Replication Data for: Does Interacting with Women Encourage Civic and Prosocial Attitudes? Evidence from Simulated Contact Experiments in Saudi Arabia and Kuwait (doi:10.7910/DVN/9RU8WI)

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Part 1: Document Description
Part 2: Study Description
Part 3: Data Files Description
Part 4: Variable Description
Part 5: Other Study-Related Materials
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Document Description

Citation

Title:

Replication Data for: Does Interacting with Women Encourage Civic and Prosocial Attitudes? Evidence from Simulated Contact Experiments in Saudi Arabia and Kuwait

Identification Number:

doi:10.7910/DVN/9RU8WI

Distributor:

Harvard Dataverse

Date of Distribution:

2023-06-14

Version:

Bibliographic Citation:

Jones, Calvert, 2023, "Replication Data for: Does Interacting with Women Encourage Civic and Prosocial Attitudes? Evidence from Simulated Contact Experiments in Saudi Arabia and Kuwait", https://doi.org/10.7910/DVN/9RU8WI, Harvard Dataverse, V1, UNF:6:9YjrTrXkEMoPkgsjd8pDuA== [fileUNF]

Study Description

Citation

Title:

Replication Data for: Does Interacting with Women Encourage Civic and Prosocial Attitudes? Evidence from Simulated Contact Experiments in Saudi Arabia and Kuwait

Identification Number:

doi:10.7910/DVN/9RU8WI

Authoring Entity:

Jones, Calvert (University of Maryland College Park)

Distributor:

Harvard Dataverse

Access Authority:

Jones, Calvert

Depositor:

Jones, Calvert

Date of Deposit:

2023-01-09

Holdings Information:

https://doi.org/10.7910/DVN/9RU8WI

Study Scope

Keywords:

Social Sciences, GENDER; MIDDLE EAST; EXPERIMENTS

Abstract:

Research suggests that interacting with women may encourage civic and prosocial attitudes, yet findings to date have been limited to democracies notable for their egalitarian norms. Using simulated contact experiments under controlled conditions, this article tests hypotheses for the first time in Saudi Arabia and Kuwait, arguably “hard cases” given persistent norms of patriarchy and gender segregation. Yet, despite stronger contexts for male dominance, results suggest that interacting with women may indeed steer Saudi and Kuwaiti men toward more civic and other-regarding orientations, including aspects of tolerance, egalitarianism, openness, and community rule-following. These findings add much-needed comparative perspective to experimental research on mixed-gender dynamics, and align with broader work highlighting the benefits of diverse interactions for groups and nations.

Methodology and Processing

Sources Statement

Data Access

Other Study Description Materials

File Description--f6881190

File: JonesCW_Kuwait_SaudiArabia.tab

Number of cases: 389
No. of variables per record: 43
Type of File: text/tab-separated-values

Notes:

UNF:6:9YjrTrXkEMoPkgsjd8pDuA==

Variable Description

List of Variables:

ID
sitenumber
treatment - Interviewer ‎Gender
age - Age
relig - Religiosity
income - Income
ID_SA
q7a - I enjoy living in a diverse community with people with different religious backgrounds.
q7b - I prefer speind gtime with people of my own nationality.
q7c - I like to hear different peoples views on political issues even when I do not agree
q7d - I enjoy spending time with people from different ethnic backgrounds.
q7b_r
gender
o_onecorrect - There is usuallly only one correct opionion about an issue.
o_twosides - I believe there are two sides to every question, and try to look at both.
govben - Taking government benefits that you do not need
bribe - Accepting a bribe
speed - Driving over the speed limit
exagres - Exaggerating on your resume
hirefamily - Hiring a family member for a position in business when another applicant is more qualified
w_improve - In general, social and economic problems would improve if there were more women in government.
w_equalpay - Men and women should have equal job opportunities, wages, and salaries.
govben_r
bribe_r
speed_r
litter_r
exagres_r
hirefamily_r
o_r_onecorrect
o_r_wrong
just_abceg_r - Rule Following
just_bc_r - Law-Abidingness (subset)
openmind_bd - Openness
women_ie - Egalitarianism
tolerance_q7 - Tolerance
treat_relig
filter_$ - sitenumber = 2(FILTER)
warm - warm
decisive - decisive
truthful - truthful
powerful - powerful
warm_truthful
decisive_powerful

Variables

f6881190 Location:

Summary Statistics: Max. 301.0; Mean 150.28534704370176; Valid 389.0; Min. 1.0; StDev 76.99747831053169;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:i2vUbLnOHyXVNIFFxNUgjA==

sitenumber

f6881190 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency	Text
1.	Kuwait City, Kuwait	198
2.	Medina, KSA	191

Summary Statistics: Min. 1.0; Mean 1.4910025706940864; Max. 2.0; StDev 0.5005628507182179; Valid 389.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:DpCbmtc0mLyLu8B3ivCthQ==

Interviewer ‎Gender

f6881190 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency	Text
2.	Interaction with Man	193
1.	Interaction with Woman	196

Summary Statistics: Max. 2.0; Valid 389.0; Min. 1.0; Mean 1.4961439588688945; StDev 0.5006290268466265;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:rm0qhIoJcKeRw34Ilk+50w==

Age

f6881190 Location:

Summary Statistics: Max. 37.0; StDev 3.514513556279657; Valid 214.0; Mean 21.44859813084112; Min. 17.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:RaV2dfHKReRVMHnjfGM9ug==

Religiosity

f6881190 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency
2.	Religious to an extent	240
3.	Not religious	62
1.	Religiious	65

Summary Statistics: Max. 3.0; StDev 0.5890055452605198; Min. 1.0; Valid 367.0; Mean 1.991825613079019;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:Mnn/X20y3QU+CTrT0lW0IQ==

Income

f6881190 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency
4.	middle class	222
6.		17
3.		34
5.		88
2.		1
7.	Very rich	6
1.	very poor	2

Summary Statistics: Max. 7.0; Min. 1.0; Valid 370.0; StDev 0.8065504909341592; Mean 4.264864864864865

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:7lXy7K8JIClxEFbO3x/R0g==

ID_SA

f6881190 Location:

Summary Statistics: Mean 98.4345549738221; StDev 57.79860369544419; Valid 191.0; Min. 1.0; Max. 197.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:iN1URyKVLdlQP+V+buDUhA==

I enjoy living in a diverse community with people with different religious backgrounds.

f6881190 Location:

Summary Statistics: Mean 3.478723404255319; Min. 1.0; StDev 1.9415453539869605; Valid 188.0; Max. 7.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:8yK5RcMnGLWZLObk5vYluw==

I prefer speind gtime with people of my own nationality.

f6881190 Location:

Summary Statistics: StDev 1.7894648777966842; Valid 188.0; Mean 4.468085106382978; Max. 7.0; Min. 1.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:yYrm8tcutoSXBhUp5EPBHg==

I like to hear different peoples views on political issues even when I do not agree

f6881190 Location:

Summary Statistics: Mean 4.781914893617022; Max. 7.0; StDev 1.8091545439351406; Min. 1.0; Valid 188.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:2DppS74sGsjVzatClzeppA==

I enjoy spending time with people from different ethnic backgrounds.

f6881190 Location:

Summary Statistics: StDev 1.7107896478004927; Valid 187.0; Min. 1.0; Mean 4.86096256684492; Max. 7.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:7yViERINfVzTsnkRUdfsyQ==

q7b_r

f6881190 Location:

Summary Statistics: Max. 7.0; Min. 1.0; Mean 3.5319148936170217; Valid 188.0; StDev 1.7894648777966842

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:oGob/JMAbbWNrlh1lV1ZiQ==

gender

f6881190 Location:

Summary Statistics: Min. 2.0; Max. 2.0; StDev 0.0; Mean 2.0; Valid 198.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:+a5d3l/arh/9Q7dYH2pM1Q==

There is usuallly only one correct opionion about an issue.

f6881190 Location:

Summary Statistics: Min. 1.0; StDev 1.9335959447122975; Max. 7.0; Valid 373.0; Mean 3.4664879356568368;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:o57hr1X1HF2WtMCRzndy9w==

I believe there are two sides to every question, and try to look at both.

f6881190 Location:

Summary Statistics: Mean 5.178191489361701; Min. 1.0; StDev 1.7259286738547603; Max. 7.0; Valid 376.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:lK5B10wRruur86WUbqycLw==

Taking government benefits that you do not need

f6881190 Location:

Summary Statistics: StDev 1.6440024793509538; Min. 1.0; Valid 367.0; Max. 7.0; Mean 2.7247956403269766;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:iNvI2t5UToD59hkvBr1QHA==

Accepting a bribe

f6881190 Location:

Summary Statistics: Min. 1.0; StDev 1.0806210438733255; Mean 1.4173441734417345; Max. 7.0; Valid 369.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:1oMDsE5k3QHITrufhA9x5Q==

Driving over the speed limit

f6881190 Location:

Summary Statistics: Mean 3.0409836065573774; Max. 7.0; Valid 366.0; StDev 1.6068221388915123; Min. 1.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:9obMzB/EIXG2UfDtAUC7tg==

Exaggerating on your resume

f6881190 Location:

Summary Statistics: Valid 366.0; StDev 1.5867579316290958; Min. 1.0; Max. 7.0; Mean 3.0027322404371573;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:FWTg2DjsHDcASkid/mNNhA==

Hiring a family member for a position in business when another applicant is more qualified

f6881190 Location:

Summary Statistics: Valid 369.0; StDev 1.6378833041219734; Max. 7.0; Min. 1.0; Mean 2.2195121951219514

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:ssL5rgmGlsE+jJA3N6Ibxg==

In general, social and economic problems would improve if there were more women in government.

f6881190 Location:

Summary Statistics: Mean 3.1908602150537635; Min. 1.0; StDev 1.7370614688160075; Valid 372.0; Max. 7.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:cekR25/JVehaWpMTnXNMNw==

Men and women should have equal job opportunities, wages, and salaries.

f6881190 Location:

Summary Statistics: Max. 7.0; Valid 369.0; StDev 2.092308345422519; Min. 1.0; Mean 4.127371273712735

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:DD1hIZBzPgpHpyW34TWG4w==

govben_r

f6881190 Location:

Summary Statistics: Mean 5.275204359673023; Min. 1.0; Valid 367.0; Max. 7.0; StDev 1.6440024793509538

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:MQ1JaWNh45TMYpH4dFE93Q==

bribe_r

f6881190 Location:

Summary Statistics: Valid 369.0; Mean 6.582655826558265; Max. 7.0; Min. 1.0; StDev 1.0806210438733255;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:k70eZ6Lke9V4c+W9/UoKEQ==

speed_r

f6881190 Location:

Summary Statistics: Min. 1.0; Mean 4.959016393442623; Max. 7.0; Valid 366.0; StDev 1.6068221388915123

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:SiqMs6rzFq3Jl4+g11mBkw==

litter_r

f6881190 Location:

Summary Statistics: Valid 368.0; Max. 7.0; Mean 6.451086956521739; Min. 1.0; StDev 1.254006728551225;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:kfiUtF2f/lCe615qegpL+w==

exagres_r

f6881190 Location:

Summary Statistics: StDev 1.5867579316290972; Valid 366.0; Mean 4.99726775956284; Min. 1.0; Max. 7.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:QVTy0T8jTRbIX0gH0TWmEA==

hirefamily_r

f6881190 Location:

Summary Statistics: Min. 1.0; StDev 1.6378833041219734; Max. 7.0; Mean 5.780487804878049; Valid 369.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:ILFUX95siLU4NYObwsRwmQ==

o_r_onecorrect

f6881190 Location:

Summary Statistics: Max. 7.0; Valid 373.0; Mean 4.533512064343164; StDev 1.9335959447122975; Min. 1.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:JDxeFA+CpMOJdvNdTkU3dw==

o_r_wrong

f6881190 Location:

Summary Statistics: Valid 376.0; Mean 4.962765957446809; Max. 7.0; Min. 1.0; StDev 1.74469001900376

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:h0HgZwVv+RIMemVC38N29g==

Rule Following

f6881190 Location:

Summary Statistics: Min. 1.8; Valid 372.0; StDev 0.8630265715027512; Mean 5.514336917562724; Max. 7.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:bk0V2o7H/fXSOT7AMkPiRA==

Law-Abidingness (subset)

f6881190 Location:

Summary Statistics: StDev 1.0799892762415733; Mean 5.758064516129032; Min. 2.0; Valid 372.0; Max. 7.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:xoyftjFrizxaDO2qjPbltA==

Openness

f6881190 Location:

Summary Statistics: StDev 1.3144697630615827; Min. 1.0; Mean 4.855820105820105; Max. 7.0; Valid 378.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:OONwwbUTaja3jRSoDqs9Sw==

Egalitarianism

f6881190 Location:

Summary Statistics: Max. 7.0; Mean 3.655913978494623; Valid 372.0; StDev 1.601007928185038; Min. 1.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:Mw/eEq5vZFb2Tt1Oi+xQnw==

Tolerance

f6881190 Location:

Summary Statistics: Min. 1.5; Mean 4.163563829787234; Max. 7.0; StDev 1.112418746017976; Valid 188.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:9b6y8k6aEZT7oJrwQVrTmQ==

treat_relig

f6881190 Location:

Summary Statistics: Mean 2.991825613079019; StDev 1.366035583507164; Min. 1.0; Valid 367.0; Max. 6.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:y6DeWb/5f1mtF9ebs6fdBg==

sitenumber = 2(FILTER)

f6881190 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency	Text
0.	Not Selected	198
1.	Selected	191

Summary Statistics: StDev 0.5005628507182179; Max. 1.0; Min. 0.0; Valid 389.0; Mean 0.4910025706940864;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:n1S082QxYL8v8nbEsudTEw==

warm

f6881190 Location:

Summary Statistics: Valid 150.0; Max. 10.0; Min. 1.0; Mean 7.116666666666666; StDev 2.6510835233682695;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:ZSJy/V4LrTj8akWmQZ50AQ==

decisive

f6881190 Location:

Summary Statistics: Mean 3.539473684210526; StDev 2.6006407232619266; Valid 152.0; Max. 10.0; Min. 1.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:PY3rczFI0P3XlhGber9Ylg==

truthful

f6881190 Location:

Summary Statistics: Valid 148.0; StDev 2.2456751963941572; Mean 5.597972972972973; Max. 10.0; Min. 1.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:axXnB39TT6j5l2i6sBKOnQ==

powerful

f6881190 Location:

Summary Statistics: Max. 10.0; StDev 2.7888019125392476; Valid 150.0; Min. 1.0; Mean 3.19;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:Mu0OT3SZXS5bNawAmWw1Rw==

warm_truthful

f6881190 Location:

Summary Statistics: StDev 2.1395781720389047; Valid 154.0; Mean 6.370129870129871; Max. 10.0; Min. 1.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:6XKe01HetI0s6RyqyK4J2w==

decisive_powerful

f6881190 Location:

Summary Statistics: StDev 2.51987736968247; Valid 154.0; Min. 1.0; Max. 10.0; Mean 3.36525974025974;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:NhyBm3SkI6S3rADr5pSd7g==

Other Study-Related Materials

Label:

JonesCW_Kuwait_SaudiArabia.sps

Notes:

application/x-spss-syntax

Other Study-Related Materials

Label:

JonesCW_README.docx

Notes:

application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.wordprocessingml.document

Other Study-Related Materials

Label:

JonesCW_SPSS Output.docx

Notes:

application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.wordprocessingml.document