Replication data for: Aggressive Multilateralism: The Determinants of GATT/WTO Dispute Initiation, 1948-1998 (doi:10.7910/DVN/5TYK6H)

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Part 1: Document Description
Part 2: Study Description
Part 3: Data Files Description
Part 4: Variable Description
Part 5: Other Study-Related Materials
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Document Description

Citation

Title:

Replication data for: Aggressive Multilateralism: The Determinants of GATT/WTO Dispute Initiation, 1948-1998

Identification Number:

doi:10.7910/DVN/5TYK6H

Distributor:

Harvard Dataverse

Date of Distribution:

2007-11-28

Version:

1

Bibliographic Citation:

Eric Reinhardt, 2007, "Replication data for: Aggressive Multilateralism: The Determinants of GATT/WTO Dispute Initiation, 1948-1998", https://doi.org/10.7910/DVN/5TYK6H, Harvard Dataverse, V1, UNF:3:Y0AlIE0S4EqvitW53OOHGA== [fileUNF]

Study Description

Citation

Title:

Replication data for: Aggressive Multilateralism: The Determinants of GATT/WTO Dispute Initiation, 1948-1998

Identification Number:

doi:10.7910/DVN/5TYK6H

Authoring Entity:

Eric Reinhardt (Emory University)

Date of Production:

1999

Distributor:

Harvard Dataverse

Distributor:

Eric Reinhardt

Date of Deposit:

2007

Date of Distribution:

2007

Holdings Information:

https://doi.org/10.7910/DVN/5TYK6H

Study Scope

Abstract:

Why do states initiate trade disputes under the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) or its successor, the World Trade Organization (WTO)? Existing studies suggest that democracies should either experience and litigate fewer trade conflicts or at least resolve them more cooperatively. Other works contend that improvements in the trade dispute settlement regime account for the rising number of trade complaints in recent years. This paper provides the first large-scale test of these hypotheses and others, using multivariate regression and exhaustive new data on dispute initiation within all GATT/WTO directed dyads from 1948 through 1998. The evidence contradicts prevailing explanations. It turns out that democracies participate in more, not fewer, GATT/WTO disputes, and they resolve those disputes less cooperatively as well. Moreover, changes in the dispute settlement regime have not had the predicted impact.

Time Period:

1948-1998

Methodology and Processing

Sources Statement

Data Access

Notes:

<a href="http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0">CC0 1.0</a>

Other Study Description Materials

Related Publications

Citation

Title:

Eric Reinhardt. 2000. “Aggressive Multilateralism: The Determinants of GATT/WTO Dispute Initiation, 1948-1998,” prepared for delivery at the 1999 Annual Meeting of the International Studies Association, Washington, DC. <a href="http://userwww.service.emory.edu/~erein/research/initiation.pdf" target= "_new"> manuscript available here </a>

Bibliographic Citation:

Eric Reinhardt. 2000. “Aggressive Multilateralism: The Determinants of GATT/WTO Dispute Initiation, 1948-1998,” prepared for delivery at the 1999 Annual Meeting of the International Studies Association, Washington, DC. <a href="http://userwww.service.emory.edu/~erein/research/initiation.pdf" target= "_new"> manuscript available here </a>

File Description--f111143

File: awe.tab

  • Number of cases: 298

  • No. of variables per record: 28

  • Type of File: text/tab-separated-values

Notes:

UNF:3:AUAk3cCweFKc5lgSzbIHnQ==

Data file for this study

File Description--f111144

File: busch-reinhardt-jwt.tab

  • Number of cases: 380

  • No. of variables per record: 30

  • Type of File: text/tab-separated-values

Notes:

UNF:3:pVCWe46Yoauetdshe8q4bA==

Data file for this study

File Description--f112158

File: imfcodes.tab

  • Number of cases: 138

  • No. of variables per record: 12

  • Type of File: text/tab-separated-values

Notes:

UNF:3:v4FVZY7z0Ygd02WSl28U4Q==

Data file for this study

Variable Description

List of Variables:
  • case - Case Number, Unique
  • year - Start year of dispute
  • multi - Multilateral Dispute
  • admit - Defendant admits legal liability
  • rulp - Panel ruled for plaintiff
  • ruld - Panel ruled for defendant
  • duration - Duration of Dispute (years)
  • concede - Level of concessions by defendant
  • disc - Disputed policy is discriminatory
  • ntb - Disputed policy includes NTB
  • many - >1 kind of disputed policy
  • panel - Panel established
  • ldc1 - Developing country plaintiff
  • ldc2 - Developing country defendant
  • tradep1 - Bilateral trade over plaintiff's GDP
  • tradep2 - Bilateral trade over defendant's GDP
  • gdprat - Plaintiff's GDP over sum of both's GDP
  • ruling - Panel ruled
  • ruldir - Direction of ruling: 1 plaint, 2 mixed, 3 def
  • sdate - Start Date
  • title - Title of Case
  • hudec - Hudec Case ID
  • art22ai - AI Art 22 Case?
  • art23ai - AI Art 23 Case ID
  • stnam1 - State Name, Plaintiff (St1)
  • stnam2 - State Name, Defendant (St2)
  • stnum - State Code, Plaintiff
  • stnum2 - State Code, Defendant
  • case - Case Number, Unique
  • ds - WTO Dispute Number
  • hudec - Hudec Case ID
  • stnam1 - State Name, Plaintiff (St1)
  • stnam2 - State Name, Defendant (St2)
  • stnum1 - State Code, Plaintiff
  • stnum2 - State Code, Defendant
  • year - Start Year
  • sdate - Start Date
  • title - Title of Dispute
  • concessions - Level of concessions by defendant
  • panel - Ruling body established (panel/WP/Code cmte)
  • ag - Agriculture Case
  • multilateral - Multilateral Case
  • discrim - Discriminatory measures were the target of the complaint
  • wto - WTO Dispute (has DS #) but could also be GATT disp
  • gatt - GATT Dispute (first filed under GATT procedures) but could also have continued u
  • lnpc951 - Complainant's (log) per capita GDP, const 1995
  • lnpc952 - Defendant's (log) per capita GDP, const 1995
  • lng951 - Complainant's (log) GDP, const 1995
  • lng952 - Defendant's (log) GDP, const 1995
  • ruldir - Ruling Issuance and Direction
  • ruling1 - Dummy: 1 if ruldir==1, for complainant
  • ruling2 - Dummy: 1 if ruldir==2, mixed
  • ruling3 - Dummy: 1 if ruldir==3, for defendant
  • sensitive - Politically 'sensitive' case
  • ruling - Ruling Issued
  • wtolnpc951 - WTO*lnpc951
  • settle - Early Settlement: 1 if defendant fully conceded before ruling issued
  • dyad - Unique (unordered) Country Pair Identifier
  • stnam
  • IFS#
  • stnum
  • start
  • end
  • Exchange
  • C.pricechange - C. price change
  • UnemploymentRate - Unemployment Rate
  • GDPn.c - GDP n.c.
  • GDPConstant - GDP Constant
  • Units
  • NOTES

Variables

Case Number, Unique

f111143 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:3:jKrYPiv/wWNkwUwIgZ2vjg==

Start year of dispute

f111143 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:3:JdUNrxEwRh0ZxVMh2bMoRA==

Multilateral Dispute

f111143 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:3:scsTJP43REqqsCt4uPxCOg==

Defendant admits legal liability

f111143 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:3:rO0UR60BmYy9iuc9fS8UMw==

Panel ruled for plaintiff

f111143 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:3:92eEdVd9Bg3yQh1Cok+uCw==

Panel ruled for defendant

f111143 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:3:ofTcnvtiVP/BGjrq0sDO9g==

Duration of Dispute (years)

f111143 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:3:9TAcVV52yW5ur8BmDS04jg==

Level of concessions by defendant

f111143 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:3:JklXaJEtuX2YB6yY0mMAJA==

Disputed policy is discriminatory

f111143 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:3:mCiHSWP7g60G+TGcr/DYpg==

Disputed policy includes NTB

f111143 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:3:i7cQTpgRg6qXNIDT5Mpl1g==

>1 kind of disputed policy

f111143 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:3:c74PwAO0IwuruqGSbmhSrw==

Panel established

f111143 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:3:F16UJGAOMVGJzDmjpOrS2Q==

Developing country plaintiff

f111143 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:3:gM/lWh4EeM2+Td4PqTkftg==

Developing country defendant

f111143 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:3:GuXfbWzZsBqNyopmV5zCKQ==

Bilateral trade over plaintiff's GDP

f111143 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:3:innLtoGgM2G0TgNaE4v52Q==

Bilateral trade over defendant's GDP

f111143 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:3:YR+FqY0fWVu4Ochlhe4JsA==

Plaintiff's GDP over sum of both's GDP

f111143 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:3:6HqTz2wOni9DrQuAeRqYTw==

Panel ruled

f111143 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:3:6VfRk7TeI69n6kNVjUDZHQ==

Direction of ruling: 1 plaint, 2 mixed, 3 def

f111143 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:3:WtDZO0U7mMtn0Yf3Tc843w==

Start Date

f111143 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:3:YRRXSYYETp80YF7GvfOFNQ==

Title of Case

f111143 Location:

Variable Format: character

Notes: UNF:3:hNOtQtVTfaaBF2fF8BdVGg==

Hudec Case ID

f111143 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:3:l1ath64txmro1DQxZ2WcsQ==

AI Art 22 Case?

f111143 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:3:H2qpBBagLuYmU/j0sEAipw==

AI Art 23 Case ID

f111143 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:3:Ouq2jPJhExCAQUxa2jw7Pg==

State Name, Plaintiff (St1)

f111143 Location:

Variable Format: character

Notes: UNF:3:WYJ2BtLJ0BcX1NatliHnVQ==

State Name, Defendant (St2)

f111143 Location:

Variable Format: character

Notes: UNF:3:KR57oEEGKop1eUQaJ1Qm0Q==

State Code, Plaintiff

f111143 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:3:6wbgVK01lxUA1rzgeW69MA==

State Code, Defendant

f111143 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:3:WkzCcn6tvhCJUYK6prvI6A==

Case Number, Unique

f111144 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:3:Smo1rKzextPcJyHFABYRww==

WTO Dispute Number

f111144 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:3:iiqJO+SCLay6oTc+R7aUkQ==

Hudec Case ID

f111144 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:3:6I4WIZ5Gbuvt80yNe+5ZPw==

State Name, Plaintiff (St1)

f111144 Location:

Variable Format: character

Notes: UNF:3:x4JjyeEEeV9nkPsi4+aLLw==

State Name, Defendant (St2)

f111144 Location:

Variable Format: character

Notes: UNF:3:Dkn6SOhbSlHcTHlyCRlyig==

State Code, Plaintiff

f111144 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:3:CZynPB5ei40LqNWY53mCqg==

State Code, Defendant

f111144 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:3:9UJdMXAaYFdNTR3D8KLRow==

Start Year

f111144 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:3:uQUL/YjkZnOCALBHnJBvoA==

Start Date

f111144 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:3:WO8LBsr7FcxpZAzbpX+lbw==

Title of Dispute

f111144 Location:

Variable Format: character

Notes: UNF:3:uMyfQeg/vBqfqa2h2p5MXQ==

Level of concessions by defendant

f111144 Location:

Value

Label

Frequency

Text

3.

Substantial concessions

189

2.

Partial concessions

74

1.

No concessions

117

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:3:HxY+LHy+uY/9mNXCa1RaVQ==

Ruling body established (panel/WP/Code cmte)

f111144 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:3:Y1/5HCyexVAsPhEXWV5omw==

Agriculture Case

f111144 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:3:adMySG20gs4zSGmBlY3PEQ==

Multilateral Case

f111144 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:3:jaXYSLcB7lLwepuJNqpfiA==

Discriminatory measures were the target of the complaint

f111144 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:3:twrbAfC8N3xh16vYSdyIsA==

WTO Dispute (has DS #) but could also be GATT disp

f111144 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:3:1rVi8+mLxMFDGsR/6XqYJg==

GATT Dispute (first filed under GATT procedures) but could also have continued u

f111144 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:3:D5Re17+SBk1TGdsSy6cL7w==

Complainant's (log) per capita GDP, const 1995

f111144 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:3:dVFiRDrfKoqXhiq7yqE1zg==

Defendant's (log) per capita GDP, const 1995

f111144 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:3:kepvGSWlz+WOz2ElbbB2zg==

Complainant's (log) GDP, const 1995

f111144 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:3:fJWBlJFWJBTTUS+79OF1/g==

Defendant's (log) GDP, const 1995

f111144 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:3:Z0PlFUlA3Y7GDWWb7tNR1A==

Ruling Issuance and Direction

f111144 Location:

Value

Label

Frequency

Text

0.

No ruling

228

3.

Ruling for Defendant

17

2.

Mixed Ruling

26

1.

Ruling for Complainant

109

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:3:BHG50SUYa4/pDUz3neMvcQ==

Dummy: 1 if ruldir==1, for complainant

f111144 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:3:h6xVEA3UGaC/L4MlPoDDIQ==

Dummy: 1 if ruldir==2, mixed

f111144 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:3:dNwlHkfOLf8qezI2jfwZQA==

Dummy: 1 if ruldir==3, for defendant

f111144 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:3:9Alsqq5aVe2IqN+ZwcAx4Q==

Politically 'sensitive' case

f111144 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:3:/5JnLCVe8CrQyEkiY5DxNA==

Ruling Issued

f111144 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:3:AbgozEoxDYv2zgiR5unvgQ==

WTO*lnpc951

f111144 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:3:jV+nKz54Djz/r6Fv6UfwLA==

Early Settlement: 1 if defendant fully conceded before ruling issued

f111144 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:3:BjMHkVsSR22DKb3O2J2vAg==

Unique (unordered) Country Pair Identifier

f111144 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:3:8Ra2g4sIsilpQJH7s4xSWg==

stnam

f112158 Location:

Variable Format: character

Notes: UNF:3:0Ibj2L5zwMEcclUbfU2Ggw==

IFS#

f112158 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:3:8OVzDjTkNim8BhcVz8hVGA==

stnum

f112158 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:3:CygCtdOaW1Ktv/acXCJrGA==

start

f112158 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:3:YtAgVVsQj00b0SK/c1A2rw==

end

f112158 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:3:ur69r+c6J3fCFmG0IqTZGg==

Exchange

f112158 Location:

Variable Format: character

Notes: UNF:3:U3TyjrGfJzIdpnAd6RtYcQ==

C. price change

f112158 Location:

Variable Format: character

Notes: UNF:3:dwmolrYYz2jUesEUwz0CGA==

Unemployment Rate

f112158 Location:

Variable Format: character

Notes: UNF:3:UJw7wrjrDEVTs/gE7AVq9Q==

GDP n.c.

f112158 Location:

Variable Format: character

Notes: UNF:3:m6Y7373c/cxr4uwmPFsuVg==

GDP Constant

f112158 Location:

Variable Format: character

Notes: UNF:3:7Yemd2/V3UxhPQw4ePiQHQ==

Units

f112158 Location:

Variable Format: character

Notes: UNF:3:ICw2xQHaxMquoJYr16z0dg==

NOTES

f112158 Location:

Variable Format: character

Notes: UNF:3:rYBUAYe3zXiSqJc7Fa5ZzA==

Other Study-Related Materials

Label:

awe.csv

Text:

Data file for this study in comma delimited format

Notes:

application/vnd.ms-excel

Other Study-Related Materials

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awe.zip

Text:

Zip file containing data for this study in original formats

Notes:

application/x-zip-compressed

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busch-reinhardt-jwt.log

Text:

Log file for models in this study

Notes:

application/x-sas-log

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busch-reinhardt-jwt.zip

Text:

Zip file containing data for this study in original formats

Notes:

application/x-zip-compressed

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codes.htm

Text:

Data file for this study in htm format

Notes:

text/html

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imfcodes.xls

Text:

Data file for this study in Excel format

Notes:

application/vnd.ms-excel

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membership.zip

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Zip file containing data for this study in original formats

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application/x-zip-compressed

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readme.txt

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Codebook for this study

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text/plain