New Horizons for a Theory of Epistemic Modals (doi:10.7910/DVN/AALWHT)

View:

Part 1: Document Description
Part 2: Study Description
Part 3: Data Files Description
Part 4: Variable Description
Part 5: Other Study-Related Materials
Entire Codebook

New Horizons for a Theory of Epistemic Modals

doi:10.7910/DVN/AALWHT

Harvard Dataverse

2020-11-19

1

Phillips, Jonathan; Khoo, Justin, 2020, "New Horizons for a Theory of Epistemic Modals", https://doi.org/10.7910/DVN/AALWHT, Harvard Dataverse, V1, UNF:6:D60Idb97XHTdRMK+ERNQwg== [fileUNF]

New Horizons for a Theory of Epistemic Modals

doi:10.7910/DVN/AALWHT

Phillips, Jonathan (Dartmouth University)

Khoo, Justin (Dartmouth University)

Harvard Dataverse

Phillips, Jonathan

Phillips, Jonathan

2020-11-16

https://doi.org/10.7910/DVN/AALWHT

Social Sciences

Recent debate over the semantics and pragmatics of epistemic modals has focused on intuitions about cross-contextual truth-value assessments. In this paper, we advocate for a different approach to evaluating theories of epistemic modals. Our strategy focuses on judgments of the incompatibility of two different epistemic possibility claims, or two different truth value assessments of a single epistemic possibility claim. We subject the predictions of existing theories to empirical scrutiny, and argue that existing contextualist and relativist theories are unable to account for the full pattern of observed judgments. As a way of illustrating the theoretical upshot of these results, we conclude by developing a novel theory of epistemic modals that is able to predict the results.

<a href="http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0">CC0 1.0</a>

• Number of cases: 240

• No. of variables per record: 79

• Type of File: text/tab-separated-values

UNF:6:D60Idb97XHTdRMK+ERNQwg==

• ResponseID - ResponseID
• V2 - V2
• V3 - V3
• V4 - V4
• V5 - V5
• V6 - V6
• V7 - V7
• V8 - V8
• V9 - V9
• V10 - V10
• Consent - Consent
• Instr - Instr
• v_modc - v_modc
• prom_modc - prom_modc
• inc_modc - inc_modc
• Time_modc_1 - Time_modc_1
• Time_modc_2 - Time_modc_2
• Time_modc_3 - Time_modc_3
• Time_modc_4 - Time_modc_4
• rel1_modc - rel1_modc
• rel2_modc - rel2_modc
• vign_nonc - vign_nonc
• prom_nonc - prom_nonc
• inc_nonc - inc_nonc
• Time_nonc_1 - Time_nonc_1
• Time_nonc_2 - Time_nonc_2
• Time_nonc_3 - Time_nonc_3
• Time_nonc_4 - Time_nonc_4
• rel1_nonc - rel1_nonc
• rel2_nonc - rel2_nonc
• v_modr - v_modr
• prom_modr - prom_modr
• true_modr - true_modr
• time_modr_1 - time_modr_1
• time_modr_2 - time_modr_2
• time_modr_3 - time_modr_3
• time_modr_4 - time_modr_4
• rel1_modr - rel1_modr
• rel2_modr - rel2_modr
• vign_nonr - vign_nonr
• prom_nonr - prom_nonr
• true_nonr - true_nonr
• time_nonr_1 - time_nonr_1
• time_nonr_2 - time_nonr_2
• time_nonr_3 - time_nonr_3
• time_nonr_4 - time_nonr_4
• rel1_nonr - rel1_nonr
• rel2_nonr - rel2_nonr
• vign-indc - vign-indc
• prom_indc - prom_indc
• true_indc - true_indc
• time_indc_1 - time_indc_1
• time_indc_2 - time_indc_2
• time_indc_3 - time_indc_3
• time_indc_4 - time_indc_4
• rel1_indc - rel1_indc
• rel2_indc - rel2_indc
• vign_inda - vign_inda
• prom_inda - prom_inda
• true_inda - true_inda
• time_inda_1 - time_inda_1
• time_inda_2 - time_inda_2
• time_inda_3 - time_inda_3
• time_inda_4 - time_inda_4
• rel1_inda - rel1_inda
• rel2_inda - rel2_inda
• DemoInstr - DemoInstr
• Age - Age
• Gender - Gender
• Gender_TEXT - Gender_TEXT
• Ethnicity - Ethnicity
• Ethnicity_TEXT - Ethnicity_TEXT
• Education - Education
• SES - SES
• CodeInstr - CodeInstr
• DO-BR-FL_17 - DO-BR-FL_17
• LocationLatitude - LocationLatitude
• LocationLongitude - LocationLongitude
• LocationAccuracy - LocationAccuracy

f4175018 Location:

Variable Format: character

Notes: UNF:6:xc6qufO7A+ucrRD3D/0M3g==

f4175018 Location:

Variable Format: character

Notes: UNF:6:kP0hPhlChxf5xfec9LXXtg==

f4175018 Location:

Variable Format: character

Notes: UNF:6:MEJtwyLX5xkljbia2zG5jQ==

f4175018 Location:

Summary Statistics: Max. NaN; Mean NaN; Min. NaN; StDev NaN; Valid 0.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:/i90oeCxamZFKIjrTXNLxA==

f4175018 Location:

Summary Statistics: StDev NaN; Valid 0.0; Mean NaN; Min. NaN; Max. NaN

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:/i90oeCxamZFKIjrTXNLxA==

f4175018 Location:

Summary Statistics: StDev NaN; Mean NaN; Min. NaN; Max. NaN; Valid 0.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:/i90oeCxamZFKIjrTXNLxA==

f4175018 Location:

Summary Statistics: Max. 0.0; StDev 0.0; Valid 240.0; Mean 0.0; Min. 0.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:sM6Z1lkvkcm8tTo4VuBeGg==

f4175018 Location:

Variable Format: character

Notes: UNF:6:gHoBj38he7qUuFx6NeCLNA==

f4175018 Location:

Variable Format: character

Notes: UNF:6:OmUmUNb4guK3bptESUF+YA==

f4175018 Location:

Summary Statistics: Valid 240.0; Mean 1.0; Max. 1.0; StDev 0.0; Min. 1.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:q1/qyc4co2EgOVOFgsxHDw==

f4175018 Location:

Summary Statistics: Max. 1.0; Mean 1.0; Valid 240.0; Min. 1.0; StDev 0.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:q1/qyc4co2EgOVOFgsxHDw==

f4175018 Location:

Summary Statistics: Min. 1.0; Valid 240.0; Mean 1.0; Max. 1.0; StDev 0.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:q1/qyc4co2EgOVOFgsxHDw==

f4175018 Location:

Summary Statistics: Max. 1.0; Valid 40.0; Min. 1.0; StDev 0.0; Mean 1.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:Y8tkWcFIFdfZYtQgFO7qpA==

f4175018 Location:

Summary Statistics: Mean 1.0; Valid 40.0; Max. 1.0; Min. 1.0; StDev 0.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:Y8tkWcFIFdfZYtQgFO7qpA==

f4175018 Location:

Summary Statistics: Max. 7.0; Min. 1.0; StDev 2.0531401840557835; Mean 4.2; Valid 40.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:OsrkPuH5Rb1jtyzvCkcvGg==

f4175018 Location:

Summary Statistics: StDev 75.13775850955619; Min. 0.0; Max. 415.748; Valid 40.0; Mean 62.625825

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:5SS4M3kGazbQ8Bzz5j2Ncg==

f4175018 Location:

Summary Statistics: Max. 519.966; Mean 89.30265; Min. 0.0; StDev 86.64507599797504; Valid 40.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:8D6hZfIJPAoyKUIQOpwUJg==

f4175018 Location:

Summary Statistics: Valid 40.0; StDev 86.29894432124614; Max. 521.878; Min. 3.097; Mean 92.93425;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:acdB9oC0F893IlcYQZpIcA==

f4175018 Location:

Summary Statistics: Min. 0.0; Valid 40.0; StDev 3.9496835316263; Mean 3.2000000000000006; Max. 17.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:Vz286BIjfeLFkQhMy9VE8w==

f4175018 Location:

Summary Statistics: Valid 40.0; StDev 0.505736325340815; Max. 2.0; Min. 1.0; Mean 1.475

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:Z2tdhhyOj1rgfMj+O9w6Ug==

f4175018 Location:

Summary Statistics: Min. 1.0; Mean 1.875; StDev 0.3349320635285418; Valid 40.0; Max. 2.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:38qigReaR4+A5X30BBa+Cg==

f4175018 Location:

Summary Statistics: Max. 1.0; Mean 1.0; Valid 40.0; Min. 1.0; StDev 0.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:AVphM6vLjvGiOOoZwLGQ3w==

f4175018 Location:

Summary Statistics: StDev 0.0; Min. 1.0; Mean 1.0; Valid 40.0; Max. 1.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:AVphM6vLjvGiOOoZwLGQ3w==

f4175018 Location:

Summary Statistics: Min. 3.0; Mean 6.075; StDev 1.2276201701060803; Valid 40.0; Max. 7.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:Aar6mrd3z9pYfOvVOP1O8A==

f4175018 Location:

Summary Statistics: Min. 1.054; Valid 40.0; Mean 41.327; Max. 146.773; StDev 33.54845745011313;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:M0m3XjiswgFpPxLoVJSduQ==

f4175018 Location:

Summary Statistics: Mean 57.9447; Valid 40.0; Min. 2.516; StDev 29.351726167035142; Max. 146.773

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:dUxrvp3ghmslN5KJXRfP8w==

f4175018 Location:

Summary Statistics: Min. 2.948; StDev 29.708391651990805; Valid 40.0; Max. 147.874; Mean 59.447625

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:DIWW9tj2nBTveiCLGEPnzw==

f4175018 Location:

Summary Statistics: Mean 3.875; Max. 39.0; StDev 6.202511898106593; Valid 40.0; Min. 1.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:iKvbiIYR6L740GkGOlypcw==

f4175018 Location:

Summary Statistics: StDev 0.505736325340815; Min. 1.0; Max. 2.0; Valid 40.0; Mean 1.525

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:IRvDaKRLI7k9S+XEbYAF4w==

f4175018 Location:

Summary Statistics: Mean 1.85; Valid 40.0; StDev 0.36162028533978946; Min. 1.0; Max. 2.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:zIeRswb4Vvpp//OmKJuJ4g==

f4175018 Location:

Summary Statistics: Mean 1.0; StDev 0.0; Valid 37.0; Max. 1.0; Min. 1.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:E5zimafczXRBjFrd41UlRQ==

f4175018 Location:

Summary Statistics: Mean 1.0; StDev 0.0; Valid 37.0; Min. 1.0; Max. 1.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:E5zimafczXRBjFrd41UlRQ==

f4175018 Location:

Summary Statistics: Valid 37.0; Max. 7.0; Mean 4.594594594594595; StDev 2.061006489011558; Min. 1.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:7GfOU5KogKBaNmH7MCgjvg==

f4175018 Location:

Summary Statistics: Min. 1.057; Valid 37.0; Mean 53.12594594594595; Max. 255.618; StDev 53.79711085331316;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:yplx4S3CgwBX+z1Iw7sIeQ==

f4175018 Location:

Summary Statistics: StDev 53.20380284699001; Mean 85.9412972972973; Min. 3.056; Max. 255.618; Valid 37.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:iNPWWTin2X+yxo+pYXp7eQ==

f4175018 Location:

Summary Statistics: StDev 52.599606549228426; Min. 3.078; Max. 257.396; Valid 37.0; Mean 88.27224324324324

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:l01+98w14QuLAekxw6lt7g==

f4175018 Location:

Summary Statistics: Valid 37.0; Mean 6.54054054054054; StDev 17.41263046468567; Min. 1.0; Max. 105.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:l4rPLHIGeWeFW9t/5wBgew==

f4175018 Location:

Summary Statistics: StDev 0.4745789978762495; Valid 37.0; Min. 1.0; Mean 1.3243243243243243; Max. 2.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:PrUJiHw8/WyhP1olDM+Dtw==

f4175018 Location:

Summary Statistics: Mean 1.972972972972973; Valid 37.0; StDev 0.16439898730535726; Max. 2.0; Min. 1.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:i/HW2Gzj0aCH2fjWdB7Sog==

f4175018 Location:

Summary Statistics: Min. 1.0; StDev 0.0; Valid 42.0; Max. 1.0; Mean 1.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:C8bS5ugENZCPYV9v7IKGCQ==

f4175018 Location:

Summary Statistics: Min. 1.0; Valid 42.0; Max. 1.0; Mean 1.0; StDev 0.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:C8bS5ugENZCPYV9v7IKGCQ==

f4175018 Location:

Summary Statistics: Max. 7.0; Valid 42.0; StDev 1.439649266875235; Min. 2.0; Mean 5.690476190476191

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:21dbIuW1UBFLTBqQ3voGkQ==

f4175018 Location:

Summary Statistics: Valid 42.0; Min. 1.611; Mean 51.97516666666667; StDev 37.495704846650824; Max. 131.779

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:+/6wPyI0/nGHwQZU0P5xtA==

f4175018 Location:

Summary Statistics: Valid 42.0; Min. 3.405; Max. 537.654; Mean 84.63530952380952; StDev 80.91946983582885

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:vE7tj0mj6/KVTKjUV97lFA==

f4175018 Location:

Summary Statistics: StDev 82.2021052227265; Mean 88.1049761904762; Min. 4.06; Valid 42.0; Max. 546.88;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:x+7KLXPVdp0ySygUhoIWAw==

f4175018 Location:

Summary Statistics: StDev 7.905547237201758; Valid 42.0; Max. 39.0; Min. 1.0; Mean 4.880952380952382;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:4sLgnNjKDWThvh5FbjM3PA==

f4175018 Location:

Summary Statistics: Mean 1.3095238095238095; Max. 2.0; Min. 1.0; StDev 0.46790113809333284; Valid 42.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:4TJ1Lc/5pWdBOPCEdWZwMw==

f4175018 Location:

Summary Statistics: Max. 2.0; Valid 42.0; Min. 1.0; StDev 0.2606611802150066; Mean 1.9285714285714286

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:RQ5M8V6GR+N+fi8jnklV4Q==

f4175018 Location:

Summary Statistics: Mean 1.0; Max. 1.0; Valid 41.0; StDev 0.0; Min. 1.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:qBjz6faSDRv1ugoggiLhhQ==

f4175018 Location:

Summary Statistics: Mean 1.0; StDev 0.0; Max. 1.0; Min. 1.0; Valid 41.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:qBjz6faSDRv1ugoggiLhhQ==

f4175018 Location:

Summary Statistics: Mean 2.6341463414634143; Max. 7.0; Min. 1.0; Valid 41.0; StDev 1.9462283725320577

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:lbInhDUsFYU8/qZ7xkSkjQ==

f4175018 Location:

Summary Statistics: Max. 253.226; StDev 49.96670639598126; Valid 41.0; Mean 70.97370731707318; Min. 0.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:l5f4sw1zQK+JsltmszRcLw==

f4175018 Location:

Summary Statistics: Min. 0.0; StDev 52.57367107305292; Mean 94.4469512195122; Max. 253.226; Valid 41.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:h+GUcMENjKpSBJOtxH9ruw==

f4175018 Location:

Summary Statistics: Valid 41.0; Max. 254.014; Mean 100.16846341463415; Min. 3.189; StDev 52.63184462903498

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:6JeIdpw2Ez15VP2qPD1llA==

f4175018 Location:

Summary Statistics: Min. 0.0; Valid 41.0; Mean 4.7073170731707314; StDev 8.41499822471468; Max. 42.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:kpaWZhg3QMilSSrUMXGMAw==

f4175018 Location:

Summary Statistics: Min. 1.0; Max. 3.0; StDev 0.733351810558057; Mean 1.3658536585365855; Valid 41.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:yyoyBJDNNw7hMej7rVE1oQ==

f4175018 Location:

Summary Statistics: Min. 1.0; StDev 0.43616957991018185; Max. 3.0; Mean 1.9024390243902438; Valid 41.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:GE6OuQBZgZ+5xmCuydO+dw==

f4175018 Location:

Summary Statistics: Valid 40.0; Max. 1.0; Mean 1.0; StDev 0.0; Min. 1.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:Dsz7++8la74z2nXWXpd67w==

f4175018 Location:

Summary Statistics: Mean 1.0; Max. 1.0; StDev 0.0; Valid 40.0; Min. 1.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:Dsz7++8la74z2nXWXpd67w==

f4175018 Location:

Summary Statistics: StDev 1.3996336517011725; Min. 2.0; Max. 7.0; Valid 40.0; Mean 5.7

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:4QWTWFwuDnkHVdSnCfMXEQ==

f4175018 Location:

Summary Statistics: Valid 40.0; Max. 865.549; StDev 134.92894833947767; Min. 2.847; Mean 81.58355

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:Ow3RMIKbUsqn26pxK/mBfQ==

f4175018 Location:

Summary Statistics: Min. 15.656; StDev 129.5237871736085; Mean 117.084275; Valid 40.0; Max. 866.179

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:/nV9vWLAENTm7ZUwo2FYjA==

f4175018 Location:

Summary Statistics: StDev 129.24633666999162; Valid 40.0; Min. 17.806; Max. 866.642; Mean 120.52455

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:YFTH56W8ax3Rvb3lzD/P7Q==

f4175018 Location:

Summary Statistics: Valid 40.0; StDev 5.651809331351219; Max. 34.0; Mean 3.8250000000000006; Min. 1.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:vzJ4ez3XWHr7IGdBrD3YSw==

f4175018 Location:

Summary Statistics: StDev 0.7232405706795789; Max. 3.0; Valid 40.0; Mean 2.7; Min. 1.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:ik9DWlY5fY0fr3TK5+mlKQ==

f4175018 Location:

Summary Statistics: Min. 1.0; Max. 3.0; StDev 0.5163977794943228; Valid 40.0; Mean 2.8;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:AfdILH5I8PpxC6qjHb26QQ==

f4175018 Location:

Summary Statistics: Min. NaN; Mean NaN; StDev NaN; Valid 0.0; Max. NaN;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:/i90oeCxamZFKIjrTXNLxA==

f4175018 Location:

Summary Statistics: StDev 12.112728368565133; Mean 37.93305439330544; Max. 74.0; Valid 239.0; Min. 20.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:GQzguX65wqruCirWl0pTCA==

f4175018 Location:

Summary Statistics: Min. 1.0; Valid 237.0; Mean 1.49789029535865; StDev 0.5010537419485811; Max. 2.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:yWL4qt1GJ7AwSET0C8X8Pw==

f4175018 Location:

Summary Statistics: Max. NaN; Min. NaN; Valid 0.0; Mean NaN; StDev NaN

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:/i90oeCxamZFKIjrTXNLxA==

f4175018 Location:

Summary Statistics: Min. 1.0; StDev 1.3068646836751914; Max. 6.0; Mean 4.367088607594937; Valid 237.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:+Y0L1cKANmVvk2z2hiRwRg==

f4175018 Location:

Variable Format: character

Notes: UNF:6:nJmF9icld718s2tTSegZRQ==

f4175018 Location:

Summary Statistics: Max. 8.0; Valid 236.0; Min. 2.0; StDev 1.19724410072096; Mean 4.474576271186441

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:Hpkz4dUOBmFbWjVZ00bkjg==

f4175018 Location:

Summary Statistics: Min. 2.0; Max. 10.0; Mean 6.3164556962025316; Valid 237.0; StDev 1.7746637575828297

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:a9yLEUv/R6Xej7fsuZsbjg==

f4175018 Location:

Summary Statistics: Max. NaN; StDev NaN; Valid 0.0; Mean NaN; Min. NaN

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:/i90oeCxamZFKIjrTXNLxA==

f4175018 Location:

Variable Format: character

Notes: UNF:6:H0MwkhDCzFad+ffX07QNew==

f4175018 Location:

Summary Statistics: Mean NaN; StDev NaN; Valid 0.0; Max. NaN; Min. NaN

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:/i90oeCxamZFKIjrTXNLxA==

f4175018 Location:

Summary Statistics: StDev NaN; Min. NaN; Valid 0.0; Mean NaN; Max. NaN

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:/i90oeCxamZFKIjrTXNLxA==

f4175018 Location:

Summary Statistics: Max. NaN; Valid 0.0; Mean NaN; StDev NaN; Min. NaN;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:/i90oeCxamZFKIjrTXNLxA==

Label:

Experimental Supplement.Rmd

application/octet-stream

Label:

Experimental_Supplement.pdf

application/pdf

Label:

ExpwModalsRevision2a.pdf

application/pdf

Label:

ExpwModalsRevision2a.tex

application/x-tex

Label:

fig1.png

image/png

Label:

fig2.jpeg

image/jpeg

Label:

New Horizons AJP.docx

application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.wordprocessingml.document

Label:

New Horizons AJP.pdf

application/pdf

Label:

New_horizons_for_a_theory_of_epistemic_modals_-_DEMO.qsf

application/octet-stream

Label:

Philosophy.bib

application/octet-stream

Label:

studyText.docx

application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.wordprocessingml.document