The Currency Constraint: Explaining the Selective Enforcement of U.S. Financial Sanctions (doi:10.7910/DVN/3IZMIA)

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Part 1: Document Description
Part 2: Study Description
Part 3: Data Files Description
Part 4: Variable Description
Part 5: Other Study-Related Materials
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Document Description

Citation

Title:

The Currency Constraint: Explaining the Selective Enforcement of U.S. Financial Sanctions

Identification Number:

doi:10.7910/DVN/3IZMIA

Distributor:

Harvard Dataverse

Date of Distribution:

2024-10-30

Version:

1

Bibliographic Citation:

Bapat, Navin, 2024, "The Currency Constraint: Explaining the Selective Enforcement of U.S. Financial Sanctions", https://doi.org/10.7910/DVN/3IZMIA, Harvard Dataverse, V1, UNF:6:HYSL65KW9PSf2WyQd0Soow== [fileUNF]

Study Description

Citation

Title:

The Currency Constraint: Explaining the Selective Enforcement of U.S. Financial Sanctions

Identification Number:

doi:10.7910/DVN/3IZMIA

Authoring Entity:

Bapat, Navin (University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill)

Distributor:

Harvard Dataverse

Access Authority:

Bapat, Navin

Depositor:

Bapat, Navin

Date of Deposit:

2024-07-11

Holdings Information:

https://doi.org/10.7910/DVN/3IZMIA

Study Scope

Keywords:

Social Sciences

Abstract:

Economic sanctions remain one of the most widely used foreign policy tools. At the same time, their enforcement is often incomplete and selective. If sender states are concerned about sanctions effectiveness, variation in enforcement is counterproductive. We argue that sender states face a trade-off between effective coercion in the present and the ability to use coercion in the future. We develop a formal model to explore the mixed incentives of senders such as the U.S. in enforcing their financial sanctions against banks. Using data on U.S. enforcement actions taken in support of the Iranian sanctions regime from 2003 to 2014 and three illustrative case examples, we evaluate the hypothesis that sanctions enforcement should be greater when the position of the U.S. dollar is strong relative to alternative settlement mechanisms. Our findings support this contention.

Methodology and Processing

Sources Statement

Data Access

Other Study Description Materials

File Description--f10386143

File: iranmid.tab

  • Number of cases: 58

  • No. of variables per record: 3

  • Type of File: text/tab-separated-values

Notes:

UNF:6:FNQGmb5/QyPWUSJJimizHg==

File Description--f10386144

File: iraqbodycount.tab

  • Number of cases: 255

  • No. of variables per record: 4

  • Type of File: text/tab-separated-values

Notes:

UNF:6:bWJysigM82mLI8/oqWZ4yQ==

File Description--f10386145

File: rep2_goldoilI.tab

  • Number of cases: 255

  • No. of variables per record: 7

  • Type of File: text/tab-separated-values

Notes:

UNF:6:8WM2GVd1X5kt+rUM2pZ5IA==

File Description--f10386141

File: rep3_dollarindex.tab

  • Number of cases: 255

  • No. of variables per record: 3

  • Type of File: text/tab-separated-values

Notes:

UNF:6:SPT69jTSzPjT6UB9My3rsA==

File Description--f10386142

File: US Sanctions OFAC Enforcement Data - 2003 - 2018.tab

  • Number of cases: 740

  • No. of variables per record: 81

  • Type of File: text/tab-separated-values

Notes:

UNF:6:WlA+rSjKAKmR4qLx483U1Q==

Variable Description

List of Variables:

Variables

month

f10386143 Location:

Summary Statistics: Valid 58.0; Max. 12.0; Mean 6.758620689655172; Min. 1.0; StDev 3.424936136311164

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:5CcfjHVwlFD7MgOhmH4ybA==

year

f10386143 Location:

Summary Statistics: StDev 3.1051349856144532; Mean 2009.2758620689656; Min. 2003.0; Valid 58.0; Max. 2014.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:IZEhlHvcqpSlziRgZK1V1Q==

(sum) mid

f10386143 Location:

Summary Statistics: Min. 1.0; Valid 58.0; StDev 0.8834021021297079; Mean 1.5172413793103445; Max. 5.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:tbYaON8ZS/FoP8IUfTZp0Q==

iraqdeath

f10386144 Location:

Summary Statistics: Mean 289.0495495495498; Min. 0.0; Valid 222.0; Max. 2445.0; StDev 344.28698998130096

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:V+L52x/bC6EqYm1Pz5Zvgg==

iraqincident

f10386144 Location:

Summary Statistics: Max. 152.0; Min. 0.0; StDev 32.48256510172224; Mean 58.24324324324324; Valid 222.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:FjvGO/mYfnNLnYD9+IvHcA==

year

f10386144 Location:

Summary Statistics: Min. 2003.0; Valid 255.0; Max. 2019.0; StDev 4.692192918699106; Mean 2010.6470588235295;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:0jQty76kKY7ELHDfUnxV8Q==

month

f10386144 Location:

Summary Statistics: Min. 1.0; StDev 3.4399634841928046; Valid 255.0; Mean 6.48235294117647; Max. 12.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:PiFRbDRihRuztvDCwnnomw==

Date

f10386145 Location:

Variable Format: character

Notes: UNF:6:9Fd4wXO+dVhrFkbas7C2nQ==

inflationrate

f10386145 Location:

Summary Statistics: Min. -2.0999999046325684; StDev 1.2985552310403747; Max. 5.599999904632568; Valid 244.0; Mean 2.2327868862718843;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:/AMS4YspVxVP0i2BQ8lZHg==

goldpricelondon

f10386145 Location:

Summary Statistics: Max. 1780.6500244140625; Mean 1044.5879514100131; Min. 328.2099914550781; Valid 244.0; StDev 432.04616956272207

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:eCZ9y/pW1l/wNOWc3hy+Uw==

Cushing, OK WTI Spot Price FOB (Dollars per Barrel)

f10386145 Location:

Summary Statistics: Max. 133.8800048828125; Valid 244.0; StDev 24.756424447045095; Mean 70.43401629807516; Min. 28.110000610351562

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:DHvNiS52mCBvFGqVB0L+LA==

year

f10386145 Location:

Summary Statistics: StDev 4.692192918699106; Mean 2010.6470588235295; Min. 2003.0; Valid 255.0; Max. 2019.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:0jQty76kKY7ELHDfUnxV8Q==

month

f10386145 Location:

Summary Statistics: StDev 3.4399634841928046; Max. 12.0; Min. 1.0; Valid 255.0; Mean 6.48235294117647

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:PiFRbDRihRuztvDCwnnomw==

EURUSD

f10386145 Location:

Summary Statistics: StDev 0.12108247477509033; Valid 244.0; Mean 1.2827049220194584; Max. 1.5800000429153442; Min. 1.0199999809265137

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:U1EXv8aTVn9SMGf/rit9JA==

dollarindex

f10386141 Location:

Summary Statistics: Min. 71.80000305175781; Mean 85.31422117889903; Valid 244.0; StDev 7.589750269662565; Max. 102.38999938964844

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:qOzPyemw8UkfG3+YOoF7lA==

year

f10386141 Location:

Summary Statistics: Valid 255.0; Max. 2019.0; Mean 2010.6470588235295; Min. 2003.0; StDev 4.692192918699106

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:0jQty76kKY7ELHDfUnxV8Q==

month

f10386141 Location:

Summary Statistics: StDev 3.4399634841928046; Valid 255.0; Min. 1.0; Max. 12.0; Mean 6.48235294117647

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:PiFRbDRihRuztvDCwnnomw==

Date

f10386142 Location:

Variable Format: character

Notes: UNF:6:ZOeKo7e+jvxoeSHUOHBTVw==

month

f10386142 Location:

Summary Statistics: Min. 1.0; StDev 3.172220837500982; Max. 12.0; Valid 740.0; Mean 6.170270270270274

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:gNhBJj4MA/gz3rsF8EzGPw==

Year

f10386142 Location:

Summary Statistics: Valid 740.0; StDev 4.519209306070656; Max. 2019.0; Min. 2003.0; Mean 2007.0405405405406

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:EM+e8W+wRPubTW1nby0V9A==

Entity Name (a number indicates individuals)

f10386142 Location:

Variable Format: character

Notes: UNF:6:b5o4lxMGGkelwVmdSd0eDQ==

State

f10386142 Location:

Variable Format: character

Notes: UNF:6:S4eTf3tdbJGzhwgbrEhYmA==

Country

f10386142 Location:

Variable Format: character

Notes: UNF:6:lbFSLmSW61Co5BYLKwIcbQ==

COWcode, 999 = 95,70

f10386142 Location:

Summary Statistics: Min. 2.0; Mean 31.129905277402106; StDev 122.00145234981977; Max. 999.0; Valid 739.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:wbocYEa+y59exIPY/CAikQ==

Industry

f10386142 Location:

Variable Format: character

Notes: UNF:6:bh85akpNqBONzSiaOcuISA==

Financial services (incl. insurance, pension fund, BD) or Not

f10386142 Location:

Variable Format: character

Notes: UNF:6:rON9y4cmpy8+GhuVH18S6g==

Financial Services? (1=yes, 0=no)

f10386142 Location:

Summary Statistics: StDev 0.4656019232828565; Max. 1.0; Valid 732.0; Min. 0.0; Mean 0.31693989071038237

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:CXXRhvqoU7wzl9aZnOU7MA==

Penalty/Settlement Amount

f10386142 Location:

Summary Statistics: Mean 7711105.133702665; Max. 9.636199E8; Valid 740.0; StDev 6.189039332134465E7; Min. 0.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:CBQUvsxWxVxgLcM8kg5VRg==

Voluntary disclosure?

f10386142 Location:

Variable Format: character

Notes: UNF:6:YDQf5K860tyGSmgyiKD9bw==

Voluntary Disclosure (1=yes, 0=no)

f10386142 Location:

Summary Statistics: Mean 0.3202702702702698; Max. 9.0; StDev 0.8413340347200262; Min. 0.0; Valid 740.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:gxpj9TT0ZKbDdfH2fCQOXQ==

Penalty Assessed (A)/(Informal) Settlement (S)/Hearing (H)/Customs Forfeiture (C

f10386142 Location:

Variable Format: character

Notes: UNF:6:YGI/z/5SUbJEYiJ/E4Lyxw==

Penalty Type (1=A, 2=C&D, 3=CF, 4=H, 5=L, 6=S, 7=S&L

f10386142 Location:

Summary Statistics: Max. 10.0; Valid 710.0; StDev 1.422553198113205; Min. 1.0; Mean 5.561971830985915;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:aCcqfABp7ztpqcS6J0GTBw==

Detail of sanctions program violated

f10386142 Location:

Variable Format: character

Notes: UNF:6:RrNBTxSy5dI/5VcnuVEo1w==

Sanctions Program Violated

f10386142 Location:

Variable Format: character

Notes: UNF:6:2M7TeBpOY2iHf3GC3/tVvw==

SancProgNumericString

f10386142 Location:

Variable Format: character

Notes: UNF:6:S/e8v7UgpNW7R88isMKJRw==

SanctionsProgramNumeric

f10386142 Location:

Summary Statistics: Valid 728.0; Min. 1.0; StDev 4.962534787317348; Mean 8.406593406593409; Max. 21.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:tOv2hksejlhHKwPHDKHy0w==

1 = entity, 0 = not an entity

f10386142 Location:

Summary Statistics: Mean 1.0; Max. 1.0; StDev 0.0; Valid 740.0; Min. 1.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:5HGiDkIh8R7G+4hquTvzzw==

Sanctions Program Code 1

f10386142 Location:

Summary Statistics: Mean 0.005405405405405444; Min. 0.0; Valid 740.0; Max. 1.0; StDev 0.07337207879285489;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:c59skw687hoyl4OW4/XnMw==

Sanctions Program Code 10

f10386142 Location:

Summary Statistics: Mean 0.1635135135135132; StDev 0.3700836771577466; Min. 0.0; Max. 1.0; Valid 740.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:9t9VAhcxvGJ1tU4VZ7lIvA==

Sanctions Program Code 11

f10386142 Location:

Summary Statistics: Valid 740.0; Min. 0.0; StDev 0.10968364239046136; Mean 0.012162162162162095; Max. 1.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:lr9M2PX4eZlg8iCSdwIOfg==

Sanctions Program Code 12

f10386142 Location:

Summary Statistics: StDev 0.3463779594845278; Mean 0.13918918918918954; Valid 740.0; Max. 1.0; Min. 0.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:RmHQlkIvU3ecUm6uPfxL0A==

Sanctions Program Code 13

f10386142 Location:

Summary Statistics: Valid 740.0; Max. 1.0; StDev 0.15415825024726773; Mean 0.024324324324324412; Min. 0.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:zMJryhbwmO15VBY3svD+5Q==

Sanctions Program Code 15

f10386142 Location:

Summary Statistics: Max. 1.0; Mean 0.002702702702702726; StDev 0.0519523383451853; Valid 740.0; Min. 0.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:ynKZy+aAYXRaaaANuWrNQQ==

Sanctions Program Code 17

f10386142 Location:

Summary Statistics: StDev 0.10348143795893065; Min. 0.0; Valid 740.0; Mean 0.01081081081081088; Max. 1.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:Tr3KYTlhwvZI0can7S2EGg==

Sanctions Program Code 18

f10386142 Location:

Summary Statistics: Mean 0.0027027027027027263; Min. 0.0; Valid 740.0; Max. 1.0; StDev 0.05195233834518525

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:Jcp/9lBgUXyzRHP+bXXNLw==

Sanctions Program Code 19

f10386142 Location:

Summary Statistics: Valid 740.0; Min. 0.0; Mean 0.004054054054054016; Max. 1.0; StDev 0.06358523668701528;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:O+MAlovREFeIohKYfSba4A==

Sanctions Program Code 2

f10386142 Location:

Summary Statistics: Min. 0.0; Valid 740.0; Max. 1.0; Mean 0.022972972972973155; StDev 0.14991860425524134

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:2pkToi1EG0/XwAzNnbQrEg==

Sanctions Program Code 3 (also against Charles Taylor)

f10386142 Location:

Summary Statistics: StDev 0.08973989893328699; Valid 740.0; Max. 1.0; Mean 0.008108108108108072; Min. 0.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:Mw77ahvxDf/KfkSlTthq9A==

Sanctions Program Code 4

f10386142 Location:

Summary Statistics: Valid 740.0; Max. 1.0; Min. 0.0; Mean 0.2945945945945945; StDev 0.4561686331744602

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:/PgEZ32rVtuXeiLb3Fh2Fg==

Sanctions Program Code 5

f10386142 Location:

Summary Statistics: Valid 740.0; Min. 0.0; StDev 0.1842458441996807; Max. 1.0; Mean 0.03513513513513492

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:xjqwuP45wFfV33TawmYqvw==

Sanctions Program Code 6

f10386142 Location:

Summary Statistics: Mean 0.3216216216216205; Valid 740.0; StDev 0.4674145831008461; Min. 0.0; Max. 1.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:TRuW+F9RawPxCBR1DakLqg==

Sanctions Program Code 7

f10386142 Location:

Summary Statistics: Max. 1.0; Mean 0.024324324324324294; Valid 740.0; StDev 0.1541582502472678; Min. 0.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:5yOabTJH42AwAlfaLGzH0Q==

Sanctions Program Code 8

f10386142 Location:

Summary Statistics: Mean 0.08513513513513528; Min. 0.0; Valid 740.0; StDev 0.27927144362418055; Max. 1.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:ZRecJQ3SsokJ907Kk0ZPEw==

Sanctions Program Code 9

f10386142 Location:

Summary Statistics: Min. 0.0; Mean 0.0054054054054054335; StDev 0.07337207879285405; Valid 740.0; Max. 1.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:d/oFTMsCw7mRxjIurD2HkA==

Sanctions Program Code 14

f10386142 Location:

Summary Statistics: Min. 0.0; StDev 0.06358523668701513; Mean 0.004054054054054031; Valid 740.0; Max. 1.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:Rqk5bcEkP+vVTwXCNUdAYQ==

Sanctions Program Code 16

f10386142 Location:

Summary Statistics: Mean 0.0054054054054054525; Max. 1.0; StDev 0.07337207879285428; Valid 740.0; Min. 0.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:/M+OmKmtCNLDCTvaEOdjPg==

Foreign or Domestic? (1=Foreign, 0=Domestic)

f10386142 Location:

Summary Statistics: Valid 740.0; StDev 0.28520940129898986; Min. 0.0; Mean 0.0891891891891896; Max. 1.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:3MO0GJx/8PdN8VxdB6P9eA==

Tourism/Travel (1=yes, 0 = no)

f10386142 Location:

Summary Statistics: Max. 1.0; StDev 0.2124176019332871; Valid 740.0; Mean 0.047297297297297265; Min. 0.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:w9KdTQ6SJRWdcqBE/K91Dg==

Wholesale? (1=yes, 0=no)

f10386142 Location:

Summary Statistics: Max. 1.0; Min. 0.0; Mean 0.013513513513513566; Valid 740.0; StDev 0.11553760241090046;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:Doyr6kF9RZClNF+V/mihAQ==

Transportation Services Sector (1=yes, 0=no)

f10386142 Location:

Summary Statistics: StDev 0.27314421222132473; Mean 0.08108108108108113; Min. 0.0; Valid 740.0; Max. 1.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:CILsEKNyAAkA2dsvIpCPqQ==

Trading? (1=yes, 0=no)

f10386142 Location:

Summary Statistics: Valid 740.0; StDev 0.1541582502472678; Mean 0.02432432432432435; Min. 0.0; Max. 1.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:IdZsFRcHD2lR4GUxuAXALQ==

Retail? (1=yes, 0=no)

f10386142 Location:

Summary Statistics: Min. 0.0; Mean 0.006765899864681994; Valid 739.0; StDev 0.08203187380951325; Max. 1.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:fMYyrhrUJIs/OlKvgy6qPw==

Restaurants, Bars, Food? (1=yes, 0=no)

f10386142 Location:

Summary Statistics: Valid 740.0; StDev 0.10348143795892996; Mean 0.010810810810810846; Min. 0.0; Max. 1.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:jYopcNy0m1Gj5QgRl9Iyug==

Real Estate (1=yes, 0=no)

f10386142 Location:

Summary Statistics: Min. 0.0; Valid 740.0; Max. 1.0; Mean 0.006756756756756743; StDev 0.08197673038768825

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:Hs87NRdATG77FBOqtVhR0Q==

Airlines or Aviation? (1=yes, 0=no)

f10386142 Location:

Summary Statistics: Mean 0.027027027027027035; Min. 0.0; StDev 0.16227184236554512; Max. 1.0; Valid 740.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:Es3TL2pElC5U2axTj81ieQ==

Arts, Entertainment, Recreation? (1=yes, 0=no)

f10386142 Location:

Summary Statistics: Min. 0.0; Mean 0.013513513513513455; Max. 1.0; StDev 0.11553760241090041; Valid 740.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:5dMNzKlGaCZtbhlWUDLHFw==

Business Services? (1=yes, 0=no)

f10386142 Location:

Summary Statistics: Valid 740.0; Mean 0.03918918918918925; StDev 0.1941760759262806; Max. 1.0; Min. 0.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:eGtOD36KUkWUH6BqVbSPhw==

SectChemical

f10386142 Location:

Summary Statistics: StDev 0.12109383341239706; Min. 0.0; Mean 0.01486486486486488; Valid 740.0; Max. 1.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:QcXwVKSdtwYKiqI2RsZnnA==

SectConstruction

f10386142 Location:

Summary Statistics: Min. 0.0; StDev 0.07337207879285455; Valid 740.0; Max. 1.0; Mean 0.005405405405405443

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:8nPg8EPSIaO+ubfLqp7AJw==

SectEcommerce

f10386142 Location:

Summary Statistics: Min. 0.0; Valid 740.0; StDev 0.0635852366870149; Max. 1.0; Mean 0.004054054054054055

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:lIDHmxnbkvqtXcDoSgzyaw==

SectEduc

f10386142 Location:

Summary Statistics: Mean 0.009459459459459448; Max. 1.0; Valid 740.0; StDev 0.09686411798435586; Min. 0.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:tBBvmYt/D2tUIcC+8UE4tw==

SectFinBank

f10386142 Location:

Summary Statistics: Valid 740.0; Min. 0.0; Mean 0.2351351351351354; StDev 0.42437008398564596; Max. 1.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:wai2yewlwgQ449VoTcPs9A==

SectFinCreditCard

f10386142 Location:

Summary Statistics: Max. 1.0; StDev 0.08973989893328717; Mean 0.008108108108108114; Valid 740.0; Min. 0.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:6FJFWg7YpmbDXco8S9hYvg==

SectFinCreditUnion

f10386142 Location:

Summary Statistics: Min. 0.0; Mean 0.013513513513513478; Max. 1.0; Valid 740.0; StDev 0.11553760241090025

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:Dk3GKZLI2rc46EcjLz1cbw==

SectFinInsurance

f10386142 Location:

Summary Statistics: Valid 740.0; Max. 1.0; StDev 0.14554295737413628; Mean 0.021621621621621814; Min. 0.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:+QdbB7H4ynlQTUxaZdA9IA==

SectFinMSB

f10386142 Location:

Summary Statistics: Min. 0.0; StDev 0.05195233834518506; Mean 0.0027027027027027232; Max. 1.0; Valid 740.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:xNzw0EsaP46MOT/TSNiFlw==

SectFinOther

f10386142 Location:

Summary Statistics: Min. 0.0; Valid 740.0; StDev 0.15415825024726781; Mean 0.024324324324324242; Max. 1.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:5kqNXR2BHWNsoIfYcRmHKw==

SectFinPensionFund

f10386142 Location:

Summary Statistics: Min. 0.0; Mean 0.0013513513513513616; Max. 1.0; Valid 740.0; StDev 0.03676073110469072

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:OJDV0Jwuk/6yICBf+Da5Zw==

SectFinSecurities

f10386142 Location:

Summary Statistics: Valid 740.0; Max. 1.0; Mean 0.004054054054054036; StDev 0.06358523668701507; Min. 0.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:PTVc3WolmuYAerUHN58Ktw==

SectFoodBev

f10386142 Location:

Summary Statistics: Valid 740.0; Min. 0.0; Max. 1.0; StDev 0.07337207879285415; Mean 0.005405405405405436

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:OsiW/tLBI7Vi6AYMEuGL5A==

SectITTelecom

f10386142 Location:

Summary Statistics: Valid 740.0; Mean 0.0540540540540541; Min. 0.0; StDev 0.2262772732321513; Max. 1.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:MTXDHRF6PZlDxYx8RfyAQw==

SectIndividual

f10386142 Location:

Summary Statistics: Min. 0.0; StDev 0.05195233834518548; Max. 1.0; Mean 0.0027027027027027198; Valid 740.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:ZbwL8U10ewCcGk0WToD8xA==

SectManufacturing

f10386142 Location:

Summary Statistics: Max. 1.0; Min. 0.0; Mean 0.12432432432432428; StDev 0.3301743545678437; Valid 740.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:s6GI6qO/gj7Inzm6cSHz0A==

SectMedia

f10386142 Location:

Summary Statistics: Min. 0.0; Mean 0.006756756756756736; Max. 1.0; StDev 0.08197673038768784; Valid 740.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:YN5j/ShNdnlWwtZyZ4y3eA==

SectMedPharm

f10386142 Location:

Summary Statistics: Valid 740.0; StDev 0.21527792606648405; Min. 0.0; Mean 0.048648648648648575; Max. 1.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:E4zSTstJDZDDfQAmx2RLSg==

SectMining

f10386142 Location:

Summary Statistics: Mean 0.00270270270270272; Valid 740.0; Min. 0.0; StDev 0.05195233834518525; Max. 1.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:nZvPZS5moNgljRj8vKZ21w==

SectNonProfit

f10386142 Location:

Summary Statistics: Max. 1.0; Min. 0.0; StDev 0.15827282487397668; Mean 0.025675675675675684; Valid 740.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:Fsk1k90PC57LXe4ONwyOQw==

SectOffshoreSvcs

f10386142 Location:

Summary Statistics: Mean 0.029729729729729794; Valid 740.0; Max. 1.0; Min. 0.0; StDev 0.16995560172420626;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:p55utswB39c3XmYEzBNruw==

SectOilGas

f10386142 Location:

Summary Statistics: StDev 0.10968364239046136; Max. 1.0; Min. 0.0; Valid 740.0; Mean 0.012162162162162161

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:jITsY54YiQop1ptd3HfvAg==

SectOtherUnknown

f10386142 Location:

Summary Statistics: Min. 0.0; Mean 0.0554054054054053; StDev 0.22892458584853748; Valid 740.0; Max. 1.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:hcuJmpIQ1VvLzxG6ld1oHA==

SectProfServSector

f10386142 Location:

Summary Statistics: StDev 0.13633088348001063; Valid 740.0; Mean 0.018918918918918896; Max. 1.0; Min. 0.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:wY3FcRUnuKRvYhNRdX8URw==

Name of Administration (string)

f10386142 Location:

Variable Format: character

Notes: UNF:6:bZXDqxcCXedTewo3LWvdzA==

1 = IEEPEA in force, 0 = pre-IEEPEA

f10386142 Location:

Summary Statistics: Min. 0.0; StDev 0.48056055663927183; Max. 1.0; Valid 740.0; Mean 0.3608108108108113;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:gm5oZIpPWwidAfCbS3Y52w==

Use to convert current amount to real dollar amount

f10386142 Location:

Summary Statistics: Min. 0.987060010433197; StDev 0.10557365254680899; Valid 740.0; Max. 1.3370764255523682; Mean 1.2260192408755022

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:E1Z5wYXU+UWpMgc0aDL06g==

Real Penalty Amounts in 2018 USD for WQ

f10386142 Location:

Summary Statistics: Min. 0.0; Valid 736.0; Max. 1.025922368E9; Mean 8303030.170044259; StDev 6.598381672492357E7;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:96gwFNV1Z/WwI+6ujzT+yA==

Penalty Amount in Real 2018 USD

f10386142 Location:

Summary Statistics: Valid 736.0; Min. 0.0; Max. 1.025922368E9; StDev 6.5983816725493655E7; Mean 8303030.164707746

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:THnc8D08EDvM4d8yC2hpVg==

Includes all financial sectors without Insurance

f10386142 Location:

Summary Statistics: Valid 738.0; Mean 0.28997289972899715; StDev 0.4540572403948015; Max. 1.0; Min. 0.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:iM33IqsMHAsnkV2p7EhdRA==

iranfin2

f10386142 Location:

Summary Statistics: Valid 740.0; Min. 0.0; Mean 0.10000000000000028; Max. 1.0; StDev 0.30020290837625796;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:dPG+wkW97m7PxSN26NEsbQ==

Other Study-Related Materials

Label:

CurrencyConstraintdo_7.9.2024.do

Notes:

application/x-stata-syntax