Replication data for: Leadership Style, Regime Type, and Foreign Policy Crisis Behavior: A Contingent Monadic Peace? (doi:10.7910/DVN/ALOHVQ)

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Part 2: Study Description
Part 3: Data Files Description
Part 4: Variable Description
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Document Description

Citation

Title:

Replication data for: Leadership Style, Regime Type, and Foreign Policy Crisis Behavior: A Contingent Monadic Peace?

Identification Number:

doi:10.7910/DVN/ALOHVQ

Distributor:

Harvard Dataverse

Date of Distribution:

2007-11-28

Version:

Bibliographic Citation:

Jonathan W. Keller, 2007, "Replication data for: Leadership Style, Regime Type, and Foreign Policy Crisis Behavior: A Contingent Monadic Peace?", https://doi.org/10.7910/DVN/ALOHVQ, Harvard Dataverse, V1, UNF:3:/eyMZ7nGo1xYLzEcA1pF9g== [fileUNF]

Study Description

Citation

Title:

Replication data for: Leadership Style, Regime Type, and Foreign Policy Crisis Behavior: A Contingent Monadic Peace?

Identification Number:

doi:10.7910/DVN/ALOHVQ

Authoring Entity:

Jonathan W. Keller (Southern Methodist University)

Producer:

International Studies Quarterly

Distributor:

Harvard Dataverse

Distributor:

International Studies Quarterly

Date of Deposit:

2005

Holdings Information:

https://doi.org/10.7910/DVN/ALOHVQ

Study Scope

Topic Classification:

ISQ 2005, Volume 49, Issue 2

Abstract:

While a substantial body of theory suggests that democracies should behave peacefully toward all states (monadically), most empirical evidence indicates they are only pacific in their relations with fellow democracies (dyadically). A new theoretical synthesis suggests that the missing link between democratic constraints and pacific monadic behavior is leaders' perceptions of, and responses to, these constraints. Research on political leadership indicates that, contrary to conventional wisdom, leaders respond in systematically different ways to domestic constraints: "constraint respecters" internalize constraints in their environments, while "constraint challengers" view such constraints as obstacles to be surmounted. An analysis of 154 foreign policy crises provides strong support for this contingent monadic thesis: democracies led by constraint respecters stand out as extraordinarily pacific in their crisis responses, while democracies led by constraint challengers and autocracies led by both types of leaders are demonstrably more aggressive.

Notes:

Subject: STANDARD DEPOSIT TERMS 1.0 Type: DATAPASS:TERMS:STANDARD:1.0 Notes: This study was deposited under the of the Data-PASS standard deposit terms. A copy of the usage agreement is included in the file section of this study.;

Methodology and Processing

Sources Statement

Data Access

Notes:

Other Study Description Materials

Related Publications

Citation

Title:

Keller, Jonathan W., 2005, "Leadership Style, Regime Type, and Foreign Policy Crisis Behavior: A Contingent Monadic Peace?" International Studies Quarterly 49 (2), 205–232: doi:10.1111/j.0020-8833.2005.00342.x <a href= "http://www.blackwell-synergy.com/doi/abs/10.1111/j.0020-8833.2005.00342.x" target= "_new">(article available here)</a>.

Bibliographic Citation:

File Description--f109684

File: Keller49(2).tab

Number of cases: 178
No. of variables per record: 152
Type of File: text/tab-separated-values

Notes:

UNF:3:/eyMZ7nGo1xYLzEcA1pF9g==

Data file for this study

Variable Description

List of Variables:

leader
region3 - dividing leaders into thirds within each region
conshilo - -10 to -6 = 0, -5 to 7 = 1, 8 to 10 = 2
country
region
icb2 - foreign policy dataset
crisno - international crisis number
sycrno - internal icb systemic crisis number
cracno - internal icb actor-case identification
cracid - standard numerical country id
actor - three letter country id
cntryear - country code year
systrgyr - year of systemic crisis trigger
systrgmo - month of systemic crisis trigger
systrgda - day of systemic crisis trigger
cluster1
cluster2
cluster3
cluster4
cluster5
cluster6
triggr - trigger to foreign policy crisis
yrtrig - year of perception of crisis trigger
motrig - month of perception of crisis trigger
datrig - day of perception of crisis trigger
trigent - triggering entity
southv - perceived external source of threat to values
sizedu - size of decisional unit
strcdu - structure of decisional unit
comlev - level of communications among crisis actors
majres - crisis management i: major repsonse to crisis trigger
yerres - year of major response to trigger
monres - month of major response to trigger
dayres - day of major response to trigger
trgresra - elapsed time between perception of trigger and major response
crismg - crisis management ii: principal technique
cenvio - centrality of violence
sevvio - severity of violence
usinv - us involvement
usfavr - attitude to us activity
suinv - ussr involvement
sufavr - attitude to ussr activity
gbinv - uk involvement
gbfavr - attitude to uk activity
frinv - french involvement
frfavr - attitude to french activity
itinv - italian involvement
itfavr - attitude to italian activity
grinv - german involvement
grfavr - attitude to german activity
jpinv - japanese involvement
jpfavr - attutude to japanese activity
globorg - global organization organ most active in crisis
globact - content of global organization involvement
globfavr - attitude to global organization involvement
regorg - regional-security organization most active in crisis
regact - content of regional-security organization involvement
rofavr - attitude to regional-security organization involvement
outcom - content of crisis outcome
outevl - extent of satisfaction about outcome
outesr - escalation or reduction of tension
yrterm - year of termination of crisis
moterm - month of termination of crisis
daterm - day of termination of crisis
trgterra - elapsed time between perception of trigger and termination
resterra - elapsed time between response and termination
actloc - geographic location of crisis actor
geog - geographic location of crisis
cractloc - distance of crisis actor from location of crisis
noactr - number of actors involved in a crisis
stainsys - number of states in system
period - system polarity
syslev - system level
iwc - intra-war crisis
powdis - power discrepancy
gpinv - great power involvement in crisis
spinv - superpower involvement in crisis
age - age of state
territ - territorial size of crisis actor
regime - political regime of crisis actor
durreg - duration of political regime
allycap - alliance capability
globmemb - global organization membership
nucler - nuclear capability of crisis actor
powsta - power status of crisis actor
issue - issue of crisis
chissu - change in issue of crisis
gravty - gravity of value threatened
pethin - perceived threat to superpower influence
col - cost of living
unemp - unemployment
inflat - inflation
foodpr - food prices
labstr - labor disruptions
short - consumer goods shortages
econdt - economic status of actor
regrep - regime repression
socunr - societal unrest
massvl - mass violence
gvinst - government instability
sourdt - sources used for coding crisis
outfor - form of outcome
pc - conflict setting
pcid
southpow - source of threat power status
viol - violence associated with crisis actor
trigloc - external or internal trigger
type
nat
natstand
power
powstand
distrust
distand
task
tskstand
dnptstnd - average of standardized scores on dis, nat, task, and power
tcountry - 3-letter country code
tregime
tcnshilo
tcnslaxr
tautoc - institutional autocracy index
tdemoc - institutional democracy index
txrreg - executive recruitment regulation
txrcomp - executive recruitment competition
txropen - executive recruitment openness
tmono - monocratism
txconst - executive constraints
tparreg - regulation of participation
tparcomp - competitiveness of participation
tcent - centralization of state authority
h3a
h2aregio
trighilo
h6latest
trigvino - non-violent (0) or violent (1) trigger
dmautzro
demauto
respchal
intzero
intpostv
gravity
nucyesno
prtrctyn
leadyesn
newint
bipolar
advregim
trigcoun
yeartrig
leadxcon
cumdemoc

Variables

leader

f109684 Location:

Variable Format: character

Notes: UNF:3:juFpXXcDc1AuJoGCZ3lfHA==

dividing leaders into thirds within each region

f109684 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:3:IqhucMrf+OTOLVz5USoC7w==

-10 to -6 = 0, -5 to 7 = 1, 8 to 10 = 2

f109684 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:3:a4ygJ3Iu3z76ZvUwNQsMag==

country

f109684 Location:

Variable Format: character

Notes: UNF:3:JNM3C554m4j77MJ+THMGnA==

region

f109684 Location:

Variable Format: character

Notes: UNF:3:ccmmQON1sGKCMCp1gKQcPg==

foreign policy dataset

f109684 Location:

Variable Format: character

Notes: UNF:3:pEXcWxFjAWMhsaH13X5H/Q==

international crisis number

f109684 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:3:3zG1PnydT8KtoQzvC/Whdg==

internal icb systemic crisis number

f109684 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:3:9AccoZCfzNQ5koeIYr+CWw==

internal icb actor-case identification

f109684 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:3:uEfP0toV3v3gcHLEc3nHQA==

standard numerical country id

f109684 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:3:ab6JlpH4uB11wBKe6GIUfQ==

three letter country id

f109684 Location:

Variable Format: character

Notes: UNF:3:xjCVWTEMSBvPnxfSbqubmw==

country code year

f109684 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:3:7IT+BpvUadKsY8el1EDrdQ==

year of systemic crisis trigger

f109684 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:3:aGT5dWeu5o+rdXrD++bHcQ==

month of systemic crisis trigger

f109684 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:3:gpd4nacNtpRNfKuhzz4r0Q==

day of systemic crisis trigger

f109684 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:3:8VeH8cC2bCAt3oblHk8jQA==

cluster1

f109684 Location:

Variable Format: character

Notes: UNF:3:rGIwRo3b/1HJupaS4Htd3g==

cluster2

f109684 Location:

Variable Format: character

Notes: UNF:3:5N31KXOskmtZQ0LkL3HJSA==

cluster3

f109684 Location:

Variable Format: character

Notes: UNF:3:EmSTHstPLtsQIRbCbKN+qw==

cluster4

f109684 Location:

Variable Format: character

Notes: UNF:3:wSK87THg42r/rROclVDwGA==

cluster5

f109684 Location:

Variable Format: character

Notes: UNF:3:Acy4Yq8LQ+c15Q6rFCXglA==

cluster6

f109684 Location:

Variable Format: character

Notes: UNF:3:/zBX943esvFhsMZwWW2YxQ==

trigger to foreign policy crisis

f109684 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency	Text
1.	verbal act
3.	economic act
8.	indirect violent
9.	violent
5.	other non-violent
7.	non-viol mil act
99.	md
6.	internal challenge
4.	external change
2.	political act

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:3:fcZH4lE2ZQz7Md4WoajCPw==

year of perception of crisis trigger

f109684 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:3:u3UjRIit2sTcPW6Rl0428g==

month of perception of crisis trigger

f109684 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:3:U6kNlCffeIEpoiOjNIjI1g==

day of perception of crisis trigger

f109684 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:3:40GwvNDzpJwD5U31FA4cYQ==

triggering entity

f109684 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:3:cD+rCu3xTJftLfYLr33j7Q==

perceived external source of threat to values

f109684 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:3:TgRTcY9Ig1pLfHKho9VzEw==

size of decisional unit

f109684 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency	Text
1.	small 1-4
2.	medium 5-10
3.	large-over 10
9.	md

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:3:m2YoIxcuBDanQzE3lnfVYg==

structure of decisional unit

f109684 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency	Text
4.	other
1.	institutional
2.	ad hoc
3.	combined
9.	md

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:3:okREtmE11L0l1gmj/JE+Lg==

level of communications among crisis actors

f109684 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency	Text
4.	diplomatic rep
5.	bureaucrat
6.	non-officials
9.	md
7.	other
1.	head of state
3.	for or other min
2.	head of government
8.	no communication

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:3:cIb+6RcXkFdRK4ClilZZ/w==

crisis management i: major repsonse to crisis trigger

f109684 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency	Text
7.	mult inc non viol ml
1.	no res-inact
2.	verbal act
6.	non-viol mil act
4.	economic act
3.	political act
9.	mult inc violent
5.	other non-viol act
99.	md
8.	violent military

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:3:rNHNTEg52jVp1dbDqOyUCA==

year of major response to trigger

f109684 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:3:djArSP6fIL8A+OqC9xVjiQ==

month of major response to trigger

f109684 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:3:6ayeqbwxGHICr1IBh2o8ug==

day of major response to trigger

f109684 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:3:/+ir9oc4nlqMS0MFPjlOzA==

elapsed time between perception of trigger and major response

f109684 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:3:dTJTsPi8mq/Pzrlr0I2dBQ==

crisis management ii: principal technique

f109684 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency	Text
5.	non-mil pressure
3.	mediation
99.	md
8.	violence
4.	mult not inc viol
7.	mult inc violence
2.	adjud or arbit
6.	non-violent mil
1.	negotiation

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:3:iM2r5bmSLaNzDkx9CmOudw==

centrality of violence

f109684 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency	Text
9.	md
2.	violence minor
3.	violence important
4.	violence preeminent
1.	no violence as cmt

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:3:MdVZt0ow/Kr4zF8XG481Xw==

severity of violence

f109684 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency	Text
9.	md
3.	serious clashes
4.	full scale war
2.	minor clashes
1.	no violence as cmt

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:3:77ugorAVqZwJtLOXdCkBEQ==

us involvement

f109684 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency	Text
6.	covert involve
1.	not involved
3.	political involve
2.	non-intv or neutral
8.	direct mil inv
7.	semi-military inv
9.	sp crisis actor
5.	propaganda involve
99.	md
4.	economic involve

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:3:gC+Yh69ky2tORFvSTPN6CQ==

attitude to us activity

f109684 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency	Text
1.	act viewed favor
3.	act viewed unfavor
2.	act viewed neutral
8.	sp crisis actor
6.	inact viewed unfavor
9.	md
4.	inact viewed favor
5.	inact viewed neutral

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:3:ZofZI4zam5KyKJqhx58MpQ==

ussr involvement

f109684 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency	Text
4.	economic involve
3.	political involve
2.	non-intv or neutral
7.	semi-military inv
8.	direct mil inv
5.	propaganda involve
9.	sp crisis actor
1.	not involved
6.	covert involve
99.	md

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:3:Ngh7wulaHTh30evfdFQv/Q==

attitude to ussr activity

f109684 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency	Text
5.	inact viewed neutral
9.	md
2.	act viewed neutral
6.	inact viewed unfavor
3.	act viewed unfavor
1.	act viewed favor
8.	sp crisis actor
4.	inact viewed favor

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:3:oSMB9fzTwa99OlfSOaAiFg==

uk involvement

f109684 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency	Text
99.	md
5.	propaganda involve
1.	not involved
6.	covert involve
7.	semi-military inv
4.	economic involve
2.	non-intv or neutral
8.	direct mil involve
9.	gp crisis actor
0.	post-wwii
3.	political involve

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:3:sWsVpXCyaXukxqn2NvPHtA==

attitude to uk activity

f109684 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency	Text
2.	act viewed neutral
1.	act viewed favor
8.	gp crisis actor
5.	inact view neutral
6.	inact view unfavor
3.	act viewed unfavor
9.	md
4.	inact view favor
0.	post-wwii

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:3:q1K5WxRD5D3tNYtDerghgg==

french involvement

f109684 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency	Text
6.	covert involve
4.	economic involve
7.	semi-military inv
9.	gp crisis actor
5.	propaganda involve
1.	not involved
8.	direct mil involve
2.	non-intv or neutral
0.	post-wwii
99.	md
3.	political involve

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:3:7FO0g2SNEKBJhNBuDq93AA==

attitude to french activity

f109684 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency	Text
2.	act viewed neutral
1.	act viewed favor
0.	post-wwii
3.	act viewed unfavor
8.	gp crisis actor
9.	md
4.	inact view favor
6.	inact view unfavor
5.	inact view neutral

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:3:us4sqYZS4GNLSi2yxdyDfw==

italian involvement

f109684 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency	Text
0.	post-wwii
3.	political involve
6.	covert involve
5.	propaganda involve
7.	semi-military inv
2.	non-intv or neutral
9.	gp crisis actor
1.	not involved
4.	economic involve
99.	md
8.	direct mil involve

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:3:lKPhodO2J6VwhoQvnp9BNQ==

attitude to italian activity

f109684 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency	Text
9.	md
5.	inact view neutral
6.	inact view unfavor
4.	inact view favor
8.	gp crisis actor
3.	act viewed unfavor
1.	act viewed favor
2.	act viewed neutral
0.	post-wwii

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:3:sZPFfU16Id6E1dkjlEkzYA==

german involvement

f109684 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency	Text
8.	direct mil involve
6.	covert involve
3.	political involve
5.	propaganda involve
9.	gp crisis actor
7.	semi-military inv
2.	non-intv or neutral
0.	post-wwii
4.	economic involve
99.	md
1.	not involved

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:3:5kxzgbkl3rXyKZatG04oNQ==

attitude to german activity

f109684 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency	Text
2.	act viewed neutral
4.	inact view favor
6.	inact view unfavor
8.	gp crisis actor
5.	inact view neutral
3.	act viewed unfavor
0.	post-wwii
1.	act viewed favor
9.	md

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:3:8W+gairMd1S8CIzjmQqIPw==

japanese involvement

f109684 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency	Text
4.	economic involve
9.	gp crisis actor
6.	covert involve
1.	not involved
2.	non-intv or neutral
0.	post-wwii
5.	propaganda involve
99.	md
3.	political involve
7.	semi-military inv
8.	direct mil involve

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:3:7FO0g2SNEKBJhNBuDq93AA==

attutude to japanese activity

f109684 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency	Text
8.	gp crisis actor
1.	act viewed favor
4.	inact view favor
0.	post-wwii
9.	md
6.	inact view unfavor
5.	inact view neutral
3.	act viewed unfavor
2.	act viewed neutral

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:3:Cnhjis+dElaJALRUyx1RSw==

global organization organ most active in crisis

f109684 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency	Text
1.	go not in existence
5.	general assembly
2.	no activity
3.	general-other
4.	security-council
9.	md
6.	secretary general

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:3:Ak0gimC3DsgPGmTBhSIGqA==

content of global organization involvement

f109684 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency	Text
6.	condemnation
5.	good offices
99.	md
11.	sanctions
7.	call for action
1.	go not in existence
9.	arbitration
14.	general-other
10.	adjudication
2.	no go activity
12.	observer group
4.	fact-finding
3.	duscuss without res
8.	mediation
13.	emergency mil force

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:3:oR2ooES+ugMqzwd/XuGKGA==

attitude to global organization involvement

f109684 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency	Text
2.	act viewed favor
4.	act viewed unfavor
3.	act viewed neutral
5.	inact view favor
6.	inact view neutral
9.	md
1.	go not in existence
7.	inact viewed unfavor

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:3:l12WxjEfEmwiGo/shRa2Mg==

regional-security organization most active in crisis

f109684 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency	Text
0.	ro not in existence
99.	md
1.	no ro activity
5.	oau
4.	oas
7.	cento
2.	las
8.	wto
3.	nato
9.	multiple
6.	seato
10.	other

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:3:L3ptv4l/sCAUZa0eirq2DQ==

content of regional-security organization involvement

f109684 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency	Text
9.	adjudication
12.	emergency mil force
11.	observer force
4.	good offices
3.	fact-finding
2.	disc without res
7.	mediation
5.	condemnation
0.	ro not in existence
99.	md
13.	multiple activity
10.	sanctions
8.	arbitration
14.	general-other
6.	call for action
1.	no ro activity

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:3:CMwussJDpW0EOsU7CdeH3g==

attitude to regional-security organization involvement

f109684 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency	Text
5.	ro inact view neutral
6.	ro inact view unfavor
0.	ro not in existence
9.	md
2.	ro act viewed neutral
4.	ro inact view favor
1.	ro act viewed favr
3.	ro act viewed unfavor

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:3:b8KO0sePHEu6l7lk6rL33w==

content of crisis outcome

f109684 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency	Text
1.	victory
4.	defeat
9.	md
2.	compromise
3.	stalemate
5.	other

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:3:5WMXalKoCYUE7VzWCe2QAw==

extent of satisfaction about outcome

f109684 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency	Text
3.	adver sat pres dis
2.	present sat adver dis
9.	md
1.	all satisfied
4.	all dissatisfied

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:3:faH7t8BILvSloFpiTQuzCg==

escalation or reduction of tension

f109684 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency	Text
9.	md
3.	recent case
2.	reduction conf
1.	escalation conf

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:3:SAvIaLsJSO/rORCCWtkMZw==

year of termination of crisis

f109684 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:3:E+UHUZ5hDtS6F9gin7Yg8g==

month of termination of crisis

f109684 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:3:feEOR6Wwqc+ZhiKqV1MXsg==

day of termination of crisis

f109684 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:3:nEd6HJsdCkdWXEqAg/DY1g==

elapsed time between perception of trigger and termination

f109684 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:3:h5l9nJbpHcd1SjeS2vqVvA==

elapsed time between response and termination

f109684 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:3:tp3YUCXmBXndoOCRAE5Dng==

geographic location of crisis actor

f109684 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency	Text
42.	central america
21.	north africa
13.	south asia
24.	central africa
20.	west africa
51.	australia and oc
15.	middle east
99.	md
22.	east africa
11.	east asia
31.	east europe
23.	southern africa
33.	west europe
34.	north europe
9.	central asia
43.	south america
41.	north america
35.	south europe
30.	euro-asia
12.	south-east asia
32.	central europe

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:3:1I8N/osWAUB0+fR+T24T8w==

geographic location of crisis

f109684 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency	Text
51.	australia and oc
12.	south-east asia
32.	central europe
30.	euro-asia
99.	md
23.	southern africa
43.	south america
35.	south europe
22.	east africa
13.	south asia
33.	west europe
34.	north europe
9.	central asia
42.	central america
31.	east europe
11.	east asia
20.	west africa
41.	north america
24.	central africa
15.	middle east
21.	north africa

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:3:OSvR1heCA/CTEwbu2Q4gqw==

distance of crisis actor from location of crisis

f109684 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency	Text
1.	home territory
3.	same continent
9.	md
4.	elsewhere-remote
2.	sub-region

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:3:NkociiaZ6eyUs+gmDm29+Q==

number of actors involved in a crisis

f109684 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:3:A4/oSHCLVPkKKVTkTVebuA==

number of states in system

f109684 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:3:bYfEfpPNT8cUxKgIpqbFyA==

system polarity

f109684 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency	Text
3.	45-62 bipolar
4.	63-89 polycentric
5.	post-cold war
9.	md
2.	39-45 wwii
1.	18-39 multipolar

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:3:27CnIaUs5LegeOQprveiTA==

system level

f109684 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency	Text
9.	md
1.	subsystem
2.	dominant system

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:3:SJupgc7KuSIkEUIR3Qo+Ow==

intra-war crisis

f109684 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency	Text
8.	defeat sig battle
7.	non-tech escal
1.	not iwc
6.	technological escal
9.	int deterioration
5.	prob exit maj power
10.	other
2.	entry new maj pow
99.	md
4.	exit maj pow
3.	prob major entry

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:3:exzEGMaVGVM741xl348aGg==

power discrepancy

f109684 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:3:1AN7Uum4nnIxtk2wAqRFOQ==

great power involvement in crisis

f109684 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency	Text
3.	2+ gps low involve
7.	1 or moregp act oth hi
2.	all gp no involve
1.	post-wwii
4.	1 gp hi other lo-no
5.	2+ gps hi involv
6.	1 gp act other no inv
9.	md

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:3:FApEJTU4NK8nEFN++WhN9g==

superpower involvement in crisis

f109684 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency	Text
7.	1 sp act oth high
6.	1 sp act oth lo-no
3.	both sps low
9.	md
4.	1sp hi oth lo or no
2.	both sps no 1lo 1no
5.	both sps high
1.	pre-1945

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:3:/INAlnRohEv/CNWK9hALMg==

age of state

f109684 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency	Text
6.	1958-1966
1.	pre-1648
3.	1815-1918
9.	md
7.	post-1966
2.	1648-1814
5.	post wwii-1957
4.	1919-1945

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:3:Hwm/H0B+84+SaFsDxRhBNg==

territorial size of crisis actor

f109684 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency	Text
3.	over 500,000
2.	50,000-500,000
1.	up to 50,000 sqmi
9.	md

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:3:THbVNH2gzWd4BoF2fs4A+A==

political regime of crisis actor

f109684 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency	Text
4.	military indirect
2.	civil authoritarian
1.	democratic
5.	military dual
3.	military direct
9.	md

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:3:98KB98lZso8O2a6u5n3oBQ==

duration of political regime

f109684 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency	Text
9.	md
1.	0 - 2 years
3.	over 25 years
2.	3 - 25 years

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:3:gOx/4waVPysyhGzzWCN7eg==

alliance capability

f109684 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency	Text
9.	md
1.	non-aligh-neutral
2.	inf ally sp-major
3.	formal ally ap-maj
4.	alliance lead sp-maj

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:3:wpDu4ZzVN4Hhe6VjL819UA==

global organization membership

f109684 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency	Text
4.	neither
9.	md
3.	un only
1.	both
2.	league only

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:3:NYrdEklbXam+ZHxMPz2qpw==

nuclear capability of crisis actor

f109684 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency	Text
4.	developed nuc cap
2.	foreseeable nuc cap
1.	no nuclear capability
9.	md
3.	nuclear capability

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:3:DVh3OGlSqT8pryDbVKcE/A==

power status of crisis actor

f109684 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency	Text
2.	middle power
4.	superpower
9.	md
3.	great power
1.	small power

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:3:luybtkzAu9gCT2rWuqACsg==

issue of crisis

f109684 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency	Text
3.	economic-development
2.	political-diplomatic
4.	cultural-status
9.	md
1.	military-security

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:3:DFnUYQrTlw+S0mbIhVWjXA==

change in issue of crisis

f109684 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency	Text
9.	md
1.	military-security
3.	economic-development
6.	no change
4.	cultural-status
5.	other
2.	political-diplomatic

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:3:24OagkmfR4Bb3ymLn6rk0w==

gravity of value threatened

f109684 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency	Text
0.	economic threat
4.	threat to influence
2.	political threat
5.	threat grave damage
6.	threat to existence
9.	md
1.	limited mil damage
7.	other
3.	territorial threat

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:3:C8m6azQA/o+3qCzQhHSW2g==

perceived threat to superpower influence

f109684 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency	Text
3.	adv chg global bal
0.	pre-1945 case
4.	decl sp inf in fl
7.	dec inf adv bloc
1.	no threat to influence
9.	md
6.	dec inf non-aligh
5.	dec inf non-bloc
2.	threat to inf not sp

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:3:2BMulgMi04vcjE2rdOftsg==

cost of living

f109684 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency	Text
9.	md
3.	significant decr
1.	significant incr
4.	newly indep-exile
2.	normal

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:3:+Z2nDO5wxed6fOTToWml1g==

unemployment

f109684 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency	Text
3.	significant decr
1.	significant incr
2.	normal
4.	newly indep-exile
9.	md

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:3:OZeeiSc7KVgeRZlMobXLhw==

inflation

f109684 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency	Text
3.	significant decr
2.	normal
1.	significant incr
9.	md
4.	newly indep-exile

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:3:FFnT2Ef6DaM23xZgV8Z4BA==

food prices

f109684 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency	Text
3.	significant decr
4.	newly indep-exile
1.	significant incr
9.	md
2.	normal

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:3:o3Y45hzvkLEtc8/jO0ttZg==

labor disruptions

f109684 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency	Text
2.	normal
4.	newly indep-exile
1.	significant incr
9.	md
3.	significant decr

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:3:zd6IIBFko6kdkunzrB+MQQ==

consumer goods shortages

f109684 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency	Text
2.	normal
1.	significant incr
3.	significant decr
4.	newly indep-exile
9.	md

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:3:PDQ6y5JX0R0uS52mjetl8g==

economic status of actor

f109684 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency	Text
3.	significant decr
2.	normal
9.	md
1.	significant incr
4.	newly indep-exile

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:3:GenZoHUPxrzUivZ8b3ngyg==

regime repression

f109684 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency	Text
3.	significant decr
4.	newly indep-exile
9.	md
2.	normal
1.	significant incr

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:3:prBbhMKLAxQiaB45wIK/WA==

societal unrest

f109684 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency	Text
1.	significant incr
2.	normal
4.	newly indep-exile
3.	significant decr
9.	md

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:3:ooK53G0Tjkmx+XdoB+uFdQ==

mass violence

f109684 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency	Text
9.	md
2.	normal
4.	newly indep-exile
1.	significant incr
3.	significant decr

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:3:RlImFqtjU9wzynbiSA6DqQ==

government instability

f109684 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency	Text
1.	significant incr
2.	normal
9.	md
3.	significant decr
4.	newly indep-exile

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:3:FoASnF/XBNAubMPE/sLu9g==

sources used for coding crisis

f109684 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency	Text
1.	all sources
3.	all excl dc and me
2.	all no dc-me-ar
4.	chronologies only
9.	md

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:3:g9VvfsBZ4NUun+PCY23Qxg==

form of outcome

f109684 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency	Text
7.	compliance
2.	semi-formal-vol
11.	other-go intv
3.	tacit undrstnd
6.	unilateral-adversary
9.	imposed-imposee
1.	formal agree-vol
5.	unilateral-ally
15.	faded
13.	other-int or non-st
4.	unilateral-self
99.	md
10.	spillover
8.	imposed-imposer
12.	other-ally
14.	other-misc

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:3:4+SgtW0m85F+bvPAKI6JLw==

conflict setting

f109684 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency	Text
2.	protracted conflict
9.	md
1.	non-protracted conf
3.	long war prot conf

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:3:U2I4PWxYBH5QMmhv69YeTw==

pcid

f109684 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:3:x9XDyd4UVakt6q/zV824IQ==

source of threat power status

f109684 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency	Text
2.	middle power
1.	small power
4.	superpower
3.	great power

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:3:oFWHEbnGsQhmcZ1X2u6mcQ==

violence associated with crisis actor

f109684 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency	Text
4.	war
2.	minor clashes
9.	md
3.	serious clashes
1.	no violence

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:3:W/hC9lJ0fdnlq9oOouR/Sw==

external or internal trigger

f109684 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency	Text
2.	internal trigent
1.	external trigent
9.	md

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:3:Y+nicbRweLic+KbjBpX7mg==

type

f109684 Location:

Variable Format: character

Notes: UNF:3:BI5HjXqIgjMBBc6140O+Wg==

nat

f109684 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:3:HmZFuqfoZrSXznmsXsPdOg==

natstand

f109684 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:3:JIDH9O4s04xiNDmdGCh3NQ==

power

f109684 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:3:pNlnX64SZzLbHyc2iE8hxA==

powstand

f109684 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:3:rmKpMNq2D/KQxuIkxjLkRA==

distrust

f109684 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:3:nOPRPi0osAp9ks1kq2q/ng==

distand

f109684 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:3:XcAvPjWmORiDtYWbPvZGLQ==

task

f109684 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:3:uGq79/HIH9LTY/Cun2oHnA==

tskstand

f109684 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:3:PTzwkibpJEAiKGuuE5+6Sg==

average of standardized scores on dis, nat, task, and power

f109684 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:3:VFBCp0fe8PQm/fzmD/guAA==

3-letter country code

f109684 Location:

Variable Format: character

Notes: UNF:3:M+rgTXHkXBLfureAop6fVQ==

tregime

f109684 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:3:FB8Ti7D3lXOBILLx2vO3xA==

tcnshilo

f109684 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:3:lPVfWWRNGvTaNYI2H3TjQQ==

tcnslaxr

f109684 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:3:BEF7Va9vZKJoccLjaEYnBw==

institutional autocracy index

f109684 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:3:Pf2GowYmSkRBEHU8G5GBIw==

institutional democracy index

f109684 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:3:ZDqKsJIzF1uJCS3EYfsV9A==

executive recruitment regulation

f109684 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency	Text
3.	regulated
2.	designation/transitional
1.	unregulated

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:3:soIpWJU03bejmwZw2mxdQQ==

executive recruitment competition

f109684 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency	Text
2.	dual/transitional
3.	election
0.	unregulated
1.	selection

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:3:mNV8zi9EfoenKsOlFrn04A==

executive recruitment openness

f109684 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency	Text
0.	unregulated
2.	dual/designation
1.	closed
3.	dual/election
4.	open

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:3:M0+mS5nDtUbagqi+6sAYcA==

monocratism

f109684 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency	Text
1.	pure individual
4.	intermediate category
5.	collective executive
2.	intermediate category
3.	qualified individual

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:3:lwc/T02GTeGk0nBC8p59TA==

executive constraints

f109684 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency	Text
6.	intermediate category
7.	executive parity or subordination
5.	substantial limitations
3.	slight to moderate limitations
4.	intermediate category
2.	intermediate category
1.	unlimited authority

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:3:R0b9Ng19n03SPu1NTWARxw==

regulation of participation

f109684 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency	Text
3.	factional/restricted
2.	factional/transitional
4.	restricted
1.	unregulated
5.	institutionalized

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:3:n+tm5ZG03nukAdUXwPaqFg==

competitiveness of participation

f109684 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency	Text
3.	factional
5.	competitive
4.	transitional
0.	unregulated
2.	restricted/transitional
1.	suppressed

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:3:WYlj9lXecBkbWKHlz0799w==

centralization of state authority

f109684 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency	Text
2.	intermediate category
1.	unitary
3.	federal

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:3:9geC7HObbhH9FzBvpLDzFw==

h3a

f109684 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:3:cpmetpE+PERqn9GOe2iuGg==

h2aregio

f109684 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:3:/OGOZhqjaGEqa9wtDRyLEQ==

trighilo

f109684 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:3:ndi+qR4OPLh1h+NVO6dHQg==

h6latest

f109684 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:3:DqKhIn1v5YND/7xfVhrcnw==

non-violent (0) or violent (1) trigger

f109684 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:3:CQdGylSWCmr7RejHzRiLQQ==

dmautzro

f109684 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:3:p9BR02fsizWU22i7ASIy5A==

demauto

f109684 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:3:HrGq3nxbJqiQJshlIFIvyA==

respchal

f109684 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:3:WaWdn+VVz9/CC+yFhBMBng==

intzero

f109684 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:3:mbOiS4SKdX3A7Eisdf1RzQ==

intpostv

f109684 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:3:pIjVvLXGtL+R6C6SLLuOrw==

gravity

f109684 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:3:cQ5O2lsuCr7suL4wTjM5yQ==

nucyesno

f109684 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:3:O0xQqem8/IYDL3nyVMdKDw==

prtrctyn

f109684 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:3:a5i9Q+VKcycpP5dVQF2kpg==

leadyesn

f109684 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:3:ehJFVqr5nYxiVGf0G+4JhA==

newint

f109684 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:3:3Di7xGkNrfFvRhMz1O+4BA==

bipolar

f109684 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:3:1R9mJTsgs4Bgw6VgO6JZSw==

advregim

f109684 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:3:ChGvOh1h6z0f71vLBScANw==

trigcoun

f109684 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:3:TgRTcY9Ig1pLfHKho9VzEw==

yeartrig

f109684 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:3:u3UjRIit2sTcPW6Rl0428g==

leadxcon

f109684 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:3:RGHxuJiSVRfc/3rRZlfKoA==

cumdemoc

f109684 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:3:2DrTT5+Lvv4eH139JK4l6w==

Other Study-Related Materials

Label:

Keller.zip

Text:

Stata data file as originally formatted

Notes:

application/x-zip-compressed