlmonitors2 - 9-4b. Int'l election monitors were restricted (Reversed coding)
domesticmonitors - 9-5a. Domestic election monitors were restricted (1-5)[N]
domesticmonitors2 - 9-5b. Domestic election monitors were restricted (Reversed coding)
count - 9-6. Vote count index (20-100)
counti - 9-6i. Vote count index (20-100), imputed
VOTINGRESULTS - VOTING RESULTS SECTION
challenged - 10-1a. Parties/candidates challenged the results (1-5)[N]
challenged2 - 10-1b. Parties/candidates challenged the results (Reversed coding)
protestspeace - 10-2a. The election led to peaceful protests (1-5)[N]
protestspeace2 - 10-2b. The election led to peaceful protests (Reversed coding)
protestsviolent - 10-3a. The election triggered violent protests (1-5)[N]
protestsviolent2 - 10-3b. The election triggered violent protests (Reversed coding)
disputes - 10-4. Any disputes were resolved through legal channels (1-5)[P]
results - 10-5. Results index (25-100)
resultsi - 10-5i. Results index (25-100), imputed
ELECTIONAUTHORITIES - ELECTORAL AUTHORITIES SECTION
impartial - 11-1. The election authorities were impartial (1-5)[P]
info - 11-2. The authorities distributed information to citizens (1-5)[P]
scrutiny - 11-3. The authorities allowed public scrutiny of their performance (1-5)[P]
performance - 11-4. The election authorities performed well (1-5)[P]
EMBs - 11-5. Electoral authorities index (25-100)
EMBsi - 11-5i. Electoral authorities index (25-100), imputed
GENERALQUESTIONS - GENERAL ELECTION QUESTIONS
familiarity - 13-1. How familiar are you with elections in this country?
important - 13-2. Which election (if more than 1) was most important
ORGCONFIDENCE - ORGANIZATIONAL CONFIDENCE SECTION
courts - 14-1. Confidence in the courts (1=none - 10=a great deal)
government - 14-2. Confidence in the government (1=none - 10=a great deal)
parliament - 14-3. Confidence in the parliament (1=none - 10=a great deal)
armedforces - 14-4. Confidence in the armed forces (1=none - 10=a great deal)
police - 14-5. Confidence in the police (1=none - 10=a great deal)
electoralauth - 14-6. Confidence in the elect.authorities (1=none - 10=a great deal)
television - 14-7. Confidence in television (1=none - 10=a great deal)
press - 14-8. Confidence in the press (1=none - 10=a great deal)
parties - 14-9. Confidence in political parties (1=none - 10=a great deal)
BACKGROUND - EXPERT BACKGROUND SECTION
expertdomestic - International or domestic expert
employment - 15-1. Employment type
public - 15-2. Works (or has worked) in the government public sector
university - 15-3. Works (or has worked) in a university
nonprofit - 15-4. Works (or has worked) in private non-profit sector/NGOs
agency - 15-5. Works (or has worked) in an international agency
private - 15-6. Works (or has worked) in an private business or industry
occupation - 15-7. Most recent occupation
agegroup - 15-8. Expert's age group (by decade)
sex - 15-9. Sex (1=female; 0=male)
education - 15-10. Highest level of education
born - 15-11. Were you born in this country?
lived - 15-12. # years lived in this country
candidate - 15-13. Expert was a candidate for elected office
rep - 15-14. Expert was an elected representative
activist - 15-15. Expert was an election activist
ngo - 15-16. Expert was election NGO watch personnel
voted - 15-17. Expert voted in this election
norole - 15-18. Expert did not participate in any role in this election
monitor - 15-19. Expert was a national official electoral monitor
official - 15-20. Expert was an election official
citizen - 15-21. Expert is a citizen of this country
supported - 15-22. Support the winning or losing side
leftrightscale - 15-23. Political views on 10pt left/right scale
VIGNETTES - VIGNETTES SECTION
vignetteA - 16-1. Vignette A (Queues)
vignetteB - 16-2. Vignette B (Boycotts)
vignetteC - 16-3. Vignette C (Violence)
ELECTIONRESULT - ELECTIONRESULT
DatePrevious - Date of previous election
RegVote - Registered Voters (mean value if more than one election in year)
ValidVote - Valid Votes(mean value if more than one election in year)
Invalid - Invalid/Blank Votes(mean value if more than one election in year)
Turnout - Turnout (mean value if more than one election in year)
country - Country name
ccode - COW country code
Refno - Norris reference number
office - Legis.elec=0, 1=Pres, 2=Both
numresponses - (sum) numresponses
contacted - (sum) contacted
responserate - (sum) responserate
surveynum - # times country surveyed
y2012 - Survey year 2012
y2013 - Survey year 2013
y2014 - Survey year 2014
COUNTRYDATA - COUNTRYDATA
PR - Freedom House Political Rights Scale
CL - Freedom House Civil Liberties Scale
fhcategory - Freedom House category (Free,Partially Free, Not Free)
polity - Polity combined score (-10->+10)
polity2 - Polity combined score (-10>+10), mean substitution
durable - # years since last major Polity shift (+/- 3 pts)
development - World Bank income level (Low, lower-middle, upper-middle, high)
gdp_pc_ppp - GDP per capita on purchasing power parity 2011
region - World Bank region (1-9)
oecd - OECD country (0/1)
OVERALLINTEGRITY - (first) OVERALLINTEGRITY
PEIIndexp - PEI index of electoral integrity, individual
PEIIndexp_lci - PEI Index (individual), low ci
PEIIndexp_hci - PEI Index (individual), high ci
PEIIndexi - PEI index of electoral integrity, imputed
PEIIndexi_lci - PEI Index (imputed), low ci
PEIIndexi_hci - PEI Index (imputed), high ci
PEIIndex_rank - Rank of countries according to PEI experts
PEItype - PEI Index type (high, medium, low)
rating - Rate electoral integrity of the election (1=very poor->10=very good
rating_lci - Individuals' rating, low ci
rating_hci - Individuals' rating, high ci
LAWS - ELECTORAL LAWS SECTION
lawsunfair - 1-1a. Electoral laws were unfair to smaller parties (1-5)[N]
lawsunfair2 - 1-1b. Electoral laws were unfair to smaller parties (Reversed coding)
favoredincumbent - 1-2a. Electoral laws favored the governing party or parties (1-5)[N]
favoredincumbent2 - 1-2b. Electoral laws favored the governing party or parties (Reversed coding)
citizens - 1-3a. Elections laws restricted citizens' rights (1-5)[N]
citizens2 - 1-3b. Elections laws restricted citizens' rights (Reversed coding)
laws - 1-4. Electoral laws index (20-100)
lawsi - 1-4i. Electoral laws index (20-100), imputed
PROCEDURES - ELECTORAL PROCEDURES SECTION
managed - 2-1. Elections were well managed (1-5)[P]
votinginfo - 2-2. Information about voting procedures was widely available (1-5)[P]
fairofficials - 2-3. Election officials were fair (1-5)[P]
legalelections - 2-4. Elections were conducted in accordance with the law (1-5)[P]
procedures - 2-5. Electoral procedures index (25-100)
proceduresi - 2-5i. Electoral procedures index (25-100), imputed
BOUNDARIES - BOUNDARIES FOR VOTING DISTRICTS SECTION
bdiscrim - 3-1a. Boundaries discriminated against some parties (1-5)[N]
bdiscrim2 - 3-1b. Boundaries discriminated against some parties (Reversed coding)
bfavored - 3-2a. Boundaries favored incumbents (1-5)[N]
bfavored2 - 3-2b. Boundaries favored incumbents (Reversed coding)
bimpartial - 3-3. Boundaries were impartial (1-5)[P]
boundaries - 3-4. Voting district boundaries index (20-100)
boundariesi - 3-4i. Voting district boundaries index (20-100), imputed
VOTERREGISTRATION - VOTER REGISTRATION SECTION
reglisted - 4-1a. Some citizens were not listed in the register (1-5)[N]
reglisted2 - 4-1b. Some citizens were not listed in the register (Reversed coding)
reginaccurate - 4-2a. The electoral register was inaccurate (1-5)[N]
reginaccurate2 - 4-2b. The electoral register was inaccurate (Reversed coding)
ineligible - 4-3a. Some ineligible electors were registered (1-5)[N]
ineligible2 - 4-3b. Some ineligible electors were registered (Reversed coding)
votereg - 4-4. Voter registration index (20-100)
voteregi - 4-4i. Voter registration index (20-100), imputed
PARTYREGISTRATION - PARTY AND CANDIDATE REGISTRATION SECTION
oppprevent - 5-1a. Some opposition candidates were prevented from running (1-5)[N]
oppprevent2 - 5-1b. Some opposition candidates were prevented from running (Reversed coding)
womenopp - 5-2. Women had equal opportunities to run for office (1-5)[P]
minorityopp - 5-3. Ethnic and national minorities had equal opportunities to run for office (1
leaderselect - 5-4a. Only top party leaders selected candidates (1-5)[N]
leaderselect2 - 5-4b. Only top party leaders selected candidates (Reversed coding)
rallies - 5-5a. Some parties/candidates were restricted from holding campaign rallies (1-5
rallies2 - 5-5b. Some parties/candidates were restricted from holding campaign rallies (Rev
partyreg - 5-6. Party and candidate registration index (20-100)
partyregi - 5-6i. Party and candidate registration index (20-100), imputed
MEDIACOVERAGE - MEDIA COVERAGE SECTION
newspapers - 6-1. Newspapers provided balanced election news (1-5)[P]
tv - 6-2a. TV news favored the governing party (1-5)[N]
tv2 - 6-2b. TV news favored the governing party (Reversed coding)
fairaccess - 6-3. Parties/candidates had fair access to political broadcasts and advertising
faircoverage - 6-4. Journalists provided fair coverage of the elections (1-5)[P]
socialmedia - 6-5. Social media were used to expose electoral fraud (1-5)[P]
media - 6-6. Media coverage index (20-100)
mediai - 6-6i. Media coverage index (20-100), imputed
CAMPAIGNFINANCE - CAMPAIGN FINANCE SECTION
subsidies - 7-1. Parties/candidates had equitable access to public political subsidies(1-5)[
donations - 7-2. Parties/candidates had equitable access to political donations(1-5)[P]
accounts - 7-3. Parties/candidates publish transparent financial accounts(1-5)[P]
rich - 7-4a. Rich people buy elections (1-5)[N]
rich2 - 7-4b. Rich people buy elections (Reversed coding)
resources - 7-5a. Some state resources were improperly used for campaigning (1-5)[N]
resources2 - 7-5b. Some state resources were improperly used for campaigning (Reversed coding
finance - 7-6. Campaign finance index (20-100)
financei - 7-6i. Campaign finance index (20-100), imputed
VOTINGPROCESS - VOTING PROCESS SECTION
violence - 8-1a. Some voters were threatened with violence at the polls(1-5)[N]
violence2 - 8-1b. Some voters were threatened with violence at the polls (Reversed coding)
fraudulent - 8-2a. Some fraudulent votes were cast (1-5)[N]
fraudulent2 - 8-2b. Some fraudulent votes were cast (Reversed coding)
easy - 8-3. The process of voting was easy (1-1)[Y]
choice - 8-4. Voters were offered a genuine choice at the ballot box (1-5)[P]
postal - 8-5. Postal ballots were available (1-5)[P]
disabled - 8-6. Special voting facilities were available for the disabled (1-5)[P]
expats - 8-7. National citizens living abroad could vote (1-5)[P]
internet - 8-8. Some form of internet voting was available (1-5)[P]
voting - 8-9. Voting process index (20-100)
votingi - 8-9i. Voting process index (20-100), imputed
VOTECOUNT - THE VOTE COUNT SECTION
secure - 9-1. Ballot boxes were secure (1-5)[P]
delay - 9-2. The results were announced without undue delay (1-5)[P]
faircount - 9-3. Votes were counted fairly (1-5)[P]
intlmonitors - 9-4a. Int'l election monitors were restricted (1-5)[N]
intlmonitors2 - 9-4b. Int'l election monitors were restricted (Reversed coding)
domesticmonitors - 9-5a. Domestic election monitors were restricted (1-5)[N]
domesticmonitors2 - 9-5b. Domestic election monitors were restricted (Reversed coding)
count - 9-6. Vote count index (20-100)
counti - 9-6i. Vote count index (20-100), imputed
VOTINGRESULTS - VOTING RESULTS SECTION
challenged - 10-1a. Parties/candidates challenged the results (1-5)[N]
challenged2 - 10-1b. Parties/candidates challenged the results (Reversed coding)
protestspeace - 10-2a. The election led to peaceful protests (1-5)[N]
protestspeace2 - 10-2b. The election led to peaceful protests (Reversed coding)
protestsviolent - 10-3a. The election triggered violent protests (1-5)[N]
protestsviolent2 - 10-3b. The election triggered violent protests (Reversed coding)
disputes - 10-4. Any disputes were resolved through legal channels (1-5)[P]
results - 10-5. Results index (25-100)
resultsi - 10-5i. Results index (25-100), imputed
ELECTIONAUTHORITIES - ELECTORAL AUTHORITIES SECTION
impartial - 11-1. The election authorities were impartial (1-5)[P]
info - 11-2. The authorities distributed information to citizens (1-5)[P]
scrutiny - 11-3. The authorities allowed public scrutiny of their performance (1-5)[P]
performance - 11-4. The election authorities performed well (1-5)[P]
EMBs - 11-5. Electoral authorities index (25-100)
EMBsi - 11-5i. Electoral authorities index (25-100), imputed
GENERALQUESTIONS - GENERAL ELECTION QUESTIONS
familiarity - 13-1. How familiar are you with elections in this country?
important - 13-2. Which election (if more than 1) was most important
ORGCONFIDENCE - ORGANIZATIONAL CONFIDENCE SECTION
courts - 14-1. Confidence in the courts (1=none - 10=a great deal)
government - 14-2. Confidence in the government (1=none - 10=a great deal)
parliament - 14-3. Confidence in the parliament (1=none - 10=a great deal)
armedforces - 14-4. Confidence in the armed forces (1=none - 10=a great deal)
police - 14-5. Confidence in the police (1=none - 10=a great deal)
electoralauth - 14-6. Confidence in the elect.authorities (1=none - 10=a great deal)
television - 14-7. Confidence in television (1=none - 10=a great deal)
press - 14-8. Confidence in the press (1=none - 10=a great deal)
parties - 14-9. Confidence in political parties (1=none - 10=a great deal)
BACKGROUND - EXPERT BACKGROUND SECTION
expertdomestic - International or domestic expert
employment - 15-1. Employment type
public - 15-2. Works (or has worked) in the government public sector
university - 15-3. Works (or has worked) in a university
nonprofit - 15-4. Works (or has worked) in private non-profit sector/NGOs
agency - 15-5. Works (or has worked) in an international agency
private - 15-6. Works (or has worked) in an private business or industry
occupation - 15-7. Most recent occupation
agegroup - 15-8. Expert's age group (by decade)
sex - 15-9. Sex (1=female; 0=male)
education - 15-10. Highest level of education
born - 15-11. Were you born in this country?
lived - 15-12. # years lived in this country
candidate - 15-13. Expert was a candidate for elected office
rep - 15-14. Expert was an elected representative
activist - 15-15. Expert was an election activist
ngo - 15-16. Expert was election NGO watch personnel
voted - 15-17. Expert voted in this election
norole - 15-18. Expert did not participate in any role in this election
monitor - 15-19. Expert was a national official electoral monitor
official - 15-20. Expert was an election official
citizen - 15-21. Expert is a citizen of this country
supported - 15-22. Support the winning or losing side
leftrightscale - 15-23. Political views on 10pt left/right scale
VIGNETTES - VIGNETTES SECTION
vignetteA - 16-1. Vignette A (Queues)
vignetteB - 16-2. Vignette B (Boycotts)
vignetteC - 16-3. Vignette C (Violence)
ELECTIONRESULT - ELECTIONRESULT
DatePrevious - Date of previous election
RegVote - Registered Voters (mean value if more than one election in year)
ValidVote - Valid Votes(mean value if more than one election in year)
Invalid - Invalid/Blank Votes(mean value if more than one election in year)
Turnout - Turnout (mean value if more than one election in year)
expert - Expert Reference number
election - Election country and date
country - Country name
ccode - COW country code
Refno - Norris country identifier
year - Year
date - Date of the election
office - Elected office: Pres.=1, 0 otherwise
COUNTRYDATA - COUNTRY DATA
PR - Freedom House Political Rights Scale, 1yr. lag
CL - Freedom House Civil Liberties Scale, 1yr. lag
fhcategory - Freedom House Score (Free,Partially Free, Not Free), 1yr. lag
polity - Polity combined score (-10->+10), 1 year lag
polity2 - Polity combined score with mean subst for missing codes, 1 year lag
durable - # years since the last regime transition (3pt or greater), 1 year lag
development - World Bank income level (Low, lower-middle, upper-middle, high)
gdp_pc_ppp - GDP per capita on purchasing power parity 2011
region9 - Geographic region (World Bank classification, 1-9)
oecd - OECD country (0/1)
OVERALLINTEGRITY - OVERALL INTEGRITY RATING
rating - Rate electoral integrity of the election (1=very poor->10=very good
PEIIndexp - PEI index of electoral integrity, individual
PEIIndexi - PEI index of electoral integrity, imputed
LAWS - ELECTORAL LAWS SECTION
lawsunfair - 1-1a. Electoral laws were unfair to smaller parties (1-5)[N]
lawsunfair2 - 1-1b. Electoral laws were unfair to smaller parties (Reversed coding)
favoredincumbent - 1-2a. Electoral laws favored the governing party or parties (1-5)[N]
favoredincumbent2 - 1-2b. Electoral laws favored the governing party or parties (Reversed coding)
citizens - 1-3a. Elections laws restricted citizens' rights (1-5)[N]
citizens2 - 1-3b. Elections laws restricted citizens' rights (Reversed coding)
laws - 1-4. Electoral laws index (20-100)
lawsi - 1-4i. Electoral laws index (20-100), imputed
PROCEDURES - ELECTORAL PROCEDURES SECTION
managed - 2-1. Elections were well managed (1-5)[P]
votinginfo - 2-2. Information about voting procedures was widely available (1-5)[P]
fairofficials - 2-3. Election officials were fair (1-5)[P]
legalelections - 2-4. Elections were conducted in accordance with the law (1-5)[P]
procedures - 2-5. Electoral procedures index (25-100)
proceduresi - 2-5i. Electoral procedures index (25-100), imputed
BOUNDARIES - BOUNDARIES FOR VOTING DISTRICTS SECTION
bdiscrim - 3-1a. Boundaries discriminated against some parties (1-5)[N]
bdiscrim2 - 3-1b. Boundaries discriminated against some parties (Reversed coding)
bfavored - 3-2a. Boundaries favored incumbents (1-5)[N]
bfavored2 - 3-2b. Boundaries favored incumbents (Reversed coding)
bimpartial - 3-3. Boundaries were impartial (1-5)[P]
boundaries - 3-4. Voting district boundaries index (20-100)
boundariesi - 3-4i. Voting district boundaries index (20-100), imputed
VOTERREGISTRATION - VOTER REGISTRATION SECTION
reglisted - 4-1a. Some citizens were not listed in the register (1-5)[N]
reglisted2 - 4-1b. Some citizens were not listed in the register (Reversed coding)
reginaccurate - 4-2a. The electoral register was inaccurate (1-5)[N]
reginaccurate2 - 4-2b. The electoral register was inaccurate (Reversed coding)
ineligible - 4-3a. Some ineligible electors were registered (1-5)[N]
ineligible2 - 4-3b. Some ineligible electors were registered (Reversed coding)
votereg - 4-4. Voter registration index (20-100)
voteregi - 4-4i. Voter registration index (20-100), imputed
PARTYREGISTRATION - PARTY AND CANDIDATE REGISTRATION SECTION
oppprevent - 5-1a. Some opposition candidates were prevented from running (1-5)[N]
oppprevent2 - 5-1b. Some opposition candidates were prevented from running (Reversed coding)
womenopp - 5-2. Women had equal opportunities to run for office (1-5)[P]
minorityopp - 5-3. Ethnic and national minorities had equal opportunities to run for office (1
leaderselect - 5-4a. Only top party leaders selected candidates (1-5)[N]
leaderselect2 - 5-4b. Only top party leaders selected candidates (Reversed coding)
rallies - 5-5a. Some parties/candidates were restricted from holding campaign rallies (1-5
rallies2 - 5-5b. Some parties/candidates were restricted from holding campaign rallies (Rev
partyreg - 5-6. Party and candidate registration index (20-100)
partyregi - 5-6i. Party and candidate registration index (20-100), imputed
MEDIACOVERAGE - MEDIA COVERAGE SECTION
newspapers - 6-1. Newspapers provided balanced election news (1-5)[P]
tv - 6-2a. TV news favored the governing party (1-5)[N]
tv2 - 6-2b. TV news favored the governing party (Reversed coding)
fairaccess - 6-3. Parties/candidates had fair access to political broadcasts and advertising
faircoverage - 6-4. Journalists provided fair coverage of the elections (1-5)[P]
socialmedia - 6-5. Social media were used to expose electoral fraud (1-5)[P]
media - 6-6. Media coverage index (20-100)
mediai - 6-6i. Media coverage index (20-100), imputed
CAMPAIGNFINANCE - CAMPAIGN FINANCE SECTION
subsidies - 7-1. Parties/candidates had equitable access to public political subsidies(1-5)[
donations - 7-2. Parties/candidates had equitable access to political donations(1-5)[P]
accounts - 7-3. Parties/candidates publish transparent financial accounts(1-5)[P]
rich - 7-4a. Rich people buy elections (1-5)[N]
rich2 - 7-4b. Rich people buy elections (Reversed coding)
resources - 7-5a. Some state resources were improperly used for campaigning (1-5)[N]
resources2 - 7-5b. Some state resources were improperly used for campaigning (Reversed coding
finance - 7-6. Campaign finance index (20-100)
financei - 7-6i. Campaign finance index (20-100), imputed
VOTINGPROCESS - VOTING PROCESS SECTION
violence - 8-1a. Some voters were threatened with violence at the polls(1-5)[N]
violence2 - 8-1b. Some voters were threatened with violence at the polls (Reversed coding)
fraudulent - 8-2a. Some fraudulent votes were cast (1-5)[N]
fraudulent2 - 8-2b. Some fraudulent votes were cast (Reversed coding)
easy - 8-3. The process of voting was easy (1-1)[Y]
choice - 8-4. Voters were offered a genuine choice at the ballot box (1-5)[P]
postal - 8-5. Postal ballots were available (1-5)[P]
disabled - 8-6. Special voting facilities were available for the disabled (1-5)[P]
expats - 8-7. National citizens living abroad could vote (1-5)[P]
internet - 8-8. Some form of internet voting was available (1-5)[P]
voting - 8-9. Voting process index (20-100)
votingi - 8-9i. Voting process index (20-100), imputed
VOTECOUNT - THE VOTE COUNT SECTION
secure - 9-1. Ballot boxes were secure (1-5)[P]
delay - 9-2. The results were announced without undue delay (1-5)[P]
faircount - 9-3. Votes were counted fairly (1-5)[P]
intlmonitors - 9-4a. Int'l election monitors were restricted (1-5)[N]
intlmonitors2 - 9-4b. Int'l election monitors were restricted (Reversed coding)
domesticmonitors - 9-5a. Domestic election monitors were restricted (1-5)[N]
domesticmonitors2 - 9-5b. Domestic election monitors were restricted (Reversed coding)
count - 9-6. Vote count index (20-100)
counti - 9-6i. Vote count index (20-100), imputed
VOTINGRESULTS - VOTING RESULTS SECTION
challenged - 10-1a. Parties/candidates challenged the results (1-5)[N]
challenged2 - 10-1b. Parties/candidates challenged the results (Reversed coding)
protestspeace - 10-2a. The election led to peaceful protests (1-5)[N]
protestspeace2 - 10-2b. The election led to peaceful protests (Reversed coding)
protestsviolent - 10-3a. The election triggered violent protests (1-5)[N]
protestsviolent2 - 10-3b. The election triggered violent protests (Reversed coding)
disputes - 10-4. Any disputes were resolved through legal channels (1-5)[P]
results - 10-5. Results index (25-100)
resultsi - 10-5i. Results index (25-100), imputed
ELECTIONAUTHORITIES - ELECTORAL AUTHORITIES SECTION
impartial - 11-1. The election authorities were impartial (1-5)[P]
info - 11-2. The authorities distributed information to citizens (1-5)[P]
scrutiny - 11-3. The authorities allowed public scrutiny of their performance (1-5)[P]
performance - 11-4. The election authorities performed well (1-5)[P]
EMBs - 11-5. Electoral authorities index (25-100)
EMBsi - 11-5i. Electoral authorities index (25-100), imputed
GENERALQUESTIONS - GENERAL ELECTION QUESTIONS
familiarity - 13-1. How familiar are you with elections in this country?
important - 13-2. Which election (if more than 1) was most important
ORGCONFIDENCE - ORGANIZATIONAL CONFIDENCE SECTION
courts - 14-1. Confidence in the courts (1=none - 10=a great deal)
government - 14-2. Confidence in the government (1=none - 10=a great deal)
parliament - 14-3. Confidence in the parliament (1=none - 10=a great deal)
armedforces - 14-4. Confidence in the armed forces (1=none - 10=a great deal)
police - 14-5. Confidence in the police (1=none - 10=a great deal)
electoralauth - 14-6. Confidence in the elect.authorities (1=none - 10=a great deal)
television - 14-7. Confidence in television (1=none - 10=a great deal)
press - 14-8. Confidence in the press (1=none - 10=a great deal)
parties - 14-9. Confidence in political parties (1=none - 10=a great deal)
BACKGROUND - EXPERT BACKGROUND SECTION
expertdomestic - 15-0. International or domestic expert
employment - 15-1. Employment type
public - 15-2. Works (or has worked) in the government public sector
university - 15-3. Works (or has worked) in a university
nonprofit - 15-4. Works (or has worked) in private non-profit sector/NGOs
agency - 15-5. Works (or has worked) in an international agency
private - 15-6. Works (or has worked) in an private business or industry
occupation - 15-7. Most recent occupation
agegroup - 15-8. Expert's age group (by decade)
sex - 15-9. Sex (1=female; 0=male)
education - 15-10. Highest level of education
born - 15-11. Were you born in this country?
lived - 15-12. # years lived in this country
candidate - 15-13. Expert was a candidate for elected office
rep - 15-14. Expert was an elected representative
activist - 15-15. Expert was an election activist
ngo - 15-16. Expert was election NGO watch personnel
voted - 15-17. Expert voted in this election
norole - 15-18. Expert did not participate in any role in this election
monitor - 15-19. Expert was a national official electoral monitor
official - 15-20. Expert was an election official
citizen - 15-21. Expert is a citizen of this country
supported - 15-22. Support the winning or losing side
leftrightscale - 15-23. Political views on 10pt left/right scale
VIGNETTES - VIGNETTES SECTION
vignetteA - 16-1. Vignette A (Queues)
vignetteB - 16-2. Vignette B (Boycotts)
vignetteC - 16-3. Vignette C (Violence)
cyr - Country-Year
expert - Expert Reference number
election - Election country and date
country - Country name
ccode - COW country code
Refno - Norris country identifier
year - Year
date - Date of the election
office - Elected office: Pres.=1, 0 otherwise
COUNTRYDATA - COUNTRY DATA
PR - Freedom House Political Rights Scale, 1yr. lag
CL - Freedom House Civil Liberties Scale, 1yr. lag
fhcategory - Freedom House Score (Free,Partially Free, Not Free), 1yr. lag
polity - Polity combined score (-10->+10), 1 year lag
polity2 - Polity combined score with mean subst for missing codes, 1 year lag
durable - # years since the last regime transition (3pt or greater), 1 year lag
development - World Bank income level (Low, lower-middle, upper-middle, high)
gdp_pc_ppp - GDP per capita on purchasing power parity 2011
region9 - Geographic region (World Bank classification, 1-9)
oecd - OECD country (0/1)
OVERALLINTEGRITY - OVERALL INTEGRITY RATING
rating - Rate electoral integrity of the election (1=very poor->10=very good
PEIIndexp - PEI index of electoral integrity, individual
PEIIndexi - PEI index of electoral integrity, imputed
LAWS - ELECTORAL LAWS SECTION
lawsunfair - 1-1a. Electoral laws were unfair to smaller parties (1-5)[N]
lawsunfair2 - 1-1b. Electoral laws were unfair to smaller parties (Reversed coding)
favoredincumbent - 1-2a. Electoral laws favored the governing party or parties (1-5)[N]
favoredincumbent2 - 1-2b. Electoral laws favored the governing party or parties (Reversed coding)
citizens - 1-3a. Elections laws restricted citizens' rights (1-5)[N]
citizens2 - 1-3b. Elections laws restricted citizens' rights (Reversed coding)
laws - 1-4. Electoral laws index (20-100)
lawsi - 1-4i. Electoral laws index (20-100), imputed
PROCEDURES - ELECTORAL PROCEDURES SECTION
managed - 2-1. Elections were well managed (1-5)[P]
votinginfo - 2-2. Information about voting procedures was widely available (1-5)[P]
fairofficials - 2-3. Election officials were fair (1-5)[P]
legalelections - 2-4. Elections were conducted in accordance with the law (1-5)[P]
procedures - 2-5. Electoral procedures index (25-100)
proceduresi - 2-5i. Electoral procedures index (25-100), imputed
BOUNDARIES - BOUNDARIES FOR VOTING DISTRICTS SECTION
bdiscrim - 3-1a. Boundaries discriminated against some parties (1-5)[N]
bdiscrim2 - 3-1b. Boundaries discriminated against some parties (Reversed coding)
bfavored - 3-2a. Boundaries favored incumbents (1-5)[N]
bfavored2 - 3-2b. Boundaries favored incumbents (Reversed coding)
bimpartial - 3-3. Boundaries were impartial (1-5)[P]
boundaries - 3-4. Voting district boundaries index (20-100)
boundariesi - 3-4i. Voting district boundaries index (20-100), imputed
VOTERREGISTRATION - VOTER REGISTRATION SECTION
reglisted - 4-1a. Some citizens were not listed in the register (1-5)[N]
reglisted2 - 4-1b. Some citizens were not listed in the register (Reversed coding)
reginaccurate - 4-2a. The electoral register was inaccurate (1-5)[N]
reginaccurate2 - 4-2b. The electoral register was inaccurate (Reversed coding)
ineligible - 4-3a. Some ineligible electors were registered (1-5)[N]
ineligible2 - 4-3b. Some ineligible electors were registered (Reversed coding)
votereg - 4-4. Voter registration index (20-100)
voteregi - 4-4i. Voter registration index (20-100), imputed
PARTYREGISTRATION - PARTY AND CANDIDATE REGISTRATION SECTION
oppprevent - 5-1a. Some opposition candidates were prevented from running (1-5)[N]
oppprevent2 - 5-1b. Some opposition candidates were prevented from running (Reversed coding)
womenopp - 5-2. Women had equal opportunities to run for office (1-5)[P]
minorityopp - 5-3. Ethnic and national minorities had equal opportunities to run for office (1
leaderselect - 5-4a. Only top party leaders selected candidates (1-5)[N]
leaderselect2 - 5-4b. Only top party leaders selected candidates (Reversed coding)
rallies - 5-5a. Some parties/candidates were restricted from holding campaign rallies (1-5
rallies2 - 5-5b. Some parties/candidates were restricted from holding campaign rallies (Rev
partyreg - 5-6. Party and candidate registration index (20-100)
partyregi - 5-6i. Party and candidate registration index (20-100), imputed
MEDIACOVERAGE - MEDIA COVERAGE SECTION
newspapers - 6-1. Newspapers provided balanced election news (1-5)[P]
tv - 6-2a. TV news favored the governing party (1-5)[N]
tv2 - 6-2b. TV news favored the governing party (Reversed coding)
fairaccess - 6-3. Parties/candidates had fair access to political broadcasts and advertising
faircoverage - 6-4. Journalists provided fair coverage of the elections (1-5)[P]
socialmedia - 6-5. Social media were used to expose electoral fraud (1-5)[P]
media - 6-6. Media coverage index (20-100)
mediai - 6-6i. Media coverage index (20-100), imputed
CAMPAIGNFINANCE - CAMPAIGN FINANCE SECTION
subsidies - 7-1. Parties/candidates had equitable access to public political subsidies(1-5)[
donations - 7-2. Parties/candidates had equitable access to political donations(1-5)[P]
accounts - 7-3. Parties/candidates publish transparent financial accounts(1-5)[P]
rich - 7-4a. Rich people buy elections (1-5)[N]
rich2 - 7-4b. Rich people buy elections (Reversed coding)
resources - 7-5a. Some state resources were improperly used for campaigning (1-5)[N]
resources2 - 7-5b. Some state resources were improperly used for campaigning (Reversed coding
finance - 7-6. Campaign finance index (20-100)
financei - 7-6i. Campaign finance index (20-100), imputed
VOTINGPROCESS - VOTING PROCESS SECTION
violence - 8-1a. Some voters were threatened with violence at the polls(1-5)[N]
violence2 - 8-1b. Some voters were threatened with violence at the polls (Reversed coding)
fraudulent - 8-2a. Some fraudulent votes were cast (1-5)[N]
fraudulent2 - 8-2b. Some fraudulent votes were cast (Reversed coding)
easy - 8-3. The process of voting was easy (1-1)[Y]
choice - 8-4. Voters were offered a genuine choice at the ballot box (1-5)[P]
postal - 8-5. Postal ballots were available (1-5)[P]
disabled - 8-6. Special voting facilities were available for the disabled (1-5)[P]
expats - 8-7. National citizens living abroad could vote (1-5)[P]
internet - 8-8. Some form of internet voting was available (1-5)[P]
voting - 8-9. Voting process index (20-100)
votingi - 8-9i. Voting process index (20-100), imputed
VOTECOUNT - THE VOTE COUNT SECTION
secure - 9-1. Ballot boxes were secure (1-5)[P]
delay - 9-2. The results were announced without undue delay (1-5)[P]
faircount - 9-3. Votes were counted fairly (1-5)[P]
intlmonitors - 9-4a. Int'l election monitors were restricted (1-5)[N]
intlmonitors2 - 9-4b. Int'l election monitors were restricted (Reversed coding)
domesticmonitors - 9-5a. Domestic election monitors were restricted (1-5)[N]
domesticmonitors2 - 9-5b. Domestic election monitors were restricted (Reversed coding)
count - 9-6. Vote count index (20-100)
counti - 9-6i. Vote count index (20-100), imputed
VOTINGRESULTS - VOTING RESULTS SECTION
challenged - 10-1a. Parties/candidates challenged the results (1-5)[N]
challenged2 - 10-1b. Parties/candidates challenged the results (Reversed coding)
protestspeace - 10-2a. The election led to peaceful protests (1-5)[N]
protestspeace2 - 10-2b. The election led to peaceful protests (Reversed coding)
protestsviolent - 10-3a. The election triggered violent protests (1-5)[N]
protestsviolent2 - 10-3b. The election triggered violent protests (Reversed coding)
disputes - 10-4. Any disputes were resolved through legal channels (1-5)[P]
results - 10-5. Results index (25-100)
resultsi - 10-5i. Results index (25-100), imputed
ELECTIONAUTHORITIES - ELECTORAL AUTHORITIES SECTION
impartial - 11-1. The election authorities were impartial (1-5)[P]
info - 11-2. The authorities distributed information to citizens (1-5)[P]
scrutiny - 11-3. The authorities allowed public scrutiny of their performance (1-5)[P]
performance - 11-4. The election authorities performed well (1-5)[P]
EMBs - 11-5. Electoral authorities index (25-100)
EMBsi - 11-5i. Electoral authorities index (25-100), imputed
GENERALQUESTIONS - GENERAL ELECTION QUESTIONS
familiarity - 13-1. How familiar are you with elections in this country?
important - 13-2. Which election (if more than 1) was most important
ORGCONFIDENCE - ORGANIZATIONAL CONFIDENCE SECTION
courts - 14-1. Confidence in the courts (1=none - 10=a great deal)
government - 14-2. Confidence in the government (1=none - 10=a great deal)
parliament - 14-3. Confidence in the parliament (1=none - 10=a great deal)
armedforces - 14-4. Confidence in the armed forces (1=none - 10=a great deal)
police - 14-5. Confidence in the police (1=none - 10=a great deal)
electoralauth - 14-6. Confidence in the elect.authorities (1=none - 10=a great deal)
television - 14-7. Confidence in television (1=none - 10=a great deal)
press - 14-8. Confidence in the press (1=none - 10=a great deal)
parties - 14-9. Confidence in political parties (1=none - 10=a great deal)
BACKGROUND - EXPERT BACKGROUND SECTION
expertdomestic - 15-0. International or domestic expert
employment - 15-1. Employment type
public - 15-2. Works (or has worked) in the government public sector
university - 15-3. Works (or has worked) in a university
nonprofit - 15-4. Works (or has worked) in private non-profit sector/NGOs
agency - 15-5. Works (or has worked) in an international agency
private - 15-6. Works (or has worked) in an private business or industry
occupation - 15-7. Most recent occupation
agegroup - 15-8. Expert's age group (by decade)
sex - 15-9. Sex (1=female; 0=male)
education - 15-10. Highest level of education
born - 15-11. Were you born in this country?
lived - 15-12. # years lived in this country
candidate - 15-13. Expert was a candidate for elected office
rep - 15-14. Expert was an elected representative
activist - 15-15. Expert was an election activist
ngo - 15-16. Expert was election NGO watch personnel
voted - 15-17. Expert voted in this election
norole - 15-18. Expert did not participate in any role in this election
monitor - 15-19. Expert was a national official electoral monitor
official - 15-20. Expert was an election official
citizen - 15-21. Expert is a citizen of this country
supported - 15-22. Support the winning or losing side
leftrightscale - 15-23. Political views on 10pt left/right scale
VIGNETTES - VIGNETTES SECTION
vignetteA - 16-1. Vignette A (Queues)
vignetteB - 16-2. Vignette B (Boycotts)
vignetteC - 16-3. Vignette C (Violence)
cyr - Country-Year

Variables

Country name

f2537455 Location:

Variable Format: character

Notes: UNF:5:6NFEJ95DGX6m/Rzk1VffzQ==

COW country code

f2537455 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency
705.	Kazakhstan	0
93.	Nicaragua	0
660.	Lebanon	0
92.	El Salvador	1
432.	Mali	1
338.	Malta	1
368.	Lithuania	1
90.	Guatemala	0
950.	Fiji	1
367.	Latvia	1
990.	Samoa	0
580.	Madagascar	1
571.	Botswana	1
145.	Bolivia	1
690.	Kuwait	1
835.	Brunei	0
310.	Hungary	1
101.	Venezuela	1
590.	Mauritius	1
290.	Poland	0
522.	Djibouti	1
220.	France	0
347.	Kosovo	0
57.	St. Vincent & the Grenadines	0
267.	Baden	0
946.	Kiribati	0
60.	St. Kitts & Nevis	0
740.	Japan	1
501.	Kenya	1
704.	Uzbekistan	0
433.	Senegal	0
80.	Belize	0
339.	Albania	1
701.	Turkmenistan	1
712.	Mongolia	1
530.	Ethiopia	0
600.	Morocco	0
700.	Afghanistan	1
702.	Tajikistan	1
373.	Azerbaijan	1
110.	Guyana	0
434.	Benin	0
369.	Ukraine	1
781.	Maldives	1
245.	Bavaria	0
135.	Peru	0
770.	Pakistan	1
341.	Montenegro	1
343.	Macedonia	1
360.	Romania	1
910.	Papua New Guinea	0
490.	Congo, Dem. Rep.	0
54.	Dominica	0
439.	Burkina Faso	1
20.	Canada	0
553.	Malawi	1
620.	Libya	0
160.	Argentina	1
327.	Papal States	0
510.	Tanzania	0
221.	Monaco	0
55.	Grenada	1
240.	Hanover	0
817.	Vietnam, Rep.	0
698.	Oman	0
692.	Bahrain	1
850.	Indonesia	1
225.	Switzerland	0
481.	Gabon	0
232.	Andorra	0
541.	Mozambique	1
572.	Swaziland	1
811.	Cambodia	1
329.	Two Sicilies	0
900.	Australia	1
812.	Laos	0
212.	Luxembourg	0
53.	Barbados	1
438.	Guinea	1
390.	Denmark	0
452.	Ghana	1
461.	Togo	1
41.	Haiti	0
484.	Congo	1
986.	Palau	0
70.	Mexico	1
366.	Estonia	0
552.	Zimbabwe	1
370.	Belarus	1
475.	Nigeria	0
800.	Thailand	1
355.	Bulgaria	1
516.	Burundi	0
335.	Parma	0
483.	Chad	0
920.	New Zealand	1
640.	Turkey	1
349.	Slovenia	1
840.	Philippines	1
670.	Saudi Arabia	0
437.	Cote d'Ivoire	0
31.	Bahamas	0
210.	Netherlands	1
565.	Namibia	1
223.	Liechtenstein	0
205.	Ireland	0
58.	Antigua & Barbuda	0
95.	Panama	1
696.	United Arab Emirates	0
395.	Iceland	1
346.	Bosnia & Herzegovina	1
947.	Tuvalu	0
42.	Dominican Republic	0
531.	Eritrea	0
337.	Tuscany	0
551.	Zambia	0
371.	Armenia	1
332.	Modena	0
713.	Taiwan	0
115.	Suriname	0
517.	Rwanda	1
679.	Yemen	0
372.	Georgia	1
625.	Sudan	0
211.	Belgium	1
450.	Liberia	0
411.	Equatorial Guinea	1
710.	China	0
482.	Central African Republic	0
940.	Solomon Islands	1
359.	Moldova	1
350.	Greece	0
91.	Honduras	1
570.	Lesotho	0
500.	Uganda	0
380.	Sweden	1
94.	Costa Rica	1
155.	Chile	1
780.	Sri Lanka	0
269.	Saxony	0
100.	Colombia	1
265.	German Democratic Republic	0
520.	Somalia	0
471.	Cameroon	1
626.	South Sudan	0
790.	Nepal	1
51.	Jamaica	0
830.	Singapore	0
663.	Jordan	1
451.	Sierra Leone	1
150.	Paraguay	1
651.	Egypt	1
935.	Vanuatu	0
616.	Tunisia	1
305.	Austria	1
771.	Bangladesh	1
403.	Sao Tome & Principe	1
235.	Portugal	0
750.	India	1
40.	Cuba	1
315.	Czechoslovakia	0
775.	Myanmar	0
300.	Austria-Hungary	0
732.	Korea, Rep.	1
615.	Algeria	1
344.	Croatia	0
52.	Trinidad & Tobago	0
630.	Iran	1
325.	Italy	1
540.	Angola	1
987.	Micronesia	1
385.	Norway	1
860.	East Timor	0
420.	Gambia	0
983.	Marshall Islands	0
645.	Iraq	1
955.	Tonga	1
730.	Korea	0
260.	German Federal Republic	0
255.	Germany	1
591.	Seychelles	0
703.	Kyrgyzstan	0
404.	Guinea-Bissau	1
365.	Russia	0
970.	Nauru	0
200.	United Kingdom	0
230.	Spain	0
666.	Israel	1
56.	St. Lucia	0
375.	Finland	0
435.	Mauritania	1
317.	Slovakia	1
331.	San Marino	0
402.	Cape Verde	0
760.	Bhutan	1
731.	North Korea	1
316.	Czech Republic	1
436.	Niger	0
2.	United States of America	1
816.	Vietnam	0
560.	South Africa	1
140.	Brazil	1
165.	Uruguay	1
352.	Cyprus	1
694.	Qatar	0
581.	Comoros	0
345.	Serbia	1
820.	Malaysia	1
652.	Syria	1
130.	Ecuador	1
280.	Mecklenburg Schwerin	0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:SRGLj9H3JC68jdldqdnxkA==

Norris reference number

f2537455 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency
43.	Croatia	0
98.	Libya	0
160.	Sudan	0
34.	Chad	0
48.	Djibouti	1
10.	Austria	1
41.	Congo, Republic of	1
162.	Swaziland	1
49.	Dominica	0
18.	Belize	0
38.	Comoros	0
7.	Argentina	1
6.	Antigua & Barbuda	0
138.	Portugal	0
110.	Mauritania	1
143.	St. Lucia	0
80.	Ireland	0
65.	Ghana	1
33.	Central African Republic	0
142.	Rwanda	1
23.	Botswana	1
100.	Lithuania	1
111.	Mauritius	1
156.	Spain	0
93.	Laos	0
134.	Paraguay	1
35.	Chile	1
5.	Angola	1
15.	Barbados	1
164.	Switzerland	0
12.	Bahamas	0
81.	Israel	1
135.	Peru	0
24.	Brazil	1
82.	Italy	1
188.	Yemen	0
182.	Uruguay	1
36.	China	0
148.	Seychelles	0
54.	Equatorial Guinea	1
99.	Liechenstein	0
125.	Nicaragua	0
21.	Bolivia	1
145.	Sao Tome & Principe	1
149.	Sierra Leone	1
64.	Germany	1
39.	Congo, Democratic Republic of	0
101.	Luxembourg	0
194.	Montenegro	1
107.	Mali	1
4.	Andorra	0
147.	Senegal	0
19.	Benin	0
104.	Malawi	1
114.	Moldova	1
131.	Palau	0
96.	Lesotho	0
76.	India	1
153.	Solomon Islands	1
1.	Afghanistan	1
90.	Korea, Republic of	1
175.	Turkmenistan	1
86.	Kazakhstan	0
95.	Lebanon	0
97.	Liberia	0
56.	Estonia	0
45.	Cyprus	1
58.	Fiji	1
161.	Suriname	0
89.	Korea, DPR	1
53.	El Salvador	1
132.	Panama	1
152.	Slovenia	1
32.	Cape Verde	0
172.	Trinidad and Tobago	0
113.	Micronesia	1
168.	Tanzania	0
70.	Guinea	1
119.	Myanmar	0
31.	Canada	0
73.	Honduras	1
91.	Kuwait	1
105.	Malaysia	1
57.	Ethiopia	0
106.	Maldives	1
77.	Indonesia	1
69.	Guinea Bissau	1
118.	Mozambique	1
165.	Syria	1
78.	Iran	1
17.	Belgium	1
121.	Nauru	0
166.	Taiwan	0
9.	Australia	1
176.	Tuvalu	0
14.	Bangladesh	1
83.	Jamaica	0
61.	Gabon	0
30.	Cameroon	1
3.	Algeria	1
22.	Bosnia & Herzegovina	1
112.	Mexico	1
55.	Eritrea	0
8.	Armenia	1
122.	Nepal	1
27.	Burkina Faso	1
167.	Tajikistan	1
169.	Thailand	1
141.	Russia	0
63.	Georgia	1
87.	Kenya	1
66.	Greece	0
84.	Japan	1
11.	Azerbaijan	1
120.	Namibia	1
183.	Uzbekistan	0
37.	Colombia	1
52.	Egypt	1
191.	Zimbabwe	1
151.	Slovakia	1
185.	Venezuela	1
179.	United Arab Emirates	0
94.	Latvia	1
26.	Bulgaria	1
75.	Iceland	1
85.	Jordan	1
178.	Ukraine	1
115.	Monaco	0
189.	Serbia	1
2.	Albania	1
29.	Cambodia	1
71.	Guyana	0
67.	Grenada	1
150.	Singapore	0
184.	Vanuatu	0
129.	Oman	0
171.	Tonga	1
47.	Denmark	0
88.	Kiribati	0
126.	Niger	0
116.	Mongolia	1
42.	Cote d'Ivoire	0
139.	Qatar	0
28.	Burundi	0
103.	Madagascar	1
44.	Cuba	1
159.	St. Vincent& Grenadine	0
50.	Dominican Republic	0
109.	Marshall Islands	0
102.	Macedonia	1
133.	Papua New Guinea	0
144.	San Marino	0
170.	Togo	1
177.	Uganda	0
163.	Sweden	1
193.	Kosovo	0
117.	Morocco	0
92.	Kyrgyzstan	0
136.	Philippines	1
173.	Tunisia	1
79.	Iraq	1
180.	United Kingdom	0
130.	Pakistan	1
186.	Vietnam	0
123.	Netherlands	1
59.	Finland	0
190.	Zambia	0
16.	Belarus	1
51.	Ecuador	1
187.	Samoa	0
124.	New Zealand	1
127.	Nigeria	0
72.	Haiti	0
192.	Timor Leste	0
128.	Norway	1
140.	Romania	1
157.	Sri Lanka	0
68.	Guatemala	0
137.	Poland	0
108.	Malta	1
155.	South Africa	1
158.	St. Kitts & Nevis	0
40.	Costa Rica	1
62.	Gambia	0
60.	France	0
181.	United States of America	1
46.	Czech Republic	1
74.	Hungary	1
25.	Brunei Darussalam	0
174.	Turkey	1
20.	Bhutan	1
13.	Bahrain	1
146.	Saudi Arabia	0
154.	Somalia	0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:Xr9OMRhODwDwTDNKqxswLw==

Legis.elec=0, 1=Pres, 2=Both

f2537455 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency
0.	Legislative	58
2.	Both	13
1.	Presidential	36

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:tkqPaZalhrOUITQSOQeJyw==

(sum) numresponses

f2537455 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:OmhylDOHndTB+QHvdoSXMw==

(sum) contacted

f2537455 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:wr8oOWvRIuyM9iSEfCw4Jg==

(sum) responserate

f2537455 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:H2E6tE+pEqpsSiDH0JlNjw==

# times country surveyed

f2537455 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency
1.	Once	90
2.	Twice	14
3.	Three times	3

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:LDElRKwpeMjQVuZBpuraDw==

Survey year 2012

f2537455 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency	Text
0.	Rest	87
1.	2012	20

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:I7p3jdBvVZfyS4daIiPxPQ==

Survey year 2013

f2537455 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency	Text
0.	Rest	55
1.	2013	52

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:/JeNy+4DyKDgrMtU6satpg==

Survey year 2014

f2537455 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency	Text
1.	2014	51
0.	Rest	56

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:aKv5BQ7aXdl7TVjk9Bwk3w==

COUNTRYDATA

f2537455 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:g49I53lSiUEaJRF4fhMdoQ==

Freedom House Political Rights Scale

f2537455 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:Ht61avWhra7rowxGIhWrTA==

Freedom House Civil Liberties Scale

f2537455 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:TwboD2ntNpJ2EOUaCyYzkg==

Freedom House category (Free,Partially Free, Not Free)

f2537455 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency
2.	Free	45
1.	Partly Free	36
0.	Not Free	26

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:rehMHj5pzo1t0sKaSYdoTg==

Polity combined score (-10->+10)

f2537455 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:Ki/qRzxC3CtwSRTN3PLxUQ==

Polity combined score (-10>+10), mean substitution

f2537455 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:IZK410qBHBtSGeR80c6X/A==

# years since last major Polity shift (+/- 3 pts)

f2537455 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:qjsTGZkPTKN3dGerDt/bnA==

World Bank income level (Low, lower-middle, upper-middle, high)

f2537455 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency
3.	Upper-middle	35
4.	High	24
1.	low	19
2.	Lower-middle	28

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:wgVy8e9ABdr+Kdw+J9u7fQ==

GDP per capita on purchasing power parity 2011

f2537455 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:DoEhWl8YI9QunA0WOTpPvA==

World Bank region (1-9)

f2537455 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency
2.	West & Central Africa	12
3.	East Asia & Pacific	15
7.	Middle East	7
8.	North Africa	3
4.	South Asia	7
1.	East & Southern Africa	13
5.	Eastern Europe	21
6.	Western Europe	11
9.	Americas	18

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:SWTMOy14eey9agjBxJw1ZQ==

OECD country (0/1)

f2537455 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency	Text
1.	OECD	19
0.	non-OECD	88

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:ww7GbCesHCKWP+wCwMXCIw==

(first) OVERALLINTEGRITY

f2537455 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:g49I53lSiUEaJRF4fhMdoQ==

PEI index of electoral integrity, individual

f2537455 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:Ks7xXV8PvYNQCU0tGI/aGQ==

PEI Index (individual), low ci

f2537455 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:qcJ8HT8wp29msc/9lUCcdA==

PEI Index (individual), high ci

f2537455 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:Y7U/Bt/+K31lPGa2Gu7t/w==

PEI index of electoral integrity, imputed

f2537455 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:jjiOrC9RDAv9HrTL/ugKQg==

PEI Index (imputed), low ci

f2537455 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:WvQGSoHNnPhKnwiqs+Pe+A==

PEI Index (imputed), high ci

f2537455 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:y/S1jVzn5udVeiDYEl5noA==

Rank of countries according to PEI experts

f2537455 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:v9pSsqVGkmSHczpQD7VphA==

PEI Index type (high, medium, low)

f2537455 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency
2.	Medium	36
1.	High	35
3.	Low	36

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:Txs4kBUBgay6ujhQj478CA==

Rate electoral integrity of the election (1=very poor->10=very good

f2537455 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:VkifmJ8pzIDYl4FUFSSpDw==

Individuals' rating, low ci

f2537455 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:UB7vsIVPHhqBKnB998YH6g==

Individuals' rating, high ci

f2537455 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:MgXyOnFraoPKJjq2tlcv6Q==

ELECTORAL LAWS SECTION

f2537455 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:g49I53lSiUEaJRF4fhMdoQ==

1-1a. Electoral laws were unfair to smaller parties (1-5)[N]

f2537455 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:ubE9zb9vQhcKO074/ddZZA==

1-1b. Electoral laws were unfair to smaller parties (Reversed coding)

f2537455 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:EU61y115/NbupzFnmbY1Iw==

1-2a. Electoral laws favored the governing party or parties (1-5)[N]

f2537455 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:v1TTuaml17lEiL/kdGAbuw==

1-2b. Electoral laws favored the governing party or parties (Reversed coding)

f2537455 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:+TtfcmDlx7uM2NIohobuAg==

1-3a. Elections laws restricted citizens' rights (1-5)[N]

f2537455 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:PqssBPgSB9LIgcyBSl4R3A==

1-3b. Elections laws restricted citizens' rights (Reversed coding)

f2537455 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:DbVF9y7yCUVugQus0v7AwA==

1-4. Electoral laws index (20-100)

f2537455 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:KcNWA34OrWCn9XxAZjgnsA==

1-4i. Electoral laws index (20-100), imputed

f2537455 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:f4i1Oe3Af0L3VTVToT7+bw==

ELECTORAL PROCEDURES SECTION

f2537455 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:g49I53lSiUEaJRF4fhMdoQ==

2-1. Elections were well managed (1-5)[P]

f2537455 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:7RS7wegkFdh9s7MzPeCc6g==

2-2. Information about voting procedures was widely available (1-5)[P]

f2537455 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:/StbOHQ5hGFKtyzsok0cSQ==

2-3. Election officials were fair (1-5)[P]

f2537455 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:IkoL0B+0xmvb5++zxq2a5w==

2-4. Elections were conducted in accordance with the law (1-5)[P]

f2537455 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:RbIw3u7KLgYcE+iKZEvWlg==

2-5. Electoral procedures index (25-100)

f2537455 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:Z5mIjcKMvX5awdMszYpRYg==

2-5i. Electoral procedures index (25-100), imputed

f2537455 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:u0ECkhrViJwCTgMVY3sjsQ==

BOUNDARIES FOR VOTING DISTRICTS SECTION

f2537455 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:g49I53lSiUEaJRF4fhMdoQ==

3-1a. Boundaries discriminated against some parties (1-5)[N]

f2537455 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:VhFQQBCZ9K64hR06oZlRpQ==

3-1b. Boundaries discriminated against some parties (Reversed coding)

f2537455 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:8IcSG72EFQHRE6blYK6NNw==

3-2a. Boundaries favored incumbents (1-5)[N]

f2537455 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:ttV3AoSe1VECPAd3iJRVGA==

3-2b. Boundaries favored incumbents (Reversed coding)

f2537455 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:H/1XNTG6vlLSyh34WKow/g==

3-3. Boundaries were impartial (1-5)[P]

f2537455 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:FwPa5/Jl3tti+F42X5pvVA==

3-4. Voting district boundaries index (20-100)

f2537455 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:Hrmc47VwK1mi6uSC3Md1Fw==

3-4i. Voting district boundaries index (20-100), imputed

f2537455 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:gbgxWfCGJzteUB3DPEkJGg==

VOTER REGISTRATION SECTION

f2537455 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:g49I53lSiUEaJRF4fhMdoQ==

4-1a. Some citizens were not listed in the register (1-5)[N]

f2537455 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:pUI7t5zcCzXj1KihXeWZKQ==

4-1b. Some citizens were not listed in the register (Reversed coding)

f2537455 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:kHSYGs/RCoBXRsKfp7w6uQ==

4-2a. The electoral register was inaccurate (1-5)[N]

f2537455 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:UT1+w9tM8IJp0b+VXeMprA==

4-2b. The electoral register was inaccurate (Reversed coding)

f2537455 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:I7HwW7U8zysMnipoaAVJ4w==

4-3a. Some ineligible electors were registered (1-5)[N]

f2537455 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:sjTdLwKQE1PTaw00/X7R3Q==

4-3b. Some ineligible electors were registered (Reversed coding)

f2537455 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:JoAlml3ibbrk0b8zHIsA9Q==

4-4. Voter registration index (20-100)

f2537455 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:IbUp/wKpLRgR3pUKMyoFIg==

4-4i. Voter registration index (20-100), imputed

f2537455 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:Iv5iA6MtNjzSsEXZ61uWAA==

PARTY AND CANDIDATE REGISTRATION SECTION

f2537455 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:g49I53lSiUEaJRF4fhMdoQ==

5-1a. Some opposition candidates were prevented from running (1-5)[N]

f2537455 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:ZNJb+N/ddtnXKJzIH3WVUg==

5-1b. Some opposition candidates were prevented from running (Reversed coding)

f2537455 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:d0zVwBcD9hxGtLSCS2GWfg==

5-2. Women had equal opportunities to run for office (1-5)[P]

f2537455 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:JAMwfaX9/sSRd+agJAiNCg==

5-3. Ethnic and national minorities had equal opportunities to run for office (1

f2537455 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:SSHAtmgE6jfqnalh4ZKvRw==

5-4a. Only top party leaders selected candidates (1-5)[N]

f2537455 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:G/iRm87Pxvd5kNhD18VGBA==

5-4b. Only top party leaders selected candidates (Reversed coding)

f2537455 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:Jq7D0OeFJLuBSxsRwW4MDQ==

5-5a. Some parties/candidates were restricted from holding campaign rallies (1-5

f2537455 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:pELMGD0ArQI9yGrWUYesVQ==

5-5b. Some parties/candidates were restricted from holding campaign rallies (Rev

f2537455 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:1pe5kTSIl6SeyJ3OLLJXhA==

5-6. Party and candidate registration index (20-100)

f2537455 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:bThiQwDV4Y400oYgRIWqaw==

5-6i. Party and candidate registration index (20-100), imputed

f2537455 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:YYZRjEVYRHczV04ZRjIUMg==

MEDIA COVERAGE SECTION

f2537455 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:g49I53lSiUEaJRF4fhMdoQ==

6-1. Newspapers provided balanced election news (1-5)[P]

f2537455 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:+5m4MAKV7wbrAYMctBFQ9g==

6-2a. TV news favored the governing party (1-5)[N]

f2537455 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:bFT8O/QRItLfmdld4eTtDg==

6-2b. TV news favored the governing party (Reversed coding)

f2537455 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:tn1ixG6dIimU1LXJUS5VlA==

6-3. Parties/candidates had fair access to political broadcasts and advertising

f2537455 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:rCePm6h4UOgqXaW2HT7UdQ==

6-4. Journalists provided fair coverage of the elections (1-5)[P]

f2537455 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:7o1gRgPBeophMet2SCvPsw==

6-5. Social media were used to expose electoral fraud (1-5)[P]

f2537455 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:+e0MTqpLvDJP5xQ3FEoRBA==

6-6. Media coverage index (20-100)

f2537455 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:XL29TVuBJZil5a3ffdFAgw==

6-6i. Media coverage index (20-100), imputed

f2537455 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:fqgxGzP9RwVokVuiI8D6bg==

CAMPAIGN FINANCE SECTION

f2537455 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:g49I53lSiUEaJRF4fhMdoQ==

7-1. Parties/candidates had equitable access to public political subsidies(1-5)[

f2537455 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:0qaT4/7RnKNiinl09oCmTg==

7-2. Parties/candidates had equitable access to political donations(1-5)[P]

f2537455 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:lAVtWBNKcfF0R+96Ewg9eg==

7-3. Parties/candidates publish transparent financial accounts(1-5)[P]

f2537455 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:fTup3DnmW48dKUtaQqmuxA==

7-4a. Rich people buy elections (1-5)[N]

f2537455 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:p0jV3GIIYuHWJ9q9Udg//Q==

7-4b. Rich people buy elections (Reversed coding)

f2537455 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:2st8MIfN7vkkW7gOiacUqQ==

7-5a. Some state resources were improperly used for campaigning (1-5)[N]

f2537455 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:KbCxoJHHIF4QL5NRKBEYig==

7-5b. Some state resources were improperly used for campaigning (Reversed coding

f2537455 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:6WvHbwteLWAVyek6QL5sHg==

7-6. Campaign finance index (20-100)

f2537455 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:gy04hlkchHNX998GROZ3xw==

7-6i. Campaign finance index (20-100), imputed

f2537455 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:HdDYBa1LUaXoRVJTSQ2+1w==

VOTING PROCESS SECTION

f2537455 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:g49I53lSiUEaJRF4fhMdoQ==

8-1a. Some voters were threatened with violence at the polls(1-5)[N]

f2537455 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:hXY95ZorRdkoC3yGJNGDPw==

8-1b. Some voters were threatened with violence at the polls (Reversed coding)

f2537455 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:MynNhCfvhYO7CuIlqt1+Iw==

8-2a. Some fraudulent votes were cast (1-5)[N]

f2537455 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:4uHEjlS7ZZOJDk60tn6t8Q==

8-2b. Some fraudulent votes were cast (Reversed coding)

f2537455 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:vnLfQMQpeKkhwtzbbR5E7w==

8-3. The process of voting was easy (1-1)[Y]

f2537455 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:MLndUZb3bGqLwhzxCOxk/A==

8-4. Voters were offered a genuine choice at the ballot box (1-5)[P]

f2537455 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:rdsGs7Psv+SOsYbcpf1amw==

8-5. Postal ballots were available (1-5)[P]

f2537455 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:oSbpeqzXQe7duX+zdrXtbQ==

8-6. Special voting facilities were available for the disabled (1-5)[P]

f2537455 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:+cCwCGCng23LXr+Hzi5DNw==

8-7. National citizens living abroad could vote (1-5)[P]

f2537455 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:anpa5rPNaCt2wQaYKDwdhw==

8-8. Some form of internet voting was available (1-5)[P]

f2537455 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:+Bdb0zP9oaj9iLX4AuK7Pw==

8-9. Voting process index (20-100)

f2537455 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:eQQU1YJSyw5jq6GycgLIeg==

8-9i. Voting process index (20-100), imputed

f2537455 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:V3yJiMy9kvEWlVg6MX5orA==

THE VOTE COUNT SECTION

f2537455 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:g49I53lSiUEaJRF4fhMdoQ==

9-1. Ballot boxes were secure (1-5)[P]

f2537455 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:5/mNYVmafVlYYjtKC2Ac0w==

9-2. The results were announced without undue delay (1-5)[P]

f2537455 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:AA3fCRKXG+pBeUFTedDifg==

9-3. Votes were counted fairly (1-5)[P]

f2537455 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:Tz064UFsdPf9BgKrI5juhw==

9-4a. Int'l election monitors were restricted (1-5)[N]

f2537455 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:3RZD3/CSLRUeDU9Tz7397Q==

9-4b. Int'l election monitors were restricted (Reversed coding)

f2537455 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:SlzTxaNQooVAIZl7/R0TxQ==

9-5a. Domestic election monitors were restricted (1-5)[N]

f2537455 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:s6YYi4iT4XlW8q5eZUZ+AA==

9-5b. Domestic election monitors were restricted (Reversed coding)

f2537455 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:t9fC6Elx+4o9ZzsXCKjhtw==

9-6. Vote count index (20-100)

f2537455 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:RhZ6KkfhNoWQG4Ubq/fYpw==

9-6i. Vote count index (20-100), imputed

f2537455 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:Ofu2hHMFqZn5cVMDVggfFw==

VOTING RESULTS SECTION

f2537455 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:g49I53lSiUEaJRF4fhMdoQ==

10-1a. Parties/candidates challenged the results (1-5)[N]

f2537455 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:/4Y841Br8r48CfMKtpUFWg==

10-1b. Parties/candidates challenged the results (Reversed coding)

f2537455 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:NAiESnpFFWW02EoRraEpUg==

10-2a. The election led to peaceful protests (1-5)[N]

f2537455 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:NWv3JZOwSN0lyjbkpzop8A==

10-2b. The election led to peaceful protests (Reversed coding)

f2537455 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:8fzZwjRgofRP5C9MHyCoQg==

10-3a. The election triggered violent protests (1-5)[N]

f2537455 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:26qR7OOdjtRU7ke1jAWzTg==

10-3b. The election triggered violent protests (Reversed coding)

f2537455 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:RDHuZBCcQrbqMqZs+rBKVg==

10-4. Any disputes were resolved through legal channels (1-5)[P]

f2537455 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:Ul+Q7ju7Z5XvyZ3pJKWTdQ==

10-5. Results index (25-100)

f2537455 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:6tIJyHuytKOVtjtJklr/mw==

10-5i. Results index (25-100), imputed

f2537455 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:aAHQyL+IvLmM8/BK8YmvYQ==

ELECTORAL AUTHORITIES SECTION

f2537455 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:g49I53lSiUEaJRF4fhMdoQ==

11-1. The election authorities were impartial (1-5)[P]

f2537455 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:iq+NH6vt3zrGN2lwQ0gDsA==

11-2. The authorities distributed information to citizens (1-5)[P]

f2537455 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:o3VVkGngRZgfbW8iz2rOsQ==

11-3. The authorities allowed public scrutiny of their performance (1-5)[P]

f2537455 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:r6yTyBYywKVkqC0tj2JpzA==

11-4. The election authorities performed well (1-5)[P]

f2537455 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:SJKicz3AQfR6gBQoDJyZjA==

11-5. Electoral authorities index (25-100)

f2537455 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:spifv2sCScTZN7eNMoYNUg==

11-5i. Electoral authorities index (25-100), imputed

f2537455 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:mK7ChfA4sqe/QIaPTk9YLw==

GENERAL ELECTION QUESTIONS

f2537455 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:g49I53lSiUEaJRF4fhMdoQ==

13-1. How familiar are you with elections in this country?

f2537455 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:NBQuH9t0G0VLz+KtNKde4w==

13-2. Which election (if more than 1) was most important

f2537455 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:rLXz7gj8oHyTCgmRTYMOFQ==

ORGANIZATIONAL CONFIDENCE SECTION

f2537455 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:g49I53lSiUEaJRF4fhMdoQ==

14-1. Confidence in the courts (1=none - 10=a great deal)

f2537455 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:hhS2/N4zL18otzfk/Zr9Ng==

14-2. Confidence in the government (1=none - 10=a great deal)

f2537455 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:hVK7FBpfFlGmw6xJOl1eBQ==

14-3. Confidence in the parliament (1=none - 10=a great deal)

f2537455 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:n+AgFtI+QWFg2p5VnVZWsQ==

14-4. Confidence in the armed forces (1=none - 10=a great deal)

f2537455 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:5qO76J74lo704x2pJW6Y/g==

14-5. Confidence in the police (1=none - 10=a great deal)

f2537455 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:q4Ct0ADc+zunG9vmyU5zyw==

14-6. Confidence in the elect.authorities (1=none - 10=a great deal)

f2537455 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:ZminZrDYmQ7JEyWmksGqmg==

14-7. Confidence in television (1=none - 10=a great deal)

f2537455 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:cmuNhRQCymaw0wzzefIQkg==

14-8. Confidence in the press (1=none - 10=a great deal)

f2537455 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:ZzQosDJVqqh1b/HKVEjCLQ==

14-9. Confidence in political parties (1=none - 10=a great deal)

f2537455 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:SLGudmv/5b5mDgUYCLb3Jw==

EXPERT BACKGROUND SECTION

f2537455 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:g49I53lSiUEaJRF4fhMdoQ==

International or domestic expert

f2537455 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:+r4oJUk9+DI1da/wSokxVg==

15-1. Employment type

f2537455 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:gkUisnOWg59UGoFku+7lFg==

15-2. Works (or has worked) in the government public sector

f2537455 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:FwnxV8xzjVQHYQRKpP1Qxg==

15-3. Works (or has worked) in a university

f2537455 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:xZVt7Y4Sp3+wORcGMCa/ZQ==

15-4. Works (or has worked) in private non-profit sector/NGOs

f2537455 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:Lg0BfU0oohSQOtzRUabQLg==

15-5. Works (or has worked) in an international agency

f2537455 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:Q57Y/SizYn/JYS4I+aP4/g==

15-6. Works (or has worked) in an private business or industry

f2537455 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:DqQZc2bMRIzmg/9XkHYNnA==

15-7. Most recent occupation

f2537455 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:qqbjd7RcA3yKDLajarn8oA==

15-8. Expert's age group (by decade)

f2537455 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:hP1V/rUeAo7NxDkix8YYyA==

15-9. Sex (1=female; 0=male)

f2537455 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:uEVCdMJI4lsxylHVKqh++g==

15-10. Highest level of education

f2537455 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:NSQv3Q9Sz1SNc9URcpUEoQ==

15-11. Were you born in this country?

f2537455 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:PaAqtqPQCT38DTLJ8v1ARA==

15-12. # years lived in this country

f2537455 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:egL9b7IAZzda+H7z3cLmYw==

15-13. Expert was a candidate for elected office

f2537455 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:XOfuGlBWPBnxaWiC0mP/lA==

15-14. Expert was an elected representative

f2537455 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:dvPpTtFvDfJFK4pn0UUJ5A==

15-15. Expert was an election activist

f2537455 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:gyKpB5e+ujRJCxdbzuQmfg==

15-16. Expert was election NGO watch personnel

f2537455 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:MA7KhIDbvgnPX+urr1CRYg==

15-17. Expert voted in this election

f2537455 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:zosmctEXNVeMmV72lx95FA==

15-18. Expert did not participate in any role in this election

f2537455 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:c5PMVKhqftAbLn3l20f9PA==

15-19. Expert was a national official electoral monitor

f2537455 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:l1+qnridvqyzxvvIZXC1MQ==

15-20. Expert was an election official

f2537455 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:WAR0Mlpn5U60jxChVJVIzQ==

15-21. Expert is a citizen of this country

f2537455 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:bHa5/isJK44XfGbRAbc15Q==

15-22. Support the winning or losing side

f2537455 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:/E0JLooppr9O4rXhwJvH2Q==

15-23. Political views on 10pt left/right scale

f2537455 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:wNo9+yTcNtsMBHn72RJgMg==

VIGNETTES SECTION

f2537455 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:g49I53lSiUEaJRF4fhMdoQ==

16-1. Vignette A (Queues)

f2537455 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:tkIUTco2DjRawUz5HAOYTQ==

16-2. Vignette B (Boycotts)

f2537455 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:tMU9ExvXXWxobFCxb1yzOQ==

16-3. Vignette C (Violence)

f2537455 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:+2sx3OXBNiZDYRo9bzToNw==

ELECTIONRESULT

f2537455 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:g49I53lSiUEaJRF4fhMdoQ==

Date of previous election

f2537455 Location:

Variable Format: character

Notes: UNF:5:Q5vKI1bq9O9uRbUjX3fjOQ==

Registered Voters (mean value if more than one election in year)

f2537455 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:RLkvoDQ4rNm0kebqcexrJg==

Valid Votes(mean value if more than one election in year)

f2537455 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:qUmvtvCRwONqXAtd6C7LvQ==

Invalid/Blank Votes(mean value if more than one election in year)

f2537455 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:cT/AKs92fyk3M9xmZUhAfw==

Turnout (mean value if more than one election in year)

f2537455 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:v7zzigQxTAjjJjS5DwwAwg==

Country name

f2537504 Location:

Variable Format: character

Notes: UNF:5:6NFEJ95DGX6m/Rzk1VffzQ==

COW country code

f2537504 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency	Text
625.	Sudan	0
338.	Malta	0
517.	Rwanda	0
58.	Antigua & Barbuda	0
380.	Sweden	0
140.	Brazil	0
461.	Togo	0
732.	Korea, Rep.	0
305.	Austria	0
370.	Belarus	0
541.	Mozambique	0
551.	Zambia	0
355.	Bulgaria	0
245.	Bavaria	0
591.	Seychelles	0
700.	Afghanistan	0
360.	Romania	0
640.	Turkey	0
572.	Swaziland	0
310.	Hungary	0
900.	Australia	0
840.	Philippines	0
325.	Italy	0
41.	Haiti	0
235.	Portugal	0
970.	Nauru	0
269.	Saxony	0
581.	Comoros	0
950.	Fiji	0
223.	Liechtenstein	0
366.	Estonia	0
510.	Tanzania	0
484.	Congo	0
255.	Germany	0
212.	Luxembourg	0
135.	Peru	0
983.	Marshall Islands	0
90.	Guatemala	0
565.	Namibia	0
666.	Israel	0
660.	Lebanon	0
60.	St. Kitts & Nevis	0
350.	Greece	0
713.	Taiwan	0
341.	Montenegro	0
475.	Nigeria	0
385.	Norway	0
339.	Albania	0
54.	Dominica	0
947.	Tuvalu	0
696.	United Arab Emirates	0
359.	Moldova	0
935.	Vanuatu	0
352.	Cyprus	0
692.	Bahrain	0
130.	Ecuador	0
232.	Andorra	0
651.	Egypt	0
986.	Palau	0
704.	Uzbekistan	0
434.	Benin	0
600.	Morocco	0
626.	South Sudan	0
20.	Canada	0
211.	Belgium	0
52.	Trinidad & Tobago	0
390.	Denmark	0
450.	Liberia	0
290.	Poland	0
42.	Dominican Republic	0
630.	Iran	0
690.	Kuwait	0
332.	Modena	0
40.	Cuba	0
731.	North Korea	0
703.	Kyrgyzstan	0
694.	Qatar	0
482.	Central African Republic	0
260.	German Federal Republic	0
552.	Zimbabwe	0
910.	Papua New Guinea	0
645.	Iraq	0
368.	Lithuania	0
404.	Guinea-Bissau	0
530.	Ethiopia	0
411.	Equatorial Guinea	0
265.	German Democratic Republic	0
531.	Eritrea	0
349.	Slovenia	0
150.	Paraguay	0
590.	Mauritius	0
91.	Honduras	0
395.	Iceland	0
812.	Laos	0
375.	Finland	0
490.	Congo, Dem. Rep.	0
452.	Ghana	0
750.	India	0
652.	Syria	0
329.	Two Sicilies	0
775.	Myanmar	0
438.	Guinea	0
437.	Cote d'Ivoire	0
344.	Croatia	0
53.	Barbados	0
830.	Singapore	0
701.	Turkmenistan	0
790.	Nepal	0
160.	Argentina	0
432.	Mali	0
811.	Cambodia	0
987.	Micronesia	0
93.	Nicaragua	0
51.	Jamaica	0
2.	United States of America	0
435.	Mauritania	0
990.	Samoa	0
367.	Latvia	0
760.	Bhutan	0
95.	Panama	0
835.	Brunei	0
580.	Madagascar	0
820.	Malaysia	0
500.	Uganda	0
315.	Czechoslovakia	0
240.	Hanover	0
331.	San Marino	0
327.	Papal States	0
403.	Sao Tome & Principe	0
267.	Baden	0
940.	Solomon Islands	0
433.	Senegal	0
31.	Bahamas	0
155.	Chile	0
471.	Cameroon	0
771.	Bangladesh	0
946.	Kiribati	0
92.	El Salvador	0
335.	Parma	0
800.	Thailand	0
770.	Pakistan	0
816.	Vietnam	0
850.	Indonesia	0
145.	Bolivia	0
481.	Gabon	0
402.	Cape Verde	0
679.	Yemen	0
705.	Kazakhstan	0
165.	Uruguay	0
369.	Ukraine	0
420.	Gambia	0
516.	Burundi	0
55.	Grenada	0
365.	Russia	0
100.	Colombia	0
210.	Netherlands	0
115.	Suriname	0
702.	Tajikistan	0
205.	Ireland	0
860.	East Timor	0
57.	St. Vincent & the Grenadines	0
817.	Vietnam, Rep.	0
200.	United Kingdom	0
371.	Armenia	0
540.	Angola	0
317.	Slovakia	0
616.	Tunisia	0
225.	Switzerland	0
615.	Algeria	0
781.	Maldives	0
316.	Czech Republic	0
451.	Sierra Leone	0
710.	China	0
955.	Tonga	0
346.	Bosnia & Herzegovina	0
920.	New Zealand	0
780.	Sri Lanka	0
372.	Georgia	0
343.	Macedonia	0
663.	Jordan	0
101.	Venezuela	0
483.	Chad	0
347.	Kosovo	0
553.	Malawi	0
571.	Botswana	0
522.	Djibouti	0
740.	Japan	0
300.	Austria-Hungary	0
221.	Monaco	0
620.	Libya	0
670.	Saudi Arabia	0
230.	Spain	0
345.	Serbia	0
439.	Burkina Faso	0
501.	Kenya	0
94.	Costa Rica	0
70.	Mexico	0
56.	St. Lucia	0
560.	South Africa	0
698.	Oman	0
436.	Niger	0
220.	France	0
373.	Azerbaijan	0
730.	Korea	0
110.	Guyana	0
570.	Lesotho	0
280.	Mecklenburg Schwerin	0
520.	Somalia	0
337.	Tuscany	0
712.	Mongolia	0
80.	Belize	0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:SRGLj9H3JC68jdldqdnxkA==

Norris reference number

f2537504 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency	Text
193.	Kosovo	0
179.	United Arab Emirates	0
182.	Uruguay	0
39.	Congo, Democratic Republic of	0
17.	Belgium	0
90.	Korea, Republic of	0
159.	St. Vincent& Grenadine	0
157.	Sri Lanka	0
115.	Monaco	0
25.	Brunei Darussalam	0
114.	Moldova	0
9.	Australia	0
49.	Dominica	0
150.	Singapore	0
59.	Finland	0
58.	Fiji	0
132.	Panama	0
125.	Nicaragua	0
145.	Sao Tome & Principe	0
83.	Jamaica	0
76.	India	0
51.	Ecuador	0
128.	Norway	0
133.	Papua New Guinea	0
85.	Jordan	0
122.	Nepal	0
24.	Brazil	0
93.	Laos	0
168.	Tanzania	0
37.	Colombia	0
46.	Czech Republic	0
16.	Belarus	0
63.	Georgia	0
66.	Greece	0
177.	Uganda	0
131.	Palau	0
107.	Mali	0
84.	Japan	0
80.	Ireland	0
129.	Oman	0
134.	Paraguay	0
174.	Turkey	0
183.	Uzbekistan	0
188.	Yemen	0
18.	Belize	0
136.	Philippines	0
104.	Malawi	0
86.	Kazakhstan	0
87.	Kenya	0
78.	Iran	0
130.	Pakistan	0
54.	Equatorial Guinea	0
191.	Zimbabwe	0
189.	Serbia	0
92.	Kyrgyzstan	0
121.	Nauru	0
153.	Solomon Islands	0
72.	Haiti	0
111.	Mauritius	0
22.	Bosnia & Herzegovina	0
106.	Maldives	0
176.	Tuvalu	0
175.	Turkmenistan	0
143.	St. Lucia	0
108.	Malta	0
164.	Switzerland	0
73.	Honduras	0
55.	Eritrea	0
109.	Marshall Islands	0
31.	Canada	0
187.	Samoa	0
95.	Lebanon	0
50.	Dominican Republic	0
42.	Cote d'Ivoire	0
5.	Angola	0
169.	Thailand	0
148.	Seychelles	0
14.	Bangladesh	0
120.	Namibia	0
65.	Ghana	0
163.	Sweden	0
161.	Suriname	0
165.	Syria	0
53.	El Salvador	0
23.	Botswana	0
190.	Zambia	0
127.	Nigeria	0
47.	Denmark	0
33.	Central African Republic	0
97.	Liberia	0
29.	Cambodia	0
70.	Guinea	0
170.	Togo	0
194.	Montenegro	0
102.	Macedonia	0
96.	Lesotho	0
181.	United States of America	0
35.	Chile	0
82.	Italy	0
64.	Germany	0
144.	San Marino	0
32.	Cape Verde	0
98.	Libya	0
117.	Morocco	0
27.	Burkina Faso	0
62.	Gambia	0
103.	Madagascar	0
3.	Algeria	0
149.	Sierra Leone	0
94.	Latvia	0
152.	Slovenia	0
147.	Senegal	0
162.	Swaziland	0
185.	Venezuela	0
44.	Cuba	0
160.	Sudan	0
6.	Antigua & Barbuda	0
154.	Somalia	0
71.	Guyana	0
28.	Burundi	0
123.	Netherlands	0
156.	Spain	0
20.	Bhutan	0
192.	Timor Leste	0
119.	Myanmar	0
13.	Bahrain	0
173.	Tunisia	0
112.	Mexico	0
91.	Kuwait	0
88.	Kiribati	0
186.	Vietnam	0
12.	Bahamas	0
61.	Gabon	0
7.	Argentina	0
2.	Albania	0
166.	Taiwan	0
36.	China	0
26.	Bulgaria	0
8.	Armenia	0
41.	Congo, Republic of	0
118.	Mozambique	0
141.	Russia	0
113.	Micronesia	0
38.	Comoros	0
11.	Azerbaijan	0
171.	Tonga	0
116.	Mongolia	0
48.	Djibouti	0
100.	Lithuania	0
30.	Cameroon	0
124.	New Zealand	0
40.	Costa Rica	0
105.	Malaysia	0
140.	Romania	0
77.	Indonesia	0
68.	Guatemala	0
52.	Egypt	0
19.	Benin	0
21.	Bolivia	0
57.	Ethiopia	0
180.	United Kingdom	0
69.	Guinea Bissau	0
43.	Croatia	0
155.	South Africa	0
138.	Portugal	0
126.	Niger	0
45.	Cyprus	0
137.	Poland	0
79.	Iraq	0
184.	Vanuatu	0
167.	Tajikistan	0
75.	Iceland	0
4.	Andorra	0
60.	France	0
158.	St. Kitts & Nevis	0
178.	Ukraine	0
34.	Chad	0
99.	Liechenstein	0
10.	Austria	0
81.	Israel	0
172.	Trinidad and Tobago	0
139.	Qatar	0
89.	Korea, DPR	0
56.	Estonia	0
146.	Saudi Arabia	0
135.	Peru	0
15.	Barbados	0
74.	Hungary	0
151.	Slovakia	0
110.	Mauritania	0
67.	Grenada	0
142.	Rwanda	0
101.	Luxembourg	0
1.	Afghanistan	0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:Xr9OMRhODwDwTDNKqxswLw==

Legis.elec=0, 1=Pres, 2=Both

f2537504 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency	Text
1.	Presidential	0
2.	Both	0
0.	Legislative	0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:tkqPaZalhrOUITQSOQeJyw==

(sum) numresponses

f2537504 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:OmhylDOHndTB+QHvdoSXMw==

(sum) contacted

f2537504 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:wr8oOWvRIuyM9iSEfCw4Jg==

(sum) responserate

f2537504 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:H2E6tE+pEqpsSiDH0JlNjw==

# times country surveyed

f2537504 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency	Text
1.	Once	0
3.	Three times	0
2.	Twice	0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:LDElRKwpeMjQVuZBpuraDw==

Survey year 2012

f2537504 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency	Text
0.	Rest	0
1.	2012	0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:I7p3jdBvVZfyS4daIiPxPQ==

Survey year 2013

f2537504 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency	Text
1.	2013	0
0.	Rest	0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:/JeNy+4DyKDgrMtU6satpg==

Survey year 2014

f2537504 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency	Text
1.	2014	0
0.	Rest	0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:aKv5BQ7aXdl7TVjk9Bwk3w==

COUNTRYDATA

f2537504 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:g49I53lSiUEaJRF4fhMdoQ==

Freedom House Political Rights Scale

f2537504 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:Ht61avWhra7rowxGIhWrTA==

Freedom House Civil Liberties Scale

f2537504 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:TwboD2ntNpJ2EOUaCyYzkg==

Freedom House category (Free,Partially Free, Not Free)

f2537504 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency	Text
1.	Partly Free	0
0.	Not Free	0
2.	Free	0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:rehMHj5pzo1t0sKaSYdoTg==

Polity combined score (-10->+10)

f2537504 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:Ki/qRzxC3CtwSRTN3PLxUQ==

Polity combined score (-10>+10), mean substitution

f2537504 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:IZK410qBHBtSGeR80c6X/A==

# years since last major Polity shift (+/- 3 pts)

f2537504 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:qjsTGZkPTKN3dGerDt/bnA==

World Bank income level (Low, lower-middle, upper-middle, high)

f2537504 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency	Text
2.	Lower-middle	0
1.	low	0
3.	Upper-middle	0
4.	High	0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:wgVy8e9ABdr+Kdw+J9u7fQ==

GDP per capita on purchasing power parity 2011

f2537504 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:DoEhWl8YI9QunA0WOTpPvA==

World Bank region (1-9)

f2537504 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency	Text
2.	West & Central Africa	0
4.	South Asia	0
5.	Eastern Europe	0
8.	North Africa	0
1.	East & Southern Africa	0
7.	Middle East	0
3.	East Asia & Pacific	0
9.	Americas	0
6.	Western Europe	0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:SWTMOy14eey9agjBxJw1ZQ==

OECD country (0/1)

f2537504 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency	Text
1.	OECD	0
0.	non-OECD	0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:ww7GbCesHCKWP+wCwMXCIw==

(first) OVERALLINTEGRITY

f2537504 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:g49I53lSiUEaJRF4fhMdoQ==

PEI index of electoral integrity, individual

f2537504 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:Ks7xXV8PvYNQCU0tGI/aGQ==

PEI Index (individual), low ci

f2537504 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:qcJ8HT8wp29msc/9lUCcdA==

PEI Index (individual), high ci

f2537504 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:Y7U/Bt/+K31lPGa2Gu7t/w==

PEI index of electoral integrity, imputed

f2537504 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:jjiOrC9RDAv9HrTL/ugKQg==

PEI Index (imputed), low ci

f2537504 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:WvQGSoHNnPhKnwiqs+Pe+A==

PEI Index (imputed), high ci

f2537504 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:y/S1jVzn5udVeiDYEl5noA==

Rank of countries according to PEI experts

f2537504 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:v9pSsqVGkmSHczpQD7VphA==

PEI Index type (high, medium, low)

f2537504 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency	Text
2.	Medium	0
1.	High	0
3.	Low	0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:Txs4kBUBgay6ujhQj478CA==

Rate electoral integrity of the election (1=very poor->10=very good

f2537504 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:VkifmJ8pzIDYl4FUFSSpDw==

Individuals' rating, low ci

f2537504 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:UB7vsIVPHhqBKnB998YH6g==

Individuals' rating, high ci

f2537504 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:MgXyOnFraoPKJjq2tlcv6Q==

ELECTORAL LAWS SECTION

f2537504 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:g49I53lSiUEaJRF4fhMdoQ==

1-1a. Electoral laws were unfair to smaller parties (1-5)[N]

f2537504 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:ubE9zb9vQhcKO074/ddZZA==

1-1b. Electoral laws were unfair to smaller parties (Reversed coding)

f2537504 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:EU61y115/NbupzFnmbY1Iw==

1-2a. Electoral laws favored the governing party or parties (1-5)[N]

f2537504 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:v1TTuaml17lEiL/kdGAbuw==

1-2b. Electoral laws favored the governing party or parties (Reversed coding)

f2537504 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:+TtfcmDlx7uM2NIohobuAg==

1-3a. Elections laws restricted citizens' rights (1-5)[N]

f2537504 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:PqssBPgSB9LIgcyBSl4R3A==

1-3b. Elections laws restricted citizens' rights (Reversed coding)

f2537504 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:DbVF9y7yCUVugQus0v7AwA==

1-4. Electoral laws index (20-100)

f2537504 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:KcNWA34OrWCn9XxAZjgnsA==

1-4i. Electoral laws index (20-100), imputed

f2537504 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:f4i1Oe3Af0L3VTVToT7+bw==

ELECTORAL PROCEDURES SECTION

f2537504 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:g49I53lSiUEaJRF4fhMdoQ==

2-1. Elections were well managed (1-5)[P]

f2537504 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:7RS7wegkFdh9s7MzPeCc6g==

2-2. Information about voting procedures was widely available (1-5)[P]

f2537504 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:/StbOHQ5hGFKtyzsok0cSQ==

2-3. Election officials were fair (1-5)[P]

f2537504 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:IkoL0B+0xmvb5++zxq2a5w==

2-4. Elections were conducted in accordance with the law (1-5)[P]

f2537504 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:RbIw3u7KLgYcE+iKZEvWlg==

2-5. Electoral procedures index (25-100)

f2537504 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:Z5mIjcKMvX5awdMszYpRYg==

2-5i. Electoral procedures index (25-100), imputed

f2537504 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:u0ECkhrViJwCTgMVY3sjsQ==

BOUNDARIES FOR VOTING DISTRICTS SECTION

f2537504 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:g49I53lSiUEaJRF4fhMdoQ==

3-1a. Boundaries discriminated against some parties (1-5)[N]

f2537504 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:VhFQQBCZ9K64hR06oZlRpQ==

3-1b. Boundaries discriminated against some parties (Reversed coding)

f2537504 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:8IcSG72EFQHRE6blYK6NNw==

3-2a. Boundaries favored incumbents (1-5)[N]

f2537504 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:ttV3AoSe1VECPAd3iJRVGA==

3-2b. Boundaries favored incumbents (Reversed coding)

f2537504 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:H/1XNTG6vlLSyh34WKow/g==

3-3. Boundaries were impartial (1-5)[P]

f2537504 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:FwPa5/Jl3tti+F42X5pvVA==

3-4. Voting district boundaries index (20-100)

f2537504 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:Hrmc47VwK1mi6uSC3Md1Fw==

3-4i. Voting district boundaries index (20-100), imputed

f2537504 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:gbgxWfCGJzteUB3DPEkJGg==

VOTER REGISTRATION SECTION

f2537504 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:g49I53lSiUEaJRF4fhMdoQ==

4-1a. Some citizens were not listed in the register (1-5)[N]

f2537504 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:pUI7t5zcCzXj1KihXeWZKQ==

4-1b. Some citizens were not listed in the register (Reversed coding)

f2537504 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:kHSYGs/RCoBXRsKfp7w6uQ==

4-2a. The electoral register was inaccurate (1-5)[N]

f2537504 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:UT1+w9tM8IJp0b+VXeMprA==

4-2b. The electoral register was inaccurate (Reversed coding)

f2537504 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:I7HwW7U8zysMnipoaAVJ4w==

4-3a. Some ineligible electors were registered (1-5)[N]

f2537504 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:sjTdLwKQE1PTaw00/X7R3Q==

4-3b. Some ineligible electors were registered (Reversed coding)

f2537504 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:JoAlml3ibbrk0b8zHIsA9Q==

4-4. Voter registration index (20-100)

f2537504 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:IbUp/wKpLRgR3pUKMyoFIg==

4-4i. Voter registration index (20-100), imputed

f2537504 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:Iv5iA6MtNjzSsEXZ61uWAA==

PARTY AND CANDIDATE REGISTRATION SECTION

f2537504 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:g49I53lSiUEaJRF4fhMdoQ==

5-1a. Some opposition candidates were prevented from running (1-5)[N]

f2537504 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:ZNJb+N/ddtnXKJzIH3WVUg==

5-1b. Some opposition candidates were prevented from running (Reversed coding)

f2537504 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:d0zVwBcD9hxGtLSCS2GWfg==

5-2. Women had equal opportunities to run for office (1-5)[P]

f2537504 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:JAMwfaX9/sSRd+agJAiNCg==

5-3. Ethnic and national minorities had equal opportunities to run for office (1

f2537504 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:SSHAtmgE6jfqnalh4ZKvRw==

5-4a. Only top party leaders selected candidates (1-5)[N]

f2537504 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:G/iRm87Pxvd5kNhD18VGBA==

5-4b. Only top party leaders selected candidates (Reversed coding)

f2537504 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:Jq7D0OeFJLuBSxsRwW4MDQ==

5-5a. Some parties/candidates were restricted from holding campaign rallies (1-5

f2537504 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:pELMGD0ArQI9yGrWUYesVQ==

5-5b. Some parties/candidates were restricted from holding campaign rallies (Rev

f2537504 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:1pe5kTSIl6SeyJ3OLLJXhA==

5-6. Party and candidate registration index (20-100)

f2537504 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:bThiQwDV4Y400oYgRIWqaw==

5-6i. Party and candidate registration index (20-100), imputed

f2537504 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:YYZRjEVYRHczV04ZRjIUMg==

MEDIA COVERAGE SECTION

f2537504 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:g49I53lSiUEaJRF4fhMdoQ==

6-1. Newspapers provided balanced election news (1-5)[P]

f2537504 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:+5m4MAKV7wbrAYMctBFQ9g==

6-2a. TV news favored the governing party (1-5)[N]

f2537504 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:bFT8O/QRItLfmdld4eTtDg==

6-2b. TV news favored the governing party (Reversed coding)

f2537504 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:tn1ixG6dIimU1LXJUS5VlA==

6-3. Parties/candidates had fair access to political broadcasts and advertising

f2537504 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:rCePm6h4UOgqXaW2HT7UdQ==

6-4. Journalists provided fair coverage of the elections (1-5)[P]

f2537504 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:7o1gRgPBeophMet2SCvPsw==

6-5. Social media were used to expose electoral fraud (1-5)[P]

f2537504 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:+e0MTqpLvDJP5xQ3FEoRBA==

6-6. Media coverage index (20-100)

f2537504 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:XL29TVuBJZil5a3ffdFAgw==

6-6i. Media coverage index (20-100), imputed

f2537504 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:fqgxGzP9RwVokVuiI8D6bg==

CAMPAIGN FINANCE SECTION

f2537504 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:g49I53lSiUEaJRF4fhMdoQ==

7-1. Parties/candidates had equitable access to public political subsidies(1-5)[

f2537504 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:0qaT4/7RnKNiinl09oCmTg==

7-2. Parties/candidates had equitable access to political donations(1-5)[P]

f2537504 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:lAVtWBNKcfF0R+96Ewg9eg==

7-3. Parties/candidates publish transparent financial accounts(1-5)[P]

f2537504 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:fTup3DnmW48dKUtaQqmuxA==

7-4a. Rich people buy elections (1-5)[N]

f2537504 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:p0jV3GIIYuHWJ9q9Udg//Q==

7-4b. Rich people buy elections (Reversed coding)

f2537504 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:2st8MIfN7vkkW7gOiacUqQ==

7-5a. Some state resources were improperly used for campaigning (1-5)[N]

f2537504 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:KbCxoJHHIF4QL5NRKBEYig==

7-5b. Some state resources were improperly used for campaigning (Reversed coding

f2537504 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:6WvHbwteLWAVyek6QL5sHg==

7-6. Campaign finance index (20-100)

f2537504 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:gy04hlkchHNX998GROZ3xw==

7-6i. Campaign finance index (20-100), imputed

f2537504 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:HdDYBa1LUaXoRVJTSQ2+1w==

VOTING PROCESS SECTION

f2537504 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:g49I53lSiUEaJRF4fhMdoQ==

8-1a. Some voters were threatened with violence at the polls(1-5)[N]

f2537504 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:hXY95ZorRdkoC3yGJNGDPw==

8-1b. Some voters were threatened with violence at the polls (Reversed coding)

f2537504 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:MynNhCfvhYO7CuIlqt1+Iw==

8-2a. Some fraudulent votes were cast (1-5)[N]

f2537504 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:4uHEjlS7ZZOJDk60tn6t8Q==

8-2b. Some fraudulent votes were cast (Reversed coding)

f2537504 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:vnLfQMQpeKkhwtzbbR5E7w==

8-3. The process of voting was easy (1-1)[Y]

f2537504 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:MLndUZb3bGqLwhzxCOxk/A==

8-4. Voters were offered a genuine choice at the ballot box (1-5)[P]

f2537504 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:rdsGs7Psv+SOsYbcpf1amw==

8-5. Postal ballots were available (1-5)[P]

f2537504 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:oSbpeqzXQe7duX+zdrXtbQ==

8-6. Special voting facilities were available for the disabled (1-5)[P]

f2537504 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:+cCwCGCng23LXr+Hzi5DNw==

8-7. National citizens living abroad could vote (1-5)[P]

f2537504 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:anpa5rPNaCt2wQaYKDwdhw==

8-8. Some form of internet voting was available (1-5)[P]

f2537504 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:+Bdb0zP9oaj9iLX4AuK7Pw==

8-9. Voting process index (20-100)

f2537504 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:eQQU1YJSyw5jq6GycgLIeg==

8-9i. Voting process index (20-100), imputed

f2537504 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:V3yJiMy9kvEWlVg6MX5orA==

THE VOTE COUNT SECTION

f2537504 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:g49I53lSiUEaJRF4fhMdoQ==

9-1. Ballot boxes were secure (1-5)[P]

f2537504 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:5/mNYVmafVlYYjtKC2Ac0w==

9-2. The results were announced without undue delay (1-5)[P]

f2537504 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:AA3fCRKXG+pBeUFTedDifg==

9-3. Votes were counted fairly (1-5)[P]

f2537504 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:Tz064UFsdPf9BgKrI5juhw==

9-4a. Int'l election monitors were restricted (1-5)[N]

f2537504 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:3RZD3/CSLRUeDU9Tz7397Q==

9-4b. Int'l election monitors were restricted (Reversed coding)

f2537504 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:SlzTxaNQooVAIZl7/R0TxQ==

9-5a. Domestic election monitors were restricted (1-5)[N]

f2537504 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:s6YYi4iT4XlW8q5eZUZ+AA==

9-5b. Domestic election monitors were restricted (Reversed coding)

f2537504 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:t9fC6Elx+4o9ZzsXCKjhtw==

9-6. Vote count index (20-100)

f2537504 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:RhZ6KkfhNoWQG4Ubq/fYpw==

9-6i. Vote count index (20-100), imputed

f2537504 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:Ofu2hHMFqZn5cVMDVggfFw==

VOTING RESULTS SECTION

f2537504 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:g49I53lSiUEaJRF4fhMdoQ==

10-1a. Parties/candidates challenged the results (1-5)[N]

f2537504 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:/4Y841Br8r48CfMKtpUFWg==

10-1b. Parties/candidates challenged the results (Reversed coding)

f2537504 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:NAiESnpFFWW02EoRraEpUg==

10-2a. The election led to peaceful protests (1-5)[N]

f2537504 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:NWv3JZOwSN0lyjbkpzop8A==

10-2b. The election led to peaceful protests (Reversed coding)

f2537504 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:8fzZwjRgofRP5C9MHyCoQg==

10-3a. The election triggered violent protests (1-5)[N]

f2537504 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:26qR7OOdjtRU7ke1jAWzTg==

10-3b. The election triggered violent protests (Reversed coding)

f2537504 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:RDHuZBCcQrbqMqZs+rBKVg==

10-4. Any disputes were resolved through legal channels (1-5)[P]

f2537504 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:Ul+Q7ju7Z5XvyZ3pJKWTdQ==

10-5. Results index (25-100)

f2537504 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:6tIJyHuytKOVtjtJklr/mw==

10-5i. Results index (25-100), imputed

f2537504 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:aAHQyL+IvLmM8/BK8YmvYQ==

ELECTORAL AUTHORITIES SECTION

f2537504 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:g49I53lSiUEaJRF4fhMdoQ==

11-1. The election authorities were impartial (1-5)[P]

f2537504 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:iq+NH6vt3zrGN2lwQ0gDsA==

11-2. The authorities distributed information to citizens (1-5)[P]

f2537504 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:o3VVkGngRZgfbW8iz2rOsQ==

11-3. The authorities allowed public scrutiny of their performance (1-5)[P]

f2537504 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:r6yTyBYywKVkqC0tj2JpzA==

11-4. The election authorities performed well (1-5)[P]

f2537504 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:SJKicz3AQfR6gBQoDJyZjA==

11-5. Electoral authorities index (25-100)

f2537504 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:spifv2sCScTZN7eNMoYNUg==

11-5i. Electoral authorities index (25-100), imputed

f2537504 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:mK7ChfA4sqe/QIaPTk9YLw==

GENERAL ELECTION QUESTIONS

f2537504 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:g49I53lSiUEaJRF4fhMdoQ==

13-1. How familiar are you with elections in this country?

f2537504 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:NBQuH9t0G0VLz+KtNKde4w==

13-2. Which election (if more than 1) was most important

f2537504 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:rLXz7gj8oHyTCgmRTYMOFQ==

ORGANIZATIONAL CONFIDENCE SECTION

f2537504 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:g49I53lSiUEaJRF4fhMdoQ==

14-1. Confidence in the courts (1=none - 10=a great deal)

f2537504 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:hhS2/N4zL18otzfk/Zr9Ng==

14-2. Confidence in the government (1=none - 10=a great deal)

f2537504 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:hVK7FBpfFlGmw6xJOl1eBQ==

14-3. Confidence in the parliament (1=none - 10=a great deal)

f2537504 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:n+AgFtI+QWFg2p5VnVZWsQ==

14-4. Confidence in the armed forces (1=none - 10=a great deal)

f2537504 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:5qO76J74lo704x2pJW6Y/g==

14-5. Confidence in the police (1=none - 10=a great deal)

f2537504 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:q4Ct0ADc+zunG9vmyU5zyw==

14-6. Confidence in the elect.authorities (1=none - 10=a great deal)

f2537504 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:ZminZrDYmQ7JEyWmksGqmg==

14-7. Confidence in television (1=none - 10=a great deal)

f2537504 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:cmuNhRQCymaw0wzzefIQkg==

14-8. Confidence in the press (1=none - 10=a great deal)

f2537504 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:ZzQosDJVqqh1b/HKVEjCLQ==

14-9. Confidence in political parties (1=none - 10=a great deal)

f2537504 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:SLGudmv/5b5mDgUYCLb3Jw==

EXPERT BACKGROUND SECTION

f2537504 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:g49I53lSiUEaJRF4fhMdoQ==

International or domestic expert

f2537504 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:+r4oJUk9+DI1da/wSokxVg==

15-1. Employment type

f2537504 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:gkUisnOWg59UGoFku+7lFg==

15-2. Works (or has worked) in the government public sector

f2537504 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:FwnxV8xzjVQHYQRKpP1Qxg==

15-3. Works (or has worked) in a university

f2537504 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:xZVt7Y4Sp3+wORcGMCa/ZQ==

15-4. Works (or has worked) in private non-profit sector/NGOs

f2537504 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:Lg0BfU0oohSQOtzRUabQLg==

15-5. Works (or has worked) in an international agency

f2537504 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:Q57Y/SizYn/JYS4I+aP4/g==

15-6. Works (or has worked) in an private business or industry

f2537504 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:DqQZc2bMRIzmg/9XkHYNnA==

15-7. Most recent occupation

f2537504 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:qqbjd7RcA3yKDLajarn8oA==

15-8. Expert's age group (by decade)

f2537504 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:hP1V/rUeAo7NxDkix8YYyA==

15-9. Sex (1=female; 0=male)

f2537504 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:uEVCdMJI4lsxylHVKqh++g==

15-10. Highest level of education

f2537504 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:NSQv3Q9Sz1SNc9URcpUEoQ==

15-11. Were you born in this country?

f2537504 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:PaAqtqPQCT38DTLJ8v1ARA==

15-12. # years lived in this country

f2537504 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:egL9b7IAZzda+H7z3cLmYw==

15-13. Expert was a candidate for elected office

f2537504 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:XOfuGlBWPBnxaWiC0mP/lA==

15-14. Expert was an elected representative

f2537504 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:dvPpTtFvDfJFK4pn0UUJ5A==

15-15. Expert was an election activist

f2537504 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:gyKpB5e+ujRJCxdbzuQmfg==

15-16. Expert was election NGO watch personnel

f2537504 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:MA7KhIDbvgnPX+urr1CRYg==

15-17. Expert voted in this election

f2537504 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:zosmctEXNVeMmV72lx95FA==

15-18. Expert did not participate in any role in this election

f2537504 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:c5PMVKhqftAbLn3l20f9PA==

15-19. Expert was a national official electoral monitor

f2537504 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:l1+qnridvqyzxvvIZXC1MQ==

15-20. Expert was an election official

f2537504 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:WAR0Mlpn5U60jxChVJVIzQ==

15-21. Expert is a citizen of this country

f2537504 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:bHa5/isJK44XfGbRAbc15Q==

15-22. Support the winning or losing side

f2537504 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:/E0JLooppr9O4rXhwJvH2Q==

15-23. Political views on 10pt left/right scale

f2537504 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:wNo9+yTcNtsMBHn72RJgMg==

VIGNETTES SECTION

f2537504 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:g49I53lSiUEaJRF4fhMdoQ==

16-1. Vignette A (Queues)

f2537504 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:tkIUTco2DjRawUz5HAOYTQ==

16-2. Vignette B (Boycotts)

f2537504 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:tMU9ExvXXWxobFCxb1yzOQ==

16-3. Vignette C (Violence)

f2537504 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:+2sx3OXBNiZDYRo9bzToNw==

ELECTIONRESULT

f2537504 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:g49I53lSiUEaJRF4fhMdoQ==

Date of previous election

f2537504 Location:

Variable Format: character

Notes: UNF:5:rZdtVqw/OHMLosOxZ5pibA==

Registered Voters (mean value if more than one election in year)

f2537504 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:RLkvoDQ4rNm0kebqcexrJg==

Valid Votes(mean value if more than one election in year)

f2537504 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:qUmvtvCRwONqXAtd6C7LvQ==

Invalid/Blank Votes(mean value if more than one election in year)

f2537504 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:cT/AKs92fyk3M9xmZUhAfw==

Turnout (mean value if more than one election in year)

f2537504 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:v7zzigQxTAjjJjS5DwwAwg==

Expert Reference number

f2537454 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:bwsxpf1l2ayOK+eC8y/+pg==

Election country and date

f2537454 Location:

Variable Format: character

Notes: UNF:5:jZufF/DqT/Evs8ru9T+kyQ==

Country name

f2537454 Location:

Variable Format: character

Notes: UNF:5:v04cGlau19TuCyHNKVYVqA==

COW country code

f2537454 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency
56.	St. Lucia	0
31.	Bahamas	0
420.	Gambia	0
600.	Morocco	0
265.	German Democratic Republic	0
41.	Haiti	0
210.	Netherlands	24
380.	Sweden	21
329.	Two Sicilies	0
280.	Mecklenburg Schwerin	0
343.	Macedonia	9
57.	St. Vincent & the Grenadines	0
434.	Benin	0
840.	Philippines	14
70.	Mexico	14
240.	Hanover	0
52.	Trinidad & Tobago	0
373.	Azerbaijan	10
255.	Germany	27
552.	Zimbabwe	13
452.	Ghana	14
100.	Colombia	15
200.	United Kingdom	0
310.	Hungary	16
432.	Mali	11
345.	Serbia	13
404.	Guinea-Bissau	8
781.	Maldives	10
365.	Russia	0
620.	Libya	0
335.	Parma	0
484.	Congo	3
42.	Dominican Republic	0
55.	Grenada	6
94.	Costa Rica	8
260.	German Federal Republic	0
370.	Belarus	7
450.	Liberia	0
223.	Liechtenstein	0
316.	Czech Republic	72
451.	Sierra Leone	2
344.	Croatia	0
130.	Ecuador	13
910.	Papua New Guinea	0
368.	Lithuania	19
615.	Algeria	8
433.	Senegal	0
54.	Dominica	0
482.	Central African Republic	0
331.	San Marino	0
390.	Denmark	0
780.	Sri Lanka	0
232.	Andorra	0
337.	Tuscany	0
349.	Slovenia	18
435.	Mauritania	5
91.	Honduras	5
437.	Cote d'Ivoire	0
732.	Korea, Rep.	8
816.	Vietnam	0
730.	Korea	0
820.	Malaysia	17
110.	Guyana	0
700.	Afghanistan	6
590.	Mauritius	10
986.	Palau	0
660.	Lebanon	0
760.	Bhutan	11
501.	Kenya	9
359.	Moldova	9
95.	Panama	8
679.	Yemen	0
220.	France	0
626.	South Sudan	0
372.	Georgia	17
670.	Saudi Arabia	0
230.	Spain	0
830.	Singapore	0
101.	Venezuela	25
93.	Nicaragua	0
53.	Barbados	3
900.	Australia	16
775.	Myanmar	0
60.	St. Kitts & Nevis	0
375.	Finland	0
490.	Congo, Dem. Rep.	0
740.	Japan	39
835.	Brunei	0
150.	Paraguay	12
225.	Switzerland	0
770.	Pakistan	36
531.	Eritrea	0
385.	Norway	13
58.	Antigua & Barbuda	0
565.	Namibia	7
701.	Turkmenistan	8
663.	Jordan	12
640.	Turkey	12
140.	Brazil	13
366.	Estonia	0
315.	Czechoslovakia	0
702.	Tajikistan	8
731.	North Korea	2
483.	Chad	0
581.	Comoros	0
591.	Seychelles	0
625.	Sudan	0
211.	Belgium	12
403.	Sao Tome & Principe	5
947.	Tuvalu	0
860.	East Timor	0
955.	Tonga	4
651.	Egypt	6
696.	United Arab Emirates	0
267.	Baden	0
920.	New Zealand	13
155.	Chile	19
369.	Ukraine	40
327.	Papal States	0
712.	Mongolia	9
300.	Austria-Hungary	0
553.	Malawi	15
710.	China	0
692.	Bahrain	6
371.	Armenia	11
347.	Kosovo	0
990.	Samoa	0
145.	Bolivia	11
811.	Cambodia	15
630.	Iran	9
950.	Fiji	17
51.	Jamaica	0
40.	Cuba	3
355.	Bulgaria	34
471.	Cameroon	6
551.	Zambia	0
436.	Niger	0
352.	Cyprus	14
269.	Saxony	0
987.	Micronesia	4
705.	Kazakhstan	0
305.	Austria	16
290.	Poland	0
541.	Mozambique	8
165.	Uruguay	16
771.	Bangladesh	16
946.	Kiribati	0
970.	Nauru	0
580.	Madagascar	16
360.	Romania	31
522.	Djibouti	5
332.	Modena	0
800.	Thailand	15
570.	Lesotho	0
395.	Iceland	16
317.	Slovakia	12
704.	Uzbekistan	0
212.	Luxembourg	0
92.	El Salvador	14
560.	South Africa	16
812.	Laos	0
516.	Burundi	0
817.	Vietnam, Rep.	0
135.	Peru	0
530.	Ethiopia	0
20.	Canada	0
645.	Iraq	9
245.	Bavaria	0
983.	Marshall Islands	0
703.	Kyrgyzstan	0
694.	Qatar	0
540.	Angola	11
339.	Albania	19
461.	Togo	4
160.	Argentina	16
666.	Israel	12
350.	Greece	0
652.	Syria	8
2.	United States of America	24
235.	Portugal	0
221.	Monaco	0
935.	Vanuatu	0
115.	Suriname	0
510.	Tanzania	0
411.	Equatorial Guinea	10
690.	Kuwait	15
439.	Burkina Faso	3
438.	Guinea	4
346.	Bosnia & Herzegovina	9
90.	Guatemala	0
850.	Indonesia	26
475.	Nigeria	0
500.	Uganda	0
750.	India	12
713.	Taiwan	0
517.	Rwanda	7
481.	Gabon	0
367.	Latvia	16
572.	Swaziland	7
402.	Cape Verde	0
571.	Botswana	15
790.	Nepal	18
80.	Belize	0
325.	Italy	18
205.	Ireland	0
338.	Malta	10
616.	Tunisia	17
520.	Somalia	0
698.	Oman	0
940.	Solomon Islands	8
341.	Montenegro	11

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:NlMoG38KbJcDBsmUfswOCQ==

Norris country identifier

f2537454 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency
31.	Canada	0
179.	United Arab Emirates	0
11.	Azerbaijan	10
90.	Korea, Republic of	8
26.	Bulgaria	34
164.	Switzerland	0
7.	Argentina	16
107.	Mali	11
37.	Colombia	15
68.	Guatemala	0
117.	Morocco	0
65.	Ghana	14
119.	Myanmar	0
46.	Czech Republic	72
105.	Malaysia	17
160.	Sudan	0
106.	Maldives	10
77.	Indonesia	26
45.	Cyprus	14
36.	China	0
185.	Venezuela	25
157.	Sri Lanka	0
112.	Mexico	14
136.	Philippines	14
183.	Uzbekistan	0
9.	Australia	16
42.	Cote d'Ivoire	0
149.	Sierra Leone	2
58.	Fiji	17
133.	Papua New Guinea	0
126.	Niger	0
101.	Luxembourg	0
17.	Belgium	12
52.	Egypt	6
64.	Germany	27
48.	Djibouti	5
146.	Saudi Arabia	0
41.	Congo, Republic of	3
158.	St. Kitts & Nevis	0
170.	Togo	4
134.	Paraguay	12
171.	Tonga	4
161.	Suriname	0
165.	Syria	8
129.	Oman	0
75.	Iceland	16
92.	Kyrgyzstan	0
87.	Kenya	9
50.	Dominican Republic	0
147.	Senegal	0
81.	Israel	12
56.	Estonia	0
127.	Nigeria	0
40.	Costa Rica	8
175.	Turkmenistan	8
145.	Sao Tome & Principe	5
57.	Ethiopia	0
16.	Belarus	7
144.	San Marino	0
181.	United States of America	24
67.	Grenada	6
128.	Norway	13
43.	Croatia	0
188.	Yemen	0
110.	Mauritania	5
130.	Pakistan	36
4.	Andorra	0
85.	Jordan	12
155.	South Africa	16
74.	Hungary	16
72.	Haiti	0
6.	Antigua & Barbuda	0
97.	Liberia	0
2.	Albania	19
63.	Georgia	17
186.	Vietnam	0
152.	Slovenia	18
93.	Laos	0
91.	Kuwait	15
137.	Poland	0
69.	Guinea Bissau	8
95.	Lebanon	0
19.	Benin	0
18.	Belize	0
177.	Uganda	0
151.	Slovakia	12
173.	Tunisia	17
59.	Finland	0
190.	Zambia	0
82.	Italy	18
1.	Afghanistan	6
53.	El Salvador	14
21.	Bolivia	11
142.	Rwanda	7
71.	Guyana	0
96.	Lesotho	0
115.	Monaco	0
66.	Greece	0
132.	Panama	8
166.	Taiwan	0
54.	Equatorial Guinea	10
28.	Burundi	0
38.	Comoros	0
162.	Swaziland	7
78.	Iran	9
193.	Kosovo	0
76.	India	12
94.	Latvia	16
191.	Zimbabwe	13
124.	New Zealand	13
33.	Central African Republic	0
169.	Thailand	15
44.	Cuba	3
143.	St. Lucia	0
140.	Romania	31
14.	Bangladesh	16
138.	Portugal	0
153.	Solomon Islands	8
156.	Spain	0
22.	Bosnia & Herzegovina	9
187.	Samoa	0
182.	Uruguay	16
131.	Palau	0
120.	Namibia	7
192.	Timor Leste	0
51.	Ecuador	13
189.	Serbia	13
118.	Mozambique	8
80.	Ireland	0
168.	Tanzania	0
99.	Liechenstein	0
35.	Chile	19
83.	Jamaica	0
180.	United Kingdom	0
98.	Libya	0
167.	Tajikistan	8
47.	Denmark	0
13.	Bahrain	6
79.	Iraq	9
61.	Gabon	0
141.	Russia	0
32.	Cape Verde	0
30.	Cameroon	6
3.	Algeria	8
88.	Kiribati	0
24.	Brazil	13
89.	Korea, DPR	2
62.	Gambia	0
116.	Mongolia	9
39.	Congo, Democratic Republic of	0
178.	Ukraine	40
111.	Mauritius	10
104.	Malawi	15
122.	Nepal	18
10.	Austria	16
176.	Tuvalu	0
125.	Nicaragua	0
184.	Vanuatu	0
60.	France	0
108.	Malta	10
55.	Eritrea	0
23.	Botswana	15
139.	Qatar	0
163.	Sweden	21
12.	Bahamas	0
150.	Singapore	0
8.	Armenia	11
114.	Moldova	9
174.	Turkey	12
103.	Madagascar	16
194.	Montenegro	11
73.	Honduras	5
27.	Burkina Faso	3
49.	Dominica	0
123.	Netherlands	24
25.	Brunei Darussalam	0
121.	Nauru	0
154.	Somalia	0
20.	Bhutan	11
172.	Trinidad and Tobago	0
15.	Barbados	3
109.	Marshall Islands	0
70.	Guinea	4
29.	Cambodia	15
5.	Angola	11
148.	Seychelles	0
159.	St. Vincent& Grenadine	0
135.	Peru	0
84.	Japan	39
86.	Kazakhstan	0
113.	Micronesia	4
102.	Macedonia	9
100.	Lithuania	19
34.	Chad	0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:ASgIg+qNKVLURRfWPuky3g==

Year

f2537454 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:w+N3wZeMERo/p5UVAKH9Gg==

Date of the election

f2537454 Location:

Variable Format: character

Notes: UNF:5:j8K61CE732vAqz1OsuZE4A==

Elected office: Pres.=1, 0 otherwise

f2537454 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:LAdfC5f+ATtO2TLKwmXvlg==

COUNTRY DATA

f2537454 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:MgueqfgRLJA/pprVu3EGzg==

Freedom House Political Rights Scale, 1yr. lag

f2537454 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:kZpV+o4zL4C0NP7MRrE0cw==

Freedom House Civil Liberties Scale, 1yr. lag

f2537454 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:qF6Xo6Q0NDCGmphu9u1rfw==

Freedom House Score (Free,Partially Free, Not Free), 1yr. lag

f2537454 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency
2.	Free	724
1.	Partially Free	502
0.	Not Free	203

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:xmCmJ3g5jDNOWl2nSTG72A==

Polity combined score (-10->+10), 1 year lag

f2537454 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:diBpPJjnPpF7S0uvLe1chQ==

Polity combined score with mean subst for missing codes, 1 year lag

f2537454 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:ntIU41xAk9EWFoBb6eSYmw==

# years since the last regime transition (3pt or greater), 1 year lag

f2537454 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:0ZSdKECBFfpORlSgSWuCcQ==

World Bank income level (Low, lower-middle, upper-middle, high)

f2537454 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency
2.	Lower-middle income	343
4.	High income	436
3.	Upper-middle income	480
1.	Low income	170

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:lSTrL4RiaO2Uk9O5bRuoUQ==

GDP per capita on purchasing power parity 2011

f2537454 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:72sL0w5DBWS3NgKjiphOiw==

Geographic region (World Bank classification, 1-9)

f2537454 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency
9.	Americas	225
8.	North Africa	31
3.	East Asia & Pacific	207
1.	East & Southern Africa	139
4.	South Asia	109
6.	Western Europe	183
7.	Middle East	71
5.	Eastern Europe	389
2.	West & Central Africa	75

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:NBkPb771ABy9GoQb9Y1yEQ==

OECD country (0/1)

f2537454 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency	Text
0.	non-OECD	1027
1.	OECD	402

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:bFuexRPmfiJQdJWFqRjBYw==

OVERALL INTEGRITY RATING

f2537454 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:MgueqfgRLJA/pprVu3EGzg==

Rate electoral integrity of the election (1=very poor->10=very good

f2537454 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:WPav1HTElF02xICeII2RTg==

PEI index of electoral integrity, individual

f2537454 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:s5b2UrDr1IciyOr/p3rLlg==

PEI index of electoral integrity, imputed

f2537454 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:7Lz44eGB4mjDZEA+Tm7UVg==

ELECTORAL LAWS SECTION

f2537454 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:MgueqfgRLJA/pprVu3EGzg==

1-1a. Electoral laws were unfair to smaller parties (1-5)[N]

f2537454 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency
2.	Disagree	431
1.	Strongly Disagree	221
2147483635.	Not Applicable	0
2147483625.	Don't know	0
5.	Strongly Agree	188
4.	Agree	321
3.	Neither agree nor disagree	181

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:CJ101C5UIVGIEctqHygMxg==

1-1b. Electoral laws were unfair to smaller parties (Reversed coding)

f2537454 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency
3.	Neither agree nor disagree	181
4.	Disagree	431
2.	Agree	321
5.	Strongly Disagree	221
2147483625.	Don't know	0
2147483635.	Not Applicable	0
1.	Strongly Agree	188

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:a35TiyAQkGK/BjdOCtXrmA==

1-2a. Electoral laws favored the governing party or parties (1-5)[N]

f2537454 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency
5.	Strongly Agree	237
2.	Disagree	404
2147483625.	Don't know	0
1.	Strongly Disagree	284
3.	Neither agree nor disagree	167
4.	Agree	276
2147483635.	Not Applicable	0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:OjshFfVqvmxibPQKZULdeg==

1-2b. Electoral laws favored the governing party or parties (Reversed coding)

f2537454 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency
2.	Agree	276
5.	Strongly Disagree	284
2147483635.	Not Applicable	0
2147483625.	Don't know	0
1.	Strongly Agree	237
4.	Disagree	404
3.	Neither agree nor disagree	167

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:Ln5zd5K59BAkefomWYxLrQ==

1-3a. Elections laws restricted citizens' rights (1-5)[N]

f2537454 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency
1.	Strongly Disagree	446
2.	Disagree	482
4.	Agree	215
3.	Neither agree nor disagree	140
2147483635.	Not Applicable	0
2147483625.	Don't know	0
5.	Strongly Agree	123

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:tw3AwmPTGK3JAxAFlQynEw==

1-3b. Elections laws restricted citizens' rights (Reversed coding)

f2537454 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency
4.	Disagree	482
2147483635.	Not Applicable	0
5.	Strongly Disagree	446
2147483625.	Don't know	0
3.	Neither agree nor disagree	140
2.	Agree	215
1.	Strongly Agree	123

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:Ki7/KnBprqtGXxdpo/ezzw==

1-4. Electoral laws index (20-100)

f2537454 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:JydITgWt78KMknsrd2TClg==

1-4i. Electoral laws index (20-100), imputed

f2537454 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:FsZLY/wQ+UgXIyErRy9q0w==

ELECTORAL PROCEDURES SECTION

f2537454 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:MgueqfgRLJA/pprVu3EGzg==

2-1. Elections were well managed (1-5)[P]

f2537454 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency
3.	Neither agree nor disagree	131
5.	Strongly Agree	377
2.	Disagree	237
1.	Strongly Disagree	119
4.	Agree	542
2147483635.	Not Applicable	0
2147483625.	Don't know	0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:wHesccUrsmYBVkSPh6d8uw==

2-2. Information about voting procedures was widely available (1-5)[P]

f2537454 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency
5.	Strongly Agree	471
4.	Agree	596
1.	Strongly Disagree	56
3.	Neither agree nor disagree	116
2147483635.	Not Applicable	0
2147483625.	Don't know	0
2.	Disagree	146

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:E59p8Vg8Udv58+eUQ+5liA==

2-3. Election officials were fair (1-5)[P]

f2537454 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency
5.	Strongly Agree	417
3.	Neither agree nor disagree	159
1.	Strongly Disagree	117
2147483635.	Not Applicable	0
4.	Agree	475
2.	Disagree	197
2147483625.	Don't know	0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:u29XuvD03aVk21tfq8A4JQ==

2-4. Elections were conducted in accordance with the law (1-5)[P]

f2537454 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency
2147483635.	Not Applicable	0
4.	Agree	549
5.	Strongly Agree	479
3.	Neither agree nor disagree	130
2.	Disagree	157
1.	Strongly Disagree	89
2147483625.	Don't know	0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:N1KQnzuQuvkt/ZBP7N44+w==

2-5. Electoral procedures index (25-100)

f2537454 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:xpCy9GMWlApsof5QhSv4Dw==

2-5i. Electoral procedures index (25-100), imputed

f2537454 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:KbKFkaMieAiT+oaMPGOHoA==

BOUNDARIES FOR VOTING DISTRICTS SECTION

f2537454 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:MgueqfgRLJA/pprVu3EGzg==

3-1a. Boundaries discriminated against some parties (1-5)[N]

f2537454 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency
2147483635.	Not Applicable	0
4.	Agree	214
2147483625.	Don't know	0
1.	Strongly Disagree	163
3.	Neither agree nor disagree	155
5.	Strongly Agree	125
2.	Disagree	289

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:KL7txes+etOIoW/nKXCiAw==

3-1b. Boundaries discriminated against some parties (Reversed coding)

f2537454 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency
2.	Agree	214
3.	Neither agree nor disagree	155
2147483635.	Not Applicable	0
1.	Strongly Agree	125
5.	Strongly Disagree	163
2147483625.	Don't know	0
4.	Disagree	289

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:65oRsEDrRISiJHOpQkrkAA==

3-2a. Boundaries favored incumbents (1-5)[N]

f2537454 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency
3.	Neither agree nor disagree	182
5.	Strongly Agree	116
1.	Strongly Disagree	175
2.	Disagree	279
2147483625.	Don't know	0
4.	Agree	194
2147483635.	Not Applicable	0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:K2+hHi82QRYy5Tjp4l0jgg==

3-2b. Boundaries favored incumbents (Reversed coding)

f2537454 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency
3.	Neither agree nor disagree	182
1.	Strongly Agree	116
2147483625.	Don't know	0
4.	Disagree	279
5.	Strongly Disagree	175
2147483635.	Not Applicable	0
2.	Agree	194

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:7wrlrC3EBgoYlbht8wgcUg==

3-3. Boundaries were impartial (1-5)[P]

f2537454 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency
5.	Strongly Agree	148
3.	Neither agree nor disagree	192
2147483625.	Don't know	0
2147483635.	Not Applicable	0
2.	Disagree	229
4.	Agree	275
1.	Strongly Disagree	129

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:hYlRl03cILH44TR4sfPsXw==

3-4. Voting district boundaries index (20-100)

f2537454 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:hftPrsJ5HdNGbYarS4vQxA==

3-4i. Voting district boundaries index (20-100), imputed

f2537454 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:b1QXbB+3E9sEhmL3Zb9TKQ==

VOTER REGISTRATION SECTION

f2537454 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:MgueqfgRLJA/pprVu3EGzg==

4-1a. Some citizens were not listed in the register (1-5)[N]

f2537454 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency
2.	Disagree	278
1.	Strongly Disagree	217
5.	Strongly Agree	180
2147483635.	Not Applicable	0
2147483625.	Don't know	0
4.	Agree	394
3.	Neither agree nor disagree	114

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:iDnzKXBtmulUgu8E4e1cbA==

4-1b. Some citizens were not listed in the register (Reversed coding)

f2537454 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency
5.	Strongly Disagree	217
1.	Strongly Agree	180
2.	Agree	394
4.	Disagree	278
3.	Neither agree nor disagree	114
2147483625.	Don't know	0
2147483635.	Not Applicable	0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:J+MXnkIHcxN8cGvmJb4lLw==

4-2a. The electoral register was inaccurate (1-5)[N]

f2537454 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency
5.	Strongly Agree	155
1.	Strongly Disagree	247
4.	Agree	278
3.	Neither agree nor disagree	154
2.	Disagree	384
2147483625.	Don't know	0
2147483635.	Not Applicable	0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:V9HRkDjelfxI52bxRTqGYw==

4-2b. The electoral register was inaccurate (Reversed coding)

f2537454 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency
2.	Agree	278
1.	Strongly Agree	155
4.	Disagree	384
5.	Strongly Disagree	247
2147483635.	Not Applicable	0
2147483625.	Don't know	0
3.	Neither agree nor disagree	154

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:SYGgo6uHJ9cU+6wdDE5Ysg==

4-3a. Some ineligible electors were registered (1-5)[N]

f2537454 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency
4.	Agree	234
2147483625.	Don't know	0
1.	Strongly Disagree	240
5.	Strongly Agree	109
3.	Neither agree nor disagree	151
2.	Disagree	324
2147483635.	Not Applicable	0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:2KYnu/EPk4h2zoRcIO4omg==

4-3b. Some ineligible electors were registered (Reversed coding)

f2537454 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency
2147483625.	Don't know	0
2.	Agree	234
1.	Strongly Agree	109
3.	Neither agree nor disagree	151
5.	Strongly Disagree	240
4.	Disagree	324
2147483635.	Not Applicable	0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:ikFal8N2MU+10wYKapjicQ==

4-4. Voter registration index (20-100)

f2537454 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:NSSkNG93GpzuzEI8Ik04FA==

4-4i. Voter registration index (20-100), imputed

f2537454 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:10rjDa4GebiP613vSeWOmA==

PARTY AND CANDIDATE REGISTRATION SECTION

f2537454 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:MgueqfgRLJA/pprVu3EGzg==

5-1a. Some opposition candidates were prevented from running (1-5)[N]

f2537454 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency
2147483625.	Don't know	0
2.	Disagree	490
2147483635.	Not Applicable	0
1.	Strongly Disagree	491
5.	Strongly Agree	131
3.	Neither agree nor disagree	70
4.	Agree	177

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:/UNlEnWX0ZTG0hciMUfAlQ==

5-1b. Some opposition candidates were prevented from running (Reversed coding)

f2537454 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency
2147483625.	Don't know	0
3.	Neither agree nor disagree	70
4.	Disagree	490
2.	Agree	177
5.	Strongly Disagree	491
1.	Strongly Agree	131
2147483635.	Not Applicable	0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:WyBuVKyHIbsuJL5ZQAi+6w==

5-2. Women had equal opportunities to run for office (1-5)[P]

f2537454 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency
5.	Strongly Agree	352
3.	Neither agree nor disagree	162
2147483635.	Not Applicable	0
2147483625.	Don't know	0
2.	Disagree	275
4.	Agree	516
1.	Strongly Disagree	91

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:+z10A5pvNI3Tfm0s0d2U7g==

5-3. Ethnic and national minorities had equal opportunities to run for office (1

f2537454 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency
4.	Agree	510
2147483625.	Don't know	0
5.	Strongly Agree	290
1.	Strongly Disagree	101
2147483635.	Not Applicable	0
2.	Disagree	282
3.	Neither agree nor disagree	164

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:A2j6r8tavW6aSusf241JhA==

5-4a. Only top party leaders selected candidates (1-5)[N]

f2537454 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency
1.	Strongly Disagree	144
5.	Strongly Agree	220
2147483635.	Not Applicable	0
4.	Agree	368
3.	Neither agree nor disagree	216
2147483625.	Don't know	0
2.	Disagree	378

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:IL60UUu54W/HFIGYo8iTBA==

5-4b. Only top party leaders selected candidates (Reversed coding)

f2537454 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency
5.	Strongly Disagree	144
1.	Strongly Agree	220
2147483625.	Don't know	0
2.	Agree	368
3.	Neither agree nor disagree	216
2147483635.	Not Applicable	0
4.	Disagree	378

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:+uAhZ5ZR9XqAMd7jtfWjwQ==

5-5a. Some parties/candidates were restricted from holding campaign rallies (1-5

f2537454 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency
2147483635.	Not Applicable	0
3.	Neither agree nor disagree	129
2.	Disagree	459
2147483625.	Don't know	0
1.	Strongly Disagree	377
4.	Agree	245
5.	Strongly Agree	122

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:w9p+0bGojPLOrE6PvSTMnw==

5-5b. Some parties/candidates were restricted from holding campaign rallies (Rev

f2537454 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency
2147483625.	Don't know	0
5.	Strongly Disagree	377
2.	Agree	245
2147483635.	Not Applicable	0
3.	Neither agree nor disagree	129
1.	Strongly Agree	122
4.	Disagree	459

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:cCy4norMsocRkfaD4YZZqA==

5-6. Party and candidate registration index (20-100)

f2537454 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:SmHYCwFehYiddL6LwLB3yg==

5-6i. Party and candidate registration index (20-100), imputed

f2537454 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:RendYyVFH0q0heSWZsOFlQ==

MEDIA COVERAGE SECTION

f2537454 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:MgueqfgRLJA/pprVu3EGzg==

6-1. Newspapers provided balanced election news (1-5)[P]

f2537454 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency
5.	Strongly Agree	71
2.	Disagree	452
2147483625.	Don't know	0
2147483635.	Not Applicable	0
1.	Strongly Disagree	252
4.	Agree	411
3.	Neither agree nor disagree	213

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:M7FbOWLTV+BFBa7VFoOL6A==

6-2a. TV news favored the governing party (1-5)[N]

f2537454 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency
1.	Strongly Disagree	144
2147483635.	Not Applicable	0
2147483625.	Don't know	0
3.	Neither agree nor disagree	203
5.	Strongly Agree	249
4.	Agree	295
2.	Disagree	457

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:XM0u1tSzpWNzlQYdd3WXOw==

6-2b. TV news favored the governing party (Reversed coding)

f2537454 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency
2.	Agree	295
3.	Neither agree nor disagree	203
2147483635.	Not Applicable	0
2147483625.	Don't know	0
5.	Strongly Disagree	144
1.	Strongly Agree	249
4.	Disagree	457

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:COy8Df4/ahm1e58VGXtOQA==

6-3. Parties/candidates had fair access to political broadcasts and advertising

f2537454 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency
2147483635.	Not Applicable	0
5.	Strongly Agree	119
1.	Strongly Disagree	209
3.	Neither agree nor disagree	183
2.	Disagree	372
2147483625.	Don't know	0
4.	Agree	493

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:SMWxPTJFABbI0PIaAZOpqQ==

6-4. Journalists provided fair coverage of the elections (1-5)[P]

f2537454 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency
2.	Disagree	383
2147483625.	Don't know	0
2147483635.	Not Applicable	0
1.	Strongly Disagree	166
5.	Strongly Agree	82
4.	Agree	465
3.	Neither agree nor disagree	295

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:Yhngb8VeJbzSIEeFS66V4Q==

6-5. Social media were used to expose electoral fraud (1-5)[P]

f2537454 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency
2147483625.	Don't know	0
1.	Strongly Disagree	86
3.	Neither agree nor disagree	235
2.	Disagree	165
5.	Strongly Agree	132
4.	Agree	486
2147483635.	Not Applicable	0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:JJA6OwhORYP2IPsIC6FbiA==

6-6. Media coverage index (20-100)

f2537454 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:EQZh5aNgv4hCznfd3S5M4Q==

6-6i. Media coverage index (20-100), imputed

f2537454 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:IkFVSSgpD/oGnsg4TtnZFA==

CAMPAIGN FINANCE SECTION

f2537454 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:MgueqfgRLJA/pprVu3EGzg==

7-1. Parties/candidates had equitable access to public political subsidies(1-5)[

f2537454 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency
2147483625.	Don't know	0
5.	Strongly Agree	97
1.	Strongly Disagree	183
4.	Agree	409
2.	Disagree	343
2147483635.	Not Applicable	0
3.	Neither agree nor disagree	144

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:lX2AZ1rONas7//oEkeIRuw==

7-2. Parties/candidates had equitable access to political donations(1-5)[P]

f2537454 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency
1.	Strongly Disagree	235
3.	Neither agree nor disagree	161
2147483625.	Don't know	0
2.	Disagree	460
2147483635.	Not Applicable	0
5.	Strongly Agree	63
4.	Agree	280

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:mBC8ZmYtn8azpDlgTDpgRA==

7-3. Parties/candidates publish transparent financial accounts(1-5)[P]

f2537454 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency
2.	Disagree	524
1.	Strongly Disagree	415
2147483635.	Not Applicable	0
2147483625.	Don't know	0
5.	Strongly Agree	38
4.	Agree	152
3.	Neither agree nor disagree	153

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:H09vkLh8ekJJio2O2xzr6A==

7-4a. Rich people buy elections (1-5)[N]

f2537454 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency
2147483625.	Don't know	0
1.	Strongly Disagree	176
2147483635.	Not Applicable	0
2.	Disagree	297
5.	Strongly Agree	215
3.	Neither agree nor disagree	298
4.	Agree	363

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:z5nsM+7x0I73e/XwUEM/Nw==

7-4b. Rich people buy elections (Reversed coding)

f2537454 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency
1.	Strongly Agree	215
4.	Disagree	297
2147483635.	Not Applicable	0
5.	Strongly Disagree	176
3.	Neither agree nor disagree	298
2147483625.	Don't know	0
2.	Agree	363

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:J04wlbE+YvNj/Ql8BalbdA==

7-5a. Some state resources were improperly used for campaigning (1-5)[N]

f2537454 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency
1.	Strongly Disagree	129
3.	Neither agree nor disagree	176
5.	Strongly Agree	330
4.	Agree	421
2147483635.	Not Applicable	0
2.	Disagree	202
2147483625.	Don't know	0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:eZDAVqsWd+QiBV5KrULJrA==

7-5b. Some state resources were improperly used for campaigning (Reversed coding

f2537454 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency
4.	Disagree	202
2147483635.	Not Applicable	0
5.	Strongly Disagree	129
1.	Strongly Agree	330
3.	Neither agree nor disagree	176
2.	Agree	421
2147483625.	Don't know	0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:oqe5fRzszhup0FVHaCTwdg==

7-6. Campaign finance index (20-100)

f2537454 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:NNvkAUYyMgSuRwFd5THsfA==

7-6i. Campaign finance index (20-100), imputed

f2537454 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:UCxB0mhttC0OQ3AOtwr/jA==

VOTING PROCESS SECTION

f2537454 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:MgueqfgRLJA/pprVu3EGzg==

8-1a. Some voters were threatened with violence at the polls(1-5)[N]

f2537454 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency
2147483625.	Don't know	0
2147483635.	Not Applicable	0
5.	Strongly Agree	99
1.	Strongly Disagree	464
4.	Agree	224
2.	Disagree	437
3.	Neither agree nor disagree	87

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:CDc06R29o7yeD3cjBXkz7A==

8-1b. Some voters were threatened with violence at the polls (Reversed coding)

f2537454 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency
2147483635.	Not Applicable	0
2147483625.	Don't know	0
3.	Neither agree nor disagree	87
5.	Strongly Disagree	464
2.	Agree	224
1.	Strongly Agree	99
4.	Disagree	437

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:oGIL41O7MII5WMF3ZokJJQ==

8-2a. Some fraudulent votes were cast (1-5)[N]

f2537454 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency
2.	Disagree	266
4.	Agree	334
3.	Neither agree nor disagree	167
2147483625.	Don't know	0
2147483635.	Not Applicable	0
1.	Strongly Disagree	274
5.	Strongly Agree	157

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:wNUo1aXZ8/t29uN5K825qQ==

8-2b. Some fraudulent votes were cast (Reversed coding)

f2537454 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency
4.	Disagree	266
5.	Strongly Disagree	274
2.	Agree	334
3.	Neither agree nor disagree	167
2147483625.	Don't know	0
2147483635.	Not Applicable	0
1.	Strongly Agree	157

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:Vq4ywaD+TZE6EuHliBQ9xQ==

8-3. The process of voting was easy (1-1)[Y]

f2537454 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency
2.	Disagree	157
1.	Strongly Disagree	39
2147483625.	Don't know	0
5.	Strongly Agree	418
3.	Neither agree nor disagree	115
2147483635.	Not Applicable	0
4.	Agree	665

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:EnrmZtQaF0WKxteG3G6rYw==

8-4. Voters were offered a genuine choice at the ballot box (1-5)[P]

f2537454 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency
3.	Neither agree nor disagree	128
2147483635.	Not Applicable	0
4.	Agree	584
2.	Disagree	132
1.	Strongly Disagree	98
5.	Strongly Agree	460
2147483625.	Don't know	0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:GNCJT+j+pIUfWjRujYeq5Q==

8-5. Postal ballots were available (1-5)[P]

f2537454 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency
2147483625.	Don't know	0
3.	Neither agree nor disagree	64
5.	Strongly Agree	212
4.	Agree	282
1.	Strongly Disagree	245
2.	Disagree	175
2147483635.	Not Applicable	0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:LEWZAdZDTHM/1fcZOcHg7w==

8-6. Special voting facilities were available for the disabled (1-5)[P]

f2537454 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency
2147483625.	Don't know	0
5.	Strongly Agree	195
2147483635.	Not Applicable	0
3.	Neither agree nor disagree	130
2.	Disagree	186
1.	Strongly Disagree	97
4.	Agree	395

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:zM9sJSWs006sabpMkLX/8A==

8-7. National citizens living abroad could vote (1-5)[P]

f2537454 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency
2147483635.	Not Applicable	0
2.	Disagree	136
1.	Strongly Disagree	174
2147483625.	Don't know	0
4.	Agree	515
3.	Neither agree nor disagree	76
5.	Strongly Agree	357

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:xtF0+iFgTS3o6OPLkrZNcw==

8-8. Some form of internet voting was available (1-5)[P]

f2537454 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency
4.	Agree	20
5.	Strongly Agree	13
2147483635.	Not Applicable	0
2.	Disagree	286
1.	Strongly Disagree	642
2147483625.	Don't know	0
3.	Neither agree nor disagree	40

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:ln0N0XtGi6W+A/PKGcWlPQ==

8-9. Voting process index (20-100)

f2537454 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:ig1WTtVPYu8Mad2PiOVswQ==

8-9i. Voting process index (20-100), imputed

f2537454 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:17EOxRXU1Av16a6L9Ksrag==

THE VOTE COUNT SECTION

f2537454 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:MgueqfgRLJA/pprVu3EGzg==

9-1. Ballot boxes were secure (1-5)[P]

f2537454 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency
1.	Strongly Disagree	66
3.	Neither agree nor disagree	126
5.	Strongly Agree	419
4.	Agree	539
2147483635.	Not Applicable	0
2.	Disagree	145
2147483625.	Don't know	0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:yx3JtU32vxqZaiBP1RxSfA==

9-2. The results were announced without undue delay (1-5)[P]

f2537454 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency
1.	Strongly Disagree	105
5.	Strongly Agree	520
2147483625.	Don't know	0
2.	Disagree	145
2147483635.	Not Applicable	0
4.	Agree	581
3.	Neither agree nor disagree	54

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:UcvQ7ws48s6R3h8Jic1EaA==

9-3. Votes were counted fairly (1-5)[P]

f2537454 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency
3.	Neither agree nor disagree	138
4.	Agree	517
2147483635.	Not Applicable	0
2.	Disagree	121
2147483625.	Don't know	0
1.	Strongly Disagree	92
5.	Strongly Agree	443

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:Wme9tX5zjk38E7l6ufyrxg==

9-4a. Int'l election monitors were restricted (1-5)[N]

f2537454 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency
3.	Neither agree nor disagree	108
2147483635.	Not Applicable	0
1.	Strongly Disagree	456
2.	Disagree	454
5.	Strongly Agree	64
4.	Agree	94
2147483625.	Don't know	0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:XtBZZmx6Jxpv5jUnCPeF9Q==

9-4b. Int'l election monitors were restricted (Reversed coding)

f2537454 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency
2147483635.	Not Applicable	0
5.	Strongly Disagree	456
2147483625.	Don't know	0
2.	Agree	94
1.	Strongly Agree	64
4.	Disagree	454
3.	Neither agree nor disagree	108

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:g3UPJTyMM89yvyW77X6Knw==

9-5a. Domestic election monitors were restricted (1-5)[N]

f2537454 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency
2147483635.	Not Applicable	0
2147483625.	Don't know	0
5.	Strongly Agree	70
3.	Neither agree nor disagree	123
1.	Strongly Disagree	463
2.	Disagree	478
4.	Agree	108

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:gubv3VCPZQbWb4B2DaWQLA==

9-5b. Domestic election monitors were restricted (Reversed coding)

f2537454 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency
2147483625.	Don't know	0
1.	Strongly Agree	70
4.	Disagree	478
2147483635.	Not Applicable	0
3.	Neither agree nor disagree	123
2.	Agree	108
5.	Strongly Disagree	463

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:AMMbO/h/cffADAm2siUhBQ==

9-6. Vote count index (20-100)

f2537454 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:Ftaz136uxPYxwt/9d0clVQ==

9-6i. Vote count index (20-100), imputed

f2537454 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:G5aDJFqmi+XycmoDmE1dmw==

VOTING RESULTS SECTION

f2537454 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:MgueqfgRLJA/pprVu3EGzg==

10-1a. Parties/candidates challenged the results (1-5)[N]

f2537454 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency
2147483635.	Not Applicable	0
3.	Neither agree nor disagree	79
1.	Strongly Disagree	326
4.	Agree	406
2.	Disagree	344
2147483625.	Don't know	0
5.	Strongly Agree	199

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:Bq8EptbpYsvZEEp36JdOqg==

10-1b. Parties/candidates challenged the results (Reversed coding)

f2537454 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency
3.	Neither agree nor disagree	79
2147483635.	Not Applicable	0
2.	Agree	406
1.	Strongly Agree	199
4.	Disagree	344
2147483625.	Don't know	0
5.	Strongly Disagree	326

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:fy1z9cjde0vwfrCwJRfLYQ==

10-2a. The election led to peaceful protests (1-5)[N]

f2537454 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency
2.	Disagree	435
4.	Agree	294
2147483625.	Don't know	0
5.	Strongly Agree	96
1.	Strongly Disagree	385
3.	Neither agree nor disagree	107
2147483635.	Not Applicable	0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:DDg/rH+w8pSSs6J67xTjGw==

10-2b. The election led to peaceful protests (Reversed coding)

f2537454 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency
4.	Disagree	435
2147483635.	Not Applicable	0
5.	Strongly Disagree	385
2147483625.	Don't know	0
3.	Neither agree nor disagree	107
2.	Agree	294
1.	Strongly Agree	96

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:fSX8FEdvqN6IzvtQ3T2Nuw==

10-3a. The election triggered violent protests (1-5)[N]

f2537454 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency
4.	Agree	83
2147483625.	Don't know	0
1.	Strongly Disagree	703
2.	Disagree	440
3.	Neither agree nor disagree	70
5.	Strongly Agree	43
2147483635.	Not Applicable	0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:0I+A2V+19bIaTvIwR/lgJQ==

10-3b. The election triggered violent protests (Reversed coding)

f2537454 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency
5.	Strongly Disagree	703
2147483635.	Not Applicable	0
1.	Strongly Agree	43
2.	Agree	83
4.	Disagree	440
2147483625.	Don't know	0
3.	Neither agree nor disagree	70

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:3m1+KQBuo5V4Az8LgLrn4Q==

10-4. Any disputes were resolved through legal channels (1-5)[P]

f2537454 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency
4.	Agree	481
5.	Strongly Agree	258
2147483625.	Don't know	0
3.	Neither agree nor disagree	157
2147483635.	Not Applicable	0
1.	Strongly Disagree	96
2.	Disagree	145

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:f8iEfwTa8qW6mXu4Z4KZbQ==

10-5. Results index (25-100)

f2537454 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:yzod88fD6Zf8T8niXr6Ghg==

10-5i. Results index (25-100), imputed

f2537454 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:Uyx8f/x2Lp788MAFmu/kwA==

ELECTORAL AUTHORITIES SECTION

f2537454 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:MgueqfgRLJA/pprVu3EGzg==

11-1. The election authorities were impartial (1-5)[P]

f2537454 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency
5.	Strongly Agree	339
2.	Disagree	226
4.	Agree	469
2147483625.	Don't know	0
1.	Strongly Disagree	180
2147483635.	Not Applicable	0
3.	Neither agree nor disagree	165

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:3jtmsOIatVQVCzI+Qg1rrg==

11-2. The authorities distributed information to citizens (1-5)[P]

f2537454 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency
2147483635.	Not Applicable	0
5.	Strongly Agree	370
4.	Agree	725
3.	Neither agree nor disagree	112
2147483625.	Don't know	0
2.	Disagree	114
1.	Strongly Disagree	51

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:1gcbarm/WcOHpIERqbKmkg==

11-3. The authorities allowed public scrutiny of their performance (1-5)[P]

f2537454 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency
3.	Neither agree nor disagree	223
2.	Disagree	218
2147483635.	Not Applicable	0
1.	Strongly Disagree	119
2147483625.	Don't know	0
5.	Strongly Agree	244
4.	Agree	520

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:l4LMqX3eE4blWX+ogaiVFg==

11-4. The election authorities performed well (1-5)[P]

f2537454 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency
1.	Strongly Disagree	131
3.	Neither agree nor disagree	203
5.	Strongly Agree	314
4.	Agree	541
2147483625.	Don't know	0
2147483635.	Not Applicable	0
2.	Disagree	198

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:JKD1zIzRgtzmqHOap8Gqvg==

11-5. Electoral authorities index (25-100)

f2537454 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:epKX4pX2XROI8qTlGCuFZg==

11-5i. Electoral authorities index (25-100), imputed

f2537454 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:DZR/7o23fWJSsN/e8LRK9Q==

GENERAL ELECTION QUESTIONS

f2537454 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:MgueqfgRLJA/pprVu3EGzg==

13-1. How familiar are you with elections in this country?

f2537454 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:64PDVNGnJlNGRYorOGaxSg==

13-2. Which election (if more than 1) was most important

f2537454 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency
1.	Pres	486
4.	Upper & Lower House	28
5.	Exec. & Leg.	43
3.	Upper House	44
6.	Local	27
7.	Regional	12
2.	Lower House	535
8.	Other combination	59

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:jGdLTJIDwBBGXzCBfn28EA==

ORGANIZATIONAL CONFIDENCE SECTION

f2537454 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:MgueqfgRLJA/pprVu3EGzg==

14-1. Confidence in the courts (1=none - 10=a great deal)

f2537454 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:A13j55W7bfpmD18HgJrGSg==

14-2. Confidence in the government (1=none - 10=a great deal)

f2537454 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:H0QYE/rsCre61kfKERqnrw==

14-3. Confidence in the parliament (1=none - 10=a great deal)

f2537454 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:mUvD64szTKMhFGVZJGWoLw==

14-4. Confidence in the armed forces (1=none - 10=a great deal)

f2537454 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:NOLldkkfqrCECk4NvMKlCw==

14-5. Confidence in the police (1=none - 10=a great deal)

f2537454 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:vfxGnuzWhgvHhZeumjjBkQ==

14-6. Confidence in the elect.authorities (1=none - 10=a great deal)

f2537454 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:JvseO4z3CtndjyV3/h5/9Q==

14-7. Confidence in television (1=none - 10=a great deal)

f2537454 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:zQnNSNjBWpU6YPA7pnGVMA==

14-8. Confidence in the press (1=none - 10=a great deal)

f2537454 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:/m8U8J5u3KYLuOOaO/9TtQ==

14-9. Confidence in political parties (1=none - 10=a great deal)

f2537454 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:Hh0IWOQMBtEyy4vIQGLlJw==

EXPERT BACKGROUND SECTION

f2537454 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:MgueqfgRLJA/pprVu3EGzg==

15-0. International or domestic expert

f2537454 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency	Text
0.	international	643
1.	domestic	786

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:s0e5L5M5RSlzwx3ulH036w==

15-1. Employment type

f2537454 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency
3.	3Fulltime	1131
1.	1Unemployed	52
2.	2Parttime	69

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:MMqNOuBd0WbWrOTau/6bvA==

15-2. Works (or has worked) in the government public sector

f2537454 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency	Text
1.	Yes	185
0.	No	1244

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:Iq//cVCWUhVpsXk8li+x3g==

15-3. Works (or has worked) in a university

f2537454 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency	Text
1.	Yes	1217
0.	No	212

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:wGwZ3jmyOdrIXKMLuhEMfg==

15-4. Works (or has worked) in private non-profit sector/NGOs

f2537454 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency	Text
1.	Yes	209
0.	No	1220

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:OYRC5TzouDicXsMqBSSXgQ==

15-5. Works (or has worked) in an international agency

f2537454 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency	Text
1.	Yes	93
0.	No	1336

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:8XWfvyGgHsMUuzQSuksIPQ==

15-6. Works (or has worked) in an private business or industry

f2537454 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency	Text
0.	No	1347
1.	Yes	82

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:DsOErEU0HUKkAGPUefulOg==

15-7. Most recent occupation

f2537454 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency
1.	CivilSer	14
3.	IntlOff	45
4.	Journalist	10
2.	ElectionOff	10
8.	Politician	5
7.	Lawyer	9
6.	Academic	1249
2147483635.	Not applicable/don't know	0
5.	Professl	65

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:cRMEEDm8CHd8XqOlFHpRWw==

15-8. Expert's age group (by decade)

f2537454 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency
5.	60-69	180
1.	20-29	71
4.	50-59	289
3.	40-49	405
2.	30-39	424
7.	80-89	3
6.	70-79	50

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:CbDrXc1XHDaHEPlaJ9Ocpg==

15-9. Sex (1=female; 0=male)

f2537454 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency	Text
1.	Female	403
0.	Male	1021

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:JU2qnPry+Fpx1xOgG6sDRw==

15-10. Highest level of education

f2537454 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency
2147483625.	Don't know	0
2.	Primary	0
4.	Undergrad	37
2147483636.	Other	0
1.	Noformaled	1
3.	Secondary	1
5.	Grad	1362

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:mS37/mqRA82QyLuXcoNSLg==

15-11. Were you born in this country?

f2537454 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency	Text
1.	Yes	822
0.	No	573

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:SOes1bPDqXCgm8Rct4F2ug==

15-12. # years lived in this country

f2537454 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency
2.	1to4Yrs	186
5.	Life	586
1.	Less1Yr	90
2147483625.	Don't Know	0
4.	10Yrsormore	349
3.	5to9Yrs	74
0.	Never	123

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:eYs6w9KQybDjLN/Bh7jY6w==

15-13. Expert was a candidate for elected office

f2537454 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency	Text
0.	No	1414
1.	Yes	15

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:3EfpE/bF5LGA4bRgKx3RpA==

15-14. Expert was an elected representative

f2537454 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency	Text
0.	No	1417
1.	Yes	12

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:rsqRukB4GXP6M5OPSKlCDg==

15-15. Expert was an election activist

f2537454 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency	Text
0.	No	1416
1.	Yes	13

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:zvXhN6E//tNee/c7JPohbg==

15-16. Expert was election NGO watch personnel

f2537454 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency	Text
1.	Yes	85
0.	No	1344

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:ygmth8us/nf/LDJNDmC1vQ==

15-17. Expert voted in this election

f2537454 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency	Text
1.	Yes	608
0.	No	821

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:oRvJAw7zvXzkfaoMe3nScg==

15-18. Expert did not participate in any role in this election

f2537454 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency	Text
0.	No	740
1.	Yes	689

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:vI/PFhR7RYtXCxAJOF2wZA==

15-19. Expert was a national official electoral monitor

f2537454 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency	Text
1.	Yes	72
0.	No	1357

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:5Qf3+ctVvWuj6HqxlzRlxA==

15-20. Expert was an election official

f2537454 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency	Text
0.	No	1352
1.	Yes	77

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:dwgmcEv0omhA1HtloA8OaA==

15-21. Expert is a citizen of this country

f2537454 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency	Text
1.	Yes	901
0.	No	528

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:ixy3cJzqfMu2/cnHCcqqog==

15-22. Support the winning or losing side

f2537454 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency
4.	Didn't vote	25
7.	No answer	971
3.	None	58
5.	Decline to state	12
6.	Independent	3
1.	Winner	118
2.	Loser	242

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:HrKpqTp8PVXnB0CsMczL8Q==

15-23. Political views on 10pt left/right scale

f2537454 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:ISVh4Aj8ka57Oys9wHN6xA==

VIGNETTES SECTION

f2537454 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:MgueqfgRLJA/pprVu3EGzg==

16-1. Vignette A (Queues)

f2537454 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:mUMQ6/ZHkbQsee8FJi84/g==

16-2. Vignette B (Boycotts)

f2537454 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:Y8kDOPtXucB5duaFFaX6TA==

16-3. Vignette C (Violence)

f2537454 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:sDr5JLGXoLzv/Gh9eVRvXQ==

Country-Year

f2537454 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:I2NYBZKOpdjlBU36gAT/3A==

Expert Reference number

f2537505 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:bwsxpf1l2ayOK+eC8y/+pg==

Election country and date

f2537505 Location:

Variable Format: character

Notes: UNF:5:jZufF/DqT/Evs8ru9T+kyQ==

Country name

f2537505 Location:

Variable Format: character

Notes: UNF:5:v04cGlau19TuCyHNKVYVqA==

COW country code

f2537505 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency	Text
380.	Sweden	0
212.	Luxembourg	0
352.	Cyprus	0
327.	Papal States	0
452.	Ghana	0
94.	Costa Rica	0
433.	Senegal	0
145.	Bolivia	0
712.	Mongolia	0
140.	Brazil	0
625.	Sudan	0
740.	Japan	0
54.	Dominica	0
135.	Peru	0
344.	Croatia	0
359.	Moldova	0
368.	Lithuania	0
165.	Uruguay	0
581.	Comoros	0
553.	Malawi	0
710.	China	0
760.	Bhutan	0
947.	Tuvalu	0
221.	Monaco	0
51.	Jamaica	0
255.	Germany	0
56.	St. Lucia	0
781.	Maldives	0
437.	Cote d'Ivoire	0
305.	Austria	0
404.	Guinea-Bissau	0
800.	Thailand	0
591.	Seychelles	0
350.	Greece	0
211.	Belgium	0
92.	El Salvador	0
570.	Lesotho	0
373.	Azerbaijan	0
267.	Baden	0
702.	Tajikistan	0
571.	Botswana	0
520.	Somalia	0
987.	Micronesia	0
372.	Georgia	0
701.	Turkmenistan	0
986.	Palau	0
481.	Gabon	0
317.	Slovakia	0
436.	Niger	0
385.	Norway	0
57.	St. Vincent & the Grenadines	0
560.	South Africa	0
970.	Nauru	0
31.	Bahamas	0
541.	Mozambique	0
484.	Congo	0
663.	Jordan	0
90.	Guatemala	0
315.	Czechoslovakia	0
900.	Australia	0
572.	Swaziland	0
420.	Gambia	0
360.	Romania	0
670.	Saudi Arabia	0
750.	India	0
540.	Angola	0
630.	Iran	0
698.	Oman	0
660.	Lebanon	0
366.	Estonia	0
110.	Guyana	0
552.	Zimbabwe	0
60.	St. Kitts & Nevis	0
713.	Taiwan	0
705.	Kazakhstan	0
501.	Kenya	0
375.	Finland	0
565.	Namibia	0
790.	Nepal	0
316.	Czech Republic	0
341.	Montenegro	0
451.	Sierra Leone	0
615.	Algeria	0
517.	Rwanda	0
245.	Bavaria	0
280.	Mecklenburg Schwerin	0
450.	Liberia	0
160.	Argentina	0
679.	Yemen	0
910.	Papua New Guinea	0
390.	Denmark	0
820.	Malaysia	0
411.	Equatorial Guinea	0
310.	Hungary	0
220.	France	0
260.	German Federal Republic	0
230.	Spain	0
365.	Russia	0
343.	Macedonia	0
616.	Tunisia	0
53.	Barbados	0
338.	Malta	0
692.	Bahrain	0
235.	Portugal	0
812.	Laos	0
731.	North Korea	0
830.	Singapore	0
42.	Dominican Republic	0
332.	Modena	0
516.	Burundi	0
155.	Chile	0
990.	Samoa	0
395.	Iceland	0
626.	South Sudan	0
530.	Ethiopia	0
732.	Korea, Rep.	0
640.	Turkey	0
666.	Israel	0
510.	Tanzania	0
920.	New Zealand	0
850.	Indonesia	0
2.	United States of America	0
461.	Togo	0
860.	East Timor	0
269.	Saxony	0
80.	Belize	0
355.	Bulgaria	0
840.	Philippines	0
232.	Andorra	0
95.	Panama	0
100.	Colombia	0
482.	Central African Republic	0
435.	Mauritania	0
20.	Canada	0
775.	Myanmar	0
115.	Suriname	0
817.	Vietnam, Rep.	0
101.	Venezuela	0
300.	Austria-Hungary	0
210.	Netherlands	0
225.	Switzerland	0
700.	Afghanistan	0
551.	Zambia	0
771.	Bangladesh	0
522.	Djibouti	0
403.	Sao Tome & Principe	0
620.	Libya	0
703.	Kyrgyzstan	0
730.	Korea	0
335.	Parma	0
590.	Mauritius	0
935.	Vanuatu	0
471.	Cameroon	0
325.	Italy	0
651.	Egypt	0
600.	Morocco	0
150.	Paraguay	0
200.	United Kingdom	0
835.	Brunei	0
346.	Bosnia & Herzegovina	0
402.	Cape Verde	0
645.	Iraq	0
55.	Grenada	0
483.	Chad	0
704.	Uzbekistan	0
694.	Qatar	0
531.	Eritrea	0
223.	Liechtenstein	0
780.	Sri Lanka	0
696.	United Arab Emirates	0
265.	German Democratic Republic	0
438.	Guinea	0
434.	Benin	0
70.	Mexico	0
370.	Belarus	0
983.	Marshall Islands	0
40.	Cuba	0
339.	Albania	0
490.	Congo, Dem. Rep.	0
580.	Madagascar	0
770.	Pakistan	0
475.	Nigeria	0
347.	Kosovo	0
337.	Tuscany	0
91.	Honduras	0
93.	Nicaragua	0
500.	Uganda	0
41.	Haiti	0
432.	Mali	0
349.	Slovenia	0
439.	Burkina Faso	0
690.	Kuwait	0
367.	Latvia	0
652.	Syria	0
331.	San Marino	0
240.	Hanover	0
345.	Serbia	0
816.	Vietnam	0
130.	Ecuador	0
371.	Armenia	0
955.	Tonga	0
946.	Kiribati	0
950.	Fiji	0
329.	Two Sicilies	0
58.	Antigua & Barbuda	0
811.	Cambodia	0
205.	Ireland	0
290.	Poland	0
52.	Trinidad & Tobago	0
940.	Solomon Islands	0
369.	Ukraine	0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:NlMoG38KbJcDBsmUfswOCQ==

Norris country identifier

f2537505 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency	Text
48.	Djibouti	0
58.	Fiji	0
43.	Croatia	0
50.	Dominican Republic	0
95.	Lebanon	0
10.	Austria	0
166.	Taiwan	0
192.	Timor Leste	0
191.	Zimbabwe	0
142.	Rwanda	0
73.	Honduras	0
30.	Cameroon	0
77.	Indonesia	0
12.	Bahamas	0
185.	Venezuela	0
161.	Suriname	0
154.	Somalia	0
123.	Netherlands	0
54.	Equatorial Guinea	0
137.	Poland	0
24.	Brazil	0
96.	Lesotho	0
2.	Albania	0
63.	Georgia	0
94.	Latvia	0
168.	Tanzania	0
188.	Yemen	0
173.	Tunisia	0
67.	Grenada	0
20.	Bhutan	0
9.	Australia	0
91.	Kuwait	0
75.	Iceland	0
57.	Ethiopia	0
178.	Ukraine	0
89.	Korea, DPR	0
16.	Belarus	0
170.	Togo	0
84.	Japan	0
70.	Guinea	0
98.	Libya	0
39.	Congo, Democratic Republic of	0
72.	Haiti	0
45.	Cyprus	0
4.	Andorra	0
114.	Moldova	0
115.	Monaco	0
145.	Sao Tome & Principe	0
187.	Samoa	0
130.	Pakistan	0
81.	Israel	0
5.	Angola	0
49.	Dominica	0
193.	Kosovo	0
101.	Luxembourg	0
105.	Malaysia	0
83.	Jamaica	0
80.	Ireland	0
19.	Benin	0
25.	Brunei Darussalam	0
120.	Namibia	0
21.	Bolivia	0
184.	Vanuatu	0
60.	France	0
27.	Burkina Faso	0
171.	Tonga	0
136.	Philippines	0
134.	Paraguay	0
47.	Denmark	0
132.	Panama	0
167.	Tajikistan	0
29.	Cambodia	0
97.	Liberia	0
78.	Iran	0
15.	Barbados	0
155.	South Africa	0
90.	Korea, Republic of	0
82.	Italy	0
119.	Myanmar	0
183.	Uzbekistan	0
42.	Cote d'Ivoire	0
37.	Colombia	0
86.	Kazakhstan	0
46.	Czech Republic	0
44.	Cuba	0
180.	United Kingdom	0
88.	Kiribati	0
140.	Romania	0
8.	Armenia	0
99.	Liechenstein	0
156.	Spain	0
133.	Papua New Guinea	0
131.	Palau	0
110.	Mauritania	0
33.	Central African Republic	0
122.	Nepal	0
6.	Antigua & Barbuda	0
107.	Mali	0
135.	Peru	0
103.	Madagascar	0
31.	Canada	0
169.	Thailand	0
34.	Chad	0
3.	Algeria	0
149.	Sierra Leone	0
92.	Kyrgyzstan	0
62.	Gambia	0
144.	San Marino	0
28.	Burundi	0
162.	Swaziland	0
138.	Portugal	0
152.	Slovenia	0
55.	Eritrea	0
177.	Uganda	0
76.	India	0
68.	Guatemala	0
116.	Mongolia	0
13.	Bahrain	0
64.	Germany	0
104.	Malawi	0
100.	Lithuania	0
111.	Mauritius	0
182.	Uruguay	0
79.	Iraq	0
158.	St. Kitts & Nevis	0
69.	Guinea Bissau	0
125.	Nicaragua	0
22.	Bosnia & Herzegovina	0
1.	Afghanistan	0
172.	Trinidad and Tobago	0
113.	Micronesia	0
112.	Mexico	0
153.	Solomon Islands	0
129.	Oman	0
51.	Ecuador	0
85.	Jordan	0
35.	Chile	0
148.	Seychelles	0
176.	Tuvalu	0
59.	Finland	0
108.	Malta	0
128.	Norway	0
118.	Mozambique	0
38.	Comoros	0
146.	Saudi Arabia	0
147.	Senegal	0
139.	Qatar	0
66.	Greece	0
190.	Zambia	0
157.	Sri Lanka	0
150.	Singapore	0
165.	Syria	0
179.	United Arab Emirates	0
160.	Sudan	0
87.	Kenya	0
71.	Guyana	0
7.	Argentina	0
175.	Turkmenistan	0
18.	Belize	0
109.	Marshall Islands	0
143.	St. Lucia	0
56.	Estonia	0
52.	Egypt	0
102.	Macedonia	0
41.	Congo, Republic of	0
93.	Laos	0
106.	Maldives	0
174.	Turkey	0
126.	Niger	0
194.	Montenegro	0
36.	China	0
61.	Gabon	0
186.	Vietnam	0
151.	Slovakia	0
14.	Bangladesh	0
53.	El Salvador	0
117.	Morocco	0
11.	Azerbaijan	0
32.	Cape Verde	0
17.	Belgium	0
124.	New Zealand	0
23.	Botswana	0
40.	Costa Rica	0
181.	United States of America	0
164.	Switzerland	0
121.	Nauru	0
26.	Bulgaria	0
159.	St. Vincent& Grenadine	0
163.	Sweden	0
127.	Nigeria	0
74.	Hungary	0
141.	Russia	0
65.	Ghana	0
189.	Serbia	0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:ASgIg+qNKVLURRfWPuky3g==

Year

f2537505 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:w+N3wZeMERo/p5UVAKH9Gg==

Date of the election

f2537505 Location:

Variable Format: character

Notes: UNF:5:j8K61CE732vAqz1OsuZE4A==

Elected office: Pres.=1, 0 otherwise

f2537505 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:LAdfC5f+ATtO2TLKwmXvlg==

COUNTRY DATA

f2537505 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:MgueqfgRLJA/pprVu3EGzg==

Freedom House Political Rights Scale, 1yr. lag

f2537505 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:kZpV+o4zL4C0NP7MRrE0cw==

Freedom House Civil Liberties Scale, 1yr. lag

f2537505 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:qF6Xo6Q0NDCGmphu9u1rfw==

Freedom House Score (Free,Partially Free, Not Free), 1yr. lag

f2537505 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency
0.	Not Free	203
1.	Partially Free	502
2.	Free	724

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:xmCmJ3g5jDNOWl2nSTG72A==

Polity combined score (-10->+10), 1 year lag

f2537505 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:diBpPJjnPpF7S0uvLe1chQ==

Polity combined score with mean subst for missing codes, 1 year lag

f2537505 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:ntIU41xAk9EWFoBb6eSYmw==

# years since the last regime transition (3pt or greater), 1 year lag

f2537505 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:0ZSdKECBFfpORlSgSWuCcQ==

World Bank income level (Low, lower-middle, upper-middle, high)

f2537505 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency	Text
1.	Low income	0
2.	Lower-middle income	0
3.	Upper-middle income	0
4.	High income	0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:lSTrL4RiaO2Uk9O5bRuoUQ==

GDP per capita on purchasing power parity 2011

f2537505 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:72sL0w5DBWS3NgKjiphOiw==

Geographic region (World Bank classification, 1-9)

f2537505 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency	Text
9.	Americas	0
6.	Western Europe	0
2.	West & Central Africa	0
7.	Middle East	0
1.	East & Southern Africa	0
5.	Eastern Europe	0
3.	East Asia & Pacific	0
4.	South Asia	0
8.	North Africa	0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:NBkPb771ABy9GoQb9Y1yEQ==

OECD country (0/1)

f2537505 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency	Text
1.	OECD	0
0.	non-OECD	0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:bFuexRPmfiJQdJWFqRjBYw==

OVERALL INTEGRITY RATING

f2537505 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:MgueqfgRLJA/pprVu3EGzg==

Rate electoral integrity of the election (1=very poor->10=very good

f2537505 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:WPav1HTElF02xICeII2RTg==

PEI index of electoral integrity, individual

f2537505 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:s5b2UrDr1IciyOr/p3rLlg==

PEI index of electoral integrity, imputed

f2537505 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:7Lz44eGB4mjDZEA+Tm7UVg==

ELECTORAL LAWS SECTION

f2537505 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:MgueqfgRLJA/pprVu3EGzg==

1-1a. Electoral laws were unfair to smaller parties (1-5)[N]

f2537505 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency
2.	Disagree	431
2147483625.	Don't know	0
3.	Neither agree nor disagree	181
4.	Agree	321
1.	Strongly Disagree	221
5.	Strongly Agree	188
2147483635.	Not Applicable	0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:CJ101C5UIVGIEctqHygMxg==

1-1b. Electoral laws were unfair to smaller parties (Reversed coding)

f2537505 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency
2147483625.	Don't know	0
5.	Strongly Disagree	221
3.	Neither agree nor disagree	181
4.	Disagree	431
2147483635.	Not Applicable	0
1.	Strongly Agree	188
2.	Agree	321

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:a35TiyAQkGK/BjdOCtXrmA==

1-2a. Electoral laws favored the governing party or parties (1-5)[N]

f2537505 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency
1.	Strongly Disagree	284
5.	Strongly Agree	237
2.	Disagree	404
2147483635.	Not Applicable	0
4.	Agree	276
2147483625.	Don't know	0
3.	Neither agree nor disagree	167

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:OjshFfVqvmxibPQKZULdeg==

1-2b. Electoral laws favored the governing party or parties (Reversed coding)

f2537505 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency
2147483635.	Not Applicable	0
1.	Strongly Agree	237
4.	Disagree	404
2147483625.	Don't know	0
5.	Strongly Disagree	284
2.	Agree	276
3.	Neither agree nor disagree	167

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:Ln5zd5K59BAkefomWYxLrQ==

1-3a. Elections laws restricted citizens' rights (1-5)[N]

f2537505 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency
5.	Strongly Agree	123
3.	Neither agree nor disagree	140
2147483635.	Not Applicable	0
2147483625.	Don't know	0
4.	Agree	215
2.	Disagree	482
1.	Strongly Disagree	446

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:tw3AwmPTGK3JAxAFlQynEw==

1-3b. Elections laws restricted citizens' rights (Reversed coding)

f2537505 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency
2.	Agree	215
4.	Disagree	482
3.	Neither agree nor disagree	140
2147483625.	Don't know	0
5.	Strongly Disagree	446
2147483635.	Not Applicable	0
1.	Strongly Agree	123

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:Ki7/KnBprqtGXxdpo/ezzw==

1-4. Electoral laws index (20-100)

f2537505 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:JydITgWt78KMknsrd2TClg==

1-4i. Electoral laws index (20-100), imputed

f2537505 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:FsZLY/wQ+UgXIyErRy9q0w==

ELECTORAL PROCEDURES SECTION

f2537505 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:MgueqfgRLJA/pprVu3EGzg==

2-1. Elections were well managed (1-5)[P]

f2537505 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency
3.	Neither agree nor disagree	131
2.	Disagree	237
1.	Strongly Disagree	119
5.	Strongly Agree	377
2147483635.	Not Applicable	0
4.	Agree	542
2147483625.	Don't know	0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:wHesccUrsmYBVkSPh6d8uw==

2-2. Information about voting procedures was widely available (1-5)[P]

f2537505 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency
2147483635.	Not Applicable	0
4.	Agree	596
3.	Neither agree nor disagree	116
1.	Strongly Disagree	56
2147483625.	Don't know	0
2.	Disagree	146
5.	Strongly Agree	471

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:E59p8Vg8Udv58+eUQ+5liA==

2-3. Election officials were fair (1-5)[P]

f2537505 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency
2147483625.	Don't know	0
2.	Disagree	197
2147483635.	Not Applicable	0
5.	Strongly Agree	417
3.	Neither agree nor disagree	159
4.	Agree	475
1.	Strongly Disagree	117

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:u29XuvD03aVk21tfq8A4JQ==

2-4. Elections were conducted in accordance with the law (1-5)[P]

f2537505 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency
2.	Disagree	157
5.	Strongly Agree	479
2147483625.	Don't know	0
3.	Neither agree nor disagree	130
4.	Agree	549
2147483635.	Not Applicable	0
1.	Strongly Disagree	89

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:N1KQnzuQuvkt/ZBP7N44+w==

2-5. Electoral procedures index (25-100)

f2537505 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:xpCy9GMWlApsof5QhSv4Dw==

2-5i. Electoral procedures index (25-100), imputed

f2537505 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:KbKFkaMieAiT+oaMPGOHoA==

BOUNDARIES FOR VOTING DISTRICTS SECTION

f2537505 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:MgueqfgRLJA/pprVu3EGzg==

3-1a. Boundaries discriminated against some parties (1-5)[N]

f2537505 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency
2147483625.	Don't know	0
1.	Strongly Disagree	163
4.	Agree	214
2.	Disagree	289
5.	Strongly Agree	125
2147483635.	Not Applicable	0
3.	Neither agree nor disagree	155

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:KL7txes+etOIoW/nKXCiAw==

3-1b. Boundaries discriminated against some parties (Reversed coding)

f2537505 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency
5.	Strongly Disagree	163
2147483635.	Not Applicable	0
1.	Strongly Agree	125
2.	Agree	214
3.	Neither agree nor disagree	155
2147483625.	Don't know	0
4.	Disagree	289

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:65oRsEDrRISiJHOpQkrkAA==

3-2a. Boundaries favored incumbents (1-5)[N]

f2537505 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency
2147483635.	Not Applicable	0
4.	Agree	194
5.	Strongly Agree	116
2.	Disagree	279
2147483625.	Don't know	0
1.	Strongly Disagree	175
3.	Neither agree nor disagree	182

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:K2+hHi82QRYy5Tjp4l0jgg==

3-2b. Boundaries favored incumbents (Reversed coding)

f2537505 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency
2.	Agree	194
5.	Strongly Disagree	175
2147483635.	Not Applicable	0
3.	Neither agree nor disagree	182
1.	Strongly Agree	116
4.	Disagree	279
2147483625.	Don't know	0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:7wrlrC3EBgoYlbht8wgcUg==

3-3. Boundaries were impartial (1-5)[P]

f2537505 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency
3.	Neither agree nor disagree	192
5.	Strongly Agree	148
2147483625.	Don't know	0
2.	Disagree	229
1.	Strongly Disagree	129
2147483635.	Not Applicable	0
4.	Agree	275

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:hYlRl03cILH44TR4sfPsXw==

3-4. Voting district boundaries index (20-100)

f2537505 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:hftPrsJ5HdNGbYarS4vQxA==

3-4i. Voting district boundaries index (20-100), imputed

f2537505 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:b1QXbB+3E9sEhmL3Zb9TKQ==

VOTER REGISTRATION SECTION

f2537505 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:MgueqfgRLJA/pprVu3EGzg==

4-1a. Some citizens were not listed in the register (1-5)[N]

f2537505 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency
4.	Agree	394
3.	Neither agree nor disagree	114
2147483625.	Don't know	0
2.	Disagree	278
5.	Strongly Agree	180
1.	Strongly Disagree	217
2147483635.	Not Applicable	0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:iDnzKXBtmulUgu8E4e1cbA==

4-1b. Some citizens were not listed in the register (Reversed coding)

f2537505 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency
2147483635.	Not Applicable	0
3.	Neither agree nor disagree	114
5.	Strongly Disagree	217
1.	Strongly Agree	180
2.	Agree	394
2147483625.	Don't know	0
4.	Disagree	278

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:J+MXnkIHcxN8cGvmJb4lLw==

4-2a. The electoral register was inaccurate (1-5)[N]

f2537505 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency
2147483635.	Not Applicable	0
4.	Agree	278
1.	Strongly Disagree	247
2147483625.	Don't know	0
2.	Disagree	384
5.	Strongly Agree	155
3.	Neither agree nor disagree	154

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:V9HRkDjelfxI52bxRTqGYw==

4-2b. The electoral register was inaccurate (Reversed coding)

f2537505 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency
1.	Strongly Agree	155
2147483635.	Not Applicable	0
2.	Agree	278
4.	Disagree	384
5.	Strongly Disagree	247
3.	Neither agree nor disagree	154
2147483625.	Don't know	0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:SYGgo6uHJ9cU+6wdDE5Ysg==

4-3a. Some ineligible electors were registered (1-5)[N]

f2537505 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency
2.	Disagree	324
4.	Agree	234
1.	Strongly Disagree	240
2147483635.	Not Applicable	0
3.	Neither agree nor disagree	151
5.	Strongly Agree	109
2147483625.	Don't know	0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:2KYnu/EPk4h2zoRcIO4omg==

4-3b. Some ineligible electors were registered (Reversed coding)

f2537505 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency
3.	Neither agree nor disagree	151
4.	Disagree	324
2147483625.	Don't know	0
2147483635.	Not Applicable	0
1.	Strongly Agree	109
2.	Agree	234
5.	Strongly Disagree	240

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:ikFal8N2MU+10wYKapjicQ==

4-4. Voter registration index (20-100)

f2537505 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:NSSkNG93GpzuzEI8Ik04FA==

4-4i. Voter registration index (20-100), imputed

f2537505 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:10rjDa4GebiP613vSeWOmA==

PARTY AND CANDIDATE REGISTRATION SECTION

f2537505 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:MgueqfgRLJA/pprVu3EGzg==

5-1a. Some opposition candidates were prevented from running (1-5)[N]

f2537505 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency
3.	Neither agree nor disagree	70
5.	Strongly Agree	131
2147483635.	Not Applicable	0
2147483625.	Don't know	0
2.	Disagree	490
1.	Strongly Disagree	491
4.	Agree	177

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:/UNlEnWX0ZTG0hciMUfAlQ==

5-1b. Some opposition candidates were prevented from running (Reversed coding)

f2537505 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency
2.	Agree	177
5.	Strongly Disagree	491
2147483635.	Not Applicable	0
2147483625.	Don't know	0
3.	Neither agree nor disagree	70
4.	Disagree	490
1.	Strongly Agree	131

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:WyBuVKyHIbsuJL5ZQAi+6w==

5-2. Women had equal opportunities to run for office (1-5)[P]

f2537505 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency
2.	Disagree	275
2147483635.	Not Applicable	0
2147483625.	Don't know	0
3.	Neither agree nor disagree	162
4.	Agree	516
1.	Strongly Disagree	91
5.	Strongly Agree	352

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:+z10A5pvNI3Tfm0s0d2U7g==

5-3. Ethnic and national minorities had equal opportunities to run for office (1

f2537505 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency
1.	Strongly Disagree	101
2147483625.	Don't know	0
2147483635.	Not Applicable	0
5.	Strongly Agree	290
2.	Disagree	282
4.	Agree	510
3.	Neither agree nor disagree	164

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:A2j6r8tavW6aSusf241JhA==

5-4a. Only top party leaders selected candidates (1-5)[N]

f2537505 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency
2.	Disagree	378
2147483625.	Don't know	0
5.	Strongly Agree	220
3.	Neither agree nor disagree	216
2147483635.	Not Applicable	0
4.	Agree	368
1.	Strongly Disagree	144

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:IL60UUu54W/HFIGYo8iTBA==

5-4b. Only top party leaders selected candidates (Reversed coding)

f2537505 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency
5.	Strongly Disagree	144
1.	Strongly Agree	220
3.	Neither agree nor disagree	216
2.	Agree	368
2147483635.	Not Applicable	0
4.	Disagree	378
2147483625.	Don't know	0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:+uAhZ5ZR9XqAMd7jtfWjwQ==

5-5a. Some parties/candidates were restricted from holding campaign rallies (1-5

f2537505 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency
5.	Strongly Agree	122
3.	Neither agree nor disagree	129
1.	Strongly Disagree	377
2147483635.	Not Applicable	0
2.	Disagree	459
4.	Agree	245
2147483625.	Don't know	0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:w9p+0bGojPLOrE6PvSTMnw==

5-5b. Some parties/candidates were restricted from holding campaign rallies (Rev

f2537505 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency
2147483625.	Don't know	0
2.	Agree	245
4.	Disagree	459
1.	Strongly Agree	122
3.	Neither agree nor disagree	129
5.	Strongly Disagree	377
2147483635.	Not Applicable	0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:cCy4norMsocRkfaD4YZZqA==

5-6. Party and candidate registration index (20-100)

f2537505 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:SmHYCwFehYiddL6LwLB3yg==

5-6i. Party and candidate registration index (20-100), imputed

f2537505 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:RendYyVFH0q0heSWZsOFlQ==

MEDIA COVERAGE SECTION

f2537505 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:MgueqfgRLJA/pprVu3EGzg==

6-1. Newspapers provided balanced election news (1-5)[P]

f2537505 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency
3.	Neither agree nor disagree	213
2147483625.	Don't know	0
5.	Strongly Agree	71
1.	Strongly Disagree	252
2147483635.	Not Applicable	0
2.	Disagree	452
4.	Agree	411

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:M7FbOWLTV+BFBa7VFoOL6A==

6-2a. TV news favored the governing party (1-5)[N]

f2537505 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency
5.	Strongly Agree	249
3.	Neither agree nor disagree	203
2147483625.	Don't know	0
1.	Strongly Disagree	144
2.	Disagree	457
2147483635.	Not Applicable	0
4.	Agree	295

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:XM0u1tSzpWNzlQYdd3WXOw==

6-2b. TV news favored the governing party (Reversed coding)

f2537505 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency
2.	Agree	295
2147483635.	Not Applicable	0
1.	Strongly Agree	249
2147483625.	Don't know	0
4.	Disagree	457
5.	Strongly Disagree	144
3.	Neither agree nor disagree	203

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:COy8Df4/ahm1e58VGXtOQA==

6-3. Parties/candidates had fair access to political broadcasts and advertising

f2537505 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency
2147483625.	Don't know	0
2147483635.	Not Applicable	0
5.	Strongly Agree	119
2.	Disagree	372
3.	Neither agree nor disagree	183
1.	Strongly Disagree	209
4.	Agree	493

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:SMWxPTJFABbI0PIaAZOpqQ==

6-4. Journalists provided fair coverage of the elections (1-5)[P]

f2537505 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency
2.	Disagree	383
2147483635.	Not Applicable	0
2147483625.	Don't know	0
4.	Agree	465
5.	Strongly Agree	82
3.	Neither agree nor disagree	295
1.	Strongly Disagree	166

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:Yhngb8VeJbzSIEeFS66V4Q==

6-5. Social media were used to expose electoral fraud (1-5)[P]

f2537505 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency
1.	Strongly Disagree	86
2147483635.	Not Applicable	0
4.	Agree	486
3.	Neither agree nor disagree	235
2.	Disagree	165
2147483625.	Don't know	0
5.	Strongly Agree	132

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:JJA6OwhORYP2IPsIC6FbiA==

6-6. Media coverage index (20-100)

f2537505 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:EQZh5aNgv4hCznfd3S5M4Q==

6-6i. Media coverage index (20-100), imputed

f2537505 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:IkFVSSgpD/oGnsg4TtnZFA==

CAMPAIGN FINANCE SECTION

f2537505 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:MgueqfgRLJA/pprVu3EGzg==

7-1. Parties/candidates had equitable access to public political subsidies(1-5)[

f2537505 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency
2147483625.	Don't know	0
4.	Agree	409
5.	Strongly Agree	97
2.	Disagree	343
3.	Neither agree nor disagree	144
2147483635.	Not Applicable	0
1.	Strongly Disagree	183

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:lX2AZ1rONas7//oEkeIRuw==

7-2. Parties/candidates had equitable access to political donations(1-5)[P]

f2537505 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency
2147483635.	Not Applicable	0
2147483625.	Don't know	0
1.	Strongly Disagree	235
3.	Neither agree nor disagree	161
4.	Agree	280
2.	Disagree	460
5.	Strongly Agree	63

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:mBC8ZmYtn8azpDlgTDpgRA==

7-3. Parties/candidates publish transparent financial accounts(1-5)[P]

f2537505 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency
3.	Neither agree nor disagree	153
2.	Disagree	524
2147483635.	Not Applicable	0
5.	Strongly Agree	38
4.	Agree	152
2147483625.	Don't know	0
1.	Strongly Disagree	415

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:H09vkLh8ekJJio2O2xzr6A==

7-4a. Rich people buy elections (1-5)[N]

f2537505 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency
3.	Neither agree nor disagree	298
4.	Agree	363
5.	Strongly Agree	215
1.	Strongly Disagree	176
2.	Disagree	297
2147483625.	Don't know	0
2147483635.	Not Applicable	0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:z5nsM+7x0I73e/XwUEM/Nw==

7-4b. Rich people buy elections (Reversed coding)

f2537505 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency
1.	Strongly Agree	215
2147483635.	Not Applicable	0
4.	Disagree	297
2.	Agree	363
3.	Neither agree nor disagree	298
2147483625.	Don't know	0
5.	Strongly Disagree	176

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:J04wlbE+YvNj/Ql8BalbdA==

7-5a. Some state resources were improperly used for campaigning (1-5)[N]

f2537505 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency
2147483635.	Not Applicable	0
4.	Agree	421
5.	Strongly Agree	330
1.	Strongly Disagree	129
3.	Neither agree nor disagree	176
2147483625.	Don't know	0
2.	Disagree	202

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:eZDAVqsWd+QiBV5KrULJrA==

7-5b. Some state resources were improperly used for campaigning (Reversed coding

f2537505 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency
2.	Agree	421
3.	Neither agree nor disagree	176
5.	Strongly Disagree	129
4.	Disagree	202
2147483625.	Don't know	0
2147483635.	Not Applicable	0
1.	Strongly Agree	330

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:oqe5fRzszhup0FVHaCTwdg==

7-6. Campaign finance index (20-100)

f2537505 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:NNvkAUYyMgSuRwFd5THsfA==

7-6i. Campaign finance index (20-100), imputed

f2537505 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:UCxB0mhttC0OQ3AOtwr/jA==

VOTING PROCESS SECTION

f2537505 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:MgueqfgRLJA/pprVu3EGzg==

8-1a. Some voters were threatened with violence at the polls(1-5)[N]

f2537505 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency
2147483625.	Don't know	0
5.	Strongly Agree	99
1.	Strongly Disagree	464
2147483635.	Not Applicable	0
4.	Agree	224
2.	Disagree	437
3.	Neither agree nor disagree	87

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:CDc06R29o7yeD3cjBXkz7A==

8-1b. Some voters were threatened with violence at the polls (Reversed coding)

f2537505 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency
3.	Neither agree nor disagree	87
2.	Agree	224
2147483635.	Not Applicable	0
1.	Strongly Agree	99
5.	Strongly Disagree	464
4.	Disagree	437
2147483625.	Don't know	0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:oGIL41O7MII5WMF3ZokJJQ==

8-2a. Some fraudulent votes were cast (1-5)[N]

f2537505 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency
3.	Neither agree nor disagree	167
2147483625.	Don't know	0
4.	Agree	334
1.	Strongly Disagree	274
5.	Strongly Agree	157
2147483635.	Not Applicable	0
2.	Disagree	266

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:wNUo1aXZ8/t29uN5K825qQ==

8-2b. Some fraudulent votes were cast (Reversed coding)

f2537505 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency
3.	Neither agree nor disagree	167
5.	Strongly Disagree	274
4.	Disagree	266
2147483635.	Not Applicable	0
1.	Strongly Agree	157
2147483625.	Don't know	0
2.	Agree	334

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:Vq4ywaD+TZE6EuHliBQ9xQ==

8-3. The process of voting was easy (1-1)[Y]

f2537505 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency
2147483625.	Don't know	0
5.	Strongly Agree	418
2.	Disagree	157
4.	Agree	665
1.	Strongly Disagree	39
2147483635.	Not Applicable	0
3.	Neither agree nor disagree	115

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:EnrmZtQaF0WKxteG3G6rYw==

8-4. Voters were offered a genuine choice at the ballot box (1-5)[P]

f2537505 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency
4.	Agree	584
3.	Neither agree nor disagree	128
2.	Disagree	132
2147483625.	Don't know	0
5.	Strongly Agree	460
1.	Strongly Disagree	98
2147483635.	Not Applicable	0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:GNCJT+j+pIUfWjRujYeq5Q==

8-5. Postal ballots were available (1-5)[P]

f2537505 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency
2147483625.	Don't know	0
1.	Strongly Disagree	245
3.	Neither agree nor disagree	64
4.	Agree	282
2147483635.	Not Applicable	0
2.	Disagree	175
5.	Strongly Agree	212

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:LEWZAdZDTHM/1fcZOcHg7w==

8-6. Special voting facilities were available for the disabled (1-5)[P]

f2537505 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency
2147483625.	Don't know	0
3.	Neither agree nor disagree	130
1.	Strongly Disagree	97
2.	Disagree	186
4.	Agree	395
5.	Strongly Agree	195
2147483635.	Not Applicable	0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:zM9sJSWs006sabpMkLX/8A==

8-7. National citizens living abroad could vote (1-5)[P]

f2537505 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency
4.	Agree	515
5.	Strongly Agree	357
3.	Neither agree nor disagree	76
2147483625.	Don't know	0
2147483635.	Not Applicable	0
2.	Disagree	136
1.	Strongly Disagree	174

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:xtF0+iFgTS3o6OPLkrZNcw==

8-8. Some form of internet voting was available (1-5)[P]

f2537505 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency
3.	Neither agree nor disagree	40
1.	Strongly Disagree	642
4.	Agree	20
2147483635.	Not Applicable	0
2.	Disagree	286
5.	Strongly Agree	13
2147483625.	Don't know	0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:ln0N0XtGi6W+A/PKGcWlPQ==

8-9. Voting process index (20-100)

f2537505 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:ig1WTtVPYu8Mad2PiOVswQ==

8-9i. Voting process index (20-100), imputed

f2537505 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:17EOxRXU1Av16a6L9Ksrag==

THE VOTE COUNT SECTION

f2537505 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:MgueqfgRLJA/pprVu3EGzg==

9-1. Ballot boxes were secure (1-5)[P]

f2537505 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency
2.	Disagree	145
2147483635.	Not Applicable	0
4.	Agree	539
1.	Strongly Disagree	66
2147483625.	Don't know	0
5.	Strongly Agree	419
3.	Neither agree nor disagree	126

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:yx3JtU32vxqZaiBP1RxSfA==

9-2. The results were announced without undue delay (1-5)[P]

f2537505 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency
2147483635.	Not Applicable	0
1.	Strongly Disagree	105
2.	Disagree	145
3.	Neither agree nor disagree	54
4.	Agree	581
2147483625.	Don't know	0
5.	Strongly Agree	520

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:UcvQ7ws48s6R3h8Jic1EaA==

9-3. Votes were counted fairly (1-5)[P]

f2537505 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency
2147483625.	Don't know	0
4.	Agree	517
2147483635.	Not Applicable	0
1.	Strongly Disagree	92
5.	Strongly Agree	443
3.	Neither agree nor disagree	138
2.	Disagree	121

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:Wme9tX5zjk38E7l6ufyrxg==

9-4a. Int'l election monitors were restricted (1-5)[N]

f2537505 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency
2.	Disagree	454
1.	Strongly Disagree	456
2147483625.	Don't know	0
3.	Neither agree nor disagree	108
4.	Agree	94
2147483635.	Not Applicable	0
5.	Strongly Agree	64

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:XtBZZmx6Jxpv5jUnCPeF9Q==

9-4b. Int'l election monitors were restricted (Reversed coding)

f2537505 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency
5.	Strongly Disagree	456
4.	Disagree	454
1.	Strongly Agree	64
2147483635.	Not Applicable	0
2.	Agree	94
3.	Neither agree nor disagree	108
2147483625.	Don't know	0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:g3UPJTyMM89yvyW77X6Knw==

9-5a. Domestic election monitors were restricted (1-5)[N]

f2537505 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency
3.	Neither agree nor disagree	123
1.	Strongly Disagree	463
4.	Agree	108
5.	Strongly Agree	70
2.	Disagree	478
2147483625.	Don't know	0
2147483635.	Not Applicable	0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:gubv3VCPZQbWb4B2DaWQLA==

9-5b. Domestic election monitors were restricted (Reversed coding)

f2537505 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency
1.	Strongly Agree	70
5.	Strongly Disagree	463
3.	Neither agree nor disagree	123
2147483635.	Not Applicable	0
2.	Agree	108
4.	Disagree	478
2147483625.	Don't know	0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:AMMbO/h/cffADAm2siUhBQ==

9-6. Vote count index (20-100)

f2537505 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:Ftaz136uxPYxwt/9d0clVQ==

9-6i. Vote count index (20-100), imputed

f2537505 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:G5aDJFqmi+XycmoDmE1dmw==

VOTING RESULTS SECTION

f2537505 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:MgueqfgRLJA/pprVu3EGzg==

10-1a. Parties/candidates challenged the results (1-5)[N]

f2537505 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency
2147483625.	Don't know	0
3.	Neither agree nor disagree	79
4.	Agree	406
2.	Disagree	344
5.	Strongly Agree	199
1.	Strongly Disagree	326
2147483635.	Not Applicable	0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:Bq8EptbpYsvZEEp36JdOqg==

10-1b. Parties/candidates challenged the results (Reversed coding)

f2537505 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency
2.	Agree	406
2147483635.	Not Applicable	0
2147483625.	Don't know	0
5.	Strongly Disagree	326
4.	Disagree	344
1.	Strongly Agree	199
3.	Neither agree nor disagree	79

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:fy1z9cjde0vwfrCwJRfLYQ==

10-2a. The election led to peaceful protests (1-5)[N]

f2537505 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency
2.	Disagree	435
1.	Strongly Disagree	385
3.	Neither agree nor disagree	107
5.	Strongly Agree	96
2147483635.	Not Applicable	0
2147483625.	Don't know	0
4.	Agree	294

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:DDg/rH+w8pSSs6J67xTjGw==

10-2b. The election led to peaceful protests (Reversed coding)

f2537505 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency
1.	Strongly Agree	96
4.	Disagree	435
2147483625.	Don't know	0
2.	Agree	294
2147483635.	Not Applicable	0
3.	Neither agree nor disagree	107
5.	Strongly Disagree	385

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:fSX8FEdvqN6IzvtQ3T2Nuw==

10-3a. The election triggered violent protests (1-5)[N]

f2537505 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency
1.	Strongly Disagree	703
3.	Neither agree nor disagree	70
2147483635.	Not Applicable	0
2147483625.	Don't know	0
5.	Strongly Agree	43
2.	Disagree	440
4.	Agree	83

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:0I+A2V+19bIaTvIwR/lgJQ==

10-3b. The election triggered violent protests (Reversed coding)

f2537505 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency
3.	Neither agree nor disagree	70
2147483635.	Not Applicable	0
2147483625.	Don't know	0
5.	Strongly Disagree	703
4.	Disagree	440
1.	Strongly Agree	43
2.	Agree	83

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:3m1+KQBuo5V4Az8LgLrn4Q==

10-4. Any disputes were resolved through legal channels (1-5)[P]

f2537505 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency
2.	Disagree	145
2147483635.	Not Applicable	0
5.	Strongly Agree	258
2147483625.	Don't know	0
3.	Neither agree nor disagree	157
1.	Strongly Disagree	96
4.	Agree	481

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:f8iEfwTa8qW6mXu4Z4KZbQ==

10-5. Results index (25-100)

f2537505 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:yzod88fD6Zf8T8niXr6Ghg==

10-5i. Results index (25-100), imputed

f2537505 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:Uyx8f/x2Lp788MAFmu/kwA==

ELECTORAL AUTHORITIES SECTION

f2537505 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:MgueqfgRLJA/pprVu3EGzg==

11-1. The election authorities were impartial (1-5)[P]

f2537505 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency
2.	Disagree	226
5.	Strongly Agree	339
3.	Neither agree nor disagree	165
1.	Strongly Disagree	180
2147483625.	Don't know	0
2147483635.	Not Applicable	0
4.	Agree	469

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:3jtmsOIatVQVCzI+Qg1rrg==

11-2. The authorities distributed information to citizens (1-5)[P]

f2537505 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency
1.	Strongly Disagree	51
5.	Strongly Agree	370
4.	Agree	725
2.	Disagree	114
2147483635.	Not Applicable	0
3.	Neither agree nor disagree	112
2147483625.	Don't know	0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:1gcbarm/WcOHpIERqbKmkg==

11-3. The authorities allowed public scrutiny of their performance (1-5)[P]

f2537505 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency
2.	Disagree	218
2147483635.	Not Applicable	0
3.	Neither agree nor disagree	223
2147483625.	Don't know	0
1.	Strongly Disagree	119
5.	Strongly Agree	244
4.	Agree	520

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:l4LMqX3eE4blWX+ogaiVFg==

11-4. The election authorities performed well (1-5)[P]

f2537505 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency
2.	Disagree	198
5.	Strongly Agree	314
1.	Strongly Disagree	131
2147483625.	Don't know	0
2147483635.	Not Applicable	0
3.	Neither agree nor disagree	203
4.	Agree	541

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:JKD1zIzRgtzmqHOap8Gqvg==

11-5. Electoral authorities index (25-100)

f2537505 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:epKX4pX2XROI8qTlGCuFZg==

11-5i. Electoral authorities index (25-100), imputed

f2537505 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:DZR/7o23fWJSsN/e8LRK9Q==

GENERAL ELECTION QUESTIONS

f2537505 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:MgueqfgRLJA/pprVu3EGzg==

13-1. How familiar are you with elections in this country?

f2537505 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:64PDVNGnJlNGRYorOGaxSg==

13-2. Which election (if more than 1) was most important

f2537505 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency
4.	Upper & Lower House	28
7.	Regional	12
6.	Local	27
2.	Lower House	535
5.	Exec. & Leg.	43
8.	Other combination	59
3.	Upper House	44
1.	Pres	486

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:jGdLTJIDwBBGXzCBfn28EA==

ORGANIZATIONAL CONFIDENCE SECTION

f2537505 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:MgueqfgRLJA/pprVu3EGzg==

14-1. Confidence in the courts (1=none - 10=a great deal)

f2537505 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:A13j55W7bfpmD18HgJrGSg==

14-2. Confidence in the government (1=none - 10=a great deal)

f2537505 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:H0QYE/rsCre61kfKERqnrw==

14-3. Confidence in the parliament (1=none - 10=a great deal)

f2537505 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:mUvD64szTKMhFGVZJGWoLw==

14-4. Confidence in the armed forces (1=none - 10=a great deal)

f2537505 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:NOLldkkfqrCECk4NvMKlCw==

14-5. Confidence in the police (1=none - 10=a great deal)

f2537505 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:vfxGnuzWhgvHhZeumjjBkQ==

14-6. Confidence in the elect.authorities (1=none - 10=a great deal)

f2537505 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:JvseO4z3CtndjyV3/h5/9Q==

14-7. Confidence in television (1=none - 10=a great deal)

f2537505 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:zQnNSNjBWpU6YPA7pnGVMA==

14-8. Confidence in the press (1=none - 10=a great deal)

f2537505 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:/m8U8J5u3KYLuOOaO/9TtQ==

14-9. Confidence in political parties (1=none - 10=a great deal)

f2537505 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:Hh0IWOQMBtEyy4vIQGLlJw==

EXPERT BACKGROUND SECTION

f2537505 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:MgueqfgRLJA/pprVu3EGzg==

15-0. International or domestic expert

f2537505 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency	Text
0.	international	643
1.	domestic	786

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:s0e5L5M5RSlzwx3ulH036w==

15-1. Employment type

f2537505 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency
3.	3Fulltime	1131
2.	2Parttime	69
1.	1Unemployed	52

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:MMqNOuBd0WbWrOTau/6bvA==

15-2. Works (or has worked) in the government public sector

f2537505 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency	Text
1.	Yes	0
0.	No	0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:Iq//cVCWUhVpsXk8li+x3g==

15-3. Works (or has worked) in a university

f2537505 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency	Text
0.	No	0
1.	Yes	0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:wGwZ3jmyOdrIXKMLuhEMfg==

15-4. Works (or has worked) in private non-profit sector/NGOs

f2537505 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency	Text
1.	Yes	0
0.	No	0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:OYRC5TzouDicXsMqBSSXgQ==

15-5. Works (or has worked) in an international agency

f2537505 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency	Text
0.	No	0
1.	Yes	0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:8XWfvyGgHsMUuzQSuksIPQ==

15-6. Works (or has worked) in an private business or industry

f2537505 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency	Text
0.	No	0
1.	Yes	0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:DsOErEU0HUKkAGPUefulOg==

15-7. Most recent occupation

f2537505 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency
5.	Professl	65
2.	ElectionOff	10
6.	Academic	1249
2147483635.	Not applicable/don't know	0
4.	Journalist	10
3.	IntlOff	45
1.	CivilSer	14
8.	Politician	5
7.	Lawyer	9

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:cRMEEDm8CHd8XqOlFHpRWw==

15-8. Expert's age group (by decade)

f2537505 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency	Text
6.	70-79	0
7.	80-89	0
5.	60-69	0
1.	20-29	0
4.	50-59	0
3.	40-49	0
2.	30-39	0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:CbDrXc1XHDaHEPlaJ9Ocpg==

15-9. Sex (1=female; 0=male)

f2537505 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency	Text
1.	Female	403
0.	Male	1021

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:JU2qnPry+Fpx1xOgG6sDRw==

15-10. Highest level of education

f2537505 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency
4.	Undergrad	37
3.	Secondary	1
5.	Grad	1362
2.	Primary	0
1.	Noformaled	1
2147483625.	Don't know	0
2147483636.	Other	0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:mS37/mqRA82QyLuXcoNSLg==

15-11. Were you born in this country?

f2537505 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency	Text
1.	Yes	822
0.	No	573

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:SOes1bPDqXCgm8Rct4F2ug==

15-12. # years lived in this country

f2537505 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency
0.	Never	123
4.	10Yrsormore	349
1.	Less1Yr	90
2147483625.	Don't Know	0
3.	5to9Yrs	74
5.	Life	586
2.	1to4Yrs	186

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:eYs6w9KQybDjLN/Bh7jY6w==

15-13. Expert was a candidate for elected office

f2537505 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency	Text
1.	Yes	0
0.	No	0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:3EfpE/bF5LGA4bRgKx3RpA==

15-14. Expert was an elected representative

f2537505 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency	Text
1.	Yes	0
0.	No	0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:rsqRukB4GXP6M5OPSKlCDg==

15-15. Expert was an election activist

f2537505 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency	Text
1.	Yes	0
0.	No	0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:zvXhN6E//tNee/c7JPohbg==

15-16. Expert was election NGO watch personnel

f2537505 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency	Text
0.	No	0
1.	Yes	0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:ygmth8us/nf/LDJNDmC1vQ==

15-17. Expert voted in this election

f2537505 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency	Text
0.	No	0
1.	Yes	0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:oRvJAw7zvXzkfaoMe3nScg==

15-18. Expert did not participate in any role in this election

f2537505 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency	Text
1.	Yes	0
0.	No	0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:vI/PFhR7RYtXCxAJOF2wZA==

15-19. Expert was a national official electoral monitor

f2537505 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency	Text
1.	Yes	0
0.	No	0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:5Qf3+ctVvWuj6HqxlzRlxA==

15-20. Expert was an election official

f2537505 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency	Text
1.	Yes	0
0.	No	0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:dwgmcEv0omhA1HtloA8OaA==

15-21. Expert is a citizen of this country

f2537505 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency	Text
0.	No	528
1.	Yes	901

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:ixy3cJzqfMu2/cnHCcqqog==

15-22. Support the winning or losing side

f2537505 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency	Text
1.	Winner	0
7.	No answer	0
4.	Didn't vote	0
6.	Independent	0
2.	Loser	0
5.	Decline to state	0
3.	None	0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:HrKpqTp8PVXnB0CsMczL8Q==

15-23. Political views on 10pt left/right scale

f2537505 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:ISVh4Aj8ka57Oys9wHN6xA==

VIGNETTES SECTION

f2537505 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:MgueqfgRLJA/pprVu3EGzg==

16-1. Vignette A (Queues)

f2537505 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:mUMQ6/ZHkbQsee8FJi84/g==

16-2. Vignette B (Boycotts)

f2537505 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:Y8kDOPtXucB5duaFFaX6TA==

16-3. Vignette C (Violence)

f2537505 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:sDr5JLGXoLzv/Gh9eVRvXQ==

Country-Year

f2537505 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:5:I2NYBZKOpdjlBU36gAT/3A==

Other Study-Related Materials

Label:

PEI 3 Codebook 2012-2014.pdf

Text:

Codebook for expert, election, and country-level data

Notes:

application/pdf

Other Study-Related Materials

Label:

PEI election-level data (PEI_3).csv

Text:

Notes:

text/plain; charset=US-ASCII

Other Study-Related Materials

Label:

PEI election-level data (PEI_3).xlsx

Text:

Notes:

application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.spreadsheetml.sheet