Replication Data for: “Reevaluating Agricultural Productivity Gaps with Longitudinal Microdata” (doi:10.7910/DVN/BSKDSD)

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Part 1: Document Description
Part 2: Study Description
Part 3: Data Files Description
Part 4: Variable Description
Part 5: Other Study-Related Materials
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Document Description

Citation

Title:

Replication Data for: “Reevaluating Agricultural Productivity Gaps with Longitudinal Microdata”

Identification Number:

doi:10.7910/DVN/BSKDSD

Distributor:

Harvard Dataverse

Date of Distribution:

2020-09-01

Version:

Bibliographic Citation:

Hamory, Joan; Kleemans, Marieke; Li, Nicholas Y.; Miguel, Edward, 2020, "Replication Data for: “Reevaluating Agricultural Productivity Gaps with Longitudinal Microdata”", https://doi.org/10.7910/DVN/BSKDSD, Harvard Dataverse, V1, UNF:6:5LHtmyy/+MsM0HXeWd8LAA== [fileUNF]

Study Description

Citation

Title:

Replication Data for: “Reevaluating Agricultural Productivity Gaps with Longitudinal Microdata”

Identification Number:

doi:10.7910/DVN/BSKDSD

Authoring Entity:

Hamory, Joan (University of Oklahoma)

Kleemans, Marieke (University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign)

Li, Nicholas Y. (Consumer Financial Protection Bureau)

Miguel, Edward (University of California, Berkeley)

Distributor:

Harvard Dataverse

Access Authority:

Kleemans, Marieke

Depositor:

Kleemans, Marieke

Date of Deposit:

2020-08-31

Holdings Information:

https://doi.org/10.7910/DVN/BSKDSD

Study Scope

Keywords:

Social Sciences

Abstract:

Recent research has pointed to large gaps in labor productivity between the agricultural and non-agricultural sectors in low-income countries, as well as between workers in rural and urban areas. Most estimates are based on national accounts or repeated cross-sections of micro-survey data, and as a result typically struggle to account for individual selection between sectors. This paper uses long-run individual-level panel data from two low-income countries (Indonesia and Kenya) to explore these gaps. Accounting for individual fixed effects leads to much smaller estimated productivity gains from moving into the non-agricultural sector (or urban areas), reducing estimated gaps by roughly 67 to 92%. Furthermore, gaps do not emerge up to five years after a move between sectors. We evaluate whether these findings imply a re-assessment of the conventional wisdom regarding sectoral gaps, discuss how to reconcile them with existing cross-sectional estimates, and consider implications for the desirability of sectoral reallocation of labor.

Methodology and Processing

Sources Statement

Data Access

Notes:

Other Study Description Materials

Related Publications

Citation

Title:

Joan Hamory, Marieke Kleemans, Nicholas Y. Li and Edward Miguel, “Reevaluating Agricultural Productivity Gaps with Longitudinal Microdata,” Journal of the European Economic Association

Bibliographic Citation:

Joan Hamory, Marieke Kleemans, Nicholas Y. Li and Edward Miguel, “Reevaluating Agricultural Productivity Gaps with Longitudinal Microdata,” Journal of the European Economic Association

File Description--f4054219

File: IFLS.tab

Number of cases: 581841
No. of variables per record: 48
Type of File: text/tab-separated-values

Notes:

UNF:6:FYhk9DC8HbPOu0q9GO5+Ug==

File Description--f4054212

File: Table3_IFLS.tab

Number of cases: 31537
No. of variables per record: 9
Type of File: text/tab-separated-values

Notes:

UNF:6:cKtNrGaBZns8goR77t07kQ==

Variable Description

List of Variables:

pidlink - IFLS individual identification number
year - Year
wave - Survey wave
age - Age
female - Female
urban - Urban
urban_birth - Born in an urban area
migr - Not living at birth location
hhsize - Number of household members
educyr - Years of education
educlv - Highest education level
ravens - Normalized score on cognitive Ravens tests
ravens_mean - Normalized score on cognitive Ravens tests (mean across waves)
inc - Income
inc_h - Income per hour
forinc - Formal (wage) income
forinc_h - Formal (wage) income per hour
inforinc - Informal (self-employment) income
inforinc_h - Informal (self-employment) income per hour
forinc1 - Wage income from main job
inforinc1 - Self-employment income from main job
forinc2 - Wage income from side job
inforinc2 - Self-employment income from side job
empl - Employed
forempl - Employed in the formal (wage) sector
inforempl - Employed in the informal (self-employment) sector
forinc1_h - Formal (wage) income per hour from main job
inforinc1_h - Informal (self-employment) income per hour from main job
forinc2_h - Formal (wage) income per hour from side job
inforinc2_h - Informal (self-employment) income per hour from side job
hour - Weekly hours worked
forhour - Weekly hours worked in formal sector
inforhour - Weekly hours worked in informal sector
hour1 - Weekly hours worked in main job
hour2 - Weekly hours worked in side job
sect1 - 1 digit industry code main job
sect2 - 1 digit industry code side job
cons_tot - Value of monthly consumption (puchased and home production)
cons_food - Value of monthly food consumption (puchased and home production)
cons_nfood - Value of monthly non-food consumption (puchased and home production)
jakarta - Jakarta (population 10 million)
surabaya - Surabaya (population 2.8 million)
bandung - Bandung (population 2.6 million)
medan - Medan (population 2.5 million)
bekasi - Bekasi (population 2.5 million)
fath_pidlink - Unique ID for the individual's father
moth_pidlink - Unique ID for the individual's mother
care_pidlink - Unique ID for the individual's caretaker
pidlink - IFLS individual identification number
ravens_norm - Raven's Z-score
educpri - Primary Ed.
educsec - Secondary Ed.
educcol - College
female - Female
always_rural - Always Rural
migrRU_ever - Rural-to-Urban Migrants
nonag_ever - Ever Non-ag

Variables

IFLS individual identification number

f4054219 Location:

Summary Statistics: Max. 3.21300003E8; Min. 1060001.0; Mean 1.6653351651007038E8; Valid 581841.0; StDev 9.406432910848008E7

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:rg4g/bEQJYE/aBu8aIrE3Q==

Year

f4054219 Location:

Summary Statistics: Min. 1988.0; StDev 7.345405516702183; Mean 2003.1782995698138; Valid 581841.0; Max. 2015.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:dfrNdJ/ANd37GwBdVNvKTA==

Survey wave

f4054219 Location:

Summary Statistics: Mean 3.240624247773392; Max. 5.0; StDev 1.334122200318309; Min. 1.0; Valid 124630.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:hIB5k3jJ1uLAFKJytJ0EsA==

Age

f4054219 Location:

Summary Statistics: Max. 103.0; Mean 35.56903002710047; StDev 14.799094880790506; Min. 12.0; Valid 581841.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:Bbwpa7aCdkjwZbTSFBe06w==

Female

f4054219 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency	Text
1.	Female	279354
0.	Male	302406

Summary Statistics: Min. 0.0; Valid 581760.0; Mean 0.48018770627062846; Max. 1.0; StDev 0.4996077482123298

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:Jh7bzFLu6WF9g4mM64mMKg==

Urban

f4054219 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency	Text
0.	Rural	274256
1.	Urban	251616

Summary Statistics: Valid 525872.0; Max. 1.0; Mean 0.47847384914980623; StDev 0.49953688487655995; Min. 0.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:P/1PDSKGSUpWxj8lhrX/EQ==

Born in an urban area

f4054219 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency	Text
0.	Rural	412095
1.	Urban	162835

Summary Statistics: StDev 0.4505655250723317; Min. 0.0; Valid 574930.0; Max. 1.0; Mean 0.28322578400832593;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:F4u5bvxaRANQQ54km70ZzA==

Not living at birth location

f4054219 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency	Text
0.	Non-migrant	368599
1.	Migrant	187597

Summary Statistics: Min. 0.0; StDev 0.47278375976599163; Max. 1.0; Valid 556196.0; Mean 0.337285776956499

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:GpGUKoYISkN3MVOjW9+hVg==

Number of household members

f4054219 Location:

Summary Statistics: StDev 2.2340559390393726; Max. 26.0; Min. 1.0; Mean 4.72881448816862; Valid 547426.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:LLd6IbJsJAR1Y3FlIwijsA==

Years of education

f4054219 Location:

Summary Statistics: Min. 0.0; Mean 7.72732929611316; Max. 18.0; StDev 4.487243781793266; Valid 581753.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:euuHfbqkQ3taORZobxByHQ==

Highest education level

f4054219 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency
1.	1. Elementary school	189479
3.	3. Senior high	154411
2.	2. Junior high	101870
4.	4. College/University	55027
0.	0. No school	81054

Summary Statistics: Valid 581841.0; StDev 1.2264338295366073; Min. 0.0; Max. 4.0; Mean 1.8502649349220583

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:O/rqyNbRBkrD1KASGbAf+w==

Normalized score on cognitive Ravens tests

f4054219 Location:

Summary Statistics: Valid 41370.0; StDev 0.9952456811088155; Min. -5.221796035766602; Mean 0.010206988696827762; Max. 3.1400866508483887

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:o+yDlceab7OtAu0/lFxXnQ==

Normalized score on cognitive Ravens tests (mean across waves)

f4054219 Location:

Summary Statistics: Valid 441118.0; Mean -0.023074724248341148; Min. -4.188124179840088; StDev 0.9366862533055451; Max. 3.1400866508483887

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:s1wF2wiMkxqBZiAhpuf/Og==

Income

f4054219 Location:

Summary Statistics: Valid 317514.0; Max. 2.0075016977473587E10; StDev 1.0714321996439587E8; Mean 9537694.36514827; Min. 58.5

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:NUb71zRfhtSFBLMKC+Tmmg==

Income per hour

f4054219 Location:

Summary Statistics: Mean 11835.835533377507; StDev 567705.0717483336; Max. 2.3885348300191173E8; Min. 0.019067796610169493; Valid 314799.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:xG7cae+1pXIb3yel7wj7UQ==

Formal (wage) income

f4054219 Location:

Summary Statistics: Max. 6.449044370531313E9; StDev 5.498253805813582E7; Min. 1219.7904318327353; Valid 173023.0; Mean 8394851.250707144

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:Lg6hqqPWC+IhwRGc01DUAA==

Formal (wage) income per hour

f4054219 Location:

Summary Statistics: Max. 1.5439493008195942E7; StDev 129025.52689748422; Min. 2.242748747031237; Valid 171124.0; Mean 7982.146389583391

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:Ury9vsrUM2MtUUEOAM9ybw==

Informal (self-employment) income

f4054219 Location:

Summary Statistics: Valid 173445.0; Max. 2.0060093697192783E10; Min. 58.5; StDev 1.3448421641106787E8; Mean 9457034.025099825

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:6yOZebSe0jrU8H8Efp+jRA==

Informal (self-employment) income per hour

f4054219 Location:

Summary Statistics: Valid 171643.0; StDev 803710.7786188745; Max. 2.3885348300191173E8; Mean 19750.50955216012; Min. 0.019067796610169493

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:krGW2dWyd2f9KvrtIrSHZw==

Wage income from main job

f4054219 Location:

Summary Statistics: Valid 156572.0; Mean 8693769.502111338; StDev 5.3997545826393664E7; Min. 1996.5394048137796; Max. 4.299362913687542E9

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:YEvvydyMo8shJBuMQKTl5w==

Self-employment income from main job

f4054219 Location:

Summary Statistics: Mean 8894851.342172228; Max. 1.6024998959252901E10; StDev 1.0797950865678398E8; Min. 9.0; Valid 150105.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:dMjsggKJcFFyNFEFSzP2aw==

Wage income from side job

f4054219 Location:

Summary Statistics: Min. 1219.7904318327353; StDev 3.382472994988016E7; Max. 3.582802428072952E9; Valid 19963.0; Mean 3474318.251014384;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:OaSF0rND+x3lTFTgG+T7Pw==

Self-employment income from side job

f4054219 Location:

Summary Statistics: Mean 7246495.986471656; Max. 2.0060093697192783E10; Valid 40079.0; Min. 3639.3633217009256; StDev 1.8548988336317775E8

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:PUC7vBnfP33ojKY/ArIrZw==

Employed

f4054219 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency	Text
1.	Employed	450363
0.	Not employed	131114

Summary Statistics: Max. 1.0; Min. 0.0; StDev 0.4179012955468094; Valid 581477.0; Mean 0.774515587030953

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:d/se1L1kaa3Ds3p5ieWGmw==

Employed in the formal (wage) sector

f4054219 Location:

Summary Statistics: Mean 0.35325725087170645; StDev 0.4779822464879263; Max. 1.0; Min. 0.0; Valid 494113.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:VAPFbAJlarhQOJHs0mjD3Q==

Employed in the informal (self-employment) sector

f4054219 Location:

Summary Statistics: StDev 0.49989310225311995; Valid 494113.0; Max. 1.0; Min. 0.0; Mean 0.48963698587165;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:RJMS+i1Q4IDJYMU6NvqSkg==

Formal (wage) income per hour from main job

f4054219 Location:

Summary Statistics: Valid 158576.0; Mean 7679.0557953361495; StDev 130070.27715008908; Min. 2.242748747031237; Max. 1.5439493008195942E7

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:JiXHq5erCOfMsnFwPOvtUQ==

Informal (self-employment) income per hour from main job

f4054219 Location:

Summary Statistics: Max. 2.3885348300191173E8; Min. 0.004945054945054945; Valid 152995.0; StDev 813417.7530489295; Mean 15980.331833181155

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:tg9ORkJroTAFQRiLXLPyxw==

Formal (wage) income per hour from side job

f4054219 Location:

Summary Statistics: Mean 16170.696209267617; Valid 19790.0; StDev 177219.33165121492; Max. 8957005.736507913; Min. 4.06596805440766

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:9UQWopPE+YBFysc4U3QYjw==

Informal (self-employment) income per hour from side job

f4054219 Location:

Summary Statistics: Max. 3.940731244423762E7; StDev 686730.5514721042; Valid 39765.0; Mean 46550.89476757604; Min. 7.123878858259135

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:G/CtKP+GR0LpK7lz0daPRQ==

Weekly hours worked

f4054219 Location:

Summary Statistics: Max. 98.0; Mean 36.60918056014946; Min. 0.0; Valid 369777.0; StDev 21.917468466564745

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:2KvHXToH9w0eIw5nKz5NVA==

Weekly hours worked in formal sector

f4054219 Location:

Summary Statistics: StDev 19.6271989812343; Min. 0.0; Mean 35.389706005417715; Valid 168650.0; Max. 98.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:8y+tYRvBcs6qdyZP9+kZHw==

Weekly hours worked in informal sector

f4054219 Location:

Summary Statistics: Valid 169103.0; Mean 35.14163867603951; Min. 0.0; StDev 23.9102581125742; Max. 98.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:B16Lz83jSwyoGO1Bns/MKg==

Weekly hours worked in main job

f4054219 Location:

Summary Statistics: Min. 0.0; Mean 34.96363458130449; Valid 361615.0; StDev 21.010091891095072; Max. 98.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:WcneEQneDUm2MavUSTY6Bg==

Weekly hours worked in side job

f4054219 Location:

Summary Statistics: Min. 0.0; Valid 75461.0; Mean 13.603663809909042; StDev 14.22879875094304; Max. 98.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:ixID+Zt+PswwlLgQmISnMw==

1 digit industry code main job

f4054219 Location:

Summary Statistics: Mean 4.3780418756207835; StDev 3.106431718537052; Max. 10.0; Valid 346168.0; Min. 0.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:e7vnhwgku7Lr7O1z7r3KRg==

1 digit industry code side job

f4054219 Location:

Summary Statistics: Max. 10.0; Mean 3.763121708601318; Min. 0.0; StDev 3.2161355676354932; Valid 68360.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:E1BrBQ9G7RD2BIvv4skacA==

Value of monthly consumption (puchased and home production)

f4054219 Location:

Summary Statistics: StDev 1349013.0165801158; Min. 0.0; Valid 124492.0; Mean 1044477.523747854; Max. 5.3263617862665325E7

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:7ebegg3pn0bVvCe2BVn7sA==

Value of monthly food consumption (puchased and home production)

f4054219 Location:

Summary Statistics: Max. 1.8850247564423293E7; Min. 0.0; StDev 456308.8421018049; Mean 517383.7585417928; Valid 124397.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:Ig9Lz0Eai5zxxKYCb/yHMA==

Value of monthly non-food consumption (puchased and home production)

f4054219 Location:

Summary Statistics: Min. 0.0; StDev 1132494.4384094242; Mean 527488.5813955464; Valid 124492.0; Max. 5.066462720252797E7;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:YbWi2SgRV3i7WAuxVSbHiw==

Jakarta (population 10 million)

f4054219 Location:

Summary Statistics: Min. 0.0; Mean 0.07563406497687214; StDev 0.2644119387449218; Max. 1.0; Valid 581841.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:cINgY2GYhU8G3VK3kr5+1g==

Surabaya (population 2.8 million)

f4054219 Location:

Summary Statistics: StDev 0.09392466930980344; Mean 0.008901057161745864; Valid 581841.0; Min. 0.0; Max. 1.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:GwbZ5MZHQC3lZe8AoVrtKA==

Bandung (population 2.6 million)

f4054219 Location:

Summary Statistics: StDev 0.0993004816513967; Mean 0.009959765640488144; Min. 0.0; Valid 581841.0; Max. 1.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:MMhUR9xXj7LjC8MZCF9fTw==

Medan (population 2.5 million)

f4054219 Location:

Summary Statistics: Min. 0.0; StDev 0.10301098410015143; Valid 581841.0; Max. 1.0; Mean 0.01072629807802039

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:XCqBP2pOkt1iraMmzMIULA==

Bekasi (population 2.5 million)

f4054219 Location:

Summary Statistics: Valid 581841.0; Mean 0.0035800158462495585; Min. 0.0; Max. 1.0; StDev 0.05972608696073295;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:lsotY2KXvbsxKYTNzS0JBg==

Unique ID for the individual's father

f4054219 Location:

Summary Statistics: Mean 1.6503598598121244E8; Valid 195448.0; Max. 3.21300001E8; StDev 9.44544397333269E7; Min. 1060001.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:Alc4oY2HaG46ZeRJrWqB7g==

Unique ID for the individual's mother

f4054219 Location:

Summary Statistics: Valid 235971.0; Min. 1060002.0; StDev 9.427714680091396E7; Max. 3.21300002E8; Mean 1.6488313370569238E8;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:8xdWKvO/wdIeoEpuMTrFJQ==

Unique ID for the individual's caretaker

f4054219 Location:

Summary Statistics: Min. 1060002.0; Mean 1.6408791259532705E8; Max. 3.21300002E8; Valid 124030.0; StDev 9.600024028706098E7;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:RJkBqmRkKTVquBZ0agqFzA==

IFLS individual identification number

f4054212 Location:

Summary Statistics: Valid 31537.0; Max. 3.21300002E8; Min. 1060001.0; Mean 1.645017706194966E8; StDev 9.356919914837581E7

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:lIKbU1eJLBrkoxMewZ7xTw==

Raven's Z-score

f4054212 Location:

Summary Statistics: Min. -3.8263089656829834; StDev 0.9228747560550765; Max. 3.1400866508483887; Valid 23214.0; Mean 2.5118133750159195E-4;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:yDIx3rkSr06rgfRZSpScVA==

Primary Ed.

f4054212 Location:

Summary Statistics: StDev 0.3302155993300846; Max. 1.0; Mean 0.8754478866093572; Valid 31537.0; Min. 0.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:G73M8wT+zKD8zc8+BE9aFQ==

Secondary Ed.

f4054212 Location:

Summary Statistics: Max. 1.0; Min. 0.0; Valid 31537.0; StDev 0.48926245469365326; Mean 0.39689888067984214

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:nFmDqUg7nt2hKPwRB9BwYQ==

College

f4054212 Location:

Summary Statistics: Valid 31537.0; Max. 1.0; Min. 0.0; StDev 0.3117422779223989; Mean 0.10907822557630698;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:gF3wyS7jhMocPOHzyX7WTw==

Female

f4054212 Location:

Summary Statistics: Min. 0.0; StDev 0.49530995855008675; Mean 0.4316200019025252; Max. 1.0; Valid 31537.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:Eba28Kls48JIcV+PyXXLbQ==

Always Rural

f4054212 Location:

Summary Statistics: Valid 31537.0; Min. 0.0; Mean 0.3781906966420422; Max. 1.0; StDev 0.48494324468873057;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:N886SrxJJVZdFf6ZDXc3mA==

Rural-to-Urban Migrants

f4054212 Location:

Summary Statistics: Min. 0.0; Mean 0.31331451945333894; Max. 1.0; Valid 31537.0; StDev 0.46384841669248816;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:nMyRUauJqdvNWCqhmWzPGg==

Ever Non-ag

f4054212 Location:

Summary Statistics: StDev 0.3897797101028149; Min. 0.0; Valid 31537.0; Max. 1.0; Mean 0.8131718299140538;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:eW2l5PHkeeFlRoe+l8bufg==