Replication data for: An Assessment of Voting Technology and Ballot Design (doi:10.7910/DVN/ACGJJP)

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Part 1: Document Description
Part 2: Study Description
Part 3: Data Files Description
Part 4: Variable Description
Part 5: Other Study-Related Materials
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Document Description

Citation

Title:

Replication data for: An Assessment of Voting Technology and Ballot Design

Identification Number:

doi:10.7910/DVN/ACGJJP

Distributor:

Harvard Dataverse

Date of Distribution:

2007-11-28

Version:

1

Bibliographic Citation:

Paul S. Herrnson; Peter L. Francia; Benjamin B. Bederson; Bongshin Lee; Robert M. Sherman; Fred Conrad; Richard G. Niemi; Michael Traugott, 2007, "Replication data for: An Assessment of Voting Technology and Ballot Design", https://doi.org/10.7910/DVN/ACGJJP, Harvard Dataverse, V1, UNF:3:SRFm2elGY3z3YUMaNVHPdQ== [fileUNF]

Study Description

Citation

Title:

Replication data for: An Assessment of Voting Technology and Ballot Design

Identification Number:

doi:10.7910/DVN/ACGJJP

Authoring Entity:

Paul S. Herrnson (University of Maryland)

Peter L. Francia (East Carolina University)

Benjamin B. Bederson (University of Maryland)

Bongshin Lee (University of Maryland)

Robert M. Sherman (University of Michigan)

Fred Conrad (University of Michigan)

Richard G. Niemi (University of Rochester)

Michael Traugott (University of Michigan)

Date of Production:

2005

Distributor:

Harvard Dataverse

Distributor:

Paul S. Herrnson

Date of Deposit:

2007-08-09

Date of Distribution:

2007

Holdings Information:

https://doi.org/10.7910/DVN/ACGJJP

Study Scope

Keywords:

electronic voting systems, direct recording electronic (DRE), voting usability

Abstract:

With the recent troubles in U.S. elections, there has been a nationwide push to update voting systems. Municipalities are investing heavily in electronic voting systems, many of which use a touch screen. These systems offer the promise of faster and more accurate voting, but the current reality is that they have some shortcomings in terms of voter usability. This study examines issues related to the usability of electronic voting systems and reports on a series of usability studies that involved expert review, close observation, a field test, and an exit poll to learn voters’ responses to a new voting system. Our analysis shows these systems work well, but they have some shortcomings including some that have raised concerns among a minority of voters.

Time Period:

2000-2004

Date of Collection:

2003-2005

Methodology and Processing

Sources Statement

Data Access

Notes:

<a href="http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0">CC0 1.0</a>

Other Study Description Materials

Related Publications

Citation

Title:

Paul S. Herrnson, Peter L. Francia, Benjamin B. Bederson, Bongshin Lee, Robert M. Sherman, Fred Conrad, Richard G. Niemi, Michael Traugott. 2005. "Early Appraisals of Electronic Voting." Social Science Computer Review, Vol. 23, No. 3, 274-292. DOI: 10.1177/0894439305275850. <a href= "http://ssc.sagepub.com/cgi/content/abstract/23/3/274" target= "_new">article available here</a>

Bibliographic Citation:

Paul S. Herrnson, Peter L. Francia, Benjamin B. Bederson, Bongshin Lee, Robert M. Sherman, Fred Conrad, Richard G. Niemi, Michael Traugott. 2005. "Early Appraisals of Electronic Voting." Social Science Computer Review, Vol. 23, No. 3, 274-292. DOI: 10.1177/0894439305275850. <a href= "http://ssc.sagepub.com/cgi/content/abstract/23/3/274" target= "_new">article available here</a>

Citation

Title:

Paul S. Herrnson, Peter L. Francia, Benjamin B. Bederson, Bongshin Lee, Robert M. Sherman, Fred Conrad, Richard G. Niemi, Michael Traugott. 2005. "Early Appraisals of Electronic Voting." Social Science Computer Review, Vol. 23, No. 3, 274-292. DOI: 10.1177/0894439305275850. <a href= "http://ssc.sagepub.com/cgi/content/abstract/23/3/274" target= "_new">article available here</a>

Bibliographic Citation:

Paul S. Herrnson, Peter L. Francia, Benjamin B. Bederson, Bongshin Lee, Robert M. Sherman, Fred Conrad, Richard G. Niemi, Michael Traugott. 2005. "Early Appraisals of Electronic Voting." Social Science Computer Review, Vol. 23, No. 3, 274-292. DOI: 10.1177/0894439305275850. <a href= "http://ssc.sagepub.com/cgi/content/abstract/23/3/274" target= "_new">article available here</a>

Citation

Title:

<p><font face="Arial" size="2"><a href="http://www.capc.umd.edu/MI_workshop.asp" target= "_new">Workshop on the Promise and Performance of Electronic Voting Systems</a><br />(April 30, 2007)</font></p><br /> <p><font face="Arial" size="2"><a href="http://www.capc.umd.edu/rpts/workshop.html" target= "_new">Workshop on the Usability and Security of Electronic Voting Systems</a><br />(June 2, 2006)</font></p><br /> <p><font face="Arial" size="2"><a href="http://www.capc.umd.edu/rpts/Beyond_the_Hanging_Chad.pdf" target= "_new">Beyond the Hanging Chad: The Promise and Performance of Electronic Voting</a><br />(American Acadamy for the Advancement of Science and Distinguished Scholar-Teacher Lecture, Oct 2005) (.pdf format)</font></p><br /> <p><font face="Arial" size="2"><a href="http://www.capc.umd.edu/rpts/md_evote_ContempVotingMach.pdf" target= "_new">Contemporary Voting Machines Report</a><br />(Last Updated Feb. 2004) (.pdf format)</font></p><br /> <p><font face="Arial" size="2">SGER: <a href="http://www.capc.umd.edu/rpts/MD_EVoteHuFac.html" target= "_new">Human Factors Research on Voting Machines and Ballot Design</a></font></p><br /> <p><font face="Arial" size="2"><a href="http://www.capc.umd.edu/NIST_Presentation.pdf" target= "_new">Presentation to NIST Symposium on Building Trust and Confidence in Voting Systems</a><br /> (Dec.10-11, 2003)</font></p><br /> <p><font face="Arial" size="2"><a href="http://www.capc.umd.edu/NASED-presentation-jan-2005.pdf" target= "_new">Presentation to NASED on Designing Interfaces for Voting Machines</a><br />(Feb. 4, 2005)</font></p><br /> <p><font face="Arial" size="2"><a href="http://www.capc.umd.edu/rpts/Promise_and_Pitfalls_of_Electronic_Voting.pdf" target= "_new">The Promise and Pitfalls of Electronic Voting</a><br />(Midwest Political Science Association, April 2005)</font></p><br /> http://www.capc.umd.edu/rpts/Promise_and_Pitfalls_of_Electronic_Voting.pdf <p><font face="Arial" size="2"><a href="http://www.capc.umd.edu/rpts/Impact_of_Voting_Systems.pdf" target= "_new">The Impact of Voting Systems on Residual Votes, Incomplete Ballots, and Other Measures of Voting Behavior</a><br />(Midwest Political Science Association, April 2005)</font></p><br /> <p><font face="Arial" size="2"><a href="http://www.capc.umd.edu/rpts/testimony.html" target= "_new">A Study of Vote Verification Technologies for the Maryland State Board of Elections</a><br />(Testimony presented to the Maryland General Assembly, 2006)</font> </p>

Bibliographic Citation:

<p><font face="Arial" size="2"><a href="http://www.capc.umd.edu/MI_workshop.asp" target= "_new">Workshop on the Promise and Performance of Electronic Voting Systems</a><br />(April 30, 2007)</font></p><br /> <p><font face="Arial" size="2"><a href="http://www.capc.umd.edu/rpts/workshop.html" target= "_new">Workshop on the Usability and Security of Electronic Voting Systems</a><br />(June 2, 2006)</font></p><br /> <p><font face="Arial" size="2"><a href="http://www.capc.umd.edu/rpts/Beyond_the_Hanging_Chad.pdf" target= "_new">Beyond the Hanging Chad: The Promise and Performance of Electronic Voting</a><br />(American Acadamy for the Advancement of Science and Distinguished Scholar-Teacher Lecture, Oct 2005) (.pdf format)</font></p><br /> <p><font face="Arial" size="2"><a href="http://www.capc.umd.edu/rpts/md_evote_ContempVotingMach.pdf" target= "_new">Contemporary Voting Machines Report</a><br />(Last Updated Feb. 2004) (.pdf format)</font></p><br /> <p><font face="Arial" size="2">SGER: <a href="http://www.capc.umd.edu/rpts/MD_EVoteHuFac.html" target= "_new">Human Factors Research on Voting Machines and Ballot Design</a></font></p><br /> <p><font face="Arial" size="2"><a href="http://www.capc.umd.edu/NIST_Presentation.pdf" target= "_new">Presentation to NIST Symposium on Building Trust and Confidence in Voting Systems</a><br /> (Dec.10-11, 2003)</font></p><br /> <p><font face="Arial" size="2"><a href="http://www.capc.umd.edu/NASED-presentation-jan-2005.pdf" target= "_new">Presentation to NASED on Designing Interfaces for Voting Machines</a><br />(Feb. 4, 2005)</font></p><br /> <p><font face="Arial" size="2"><a href="http://www.capc.umd.edu/rpts/Promise_and_Pitfalls_of_Electronic_Voting.pdf" target= "_new">The Promise and Pitfalls of Electronic Voting</a><br />(Midwest Political Science Association, April 2005)</font></p><br /> http://www.capc.umd.edu/rpts/Promise_and_Pitfalls_of_Electronic_Voting.pdf <p><font face="Arial" size="2"><a href="http://www.capc.umd.edu/rpts/Impact_of_Voting_Systems.pdf" target= "_new">The Impact of Voting Systems on Residual Votes, Incomplete Ballots, and Other Measures of Voting Behavior</a><br />(Midwest Political Science Association, April 2005)</font></p><br /> <p><font face="Arial" size="2"><a href="http://www.capc.umd.edu/rpts/testimony.html" target= "_new">A Study of Vote Verification Technologies for the Maryland State Board of Elections</a><br />(Testimony presented to the Maryland General Assembly, 2006)</font> </p>

File Description--f615976

File: Exit_poll_data.tab

  • Number of cases: 1278

  • No. of variables per record: 33

  • Type of File: text/tab-separated-values

Notes:

UNF:3:Xi5S4bPnc3Cpi3tePpIxjQ==

Exit Poll Data

File Description--f615977

File: Field_study_data.tab

  • Number of cases: 365

  • No. of variables per record: 22

  • Type of File: text/tab-separated-values

Notes:

UNF:3:JBK07L6rusHzyajcV1C4tw==

Field Study Data

Variable Description

List of Variables:
  • county
  • precinct
  • q1 - Voting system easy to use
  • q2 - Comfortable using the system
  • q3 - Characters easy to read
  • q4 - Terminology was precise
  • q5 - Correcting mistakes was easy
  • q6 - Confident vote was accurately recorded
  • q7 - Election judges were knowledgeable
  • q8 - Feel the need to get help using machine
  • q9 - Ask for help using machine
  • q10 - Get help using machine
  • q11 - Used touch screen machine before
  • q12 - Machine have any technical problem
  • q12a_n - Technical Problems Coded
  • q12a - Explanations about technical problem
  • q13 - Trust voting machine you used
  • q14 - Trust previous system you voted with
  • q15 - Previous system you voted with
  • q15other - Other voting system previously used
  • q16 - How long you wait in line to vote
  • q17_n - Comments coded
  • q17 - Comments about voting machine
  • q18 - Own a computer
  • q19 - How often use a computer
  • q20 - Vote in the Maryland governors race
  • q21 - Education level
  • q22 - Party affiliation
  • q23 - Primary language
  • q23other - Other primary language
  • q24 - Age
  • q25 - Race
  • q26 - Gender
  • a
  • b
  • c
  • d
  • e
  • f
  • g
  • h
  • i
  • j
  • k
  • l
  • m
  • n
  • o
  • p
  • q
  • r
  • s
  • t
  • u
  • v

Variables

county

f615976 Location:

Variable Format: character

Notes: UNF:3:XKrzj79CtsnHcOBWdbZKTQ==

precinct

f615976 Location:

Variable Format: character

Notes: UNF:3:nXauYhbSauhMNDjVtMRGOw==

Voting system easy to use

f615976 Location:

Value

Label

Frequency

Text

1.

strongly disagree

50

7.

strongly agree

1025

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:3:QF+XxgSq7EGgPmSw3TkcYg==

Comfortable using the system

f615976 Location:

Value

Label

Frequency

Text

1.

strongly disagree

52

7.

strongly agree

1026

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:3:LHF2bPlXKCRjRTnFavLCdQ==

Characters easy to read

f615976 Location:

Value

Label

Frequency

Text

7.

strongly agree

1065

1.

strongly disagree

52

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:3:zhH28x0rd33Gf8IyFCQjew==

Terminology was precise

f615976 Location:

Value

Label

Frequency

Text

7.

strongly agree

977

1.

strongly disagree

49

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:3:44MrOsnqhe2hxoJ1re9f+Q==

Correcting mistakes was easy

f615976 Location:

Value

Label

Frequency

Text

1.

strongly disagree

40

7.

strongly agree

932

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:3:LvXi1C+Xwbe95D9J7s59tQ==

Confident vote was accurately recorded

f615976 Location:

Value

Label

Frequency

Text

7.

strongly agree

907

1.

strongly disagree

52

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:3:BFy68Phy4PKAvUHKuFtKpQ==

Election judges were knowledgeable

f615976 Location:

Value

Label

Frequency

Text

7.

strongly agree

854

1.

strongly disagree

37

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:3:RYQRXHM+H1kqNujHFuVGFw==

Feel the need to get help using machine

f615976 Location:

Value

Label

Frequency

Text

1.

yes

116

2.

no

1145

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:3:2fHuKxluLptSU+GVo5Geow==

Ask for help using machine

f615976 Location:

Value

Label

Frequency

Text

1.

yes

115

2.

no

1145

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:3:JF6ysTxUErgIOUlncflO5g==

Get help using machine

f615976 Location:

Value

Label

Frequency

Text

1.

yes

209

2.

no

999

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:3:+HR7KIgZrow2Z8TDdLYm1w==

Used touch screen machine before

f615976 Location:

Value

Label

Frequency

Text

2.

no

621

1.

yes

632

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:3:eB8f9STszc3intuJZ4kHfw==

Machine have any technical problem

f615976 Location:

Value

Label

Frequency

Text

1.

yes

37

2.

no

1198

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:3:sldK0vrMevgXElFJeeKdAg==

Technical Problems Coded

f615976 Location:

Value

Label

Frequency

Text

7.

Trouble with language (selecting English/Spanish)

1

1.

Issue with party labels displayed at top of screen

2

2.

Card problems

10

5.

Power failure

1

3.

Troubled navigating between screens

5

8.

Trouble using write-in option

2

4.

Privacy

2

6.

Visibility of screen (glare problems)

2

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:3:W+rj+yf2go80uYK3tRuwPA==

Explanations about technical problem

f615976 Location:

Variable Format: character

Notes: UNF:3:f4FF7mI7os0Y23tBneK8AQ==

Trust voting machine you used

f615976 Location:

Value

Label

Frequency

Text

1.

low trust

21

3.

high trust

13

2.

neutral

10

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:3:cKGqrCgKK2LcxHu3YAsIRg==

Trust previous system you voted with

f615976 Location:

Value

Label

Frequency

Text

2.

neutral

41

1.

low trust

37

3.

high trust

62

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:3:s8erh187OBtLKZ+8RQjTFw==

Previous system you voted with

f615976 Location:

Value

Label

Frequency

Text

4.

other system

20

1.

lever

650

2.

punch card

501

5.

first time voting

14

3.

paper with marks

14

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:3:nScdvr0HmFC3Gg+kD5YexA==

Other voting system previously used

f615976 Location:

Variable Format: character

Notes: UNF:3:P4vSwb35nEj3/XdkfhuTnQ==

How long you wait in line to vote

f615976 Location:

Value

Label

Frequency

Text

1.

5 minutes

714

4.

more than one hour

16

3.

30-60 minutes

54

2.

5-15 minutes

293

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:3:w9lxV2Ojn7qcOtA4z8LQEA==

Comments coded

f615976 Location:

Value

Label

Frequency

Text

10.

Voting machine slow

6

8.

Trouble using write-in option

5

7.

Trouble with language (selecting English/Spanish)

1

14.

Positive comments

80

1.

Issue with party labels displayed at top of screen

0

13.

Non-voting machine problem (registration filing or judges)

2

9.

Confusion over ballot wording

1

12.

Problems with ballot review

5

16.

Concern about security or reliability

10

15.

Negative comments

9

11.

Need more voting machines / long wait

9

6.

Visibility of screen (glare problems)

2

3.

Troubled navigating between screens

0

4.

Privacy

11

5.

Power failure

0

2.

Card problems

3

17.

Concern about handicap access (visually impaired)

1

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:3:Am9VgL6dAr6bnBHEGQvMUg==

Comments about voting machine

f615976 Location:

Variable Format: character

Notes: UNF:3:CCLxpRlJnTDwTFqTQCa+Xg==

Own a computer

f615976 Location:

Value

Label

Frequency

Text

1.

yes

992

2.

no

127

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:3:NWsFbz+stAnmzV9HqKM/NQ==

How often use a computer

f615976 Location:

Value

Label

Frequency

Text

3.

once every two weeks

30

5.

three or four days a week

92

4.

on or two days a week

88

1.

never

148

2.

once a month

54

6.

five to seven days a week

747

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:3:KSeASNzJr6O16lqtokbnyg==

Vote in the Maryland governors race

f615976 Location:

Value

Label

Frequency

Text

3.

someone else

23

2.

Robert L. Ehrlich, Jr.

266

1.

Kathleen Kennedy Townsend

589

9.

dk/did not vote for governor

0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:3:ifvkhv87akMHC4RHaYvyUg==

Education level

f615976 Location:

Value

Label

Frequency

Text

3.

some college

251

7.

doctoral degree

110

6.

masters degree

234

5.

some post graduate work

103

2.

high school diploma or GED

106

1.

some high

16

4.

4-year college

275

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:3:zPfnTJSjsg5FqMzEh4WuJQ==

Party affiliation

f615976 Location:

Value

Label

Frequency

Text

7.

strong republican

91

1.

strong democrat

387

4.

independent

154

8.

other

12

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:3:Lk1Zi5fAHkMkENkLDxoBGw==

Primary language

f615976 Location:

Value

Label

Frequency

Text

1.

English

1112

3.

other

8

2.

Spanish

7

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:3:kBghP/YYXtWdAoeG+gtsug==

Other primary language

f615976 Location:

Variable Format: character

Notes: UNF:3:MF/ae/53mFpwUJnA94vACg==

Age

f615976 Location:

Value

Label

Frequency

Text

4.

50-64

373

3.

35-49

397

5.

65+

187

2.

25-34

132

1.

18 to 24

77

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:3:SaoyS4RCChgx4CzRcK0bnw==

Race

f615976 Location:

Value

Label

Frequency

Text

2.

Asian

64

4.

Latino or Hispanic

22

5.

Pacific Islander

2

6.

White

700

3.

Native American

9

7.

Multiracial

18

1.

Black

370

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:3:dNzH8XpuXZwyvA3rZem4Ug==

Gender

f615976 Location:

Value

Label

Frequency

Text

2.

Female

624

1.

Male

499

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:3:9kDfMFQYFfhpzBIRwMRMsQ==

a

f615977 Location:

Variable Format: character

Notes: UNF:3:XDJQqpJ8UCQJVUO1GpeRhA==

b

f615977 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:3:39WJwKT7/gAYS42QT4dUlQ==

c

f615977 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:3:Wtwxnqiw2JXnqY2cT+y1gw==

d

f615977 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:3:NbZyPObYII0bzZWnj5+waw==

e

f615977 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:3:9IIpajsHvSrnp4DjoWY4uw==

f

f615977 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:3:vaSU0I2zgrvIElUBPAZO5g==

g

f615977 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:3:ZTejyW1Iyk/aoxnFzuZYeQ==

h

f615977 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:3:R3jplf3D3qZRJaHUt0O0qw==

i

f615977 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:3:rpE8dmEKb6nLYrKu9UK1eg==

j

f615977 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:3:EM339SCMVQekUVdDq72eXg==

k

f615977 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:3:9By+hivKuqq5/qDBbK/gWA==

l

f615977 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:3:EV/ddVYlbzFs0jv13nY4JA==

m

f615977 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:3:QzWkdMt6kfzQruWCtswlIQ==

n

f615977 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:3:PrxdMBNEjX9Zcl5LaAyJIQ==

o

f615977 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:3:Gf1mJmRc7ifgEfyXTNVjhg==

p

f615977 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:3:BJ99gVbKaG4RJDgIg28Giw==

q

f615977 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:3:ZwAThDcqYTm3IkNSbU8j9g==

r

f615977 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:3:aooeMni3RdpavnTsFY8XPg==

s

f615977 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:3:rIYec7Izxu2wKMCNt3NvzQ==

t

f615977 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:3:89fpSrsPJqHuPF9WhHWvvw==

u

f615977 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:3:dgSc9HjJioHIT3XS0qVkXA==

v

f615977 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:3:4qBE196iSBhxCK1h21aWPw==

Other Study-Related Materials

Label:

Data.zip

Text:

Data files in original spss file format

Notes:

application/zip

Other Study-Related Materials

Label:

Exit_poll_questionnaire.pdf

Text:

Exit Poll Questionnaire

Notes:

application/pdf

Other Study-Related Materials

Label:

Field_study_questionnaire.pdf

Text:

Field Study Questionnaire

Notes:

application/pdf

Other Study-Related Materials

Label:

VoteTechFull.pdf

Text:

Full proposal text for Research on Voting Technology and Ballot Design

Notes:

application/pdf

Other Study-Related Materials

Label:

VotingTechProjSummary.pdf

Text:

Project Summary for Research on Voting Technology and Ballot Design

Notes:

application/pdf