Sanctions, Aid, and Voting Patterns in the United Nations General Assembly (doi:10.7910/DVN/BOVDTA)

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Part 2: Study Description
Part 3: Data Files Description
Part 4: Variable Description
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Sanctions, Aid, and Voting Patterns in the United Nations General Assembly

doi:10.7910/DVN/BOVDTA

Harvard Dataverse

2023-08-03

1

Lektzian, David, 2023, "Sanctions, Aid, and Voting Patterns in the United Nations General Assembly", https://doi.org/10.7910/DVN/BOVDTA, Harvard Dataverse, V1, UNF:6:GcyudofogxKWZY5XEC4Cgg== [fileUNF]

Sanctions, Aid, and Voting Patterns in the United Nations General Assembly

doi:10.7910/DVN/BOVDTA

Lektzian, David (Texas Tech University - Political Science)

Harvard Dataverse

Interactions, International

Interactions, International

2022-11-18

https://doi.org/10.7910/DVN/BOVDTA

Social Sciences, United Nations, Sanctions, International organizations, Foreign policy

This paper investigates the effects of U.S. economic sanctions on UN General Assembly voting patterns. Using panel data for 123 developing countries from 1990–2014, and employing an instrumental variables approach to account for potential endogeneity, we find that U.S.- imposed sanctions generally lead to a decline in voting coincidence between the U.S. and target countries when the sanctioned country receives low U.S. aid. However, in instances where the U.S. sanctions countries dependent on U.S. foreign aid, we find targets are increasingly more likely to vote with the U.S. This is because sanctions send a credible signal of the U.S.’s willingness to carry out punishment and cancel future aid to countries that publicly oppose it. Our research shows how sanctions alone tend to pull countries apart while, together with aid dependence, have the potential to bring countries in line with the U.S.’s position on issues, adding nuance to the sanctions literature.

• Number of cases: 2716

• No. of variables per record: 52

• Type of File: text/tab-separated-values

UNF:6:GcyudofogxKWZY5XEC4Cgg==

• ccode2
• year - Calendar Year of Observation
• absidealimportantdiff
• NatDisTcy
• EUSThUSNoImpDty
• lnCOWTTradeWUSPGDPWDI
• lSanUSTermAid
• lThUSTermAid
• lNonSanUSTermAid
• lSanAllNotThTermAid
• year902 - (2 year) time period dummy
• lEUSimpositionUS
• llEUSimpositionUS
• lEUSThOnly
• lNonEUSimpositionUS
• lEUSUSTot
• lEUSSanOnly
• lEUSthreatUS
• lUCDPInterConf
• lUCDPIntraConf
• latopdefense2
• lVDEMv2x_polyarchy2
• lWDIGDPPCCUS2
• lCOWTTradeWUSPGDPWDI
• llnWDIMilExPGDP2
• llnWDIGDPPCCUS2
• lunderIMF2
• llSanUSTermAid
• lother
• llnCOWTTradeWUSPGDPWDI
• lEUSTNITot
• lEUSTANITot
• lEUSThUSNoImpDty
• lEUSThUSAidNoImpDty
• llEUSThUSAidNoImpDty
• llEUSThUSNoImpDty
• lNonTNImp
• lNonTANImp
• zllnGBAidTotPGDPWDIa
• zlImpUSXllnAidPGDPa
• lzlImpUSXllnAidPGDPa
• zlEUSUSTotXllnAidPGDPa
• zlTANITotXllnAidPGDPa
• zlTNITotXllnAidPGDPa
• zlSanAidXzllnAidPGDPa
• lTANIXzlAidPGDPa
• lThNoImpXzlAidPGDPa
• lzlSanAidXzllnAidPGDPa
• llTANIXzlAidPGDPa
• lNatDisTcy
• lNatDisTXAida
• t

f6712066 Location:

Summary Statistics: StDev 228.8903896750021; Mean 489.2282768777683; Min. 40.0; Max. 950.0; Valid 2716.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:uNMhNTD2aJvBGxXe8vk2og==

f6712066 Location:

Summary Statistics: Max. 2014.0; StDev 7.077178022641585; Mean 2002.3586156111928; Valid 2716.0; Min. 1990.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:LFNBUMGUiDuX179nEqdFfA==

f6712066 Location:

Summary Statistics: Valid 2680.0; Max. 5.621755123138428; Mean 3.2960889543059197; StDev 0.8643000647363256; Min. 0.16071100533008575

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:WoSyvRrfRlSxmP5Dq6PXJQ==

f6712066 Location:

Summary Statistics: Max. 43.0; Min. 0.0; StDev 3.870037389926031; Mean 2.337260677466872; Valid 2716.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:E+HOWFTaAZpEjuJaX2Z9jQ==

f6712066 Location:

Summary Statistics: Mean 0.03939617083946979; StDev 0.19457145592895353; Valid 2716.0; Min. 0.0; Max. 1.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:qQxR0ewzKTGKhEF05pGt5A==

f6712066 Location:

Summary Statistics: Valid 2680.0; Max. -0.39051517844200134; Mean -3.2297450133224026; Min. -12.383291244506836; StDev 1.2564824849940186;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:9N+QXIawXr/842/RNsxmvg==

f6712066 Location:

Summary Statistics: Min. 0.0; Mean 0.18703976435935082; StDev 0.3900152519591504; Valid 2716.0; Max. 1.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:wJa6nHfFlJcctzgof9uqxw==

f6712066 Location:

Summary Statistics: Valid 2716.0; StDev 0.33264941487463123; Max. 1.0; Mean 0.12665684830633311; Min. 0.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:yiHeYpdDJOKHGLu7mg31DA==

f6712066 Location:

Summary Statistics: Mean 0.8129602356406492; Valid 2716.0; Min. 0.0; Max. 1.0; StDev 0.3900152519591504

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:I79n308RoMFGYx1OgYNkFQ==

f6712066 Location:

Summary Statistics: Valid 2716.0; Mean 0.12187039764359346; Min. 0.0; Max. 1.0; StDev 0.32719630366864283

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:DYpGED6+uBfrkpljV9hQPg==

f6712066 Location:

Summary Statistics: Mean 6.938880706921944; Max. 13.0; Valid 2716.0; StDev 3.5495884230768; Min. 1.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:XwKRW5IH4m9fR7dxuUVa0w==

f6712066 Location:

Summary Statistics: Mean 0.2201767304860082; StDev 0.4144420088499585; Max. 1.0; Valid 2716.0; Min. 0.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:xQXgixft+RbCYVbfGu150Q==

f6712066 Location:

Summary Statistics: Valid 2619.0; Min. 0.0; Mean 0.22184039709812972; Max. 1.0; StDev 0.41556368213071654

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:CMHOpFLcYUb8Jk2WOpkCiQ==

f6712066 Location:

Summary Statistics: StDev 0.1954410879382978; Mean 0.03976435935198832; Valid 2716.0; Min. 0.0; Max. 1.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:55riXVSEqqn57F6jfc77jA==

f6712066 Location:

Summary Statistics: Max. 1.0; Min. 0.0; StDev 0.4144420088499585; Valid 2716.0; Mean 0.7798232695139918

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:VX3pb6+uBB8o3ucLsfQ8vA==

f6712066 Location:

Summary Statistics: Mean 32.227172312223864; Valid 2716.0; Min. 17.0; Max. 64.0; StDev 12.854832409401368;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:y8Xxi/6+vO7jIrUUw72tww==

f6712066 Location:

Summary Statistics: Valid 2716.0; Min. 0.0; Mean 0.09720176730486024; Max. 1.0; StDev 0.2962868635286472

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:KlOjBsV4AZsFYZJo8qmh7w==

f6712066 Location:

Summary Statistics: Max. 1.0; Min. 0.0; Mean 0.16273932253313797; Valid 2716.0; StDev 0.36919564125946447

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:FFqZ27oOU0xTKRNYS+3YtQ==

f6712066 Location:

Summary Statistics: Min. 0.0; Valid 2716.0; StDev 0.16067458018814995; Mean 0.02650957290132557; Max. 1.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:qA2cPOTHlBuWUEbksZyLIg==

f6712066 Location:

Summary Statistics: Mean 0.14322533136966006; Min. 0.0; Valid 2716.0; StDev 0.3503669983792661; Max. 1.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:+X54AeBxOlxhu9T0xiemJA==

f6712066 Location:

Summary Statistics: Min. 0.0; Max. 1.0; Mean 0.22754050073637389; Valid 2716.0; StDev 0.41932154732782206

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:iupLn/775hbzbrZFdb/P2A==

f6712066 Location:

Summary Statistics: Mean 0.4512772986060837; Min. 0.014000000432133675; Valid 2665.0; StDev 0.23188320653286373; Max. 0.9290000200271606

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:4MSBkTKjRRKOkhcwPQpUlw==

f6712066 Location:

Summary Statistics: StDev 9156.305365061567; Min. 164.33660888671875; Valid 2668.0; Max. 65885.0625; Mean 5772.63180774761

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:7TDxpfbppX0JPTQm0Kk/+w==

f6712066 Location:

Summary Statistics: Max. 0.8362324237823486; Valid 2681.0; Min. 0.0; StDev 0.10551576574390639; Mean 0.08054778776785508

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:UMSYgOjlOid3PLJYSsNHOg==

f6712066 Location:

Summary Statistics: Mean 0.6086489660816441; Min. -7.913658142089844; Valid 2635.0; Max. 4.765159606933594; StDev 0.8639266495745761

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:EajWGv4HI1favQyXOwsNBw==

f6712066 Location:

Summary Statistics: Mean 7.824818984500649; Valid 2668.0; Max. 11.095666885375977; Min. 5.101916790008545; StDev 1.2965488477912614

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:AcnORWW2/ln9UYkAwbg+Fg==

f6712066 Location:

Summary Statistics: Valid 2641.0; Max. 1.0; Mean 0.4543733434305192; StDev 0.49800814915269753; Min. 0.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:ImptzBAIcI8RBl2PmU79ew==

f6712066 Location:

Summary Statistics: Max. 1.0; Mean 0.1897670866743038; StDev 0.3921916236255416; Min. 0.0; Valid 2619.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:T4IV8kxKtUW65DkQYhHh4w==

f6712066 Location:

Summary Statistics: StDev 0.26002233758360027; Max. 1.0; Mean 0.072901325478645; Min. 0.0; Valid 2716.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:72SIY0lV/sYBSp7Bf0UKdQ==

f6712066 Location:

Summary Statistics: Max. -0.17884868383407593; Valid 2674.0; Mean -3.22292042904231; Min. -12.383291244506836; StDev 1.256459748550621

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:l0ICMzNVYnwvjrVUCZ3isw==

f6712066 Location:

Summary Statistics: Min. 0.0; Valid 2716.0; Max. 30.0; Mean 8.33321060382916; StDev 8.198671329348524;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:cVLxxg7Q6kVvFLalcrUFDQ==

f6712066 Location:

Summary Statistics: Max. 29.0; Valid 2716.0; Mean 6.836156111929307; StDev 7.9278070760406925; Min. 0.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:Zidhirb4bTwRnPLaMNaaiQ==

f6712066 Location:

Summary Statistics: Max. 1.0; StDev 0.1954410879382978; Min. 0.0; Mean 0.03976435935198832; Valid 2716.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:55riXVSEqqn57F6jfc77jA==

f6712066 Location:

Summary Statistics: Min. 0.0; Valid 2716.0; Mean 0.028350515463917453; StDev 0.16600274056323724; Max. 1.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:HLXaWuHtkI5XDltuWqSirQ==

f6712066 Location:

Summary Statistics: Max. 1.0; StDev 0.17107156705438772; Mean 0.030164184803360108; Min. 0.0; Valid 2619.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:Lt5MWKmGwJh4Ccb9UiMMdA==

f6712066 Location:

Summary Statistics: Mean 0.04200076365024798; StDev 0.2006291822098475; Min. 0.0; Max. 1.0; Valid 2619.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:Vh6No9rpd4SxuNWNEGbUmw==

f6712066 Location:

Summary Statistics: StDev 0.1954410879382978; Mean 0.9602356406480117; Valid 2716.0; Min. 0.0; Max. 1.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:kuBqKsa68vaiyKmkfflHWQ==

f6712066 Location:

Summary Statistics: StDev 0.16600274056323724; Mean 0.9716494845360826; Valid 2716.0; Max. 1.0; Min. 0.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:XTCfKicaA4Z54mqzGlqx2A==

f6712066 Location:

Summary Statistics: Mean 0.002719437432009105; StDev 1.0009018778109808; Min. -1.577833890914917; Max. 3.2175631523132324; Valid 2533.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:pYXrLWWnUGQE1SB+xHraIw==

f6712066 Location:

Summary Statistics: StDev 0.43938111492899184; Max. 1.9309910535812378; Mean -0.038540671347351986; Valid 2533.0; Min. -1.577833890914917

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:tXgQdctGu3qiKhQcpG0xzw==

f6712066 Location:

Summary Statistics: Max. 1.9309910535812378; Valid 2362.0; Min. -1.577833890914917; Mean -0.04037788179332354; StDev 0.4439484802618291

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:I3UbXPLBhaP5hRRUVYv/3A==

f6712066 Location:

Summary Statistics: Valid 2533.0; Max. 150.0693359375; Min. -100.98136901855469; Mean 0.5775165220195725; StDev 35.30097460155848;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:4MKghwKHOSDMoJ9dfnq8Cg==

f6712066 Location:

Summary Statistics: Min. -45.75718307495117; Max. 68.00016784667969; Valid 2533.0; Mean 0.2756852224252721; StDev 10.552032408043651

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:oDTp0SSQwZRA5flEenMSkQ==

f6712066 Location:

Summary Statistics: Min. -47.335018157958984; Max. 70.34500122070312; Mean 0.3135608144790403; Valid 2533.0; StDev 11.838363729469362;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:je6aJPl0U2xOIcT3hF5b7Q==

f6712066 Location:

Summary Statistics: Min. -1.577833890914917; StDev 0.39335584436574356; Valid 2533.0; Mean -0.010965043847642976; Max. 1.9309910535812378

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:qicJ6whmfYRMVCSAJJMYcw==

f6712066 Location:

Summary Statistics: Max. 1.8707101345062256; Valid 2533.0; Min. -1.2830429077148438; StDev 0.16637984870569034; Mean 0.014211438633751449;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:QydABdIF0lomzGGHAHzDwQ==

f6712066 Location:

Summary Statistics: Max. 1.8707101345062256; Valid 2533.0; StDev 0.21681004875528082; Mean 0.0050716783154269975; Min. -1.577833890914917;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:swQqEDo0tupoWFN+Z3I7PQ==

f6712066 Location:

Summary Statistics: Valid 2362.0; Mean -0.013209087575038997; StDev 0.3985876797826312; Max. 1.9309910535812378; Min. -1.577833890914917;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:51G40EF0qtqPBspgerjTRw==

f6712066 Location:

Summary Statistics: StDev 0.16725004077429778; Max. 1.8707101345062256; Min. -1.2830429077148438; Valid 2362.0; Mean 0.013790697905816298

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:y1yN2PD03rWKF+TnkclKcQ==

f6712066 Location:

Summary Statistics: Min. 0.0; Valid 2533.0; Max. 43.0; Mean 2.3778128701145143; StDev 3.8792717413207445;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:uGWcKbKtxPSEh/f8MeiX0w==

f6712066 Location:

Summary Statistics: Valid 2533.0; Min. -65.62598419189453; Max. 36.9554328918457; StDev 5.07887457885506; Mean -0.3221222902526077

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:PUxBzmMXWfiCiKDHR30DjA==

f6712066 Location:

Summary Statistics: Valid 2716.0; Mean 11.614506627393236; Max. 25.0; Min. 1.0; StDev 6.9245709373400475

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:4SyLudTxob7ThIipWQwo8Q==

Label:

Fig1A.grec

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Fig2A.grec

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Fig2B.grec

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SUNV-analysis.do

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SUNV-Appendix.do

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