Persistent Effects of Discrimination and the Role of Social Identity (doi:10.7910/DVN/CKNIRS)

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Part 2: Study Description
Part 3: Data Files Description
Part 4: Variable Description
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Persistent Effects of Discrimination and the Role of Social Identity

doi:10.7910/DVN/CKNIRS

Harvard Dataverse

2007-11-28

2

Hoff, Karla; Pandey, Priyanka, 2007, "Persistent Effects of Discrimination and the Role of Social Identity", https://doi.org/10.7910/DVN/CKNIRS, Harvard Dataverse, V2, UNF:3:NNe7Tn/a+/s2rMqo8Bjwrg== [fileUNF]

Persistent Effects of Discrimination and the Role of Social Identity

doi:10.7910/DVN/CKNIRS

Hoff, Karla (The World Bank)

Pandey, Priyanka (The World Bank)

Karla Hoff

Priyanka Pandey

Harvard Dataverse

Jameel Poverty Action Lab

Hoff, Karla

2006

https://doi.org/10.7910/DVN/CKNIRS

Social Sciences, social identity, discrimination, stereotype threat, caste, India

The MacArthur Network on Inequality, JPAL

We experimentally investigated the effect on behavior of publicly revealing individuals_ membership in a traditionally discriminated against group. In village India, 168 low-caste and 168 high-caste junior high school boys solved mazes under piece rate incentives. In mixed-caste groups, the high-caste subjects solved 7 percent more mazes than the low caste among subjects whose caste was not publicly revealed, and 38 percent more mazes than the low caste among subjects whose caste was publicly revealed. The caste gap reflected a decline in the number of mazes that low-caste subjects solved. Whereas the persistence of group inequality after the end of discrimination is evidence commonly used to suggest racial/ethnic/gender/caste inferiority, the experiment pinpoints the effect that social identity can have in shaping individuals_ response to opportunity and thereby making the effects of discrimination of well-identified groups persistent.

2000-

2003-2005

India

villages in Hardoi District, Uttar Pradesh

village

individuals

Males in the 6th and 7th grades (usually 11-12 years old) in public or private junior high schools in villages within a 20 km. radius of Hardoi. Half of subjects are low caste (Chamar), half are high caste (primarily Thakur)

experimental data

Subject: STANDARD DEPOSIT TERMS 1.0 Type: DATAPASS:TERMS:STANDARD:1.0 Notes: This study was deposited under the of the Data-PASS standard deposit terms. A copy of the usage agreement is included in the file section of this study.;

cross-section

Priyanka Pandey

For each subject, we have data collected at one point in time. The experimental treatments were conducted over 3 times periods: 2003-01, 2003-03, 2005-03

We conducted the treatments in January and March 2003 and in March 2005. In January 2003, on days that schools were open, we went to public schools near the site of the experiment and chose high- and low-caste children randomly for each day after pooling the enrollment data for all nearby public schools. On days that schools were closed, we visited homes in nearby villages each evening to ask parents_ permission to pick up their children the next day to drive them to the junior high school that served as the site of the experiment. We told the parents that participants would be paid for showing up and would receive additional rewards depending on performance. We stated that our purpose was to study children in India. In only a few instances, parents refused to let their children participate, and the reason was that their neighbor was angry that we had not paid him money for driving his child to the junior high school instead of letting us transport the child.

Structured

Each experimental session lasted approximately one hour. The post-play interview lasted about 10 minutes. The post play interview included a one-page literacy and numeracy test.

For 100 percent of the subject we have data on our dependent variable: the number of mazes solved in Round 1 and Round 2.

Because we conducted the treatments in three time periods, we replicated treatments across periods. In all periods we replicated condition A, and in two periods we replicated condition C. We used the Mann-Whitney U-test to compare distributions under condition A in January and March 2003 (Round 1, p=.19; Round 2, p = .63), and in January 2005 and all of 2003 (Round 1, p=.35; Round 2, p=.68); and finally to compare the distributions under condition C in January 2003 and March 2003 (Round 1, p = .26; Round 2, p=.41). Since we found no significant differences across time, we report the pooled results. Using the same method, we also found no significant experimenter bias.

<a href="http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0">CC0 1.0</a>

• Number of cases: 336

• No. of variables per record: 26

• Type of File: text/tab-separated-values

UNF:3:NNe7Tn/a+/s2rMqo8Bjwrg==

Data file

• year - year of experiment
• month - month of experiment
• day - experiment day
• studentid - student identification #
• groupna - group number
• treatment - treatment type
• caste - player caste
• round1 - total score in round1
• round2 - total score in round2
• class - class in which studying
• seenmaze - Have you seen a maze before
• knowkids - How many kids do you know in this group
• read - Do you read newspaper/magazine?
• schtype - what kind of school do you attend?
• math1 - answer to mathematics question# 1
• math2 - answer to mathematics question# 2
• math3 - answer to mathematics question# 3
• math4 - answer to mathematics question# 4
• hindi1 - answer to hindi question# 1
• hindi2 - answer to hindi question# 2
• hindi3 - answer to hindi question# 3
• mothedu - mother's education
• fathedu - father's education
• mothocc - mother's occupation
• fathocc - father's occupation
• land - land holding (acres)

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ConsequencesSocialIdentity.pdf

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Related publication

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mazedata1.dta

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Data file, Stata format

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PersistentEffects.pdf

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Original article for this study

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variable_definition Hoff Social.pdf

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Variable information

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