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Part 1: Document Description
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Citation |
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Title: |
Replication Data for: Measuring Electoral Democracy with Observables |
Identification Number: |
doi:10.7910/DVN/CWVQTZ |
Distributor: |
Harvard Dataverse |
Date of Distribution: |
2025-02-28 |
Version: |
1 |
Bibliographic Citation: |
Weitzel, Daniel; John Gerring; Daniel Pemstein; Svend-Erik Skaaning, 2025, "Replication Data for: Measuring Electoral Democracy with Observables", https://doi.org/10.7910/DVN/CWVQTZ, Harvard Dataverse, V1, UNF:6:0tN0xUsTYDAocJ7Z1kcEEA== [fileUNF] |
Citation |
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Title: |
Replication Data for: Measuring Electoral Democracy with Observables |
Identification Number: |
doi:10.7910/DVN/CWVQTZ |
Authoring Entity: |
Weitzel, Daniel (Colorado State University) |
John Gerring (University of Texas at Austin) |
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Daniel Pemstein (North Dakota State University) |
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Svend-Erik Skaaning (Aarhus University) |
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Producer: |
Daniel Weitzel |
John Gerring |
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Daniel Pemstein |
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Svend-Erik Skaaning |
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Distributor: |
Harvard Dataverse |
Access Authority: |
Daniel Weitzel |
Depositor: |
Weitzel, Daniel |
Date of Deposit: |
2024-01-08 |
Holdings Information: |
https://doi.org/10.7910/DVN/CWVQTZ |
Study Scope |
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Keywords: |
Social Sciences, democracy, democratization, backsliding |
Abstract: |
Most crossnational indices of democracy rely centrally on coder judgments, which are susceptible to personal bias and error, and also require expensive and time-consuming coding by experts. The few measures based exclusively on observable indicators are either dichotomous or rely on a few rather crude proxies. This project lays out an approach to measurement based on observables that aims to preserve the nuanced quality of subjectively coded democracy indices. First, we gather data for a wide range of observable indicators, X´, that capture different aspects of the democratic process. Next, we use supervised random forest machine learning to predict Z using factual indicators, X´, creating an observable-to-subjective score mapping (OSM). The mapping that provides the best cross-validated fit to the outcome serves as an alternate index, Z´, for that conceptualization of democracy. Information loss from Z to Z´ is minimal for indices centered on an electoral conception of democracy and this loss may be advantageous for some purposes. It is free of idiosyncratic coder errors arising from misinformation, slack, or biases for or against a regime. It is also less susceptible to systematic bias that may arise from coders’ inferences about a country’s regime status, e.g., from the ideology of the current ruler. The data collection procedure and mode of analysis is fully transparent and replicable, and the procedure is cheap to produce, easy to update, and offers coverage for all polities with sovereign or semisovereign status, surpassing the sample of any existing index. We show that this expansive coverage makes a big difference to our understanding of some causal questions. |
Notes: |
This dataset underwent an independent verification process, complying with the AJPS Verification Policy updated June 2023, which replicated the tables and figures in the primary article. For the supplementary materials, verification was performed solely for the successful execution of the code. The verification process was carried out by the Cornell Center for Social Sciences at Cornell University. <br></br> The associated article has been awarded the Open Materials Badge. Learn more about the Open Practice Badges from the <a href="https://www.cos.io/">Center for Open Science</a>. <br></br> <img src="https://socialsciences.cornell.edu/sites/default/files/2024-04/materials_large_color.png" alt="Open Materials Badge " width="60" height="60"> <br></br> Open Materials Badge |
Methodology and Processing |
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Sources Statement |
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Data Sources: |
Bolt, Jutta, and Jan Luiten Van Zanden. "Maddison‐style estimates of the evolution of the world economy: A new 2023 update." Journal of Economic Surveys (2020). <br></br> Coppedge, Michael, John Gerring, Carl Henrik Knutsen, Staffan I. Lindberg, Jan Teorell, David Altman, Fabio Angiolillo, Michael Bernhard, Cecilia Borella, Agnes Cornell, M. Steven Fish, Linnea Fox, Lisa Gastaldi, Haakon Gjerløw, Adam Glynn, Ana Good God, Sandra Grahn, Allen Hicken, Katrin Kinzelbach, Kyle L. Marquardt, Kelly McMann, Valeriya Mechkova, Anja Neundorf, Pamela Paxton, Daniel Pemstein, Oskar Rydén, Johannes von Römer, Brigitte Seim, Rachel Sigman, Svend-Erik Skaaning, Jeffrey Staton, Aksel Sundström, Eitan Tzelgov, Luca Uberti, Yi-ting Wang, Tore Wig, and Daniel Ziblatt. 2024. "V-Dem Codebook v14" Varieties of Democracy (V-Dem) Project. <br></br> Gerring, John, Brendan Apfeld, Tore Wig, and Andreas Forø Tollefsen. The Deep Roots of Modern Democracy: Geography and the Diffusion of Political Institutions. Cambridge University Press, 2022. <br></br> Gründler and Krieger (2016). Democracy and growth: Evidence from a Machine Learning indicator. European Journal of Political Economy, 45(1), 85-107. <br></br> Gründler and Krieger (2019). Should we care (more) about data aggregation? Evidence from Democracy Indices. CESifo Working Paper 7480. <br></br> Herre, Bastian. 2023. Identifying Ideologues: A Global Dataset on Political Leaders, 1945- 2020. British Journal of Political Science 53(2): 740-748. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0007123422000217 <br></br> Porta, Rafael La, Florencio Lopez-de-Silanes, Andrei Shleifer, and Robert W. Vishny. "Law and finance." Journal of political economy 106, no. 6 (1998): 1113-1155. <br></br> Skaaning, Svend-Erik, John Gerring, and Henrikas Bartusevičius. "A lexical index of electoral democracy." Comparative Political Studies 48.12 (2015): 1491-1525. <br></br> Teorell, Jan, Aksel Sundström, Sören Holmberg, Bo Rothstein, Natalia Alvarado Pachon, Cem Mert Dalli, Rafael Lopez Valverde & Paula Nilsson. 2024. The Quality of Government Standard Dataset, version Jan24. University of Gothenburg: The Quality of Government Institute, https://www.gu.se/en/quality-government doi:10.18157/qogstdjan24 |
Data Access |
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Disclaimer: |
The <i>American Journal of Political Science</i> and the Cornell Center for Social Sciences are not responsible for the accuracy or quality of data uploaded within the <i>AJPS</i> Dataverse, for the use of those data, or for interpretations or conclusions based on their use. |
Other Study Description Materials |
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File Description--f10800173 |
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File: appendix_correlation.tab |
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Notes: |
UNF:6:viCC0SOlQOVtpuTVWo9AHQ== |
File Description--f10800170 |
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File: df_democracy.tab |
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Notes: |
UNF:6:Nl6QPhkg0vIDrpPTdJVWWg== |
File Description--f10800171 |
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File: df_tables_1.tab |
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Notes: |
UNF:6:hIMqLZzULX4SlI0cRL2vfw== |
File Description--f10800174 |
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File: df_tables_2.tab |
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Notes: |
UNF:6:kbrgFq0h/fdugGZCcRoUCQ== |
File Description--f10800172 |
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File: ideology.tab |
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Notes: |
UNF:6:RjKJqO0EuP2CAS07UIj8Qw== |
File Description--f10800179 |
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File: appendix_e.tab |
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Notes: |
UNF:6:rjfwB1Bjcz1PczrDovcu8w== |
List of Variables: |
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Variables |
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f10800173 Location: |
Variable Format: character Notes: UNF:6:ICq/MWZucVNuDYZeOZ12BA== |
f10800173 Location: |
Summary Statistics: Valid 27734.0; Mean 107.10730511284193; Max. 373.0; StDev 82.12062742848363; Min. 3.0; Variable Format: numeric Notes: UNF:6:n2p0hCXkxXOFtcXks7OtqQ== |
f10800173 Location: |
Summary Statistics: Valid 27734.0; Min. 1789.0; StDev 64.70657528834566; Mean 1928.984784019614; Max. 2023.0 Variable Format: numeric Notes: UNF:6:wmvMgY8awvpFOmrqCGgk3g== |
f10800173 Location: |
Summary Statistics: Max. 0.922; StDev 0.2619142756697541; Min. 0.006; Mean 0.26133479977439356; Valid 26595.0 Variable Format: numeric Notes: UNF:6:Ez3mJKRvbHZ3tF8KOWsRDQ== |
f10800173 Location: |
Summary Statistics: Valid 8131.0; Mean 3.8777518140449967; Min. 1.0; Max. 7.0; StDev 1.9117197072298013 Variable Format: numeric Notes: UNF:6:FOiJqElfQ+13615AB3Edug== |
f10800173 Location: |
Summary Statistics: StDev 2.204916051439123; Valid 8131.0; Mean 3.93850694871479; Min. 1.0; Max. 7.0; Variable Format: numeric Notes: UNF:6:WjqcUETRc1Py5e+UZoNYwQ== |
f10800173 Location: |
Summary Statistics: Max. 1.0; Valid 17855.0; StDev 0.4700809115968757; Mean 0.3295995519462393; Min. 0.0; Variable Format: numeric Notes: UNF:6:OEHT49Do2vdUeqIj5Lu75w== |
f10800173 Location: |
Summary Statistics: Mean -0.0421625621084463; Max. 2.263; Min. -2.112; Valid 9258.0; StDev 0.9784462382753631 Variable Format: numeric Notes: UNF:6:9RQhRZoiF+dpTR74DCnCoQ== |
f10800173 Location: |
Summary Statistics: StDev 2.2844846524224343; Max. 6.0; Min. 0.0; Mean 2.1397402791811833; Valid 26721.0 Variable Format: numeric Notes: UNF:6:TO+aebIOEQ/AHQeaRGDhJw== |
f10800173 Location: |
Summary Statistics: Min. -88.0; Mean -0.5288528794591214; Valid 17156.0; StDev 7.1185273424898305; Max. 10.0 Variable Format: numeric Notes: UNF:6:be7+oB0InKfLgztp6//Cig== |
f10800173 Location: |
Summary Statistics: Mean 0.4782690423086657; Max. 1.0; Valid 12094.0; Min. 0.0; StDev 0.4092494047595673 Variable Format: numeric Notes: UNF:6:6dDy+enhRL0Mi9D+MTTycQ== |
f10800173 Location: |
Summary Statistics: Max. 0.9081586377961296; Valid 3308.0; StDev 0.16980574627585718; Min. 0.03910269730591348; Mean 0.1348610763000438 Variable Format: numeric Notes: UNF:6:pBox6700s+5hK3thrunmug== |
f10800173 Location: |
Summary Statistics: Min. 0.03917673650596823; Valid 852.0; Max. 0.9086229234933854; Mean 0.14405047499240856; StDev 0.16815022840306013; Variable Format: numeric Notes: UNF:6:a2bUHj1vZuf28XxB8YYqsg== |
f10800173 Location: |
Summary Statistics: Max. 0.33141051562769075; StDev 0.050476358244951496; Valid 1092.0; Min. 0.03917673650596823; Mean 0.06880246505305367 Variable Format: numeric Notes: UNF:6:UuXXM2VY7FWbvV7aF+d31A== |
f10800173 Location: |
Summary Statistics: StDev 0.16671989143688254; Valid 1010.0; Mean 0.13895378285402477; Min. 0.03917673650596823; Max. 0.90867292370115 Variable Format: numeric Notes: UNF:6:kKGfbiN30GPtSLTcazKJdQ== |
f10800173 Location: |
Summary Statistics: Valid 5252.0; Mean 0.12261685775552404; Min. 0.03910269730591348; Max. 0.9086229234933854; StDev 0.15505516790011678 Variable Format: numeric Notes: UNF:6:bi/CVC7N24x7GCrmN8RcjA== |
f10800173 Location: |
Summary Statistics: Max. 0.90867292370115; Min. 0.03910269730591348; Mean 0.12525184567463726; StDev 0.15709634743145154; Valid 6262.0 Variable Format: numeric Notes: UNF:6:6ETW2p0X8bYQj9OlJEsuVQ== |
f10800173 Location: |
Variable Format: character Notes: UNF:6:o2tV3CBuxqEsB4j3NuV7sg== |
f10800173 Location: |
Variable Format: character Notes: UNF:6:38pMoLNisiluewYjtxl/hw== |
f10800173 Location: |
Summary Statistics: Mean -0.012248125755743668; Valid 3308.0; StDev 0.03193801080426834; Min. -0.1565; Max. 0.2064; Variable Format: numeric Notes: UNF:6:Z+LWqAMOPXK1tfB4wFv6Ug== |
f10800173 Location: |
Summary Statistics: Min. 0.0; Mean 0.02636118500604595; Max. 0.2064; StDev 0.02179395038551626; Valid 3308.0; Variable Format: numeric Notes: UNF:6:sFHTZVTttGAs3RCGMe47+Q== |
f10800173 Location: |
Summary Statistics: Valid 852.0; Max. 0.3743; StDev 0.040752344915683573; Min. -0.173; Mean -0.012322535211267607 Variable Format: numeric Notes: UNF:6:EedfuWinOrTcfYNqgrUTpg== |
f10800173 Location: |
Summary Statistics: Valid 852.0; StDev 0.029991342896340645; Max. 0.3743; Min. 2.0E-4; Mean 0.03020305164319249; Variable Format: numeric Notes: UNF:6:aAPYsIfjF/HHqRlKdEtPhg== |
f10800173 Location: |
Summary Statistics: Min. -0.173; Mean -0.012263365384615393; Max. 0.3743; StDev 0.03392482069543291; Valid 4160.0; Variable Format: numeric Notes: UNF:6:pC7ABVGAu+Nsv9EOpY0q6A== |
f10800173 Location: |
Summary Statistics: Max. 0.3743; StDev 0.02375135932803516; Valid 4160.0; Mean 0.02714802884615386; Min. 0.0; Variable Format: numeric Notes: UNF:6:BoW/7esK7RAQLByD4UugzQ== |
f10800170 Location: |
Variable Format: character Notes: UNF:6:IGlfGFnf9kc656W0nUbBWg== |
f10800170 Location: |
Summary Statistics: Valid 86291.0; Min. 3.0; Mean 281.81694498848435; Max. 593.0; StDev 201.76321759046678 Variable Format: numeric Notes: UNF:6:bxK94iul6FiHUsTJslvcYg== |
f10800170 Location: |
Summary Statistics: Min. 0.0; Max. 1.0; Mean 0.3171702974935561; Valid 17076.0; StDev 0.46538799246436785 Variable Format: numeric Notes: UNF:6:2gyDRNMHr0MlrcOdr3LKBQ== |
f10800170 Location: |
Summary Statistics: Max. 7.0; StDev 1.9088485084676694; Min. 1.0; Mean 3.8845131062428764; Valid 7897.0 Variable Format: numeric Notes: UNF:6:ePzfYxij4h75MmXCBMyLkw== |
f10800170 Location: |
Summary Statistics: Mean 3.9439027478789366; Valid 7897.0; Max. 7.0; StDev 2.2002161206048827; Min. 1.0 Variable Format: numeric Notes: UNF:6:VZYhjI7HWo/yZ6sWYNMDEg== |
f10800170 Location: |
Summary Statistics: Min. -88.0; Max. 10.0; Mean -0.4986258113560958; Valid 17101.0; StDev 7.126629156953274; Variable Format: numeric Notes: UNF:6:3oj0a9qeI7Qx7UW9nXxgmw== |
f10800170 Location: |
Summary Statistics: StDev 0.978446238275361; Min. -2.112; Max. 2.263; Mean -0.04216256210844676; Valid 9258.0; Variable Format: numeric Notes: UNF:6:ScuIPlIw2nI9c1FfNDrucg== |
f10800170 Location: |
Summary Statistics: StDev 0.2835647001980242; Max. 1.0; Valid 24487.0; Mean 0.17167272430269126; Min. 0.0 Variable Format: numeric Notes: UNF:6:TToLqOhzqoJ4rhlsYO3itg== |
f10800170 Location: |
Summary Statistics: Valid 30260.0; Mean 0.4400198281559807; Min. 0.0; Max. 1.0; StDev 0.496397544409598 Variable Format: numeric Notes: UNF:6:CMbSpAMLa61vYT7xEGO5NA== |
f10800170 Location: |
Summary Statistics: Valid 30260.0; Min. 0.0; StDev 0.4879701906209147; Mean 0.3909451421017901; Max. 1.0 Variable Format: numeric Notes: UNF:6:qudv2Lg09y8up+0bGEV8BA== |
f10800170 Location: |
Summary Statistics: Max. 4.58496761322022; Mean 1.3350958561083266; StDev 1.0126828860609174; Valid 23459.0; Min. 0.0 Variable Format: numeric Notes: UNF:6:JhsgM31NeKUhTmqK+L/+7w== |
f10800170 Location: |
Summary Statistics: Min. 0.0; Mean 0.6001652346331886; Valid 30260.0; Max. 2.0; StDev 0.4902094821501859 Variable Format: numeric Notes: UNF:6:V2mM4RkQaJTHep25TwXbEQ== |
f10800170 Location: |
Summary Statistics: Valid 30260.0; Max. 7.0; StDev 2.527446380876499; Min. 0.0; Mean 2.2563119629874517 Variable Format: numeric Notes: UNF:6:3KYWQPDTTUPQNp0bfQUlRA== |
f10800170 Location: |
Summary Statistics: Valid 30260.0; StDev 0.49839610466400747; Max. 1.0; Min. 0.0; Mean 0.4598810310641058; Variable Format: numeric Notes: UNF:6:gLtht71ZY5OMMwKnFL1h2w== |
f10800170 Location: |
Summary Statistics: StDev 0.5003382335295767; Min. 0.0; Mean 0.5006278916060766; Max. 2.0; Valid 30260.0 Variable Format: numeric Notes: UNF:6:T4fV4vAitx5veFadf+HDCA== |
f10800170 Location: |
Summary Statistics: StDev 0.48461623243130925; Min. 0.0; Mean 0.623093277189492; Max. 1.0; Valid 48447.0 Variable Format: numeric Notes: UNF:6:H2NizXD2VumJrEJRX3HJuA== |
f10800170 Location: |
Summary Statistics: StDev 19.825198282778047; Mean 71.99557682769564; Valid 10081.0; Max. 100.0; Min. 10.2 Variable Format: numeric Notes: UNF:6:xsiYJz/gguvC4xqow2itVQ== |
f10800170 Location: |
Summary Statistics: Min. -24.7; StDev 19.73483770680578; Valid 10081.0; Max. 98.8; Mean 18.40312766590616 Variable Format: numeric Notes: UNF:6:KAqM33+Uc/IRJYmFyX5sgQ== |
f10800170 Location: |
Summary Statistics: Max. 1.0; Mean 0.7155044142446246; Valid 10081.0; StDev 0.4511962341066253; Min. 0.0 Variable Format: numeric Notes: UNF:6:bDXbL9KDG2djh3/RXAdX3g== |
f10800170 Location: |
Summary Statistics: Valid 13014.0; Min. 0.0333333333333333; Max. 3.55541666666667; Mean 0.7688173554558646; StDev 0.20514355227757647 Variable Format: numeric Notes: UNF:6:TXI2jRbbN38wQ4LK/UF1aw== |
f10800170 Location: |
Summary Statistics: Min. 0.0; Valid 30260.0; Mean 0.02571050892267017; Max. 1.0; StDev 0.15827288614679488 Variable Format: numeric Notes: UNF:6:RgVjdW0IQYTkZUKz+i0zgg== |
f10800170 Location: |
Summary Statistics: Mean 0.18978849966952915; Valid 30260.0; StDev 0.39214016220963943; Max. 1.0; Min. 0.0 Variable Format: numeric Notes: UNF:6:21xh71evOKzSJo9y0PBK0w== |
f10800170 Location: |
Summary Statistics: Max. 3.33220458030701; Min. 0.0; StDev 0.5853343294395774; Valid 51381.0; Mean 0.21406553819680862; Variable Format: numeric Notes: UNF:6:rdLvHrQVLjFvb66aG/zRPQ== |
f10800170 Location: |
Summary Statistics: Mean 0.14706265468281965; Min. 0.0; Valid 30708.0; StDev 0.35417413116585184; Max. 1.0 Variable Format: numeric Notes: UNF:6:49Hc5Fw3WEWhMaK0PZCeRg== |
f10800170 Location: |
Summary Statistics: Valid 6306.0; Min. 0.0; StDev 44.349224981268364; Mean 27.29019980970468; Max. 351.0; Variable Format: numeric Notes: UNF:6:+zj1f88MMNl+7NsojzimAA== |
f10800170 Location: |
Summary Statistics: Min. 0.0; StDev 42.53558733222738; Max. 100.0; Mean 40.57865081914556; Valid 6226.0 Variable Format: numeric Notes: UNF:6:1I0T6euS0BJ7jn+fJd08Ng== |
f10800170 Location: |
Summary Statistics: Mean 55.277500674763935; Min. 0.0; Max. 100.0; Valid 3705.0; StDev 45.20095642258296; Variable Format: numeric Notes: UNF:6:06+Z3+5uh8A2wTDyMdOUgQ== |
f10800170 Location: |
Summary Statistics: Valid 17786.0; StDev 217.59017114347563; Min. 1.0; Mean 162.46114921848417; Max. 2980.0 Variable Format: numeric Notes: UNF:6:9GSKLJwOU2r4aLJ3G7bt8w== |
f10800170 Location: |
Summary Statistics: Valid 15307.0; StDev 191.16464269034068; Max. 2979.0; Mean 106.14230940092827; Min. 1.0; Variable Format: numeric Notes: UNF:6:oKrZe/6HTLDsNQ9PCvZP2w== |
f10800170 Location: |
Summary Statistics: StDev 24.15813783358844; Mean 58.596612672895944; Max. 100.0; Min. 0.50179211469534; Valid 15233.0; Variable Format: numeric Notes: UNF:6:n/0GFP4b5fYcrRDmYkSeYw== |
f10800170 Location: |
Summary Statistics: Mean 40.133860686583475; Valid 13021.0; Min. 0.0; StDev 47.93399974820051; Max. 324.0; Variable Format: numeric Notes: UNF:6:ZzPlMnpYakhgzQ/1PS6VBg== |
f10800170 Location: |
Summary Statistics: Valid 12930.0; StDev 11.82709593548667; Mean 24.105470874253943; Max. 109.0; Min. 0.0; Variable Format: numeric Notes: UNF:6:dQXKPWKPL2iSJ+Di+btKvg== |
f10800170 Location: |
Summary Statistics: Valid 10271.0; Max. 160.0; StDev 20.791975043655153; Mean 18.74306299289265; Min. 0.0 Variable Format: numeric Notes: UNF:6:wzUYuI5OjWrglXiOMnd5HA== |
f10800170 Location: |
Summary Statistics: Mean 10.474283156793296; StDev 6.6548655169936; Valid 10195.0; Min. 0.0; Max. 60.46 Variable Format: numeric Notes: UNF:6:88/mRtmpDwtJWCFftyYPbA== |
f10800170 Location: |
Summary Statistics: StDev 22.571537360887188; Min. 5.1; Max. 100.0; Valid 11617.0; Mean 50.998197469226156 Variable Format: numeric Notes: UNF:6:iEs4Bs6a2kw4zBOB9Dk7bg== |
f10800170 Location: |
Summary Statistics: Valid 10101.0; StDev 11.609159797309355; Mean 26.786914166914155; Min. 0.3; Max. 54.3; Variable Format: numeric Notes: UNF:6:t9TsfvsKRueDQc1ugInipw== |
f10800170 Location: |
Summary Statistics: StDev 6.428294835546637; Max. 43.9; Min. 0.1; Mean 11.858766345916608; Valid 8106.0 Variable Format: numeric Notes: UNF:6:8NDG3wuR0KY3OVufIAorAg== |
f10800170 Location: |
Summary Statistics: StDev 4.294208251077452; Valid 25148.0; Mean 2.285907428026189; Min. 0.0; Max. 27.0; Variable Format: numeric Notes: UNF:6:NNHFmA4vxpdHKsgW1S5wBw== |
f10800170 Location: |
Summary Statistics: Min. 0.0; Mean 1.1817241927788136; StDev 3.3206181605766085; Valid 25148.0; Max. 26.0; Variable Format: numeric Notes: UNF:6:O0dOHPRebtTD5bkyY7vx3A== |
f10800170 Location: |
Summary Statistics: StDev 20.896317374348655; Mean 68.3982731179373; Min. 21.3; Valid 6283.0; Max. 100.0; Variable Format: numeric Notes: UNF:6:PYdxqqzUTUDS4Gd/SWjG0A== |
f10800170 Location: |
Summary Statistics: Mean 29.421407015481094; Valid 5103.0; StDev 14.266477417714603; Min. 0.0; Max. 60.9; Variable Format: numeric Notes: UNF:6:YhrQhKdV3FcWiFb5EROGjA== |
f10800170 Location: |
Summary Statistics: StDev 0.4512624599329794; Valid 27060.0; Min. 0.0; Max. 1.0; Mean 0.7153362897265327 Variable Format: numeric Notes: UNF:6:sE1Ma2TRqXghSzSUmkf8aA== |
f10800170 Location: |
Summary Statistics: Valid 48455.0; Min. 0.0; Mean 0.43978949540811085; Max. 1.0; StDev 0.4963665780951107; Variable Format: numeric Notes: UNF:6:eYr9uAoXeIQAZl2EKUWCVA== |
f10800170 Location: |
Summary Statistics: Max. 0.926; Mean 0.2642304100451246; Valid 25485.0; Min. 0.006; StDev 0.2630557907437136; Variable Format: numeric Notes: UNF:6:l2EHymMy7aHUPgPIxGIb5g== |
f10800170 Location: |
Summary Statistics: Max. 0.959; Mean 0.2887164214243672; Valid 25485.0; StDev 0.27985173844381994; Min. 0.009; Variable Format: numeric Notes: UNF:6:x1cNNkMid+BeAmp4+bMumA== |
f10800170 Location: |
Summary Statistics: Valid 25485.0; StDev 0.2494689211125753; Mean 0.23922935059839107; Min. 0.003; Max. 0.905 Variable Format: numeric Notes: UNF:6:H4VbyVLsaqOpXlKmbmDfow== |
f10800170 Location: |
Summary Statistics: Min. 0.003; Max. 0.078; Valid 25485.0; Mean 0.025452344516382192; StDev 0.017982474346693998; Variable Format: numeric Notes: UNF:6:qadTxA7U20A9vCGUpwtclw== |
f10800170 Location: |
Summary Statistics: Min. 0.0; Mean 0.49022974435528904; StDev 0.4512664962212729; Valid 26795.0; Max. 1.0; Variable Format: numeric Notes: UNF:6:sm4p8+3J3Lb1ywvIfhk27Q== |
f10800170 Location: |
Summary Statistics: Max. 2021.0; StDev 67.28436173501237; Mean 1905.0810976811022; Min. 1789.0; Valid 86291.0; Variable Format: numeric Notes: UNF:6:k3cYESWyL09ylYN3xx1VZw== |
f10800170 Location: |
Summary Statistics: Mean 14.207600625243748; Valid 30708.0; Max. 232.0; Min. 0.0; StDev 27.86870852831355 Variable Format: numeric Notes: UNF:6:vzp8DiG4T9afK5hkLO90Lg== |
f10800170 Location: |
Summary Statistics: Max. 2.0; Valid 30708.0; Mean 0.02803829620945698; Min. 0.0; StDev 0.16782396089315577 Variable Format: numeric Notes: UNF:6:+ZCQ0BZiPQeWp1Qli/xylQ== |
f10800170 Location: |
Summary Statistics: Min. 0.0; Max. 221.0; Mean 6.782890451999654; Valid 30708.0; StDev 21.21014019085485; Variable Format: numeric Notes: UNF:6:h7Hb3fYzfMFw+j20yLantA== |
f10800171 Location: |
Summary Statistics: Min. 3.0; Max. 908.0; StDev 191.13706120590248; Mean 291.68632864535425; Valid 104313.0 Variable Format: numeric Notes: UNF:6:2iXgF+P1NiQGQW6Ecqc/QQ== |
f10800171 Location: |
Variable Format: character Notes: UNF:6:dfUVxHXXDIOq7abSdTFoHQ== |
f10800171 Location: |
Summary Statistics: StDev 66.38214972096148; Max. 2021.0; Valid 104384.0; Mean 1906.3081315144086; Min. 1789.0; Variable Format: numeric Notes: UNF:6:VmvgV8GNkxRaKn2f8QpquQ== |
f10800171 Location: |
Summary Statistics: Valid 25485.0; Mean 0.26423041004512443; Min. 0.006; Max. 0.926; StDev 0.26305579074371516 Variable Format: numeric Notes: UNF:6:KRr64IKUUMfwpwxJPJUunA== |
f10800171 Location: |
Summary Statistics: Mean 0.009963660141079488; StDev 0.033269611154449714; Valid 25234.0; Max. 0.644; Min. 0.0 Variable Format: numeric Notes: UNF:6:DzTsB54dQXzSKyeM0JENeg== |
f10800171 Location: |
Summary Statistics: Valid 25485.0; Mean 0.025452344516382185; Min. 0.003; Max. 0.078; StDev 0.017982474346694206 Variable Format: numeric Notes: UNF:6:Ddviu9WkAyzVqwUDVaKM3g== |
f10800171 Location: |
Summary Statistics: Valid 61870.0; Mean 17.81649800137993; Max. 100.0; Min. 0.0; StDev 28.607716992065093; Variable Format: numeric Notes: UNF:6:iofygZ5rnBFTClSomuuEmQ== |
f10800171 Location: |
Summary Statistics: Max. 5.0; StDev 1.5091446050496409; Valid 89692.0; Min. 1.0; Mean 3.074900771529612 Variable Format: numeric Notes: UNF:6:sNASGDiaMzN2lkuKVTe1fg== |
f10800171 Location: |
Summary Statistics: Max. 1.0; Mean 0.2568596059113647; StDev 0.4369039935320624; Min. 0.0; Valid 81200.0 Variable Format: numeric Notes: UNF:6:DQTq4bql+yQMzBQio1wjaA== |
f10800171 Location: |
Summary Statistics: StDev 0.48824038302621536; Mean 0.39209471427239695; Valid 10727.0; Min. 0.0; Max. 1.0 Variable Format: numeric Notes: UNF:6:0YVWhRsfyp3IK1hYBIsuLw== |
f10800171 Location: |
Summary Statistics: Max. 1.0; Min. 0.0; StDev 0.43602785172256436; Mean 0.2552919011438794; Valid 81209.0 Variable Format: numeric Notes: UNF:6:mCA4S6Ohxat2WTniDRLo1w== |
f10800171 Location: |
Summary Statistics: Min. 0.0; StDev 17.95485113903416; Mean 25.751721667089694; Max. 72.22222; Valid 82839.0; Variable Format: numeric Notes: UNF:6:4VCxbHOgvHAoHvD1iF6r8w== |
f10800171 Location: |
Summary Statistics: Valid 28404.0; StDev 1.2197877305506246; Mean 8.152471355780202; Max. 14.3127174377441; Min. 4.60656929016113 Variable Format: numeric Notes: UNF:6:EEuJaR7RFYToP+0DKtFCZg== |
f10800171 Location: |
Summary Statistics: Max. 14.1536302566528; Valid 29596.0; Min. -10.4143133163452; Mean 7.517040481500723; StDev 3.014722834454826 Variable Format: numeric Notes: UNF:6:tUnAC4WZLHhEzJCJ7/E1EQ== |
f10800171 Location: |
Summary Statistics: Valid 45327.0; Min. 0.0; Mean 0.5122884814790429; Max. 1.0; StDev 0.3063562347751627 Variable Format: numeric Notes: UNF:6:SdpoBYANNj/S+fE9Kl9kxA== |
f10800171 Location: |
Summary Statistics: StDev 33.417380228243466; Max. 100.0; Mean 18.32268683346865; Min. 0.0; Valid 64041.0 Variable Format: numeric Notes: UNF:6:lNo9VZDwe4UAB575m46TwQ== |
f10800171 Location: |
Summary Statistics: Valid 48447.0; Min. 0.0; Max. 1.0; StDev 0.4846162324313319; Mean 0.6230932771894659; Variable Format: numeric Notes: UNF:6:ujqCr7o+yUDHKIlMJQZSjg== |
f10800171 Location: |
Summary Statistics: Valid 30708.0; Min. 0.0; StDev 21.210140190851426; Max. 221.0; Mean 6.782890451999652 Variable Format: numeric Notes: UNF:6:GvH32gB75KPRr9MxnGjZkg== |
f10800171 Location: |
Summary Statistics: Max. 2.742; StDev 1.4229849357969389; Min. -3.385; Valid 4816.0; Mean 0.016597799003322377 Variable Format: numeric Notes: UNF:6:ykTceKNZJTDjDVm9R/UYgQ== |
f10800171 Location: |
Summary Statistics: Min. 0.0391026973059135; Mean 0.19099815372387077; Valid 43442.0; StDev 0.20340595184249888; Max. 0.919881375346865 Variable Format: numeric Notes: UNF:6:ksDOHNchOxNHdUg4ucl09A== |
f10800171 Location: |
Summary Statistics: Min. 0.0; StDev 0.03318206300416547; Valid 20020.0; Mean 0.029277562437562427; Max. 0.5509 Variable Format: numeric Notes: UNF:6:9Mbhm/nCtimtuzBIac1suA== |
f10800171 Location: |
Summary Statistics: StDev 0.3510085505815253; Max. 1.0; Min. 0.0; Valid 13635.0; Mean 0.477055372203887; Variable Format: numeric Notes: UNF:6:AHdz+N1U+K5KH9h5RAtorg== |
f10800171 Location: |
Summary Statistics: Mean 0.3090641791314105; Min. 0.0147619049730045; Max. 1.0; StDev 0.2643339420208381; Valid 45038.0 Variable Format: numeric Notes: UNF:6:lm5Tf60Xi5CnoOkGdAFFjg== |
f10800171 Location: |
Summary Statistics: Mean 0.4859504568742416; Max. 1.0; Min. 0.0; StDev 0.3362992315997812; Valid 6311.0 Variable Format: numeric Notes: UNF:6:h3L6K1fIrXSP7QQXVqi37g== |
f10800171 Location: |
Summary Statistics: Min. 0.0; Mean 0.6475430406973098; StDev 0.20834957258930806; Max. 0.999246044386001; Valid 46869.0 Variable Format: numeric Notes: UNF:6:9TBsmizZ0hi+h+ao1mHo2A== |
f10800171 Location: |
Summary Statistics: Mean 0.4749478800972185; Max. 1.0; StDev 0.2249416377068077; Min. 0.0; Valid 7406.0 Variable Format: numeric Notes: UNF:6:QmcPlYzQVwaOazRsPvhDRg== |
f10800171 Location: |
Summary Statistics: Min. 0.0534494935135756; Valid 46595.0; Max. 0.988296872803143; StDev 0.17404440813875746; Mean 0.31427170447987907 Variable Format: numeric Notes: UNF:6:zFYvJ33J5cu7U2Nog+EjoA== |
f10800171 Location: |
Summary Statistics: Max. 0.644; StDev 0.03326876560057945; Min. 0.0; Valid 25159.0; Mean 0.009928176795580099 Variable Format: numeric Notes: UNF:6:THk9bLrfpsQMM99vHOLBgA== |
f10800171 Location: |
Summary Statistics: Max. 2.33185958862305; Min. -2.33507537841797; Valid 28139.0; Mean 0.012422977816791822; StDev 0.047519264730850955 Variable Format: numeric Notes: UNF:6:e8aoGD7N2wIigaOrSovlfQ== |
f10800171 Location: |
Summary Statistics: Min. -4.60517018598809; StDev 0.6732441012341199; Mean -3.4805091207695713; Max. -0.578212642467846; Valid 20020.0 Variable Format: numeric Notes: UNF:6:a4a2sVYOkdZri/WlwWsiVw== |
f10800171 Location: |
Summary Statistics: Valid 20020.0; StDev 0.04425288010244787; Min. -0.360441330952304; Max. 0.550861838164074; Mean -1.269020902644504E-4 Variable Format: numeric Notes: UNF:6:Ehp5LzD2WZQ8uslB4cdMvg== |
f10800171 Location: |
Summary Statistics: Max. 0.275481507848416; StDev 0.03423793954665711; Min. -0.245841273580279; Valid 7406.0; Mean 1.4739334298458762E-4 Variable Format: numeric Notes: UNF:6:MyZOmYuvaXJ/6Zm1vrogbg== |
f10800171 Location: |
Summary Statistics: Valid 13635.0; StDev 0.09893084914671577; Mean 0.0010449567847031476; Min. -0.676296412785138; Max. 0.618605528106647 Variable Format: numeric Notes: UNF:6:Muvph7ZjjmnEQhWjkWr0mA== |
f10800171 Location: |
Summary Statistics: Min. -0.450505840210688; Mean -4.993264020620972E-5; StDev 0.05600958830795048; Valid 6311.0; Max. 0.626860669290736 Variable Format: numeric Notes: UNF:6:dr3PcSuLnUeVTPlNsVzs1Q== |
f10800171 Location: |
Summary Statistics: StDev 0.33506618736180954; Valid 4816.0; Max. 1.0; Min. 0.0; Mean 0.5116946623239238 Variable Format: numeric Notes: UNF:6:MI+dMzyHI2IlJagREonpEg== |
f10800171 Location: |
Variable Format: character Notes: UNF:6:AeZapyoPLLBGPHKqis1Qpw== |
f10800171 Location: |
Summary Statistics: Max. 908.0; Min. 3.0; Mean 291.68632864535425; StDev 191.13706120590248; Valid 104313.0; Variable Format: numeric Notes: UNF:6:2iXgF+P1NiQGQW6Ecqc/QQ== |
f10800171 Location: |
Summary Statistics: Min. 1789.0; StDev 66.38214972096148; Max. 2021.0; Mean 1906.3081315144086; Valid 104384.0 Variable Format: numeric Notes: UNF:6:VmvgV8GNkxRaKn2f8QpquQ== |
f10800174 Location: |
Summary Statistics: Valid 32065.0; StDev 0.3659165492749541; Min. 0.0; Max. 1.0; Mean 0.6479806642756963 Variable Format: numeric Notes: UNF:6:/0oGkM/jyw/ir8bY90uyMQ== |
f10800174 Location: |
Summary Statistics: Valid 534760.0; Mean 0.3996241304510048; Max. 1.0; Min. 0.0; StDev 0.4898215322653965 Variable Format: numeric Notes: UNF:6:yhI3abfL2KVAYKJNrsyd6g== |
f10800174 Location: |
Variable Format: character Notes: UNF:6:dvRjkNwrBYUawVSCIO5Pgw== |
f10800174 Location: |
Summary Statistics: Mean 1964.815153498173; Valid 877144.0; Min. 1789.0; StDev 40.34784688008542; Max. 2022.0; Variable Format: numeric Notes: UNF:6:WJLQJh49y07fSZCvcuNxPg== |
f10800174 Location: |
Summary Statistics: Min. 15.0; StDev 2178.206132066599; Valid 877144.0; Mean 3182.747090557984; Max. 8514.0; Variable Format: numeric Notes: UNF:6:KlNJdYwHd1ylDmTKWszGKA== |
f10800172 Location: |
Variable Format: character Notes: UNF:6:e8wRzaweysoq3QAZW08lCQ== |
f10800172 Location: |
Summary Statistics: Valid 4560.0; Mean 1942.7616228070176; Min. 1870.0; Max. 2012.0; StDev 40.811605760214626 Variable Format: numeric Notes: UNF:6:FBViOSTUpC19aXjjfMQoWQ== |
f10800172 Location: |
Variable Format: character Notes: UNF:6:j1LdIM4Bo3UMU2D/grv5gA== |
f10800172 Location: |
Summary Statistics: Max. 189.0; Mean 78.43026315789487; Min. 3.0; Valid 4560.0; StDev 57.47137117614349 Variable Format: numeric Notes: UNF:6:s23vHOWCcGhipQGNfrCy6A== |
f10800179 Location: |
Summary Statistics: Mean 281.81694498848435; StDev 201.76321759046678; Valid 86291.0; Min. 3.0; Max. 593.0 Variable Format: numeric Notes: UNF:6:bxK94iul6FiHUsTJslvcYg== |
f10800179 Location: |
Summary Statistics: Valid 86291.0; StDev 67.28436173501237; Max. 2021.0; Min. 1789.0; Mean 1905.0810976811022; Variable Format: numeric Notes: UNF:6:k3cYESWyL09ylYN3xx1VZw== |
f10800179 Location: |
Summary Statistics: Min. 0.003; Max. 0.078; Mean 0.025452344516382192; StDev 0.017982474346693998; Valid 25485.0 Variable Format: numeric Notes: UNF:6:qadTxA7U20A9vCGUpwtclw== |
f10800179 Location: |
Summary Statistics: StDev 0.24349247913012917; Min. 0.0; Mean 0.41240131238879757; Valid 43244.0; Max. 0.7058823529411765 Variable Format: numeric Notes: UNF:6:gUqeMD0XZwvyTfnShxErKA== |
f10800179 Location: |
Summary Statistics: Min. 0.006; Mean 0.26496627372627357; StDev 0.262701187024886; Max. 0.926; Valid 25025.0; Variable Format: numeric Notes: UNF:6:9lLeXlhm+kvp7qqn2K9/vg== |
f10800179 Location: |
Summary Statistics: Min. 0.03910269730591348; Valid 16016.0; StDev 0.25300960853972126; Mean 0.2638496608086334; Max. 0.919881375346865 Variable Format: numeric Notes: UNF:6:GZsg4dsRplfPD+XIt5rDHg== |
f10800179 Location: |
Summary Statistics: Max. 0.9147255642073496; Min. 0.03917673650596823; StDev 0.2516956546384121; Mean 0.26906054254146405; Valid 4004.0 Variable Format: numeric Notes: UNF:6:Ejih9LX1TOT8oWbzBwzpAQ== |
f10800179 Location: |
Summary Statistics: Mean 0.1282977334122021; StDev 0.11589706102542023; Max. 0.8393286300557; Valid 23736.0; Min. 0.03917673650596823 Variable Format: numeric Notes: UNF:6:lmIU7VDEtValPGqY8OE+yg== |
f10800179 Location: |
Summary Statistics: Max. 0.9153041358504976; Valid 5005.0; Min. 0.03910269730591348; Mean 0.26613126425320294; StDev 0.24999959314225662 Variable Format: numeric Notes: UNF:6:l9vAQBAzqN90TdjnyqGCgQ== |
f10800179 Location: |
Summary Statistics: Max. 0.919881375346865; Min. 0.03910269730591348; Mean 0.19079462428282107; Valid 43756.0; StDev 0.20284237163771335 Variable Format: numeric Notes: UNF:6:L6GJL+eRCr2gwgWmLT3ejA== |
f10800179 Location: |
Summary Statistics: Valid 48761.0; Min. 0.03910269730591348; StDev 0.20942420574197726; Max. 0.919881375346865; Mean 0.19852744114571896; Variable Format: numeric Notes: UNF:6:vVxMkWnhert9y94lf+/Fhw== |
f10800179 Location: |
Variable Format: character Notes: UNF:6:2n7FRnTN1iLnz3iTVRjd/Q== |
f10800179 Location: |
Variable Format: character Notes: UNF:6:AHLXxXJKVWCGFtaQb002aA== |
f10800179 Location: |
Summary Statistics: Mean -1.3750624375624243E-4; Valid 16016.0; Max. 0.4979; Min. -0.2486; StDev 0.04046585089898729; Variable Format: numeric Notes: UNF:6:Qmrt+aGoyI/ay0LKjNbtQw== |
f10800179 Location: |
Summary Statistics: Max. 0.4979; StDev 0.029734593714586484; Valid 16016.0; Min. 0.0; Mean 0.027446509740259747 Variable Format: numeric Notes: UNF:6:gcPRdgj8eJCUKZfr49rIcg== |
f10800179 Location: |
Summary Statistics: Max. 0.5509; Valid 4004.0; Mean -7.195304695305595E-5; Min. -0.3604; StDev 0.0569389791756895 Variable Format: numeric Notes: UNF:6:S9c9DM2iRy6NHMfD8dGsDg== |
f10800179 Location: |
Summary Statistics: StDev 0.04361224659785977; Mean 0.03660177322677323; Min. 0.0; Max. 0.5509; Valid 4004.0 Variable Format: numeric Notes: UNF:6:2odFv7TOZ2vbL92qYgHpag== |
f10800179 Location: |
Summary Statistics: Min. -0.3604; Max. 0.5509; Mean -1.243956043955926E-4; Valid 20020.0; StDev 0.04425214470016468 Variable Format: numeric Notes: UNF:6:5mVlPMweobulsof/Vi4Mgw== |
f10800179 Location: |
Summary Statistics: Max. 0.5509; Valid 20020.0; StDev 0.03318206300416551; Mean 0.029277562437562434; Min. 0.0; Variable Format: numeric Notes: UNF:6:Xwmmr/6MsiAiQuvLRFzZCQ== |
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codebook.pdf |
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application/pdf |
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readme.txt |
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Readme file with session info |
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text/plain |
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00_appendix_prereq.R |
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01_2_rf_h2o_polyarchy_reduced.R |
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b1_serial_omission.R |
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c1_goodness_of_fit.R |
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c1_vip_heatmap.R |
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d1_bag_prep.R |
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d1_imputation_estimation.R |
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d1_knn_prep.R |
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d1_mice_prep.R |
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e1_2_predictive_quality.R |
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f1_other_ml.R |
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g_country_year_all.R |
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i1_bias.R |
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i1_bias_preprocessing.R |
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k1_out_of_sample.R |
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l1_correlations.R |
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l2_polyarchy_mli.R |
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m1_fit.R |
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n1_linear_regression.R |
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o1_test_set.R |
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00_0_prereq.R |
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00_1_preprocessing.R |
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00_2_preprocessing_rescaled.R |
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00_3_preprocessing_bias.R |
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00_4_preprocessing_country.R |
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01_10_rf_h2o_uds_reduced.R |
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01_1_rf_h2o_polyarchy_all.R |
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01_2_rf_h2o_polyarchy_reduced.R |
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01_3_rf_h2o_boix_all.R |
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01_4_rf_h2o_boix_reduced.R |
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01_5_rf_h2o_fh_comined_all.R |
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01_7_rf_h2o_polity_all.R |
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01_9_rf_h2o_uds_all.R |
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02_vip.R |
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03_actual_vs_predicted.R |
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04_country_years_select.R |
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05_model_fit.R |
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06_tables.R |
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