Replication Data for: Measuring Electoral Democracy with Observables (doi:10.7910/DVN/CWVQTZ)

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Part 1: Document Description
Part 2: Study Description
Part 3: Data Files Description
Part 4: Variable Description
Part 5: Other Study-Related Materials
Entire Codebook

Document Description

Citation

Title:

Replication Data for: Measuring Electoral Democracy with Observables

Identification Number:

doi:10.7910/DVN/CWVQTZ

Distributor:

Harvard Dataverse

Date of Distribution:

2025-02-28

Version:

1

Bibliographic Citation:

Weitzel, Daniel; John Gerring; Daniel Pemstein; Svend-Erik Skaaning, 2025, "Replication Data for: Measuring Electoral Democracy with Observables", https://doi.org/10.7910/DVN/CWVQTZ, Harvard Dataverse, V1, UNF:6:0tN0xUsTYDAocJ7Z1kcEEA== [fileUNF]

Study Description

Citation

Title:

Replication Data for: Measuring Electoral Democracy with Observables

Identification Number:

doi:10.7910/DVN/CWVQTZ

Authoring Entity:

Weitzel, Daniel (Colorado State University)

John Gerring (University of Texas at Austin)

Daniel Pemstein (North Dakota State University)

Svend-Erik Skaaning (Aarhus University)

Producer:

Daniel Weitzel

John Gerring

Daniel Pemstein

Svend-Erik Skaaning

Distributor:

Harvard Dataverse

Access Authority:

Daniel Weitzel

Depositor:

Weitzel, Daniel

Date of Deposit:

2024-01-08

Holdings Information:

https://doi.org/10.7910/DVN/CWVQTZ

Study Scope

Keywords:

Social Sciences, democracy, democratization, backsliding

Abstract:

Most crossnational indices of democracy rely centrally on coder judgments, which are susceptible to personal bias and error, and also require expensive and time-consuming coding by experts. The few measures based exclusively on observable indicators are either dichotomous or rely on a few rather crude proxies. This project lays out an approach to measurement based on observables that aims to preserve the nuanced quality of subjectively coded democracy indices. First, we gather data for a wide range of observable indicators, X´, that capture different aspects of the democratic process. Next, we use supervised random forest machine learning to predict Z using factual indicators, X´, creating an observable-to-subjective score mapping (OSM). The mapping that provides the best cross-validated fit to the outcome serves as an alternate index, Z´, for that conceptualization of democracy. Information loss from Z to Z´ is minimal for indices centered on an electoral conception of democracy and this loss may be advantageous for some purposes. It is free of idiosyncratic coder errors arising from misinformation, slack, or biases for or against a regime. It is also less susceptible to systematic bias that may arise from coders’ inferences about a country’s regime status, e.g., from the ideology of the current ruler. The data collection procedure and mode of analysis is fully transparent and replicable, and the procedure is cheap to produce, easy to update, and offers coverage for all polities with sovereign or semisovereign status, surpassing the sample of any existing index. We show that this expansive coverage makes a big difference to our understanding of some causal questions.

Notes:

This dataset underwent an independent verification process, complying with the AJPS Verification Policy updated June 2023, which replicated the tables and figures in the primary article. For the supplementary materials, verification was performed solely for the successful execution of the code. The verification process was carried out by the Cornell Center for Social Sciences at Cornell University. <br></br> The associated article has been awarded the Open Materials Badge. Learn more about the Open Practice Badges from the <a href="https://www.cos.io/">Center for Open Science</a>. <br></br> <img src="https://socialsciences.cornell.edu/sites/default/files/2024-04/materials_large_color.png" alt="Open Materials Badge " width="60" height="60"> <br></br> Open Materials Badge

Methodology and Processing

Sources Statement

Data Sources:

Bolt, Jutta, and Jan Luiten Van Zanden. "Maddison‐style estimates of the evolution of the world economy: A new 2023 update." Journal of Economic Surveys (2020). <br></br> Coppedge, Michael, John Gerring, Carl Henrik Knutsen, Staffan I. Lindberg, Jan Teorell, David Altman, Fabio Angiolillo, Michael Bernhard, Cecilia Borella, Agnes Cornell, M. Steven Fish, Linnea Fox, Lisa Gastaldi, Haakon Gjerløw, Adam Glynn, Ana Good God, Sandra Grahn, Allen Hicken, Katrin Kinzelbach, Kyle L. Marquardt, Kelly McMann, Valeriya Mechkova, Anja Neundorf, Pamela Paxton, Daniel Pemstein, Oskar Rydén, Johannes von Römer, Brigitte Seim, Rachel Sigman, Svend-Erik Skaaning, Jeffrey Staton, Aksel Sundström, Eitan Tzelgov, Luca Uberti, Yi-ting Wang, Tore Wig, and Daniel Ziblatt. 2024. "V-Dem Codebook v14" Varieties of Democracy (V-Dem) Project. <br></br> Gerring, John, Brendan Apfeld, Tore Wig, and Andreas Forø Tollefsen. The Deep Roots of Modern Democracy: Geography and the Diffusion of Political Institutions. Cambridge University Press, 2022. <br></br> Gründler and Krieger (2016). Democracy and growth: Evidence from a Machine Learning indicator. European Journal of Political Economy, 45(1), 85-107. <br></br> Gründler and Krieger (2019). Should we care (more) about data aggregation? Evidence from Democracy Indices. CESifo Working Paper 7480. <br></br> Herre, Bastian. 2023. Identifying Ideologues: A Global Dataset on Political Leaders, 1945- 2020. British Journal of Political Science 53(2): 740-748. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0007123422000217 <br></br> Porta, Rafael La, Florencio Lopez-de-Silanes, Andrei Shleifer, and Robert W. Vishny. "Law and finance." Journal of political economy 106, no. 6 (1998): 1113-1155. <br></br> Skaaning, Svend-Erik, John Gerring, and Henrikas Bartusevičius. "A lexical index of electoral democracy." Comparative Political Studies 48.12 (2015): 1491-1525. <br></br> Teorell, Jan, Aksel Sundström, Sören Holmberg, Bo Rothstein, Natalia Alvarado Pachon, Cem Mert Dalli, Rafael Lopez Valverde & Paula Nilsson. 2024. The Quality of Government Standard Dataset, version Jan24. University of Gothenburg: The Quality of Government Institute, https://www.gu.se/en/quality-government doi:10.18157/qogstdjan24

Data Access

Disclaimer:

The <i>American Journal of Political Science</i> and the Cornell Center for Social Sciences are not responsible for the accuracy or quality of data uploaded within the <i>AJPS</i> Dataverse, for the use of those data, or for interpretations or conclusions based on their use.

Other Study Description Materials

File Description--f10800173

File: appendix_correlation.tab

  • Number of cases: 27734

  • No. of variables per record: 25

  • Type of File: text/tab-separated-values

Notes:

UNF:6:viCC0SOlQOVtpuTVWo9AHQ==

File Description--f10800170

File: df_democracy.tab

  • Number of cases: 86291

  • No. of variables per record: 52

  • Type of File: text/tab-separated-values

Notes:

UNF:6:Nl6QPhkg0vIDrpPTdJVWWg==

File Description--f10800171

File: df_tables_1.tab

  • Number of cases: 104537

  • No. of variables per record: 38

  • Type of File: text/tab-separated-values

Notes:

UNF:6:hIMqLZzULX4SlI0cRL2vfw==

File Description--f10800174

File: df_tables_2.tab

  • Number of cases: 877144

  • No. of variables per record: 5

  • Type of File: text/tab-separated-values

Notes:

UNF:6:kbrgFq0h/fdugGZCcRoUCQ==

File Description--f10800172

File: ideology.tab

  • Number of cases: 4560

  • No. of variables per record: 4

  • Type of File: text/tab-separated-values

Notes:

UNF:6:RjKJqO0EuP2CAS07UIj8Qw==

File Description--f10800179

File: appendix_e.tab

  • Number of cases: 86291

  • No. of variables per record: 19

  • Type of File: text/tab-separated-values

Notes:

UNF:6:rjfwB1Bjcz1PczrDovcu8w==

Variable Description

List of Variables:

Variables

country_name

f10800173 Location:

Variable Format: character

Notes: UNF:6:ICq/MWZucVNuDYZeOZ12BA==

country_id

f10800173 Location:

Summary Statistics: Valid 27734.0; Mean 107.10730511284193; Max. 373.0; StDev 82.12062742848363; Min. 3.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:n2p0hCXkxXOFtcXks7OtqQ==

year

f10800173 Location:

Summary Statistics: Valid 27734.0; Min. 1789.0; StDev 64.70657528834566; Mean 1928.984784019614; Max. 2023.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:wmvMgY8awvpFOmrqCGgk3g==

v2x_polyarchy

f10800173 Location:

Summary Statistics: Max. 0.922; StDev 0.2619142756697541; Min. 0.006; Mean 0.26133479977439356; Valid 26595.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:Ez3mJKRvbHZ3tF8KOWsRDQ==

e_fh_cl

f10800173 Location:

Summary Statistics: Valid 8131.0; Mean 3.8777518140449967; Min. 1.0; Max. 7.0; StDev 1.9117197072298013

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:FOiJqElfQ+13615AB3Edug==

e_fh_pr

f10800173 Location:

Summary Statistics: StDev 2.204916051439123; Valid 8131.0; Mean 3.93850694871479; Min. 1.0; Max. 7.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:WjqcUETRc1Py5e+UZoNYwQ==

e_boix_regime

f10800173 Location:

Summary Statistics: Max. 1.0; Valid 17855.0; StDev 0.4700809115968757; Mean 0.3295995519462393; Min. 0.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:OEHT49Do2vdUeqIj5Lu75w==

e_uds_mean

f10800173 Location:

Summary Statistics: Mean -0.0421625621084463; Max. 2.263; Min. -2.112; Valid 9258.0; StDev 0.9784462382753631

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:9RQhRZoiF+dpTR74DCnCoQ==

e_lexical_index

f10800173 Location:

Summary Statistics: StDev 2.2844846524224343; Max. 6.0; Min. 0.0; Mean 2.1397402791811833; Valid 26721.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:TO+aebIOEQ/AHQeaRGDhJw==

e_polity2

f10800173 Location:

Summary Statistics: Min. -88.0; Mean -0.5288528794591214; Valid 17156.0; StDev 7.1185273424898305; Max. 10.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:be7+oB0InKfLgztp6//Cig==

C_MLDI

f10800173 Location:

Summary Statistics: Mean 0.4782690423086657; Max. 1.0; Valid 12094.0; Min. 0.0; StDev 0.4092494047595673

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:6dDy+enhRL0Mi9D+MTTycQ==

preds_training_polyarchy

f10800173 Location:

Summary Statistics: Max. 0.9081586377961296; Valid 3308.0; StDev 0.16980574627585718; Min. 0.03910269730591348; Mean 0.1348610763000438

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:pBox6700s+5hK3thrunmug==

preds_validation_polyarchy

f10800173 Location:

Summary Statistics: Min. 0.03917673650596823; Valid 852.0; Max. 0.9086229234933854; Mean 0.14405047499240856; StDev 0.16815022840306013;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:a2bUHj1vZuf28XxB8YYqsg==

preds_outofsample_polyarchy

f10800173 Location:

Summary Statistics: Max. 0.33141051562769075; StDev 0.050476358244951496; Valid 1092.0; Min. 0.03917673650596823; Mean 0.06880246505305367

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:UuXXM2VY7FWbvV7aF+d31A==

preds_test_polyarchy

f10800173 Location:

Summary Statistics: StDev 0.16671989143688254; Valid 1010.0; Mean 0.13895378285402477; Min. 0.03917673650596823; Max. 0.90867292370115

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:kKGfbiN30GPtSLTcazKJdQ==

preds_value_polyarchy

f10800173 Location:

Summary Statistics: Valid 5252.0; Mean 0.12261685775552404; Min. 0.03910269730591348; Max. 0.9086229234933854; StDev 0.15505516790011678

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:bi/CVC7N24x7GCrmN8RcjA==

preds_value_polyarchy_withtest

f10800173 Location:

Summary Statistics: Max. 0.90867292370115; Min. 0.03910269730591348; Mean 0.12525184567463726; StDev 0.15709634743145154; Valid 6262.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:6ETW2p0X8bYQj9OlJEsuVQ==

preds_type_polyarchy

f10800173 Location:

Variable Format: character

Notes: UNF:6:o2tV3CBuxqEsB4j3NuV7sg==

preds_type_polyarchy_withtest

f10800173 Location:

Variable Format: character

Notes: UNF:6:38pMoLNisiluewYjtxl/hw==

error_training_polyarchy

f10800173 Location:

Summary Statistics: Mean -0.012248125755743668; Valid 3308.0; StDev 0.03193801080426834; Min. -0.1565; Max. 0.2064;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:Z+LWqAMOPXK1tfB4wFv6Ug==

error_training_abs_polyarchy

f10800173 Location:

Summary Statistics: Min. 0.0; Mean 0.02636118500604595; Max. 0.2064; StDev 0.02179395038551626; Valid 3308.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:sFHTZVTttGAs3RCGMe47+Q==

error_validation_polyarchy

f10800173 Location:

Summary Statistics: Valid 852.0; Max. 0.3743; StDev 0.040752344915683573; Min. -0.173; Mean -0.012322535211267607

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:EedfuWinOrTcfYNqgrUTpg==

error_validation_abs_polyarchy

f10800173 Location:

Summary Statistics: Valid 852.0; StDev 0.029991342896340645; Max. 0.3743; Min. 2.0E-4; Mean 0.03020305164319249;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:aAPYsIfjF/HHqRlKdEtPhg==

error_combined_polyarchy

f10800173 Location:

Summary Statistics: Min. -0.173; Mean -0.012263365384615393; Max. 0.3743; StDev 0.03392482069543291; Valid 4160.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:pC7ABVGAu+Nsv9EOpY0q6A==

error_combined_abs_polyarchy

f10800173 Location:

Summary Statistics: Max. 0.3743; StDev 0.02375135932803516; Valid 4160.0; Mean 0.02714802884615386; Min. 0.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:BoW/7esK7RAQLByD4UugzQ==

country

f10800170 Location:

Variable Format: character

Notes: UNF:6:IGlfGFnf9kc656W0nUbBWg==

country_id

f10800170 Location:

Summary Statistics: Valid 86291.0; Min. 3.0; Mean 281.81694498848435; Max. 593.0; StDev 201.76321759046678

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:bxK94iul6FiHUsTJslvcYg==

e_boix_regime

f10800170 Location:

Summary Statistics: Min. 0.0; Max. 1.0; Mean 0.3171702974935561; Valid 17076.0; StDev 0.46538799246436785

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:2gyDRNMHr0MlrcOdr3LKBQ==

e_fh_cl

f10800170 Location:

Summary Statistics: Max. 7.0; StDev 1.9088485084676694; Min. 1.0; Mean 3.8845131062428764; Valid 7897.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:ePzfYxij4h75MmXCBMyLkw==

e_fh_pr

f10800170 Location:

Summary Statistics: Mean 3.9439027478789366; Valid 7897.0; Max. 7.0; StDev 2.2002161206048827; Min. 1.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:VZYhjI7HWo/yZ6sWYNMDEg==

e_polity2

f10800170 Location:

Summary Statistics: Min. -88.0; Max. 10.0; Mean -0.4986258113560958; Valid 17101.0; StDev 7.126629156953274;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:3oj0a9qeI7Qx7UW9nXxgmw==

e_uds_mean

f10800170 Location:

Summary Statistics: StDev 0.978446238275361; Min. -2.112; Max. 2.263; Mean -0.04216256210844676; Valid 9258.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:ScuIPlIw2nI9c1FfNDrucg==

e_v2x_libdem_5C

f10800170 Location:

Summary Statistics: StDev 0.2835647001980242; Max. 1.0; Valid 24487.0; Mean 0.17167272430269126; Min. 0.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:TToLqOhzqoJ4rhlsYO3itg==

executive_elections

f10800170 Location:

Summary Statistics: Valid 30260.0; Mean 0.4400198281559807; Min. 0.0; Max. 1.0; StDev 0.496397544409598

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:CMbSpAMLa61vYT7xEGO5NA==

female_suffrage

f10800170 Location:

Summary Statistics: Valid 30260.0; Min. 0.0; StDev 0.4879701906209147; Mean 0.3909451421017901; Max. 1.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:qudv2Lg09y8up+0bGEV8BA==

hos_hog_tenure_ln

f10800170 Location:

Summary Statistics: Max. 4.58496761322022; Mean 1.3350958561083266; StDev 1.0126828860609174; Valid 23459.0; Min. 0.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:JhsgM31NeKUhTmqK+L/+7w==

legislative_elections

f10800170 Location:

Summary Statistics: Min. 0.0; Mean 0.6001652346331886; Valid 30260.0; Max. 2.0; StDev 0.4902094821501859

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:V2mM4RkQaJTHep25TwXbEQ==

lexical_index_plus

f10800170 Location:

Summary Statistics: Valid 30260.0; Max. 7.0; StDev 2.527446380876499; Min. 0.0; Mean 2.2563119629874517

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:3KYWQPDTTUPQNp0bfQUlRA==

male_suffrage

f10800170 Location:

Summary Statistics: Valid 30260.0; StDev 0.49839610466400747; Max. 1.0; Min. 0.0; Mean 0.4598810310641058;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:gLtht71ZY5OMMwKnFL1h2w==

multi_party_leg_elec

f10800170 Location:

Summary Statistics: StDev 0.5003382335295767; Min. 0.0; Mean 0.5006278916060766; Max. 2.0; Valid 30260.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:T4fV4vAitx5veFadf+HDCA==

sovereign

f10800170 Location:

Summary Statistics: StDev 0.48461623243130925; Min. 0.0; Mean 0.623093277189492; Max. 1.0; Valid 48447.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:H2NizXD2VumJrEJRX3HJuA==

top2_combined

f10800170 Location:

Summary Statistics: StDev 19.825198282778047; Mean 71.99557682769564; Valid 10081.0; Max. 100.0; Min. 10.2

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:xsiYJz/gguvC4xqow2itVQ==

top2_difference

f10800170 Location:

Summary Statistics: Min. -24.7; StDev 19.73483770680578; Valid 10081.0; Max. 98.8; Mean 18.40312766590616

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:KAqM33+Uc/IRJYmFyX5sgQ==

top2_monopoly

f10800170 Location:

Summary Statistics: Max. 1.0; Mean 0.7155044142446246; Valid 10081.0; StDev 0.4511962341066253; Min. 0.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:bDXbL9KDG2djh3/RXAdX3g==

top2_seat_perc

f10800170 Location:

Summary Statistics: Valid 13014.0; Min. 0.0333333333333333; Max. 3.55541666666667; Mean 0.7688173554558646; StDev 0.20514355227757647

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:TXI2jRbbN38wQ4LK/UF1aw==

turnover_event

f10800170 Location:

Summary Statistics: Min. 0.0; Valid 30260.0; Mean 0.02571050892267017; Max. 1.0; StDev 0.15827288614679488

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:RgVjdW0IQYTkZUKz+i0zgg==

turnover_period

f10800170 Location:

Summary Statistics: Mean 0.18978849966952915; Valid 30260.0; StDev 0.39214016220963943; Max. 1.0; Min. 0.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:21xh71evOKzSJo9y0PBK0w==

turnover_total_ln

f10800170 Location:

Summary Statistics: Max. 3.33220458030701; Min. 0.0; StDev 0.5853343294395774; Valid 51381.0; Mean 0.21406553819680862;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:rdLvHrQVLjFvb66aG/zRPQ==

two_turnover_period

f10800170 Location:

Summary Statistics: Mean 0.14706265468281965; Min. 0.0; Valid 30708.0; StDev 0.35417413116585184; Max. 1.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:49Hc5Fw3WEWhMaK0PZCeRg==

v2elinds

f10800170 Location:

Summary Statistics: Valid 6306.0; Min. 0.0; StDev 44.349224981268364; Mean 27.29019980970468; Max. 351.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:+zj1f88MMNl+7NsojzimAA==

v2elindss

f10800170 Location:

Summary Statistics: Min. 0.0; StDev 42.53558733222738; Max. 100.0; Mean 40.57865081914556; Valid 6226.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:1I0T6euS0BJ7jn+fJd08Ng==

v2elindsv

f10800170 Location:

Summary Statistics: Mean 55.277500674763935; Min. 0.0; Max. 100.0; Valid 3705.0; StDev 45.20095642258296;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:06+Z3+5uh8A2wTDyMdOUgQ==

v2elloseat

f10800170 Location:

Summary Statistics: Valid 17786.0; StDev 217.59017114347563; Min. 1.0; Mean 162.46114921848417; Max. 2980.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:9GSKLJwOU2r4aLJ3G7bt8w==

v2ellostlg

f10800170 Location:

Summary Statistics: Valid 15307.0; StDev 191.16464269034068; Max. 2979.0; Mean 106.14230940092827; Min. 1.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:oKrZe/6HTLDsNQ9PCvZP2w==

v2ellostsl

f10800170 Location:

Summary Statistics: StDev 24.15813783358844; Mean 58.596612672895944; Max. 100.0; Min. 0.50179211469534; Valid 15233.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:n/0GFP4b5fYcrRDmYkSeYw==

v2ellostsm

f10800170 Location:

Summary Statistics: Mean 40.133860686583475; Valid 13021.0; Min. 0.0; StDev 47.93399974820051; Max. 324.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:ZzPlMnpYakhgzQ/1PS6VBg==

v2ellostss

f10800170 Location:

Summary Statistics: Valid 12930.0; StDev 11.82709593548667; Mean 24.105470874253943; Max. 109.0; Min. 0.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:dQXKPWKPL2iSJ+Di+btKvg==

v2ellosttm

f10800170 Location:

Summary Statistics: Valid 10271.0; Max. 160.0; StDev 20.791975043655153; Mean 18.74306299289265; Min. 0.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:wzUYuI5OjWrglXiOMnd5HA==

v2ellostts

f10800170 Location:

Summary Statistics: Mean 10.474283156793296; StDev 6.6548655169936; Valid 10195.0; Min. 0.0; Max. 60.46

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:88/mRtmpDwtJWCFftyYPbA==

v2ellovtlg

f10800170 Location:

Summary Statistics: StDev 22.571537360887188; Min. 5.1; Max. 100.0; Valid 11617.0; Mean 50.998197469226156

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:iEs4Bs6a2kw4zBOB9Dk7bg==

v2ellovtsm

f10800170 Location:

Summary Statistics: Valid 10101.0; StDev 11.609159797309355; Mean 26.786914166914155; Min. 0.3; Max. 54.3;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:t9TsfvsKRueDQc1ugInipw==

v2ellovttm

f10800170 Location:

Summary Statistics: StDev 6.428294835546637; Max. 43.9; Min. 0.1; Mean 11.858766345916608; Valid 8106.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:8NDG3wuR0KY3OVufIAorAg==

v2elturnhog_cum

f10800170 Location:

Summary Statistics: StDev 4.294208251077452; Valid 25148.0; Mean 2.285907428026189; Min. 0.0; Max. 27.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:NNHFmA4vxpdHKsgW1S5wBw==

v2elturnhos_cum

f10800170 Location:

Summary Statistics: Min. 0.0; Mean 1.1817241927788136; StDev 3.3206181605766085; Valid 25148.0; Max. 26.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:O0dOHPRebtTD5bkyY7vx3A==

v2elvotlrg

f10800170 Location:

Summary Statistics: StDev 20.896317374348655; Mean 68.3982731179373; Min. 21.3; Valid 6283.0; Max. 100.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:PYdxqqzUTUDS4Gd/SWjG0A==

v2elvotsml

f10800170 Location:

Summary Statistics: Mean 29.421407015481094; Valid 5103.0; StDev 14.266477417714603; Min. 0.0; Max. 60.9;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:YhrQhKdV3FcWiFb5EROGjA==

v2svindep

f10800170 Location:

Summary Statistics: StDev 0.4512624599329794; Valid 27060.0; Min. 0.0; Max. 1.0; Mean 0.7153362897265327

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:sE1Ma2TRqXghSzSUmkf8aA==

v2x_elecreg

f10800170 Location:

Summary Statistics: Valid 48455.0; Min. 0.0; Mean 0.43978949540811085; Max. 1.0; StDev 0.4963665780951107;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:eYr9uAoXeIQAZl2EKUWCVA==

v2x_polyarchy

f10800170 Location:

Summary Statistics: Max. 0.926; Mean 0.2642304100451246; Valid 25485.0; Min. 0.006; StDev 0.2630557907437136;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:l2EHymMy7aHUPgPIxGIb5g==

v2x_polyarchy_codehigh

f10800170 Location:

Summary Statistics: Max. 0.959; Mean 0.2887164214243672; Valid 25485.0; StDev 0.27985173844381994; Min. 0.009;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:x1cNNkMid+BeAmp4+bMumA==

v2x_polyarchy_codelow

f10800170 Location:

Summary Statistics: Valid 25485.0; StDev 0.2494689211125753; Mean 0.23922935059839107; Min. 0.003; Max. 0.905

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:H4VbyVLsaqOpXlKmbmDfow==

v2x_polyarchy_sd

f10800170 Location:

Summary Statistics: Min. 0.003; Max. 0.078; Valid 25485.0; Mean 0.025452344516382192; StDev 0.017982474346693998;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:qadTxA7U20A9vCGUpwtclw==

v2x_suffr

f10800170 Location:

Summary Statistics: Min. 0.0; Mean 0.49022974435528904; StDev 0.4512664962212729; Valid 26795.0; Max. 1.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:sm4p8+3J3Lb1ywvIfhk27Q==

year

f10800170 Location:

Summary Statistics: Max. 2021.0; StDev 67.28436173501237; Mean 1905.0810976811022; Min. 1789.0; Valid 86291.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:k3cYESWyL09ylYN3xx1VZw==

years_exec_elec_continuous

f10800170 Location:

Summary Statistics: Mean 14.207600625243748; Valid 30708.0; Max. 232.0; Min. 0.0; StDev 27.86870852831355

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:vzp8DiG4T9afK5hkLO90Lg==

years_turnover_event_yes

f10800170 Location:

Summary Statistics: Max. 2.0; Valid 30708.0; Mean 0.02803829620945698; Min. 0.0; StDev 0.16782396089315577

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:+ZCQ0BZiPQeWp1Qli/xylQ==

years_turnover_period_cont

f10800170 Location:

Summary Statistics: Min. 0.0; Max. 221.0; Mean 6.782890451999654; Valid 30708.0; StDev 21.21014019085485;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:h7Hb3fYzfMFw+j20yLantA==

country_id

f10800171 Location:

Summary Statistics: Min. 3.0; Max. 908.0; StDev 191.13706120590248; Mean 291.68632864535425; Valid 104313.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:2iXgF+P1NiQGQW6Ecqc/QQ==

country

f10800171 Location:

Variable Format: character

Notes: UNF:6:dfUVxHXXDIOq7abSdTFoHQ==

year

f10800171 Location:

Summary Statistics: StDev 66.38214972096148; Max. 2021.0; Valid 104384.0; Mean 1906.3081315144086; Min. 1789.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:VmvgV8GNkxRaKn2f8QpquQ==

v2x_polyarchy

f10800171 Location:

Summary Statistics: Valid 25485.0; Mean 0.26423041004512443; Min. 0.006; Max. 0.926; StDev 0.26305579074371516

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:KRr64IKUUMfwpwxJPJUunA==

v2x_polyarchy_d_abs

f10800171 Location:

Summary Statistics: Mean 0.009963660141079488; StDev 0.033269611154449714; Valid 25234.0; Max. 0.644; Min. 0.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:DzTsB54dQXzSKyeM0JENeg==

v2x_polyarchy_sd

f10800171 Location:

Summary Statistics: Valid 25485.0; Mean 0.025452344516382185; Min. 0.003; Max. 0.078; StDev 0.017982474346694206

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:Ddviu9WkAyzVqwUDVaKM3g==

chrstprotpct

f10800171 Location:

Summary Statistics: Valid 61870.0; Mean 17.81649800137993; Max. 100.0; Min. 0.0; StDev 28.607716992065093;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:iofygZ5rnBFTClSomuuEmQ==

e_regionpol4

f10800171 Location:

Summary Statistics: Max. 5.0; StDev 1.5091446050496409; Valid 89692.0; Min. 1.0; Mean 3.074900771529612

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:sNASGDiaMzN2lkuKVTe1fg==

English_legal_origin

f10800171 Location:

Summary Statistics: Max. 1.0; Mean 0.2568596059113647; StDev 0.4369039935320624; Min. 0.0; Valid 81200.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:DQTq4bql+yQMzBQio1wjaA==

hog_right

f10800171 Location:

Summary Statistics: StDev 0.48824038302621536; Mean 0.39209471427239695; Valid 10727.0; Min. 0.0; Max. 1.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:0YVWhRsfyp3IK1hYBIsuLw==

Island

f10800171 Location:

Summary Statistics: Max. 1.0; Min. 0.0; StDev 0.43602785172256436; Mean 0.2552919011438794; Valid 81209.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:mCA4S6Ohxat2WTniDRLo1w==

lp_lat_abst

f10800171 Location:

Summary Statistics: Min. 0.0; StDev 17.95485113903416; Mean 25.751721667089694; Max. 72.22222; Valid 82839.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:4VCxbHOgvHAoHvD1iF6r8w==

maddison_lee_gdp_ln4

f10800171 Location:

Summary Statistics: Valid 28404.0; StDev 1.2197877305506246; Mean 8.152471355780202; Max. 14.3127174377441; Min. 4.60656929016113

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:EEuJaR7RFYToP+0DKtFCZg==

maddison_lee_pop_ln

f10800171 Location:

Summary Statistics: Max. 14.1536302566528; Valid 29596.0; Min. -10.4143133163452; Mean 7.517040481500723; StDev 3.014722834454826

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:tUnAC4WZLHhEzJCJ7/E1EQ==

missing_percent

f10800171 Location:

Summary Statistics: Valid 45327.0; Min. 0.0; Mean 0.5122884814790429; Max. 1.0; StDev 0.3063562347751627

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:SdpoBYANNj/S+fE9Kl9kxA==

Muslim

f10800171 Location:

Summary Statistics: StDev 33.417380228243466; Max. 100.0; Mean 18.32268683346865; Min. 0.0; Valid 64041.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:lNo9VZDwe4UAB575m46TwQ==

sovereign

f10800171 Location:

Summary Statistics: Valid 48447.0; Min. 0.0; Max. 1.0; StDev 0.4846162324313319; Mean 0.6230932771894659;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:ujqCr7o+yUDHKIlMJQZSjg==

years_turnover_period_cont

f10800171 Location:

Summary Statistics: Valid 30708.0; Min. 0.0; StDev 21.210140190851426; Max. 221.0; Mean 6.782890451999652

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:GvH32gB75KPRr9MxnGjZkg==

v2elfrfair

f10800171 Location:

Summary Statistics: Max. 2.742; StDev 1.4229849357969389; Min. -3.385; Valid 4816.0; Mean 0.016597799003322377

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:ykTceKNZJTDjDVm9R/UYgQ==

preds_value_polyarchy

f10800171 Location:

Summary Statistics: Min. 0.0391026973059135; Mean 0.19099815372387077; Valid 43442.0; StDev 0.20340595184249888; Max. 0.919881375346865

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:ksDOHNchOxNHdUg4ucl09A==

error_combined_abs_polyarchy

f10800171 Location:

Summary Statistics: Min. 0.0; StDev 0.03318206300416547; Valid 20020.0; Mean 0.029277562437562427; Max. 0.5509

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:9Mbhm/nCtimtuzBIac1suA==

e_polity2_sc

f10800171 Location:

Summary Statistics: StDev 0.3510085505815253; Max. 1.0; Min. 0.0; Valid 13635.0; Mean 0.477055372203887;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:AHdz+N1U+K5KH9h5RAtorg==

preds_value_polity_sc

f10800171 Location:

Summary Statistics: Mean 0.3090641791314105; Min. 0.0147619049730045; Max. 1.0; StDev 0.2643339420208381; Valid 45038.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:lm5Tf60Xi5CnoOkGdAFFjg==

e_fh_combined_sc

f10800171 Location:

Summary Statistics: Mean 0.4859504568742416; Max. 1.0; Min. 0.0; StDev 0.3362992315997812; Valid 6311.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:h3L6K1fIrXSP7QQXVqi37g==

preds_value_fh_com_sc

f10800171 Location:

Summary Statistics: Min. 0.0; Mean 0.6475430406973098; StDev 0.20834957258930806; Max. 0.999246044386001; Valid 46869.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:9TBsmizZ0hi+h+ao1mHo2A==

e_uds_mean_sc

f10800171 Location:

Summary Statistics: Mean 0.4749478800972185; Max. 1.0; StDev 0.2249416377068077; Min. 0.0; Valid 7406.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:QmcPlYzQVwaOazRsPvhDRg==

preds_value_uds_sc

f10800171 Location:

Summary Statistics: Min. 0.0534494935135756; Valid 46595.0; Max. 0.988296872803143; StDev 0.17404440813875746; Mean 0.31427170447987907

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:zFYvJ33J5cu7U2Nog+EjoA==

v2x_polyarchy_d_abs_lag

f10800171 Location:

Summary Statistics: Max. 0.644; StDev 0.03326876560057945; Min. 0.0; Valid 25159.0; Mean 0.009928176795580099

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:THk9bLrfpsQMM99vHOLBgA==

maddison_lee_gdp_ln4_delta

f10800171 Location:

Summary Statistics: Max. 2.33185958862305; Min. -2.33507537841797; Valid 28139.0; Mean 0.012422977816791822; StDev 0.047519264730850955

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:e8aoGD7N2wIigaOrSovlfQ==

error_combined_abs_polyarchy_ln

f10800171 Location:

Summary Statistics: Min. -4.60517018598809; StDev 0.6732441012341199; Mean -3.4805091207695713; Max. -0.578212642467846; Valid 20020.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:a4a2sVYOkdZri/WlwWsiVw==

polyarchy_minus_preds

f10800171 Location:

Summary Statistics: Valid 20020.0; StDev 0.04425288010244787; Min. -0.360441330952304; Max. 0.550861838164074; Mean -1.269020902644504E-4

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:Ehp5LzD2WZQ8uslB4cdMvg==

uds_minus_preds

f10800171 Location:

Summary Statistics: Max. 0.275481507848416; StDev 0.03423793954665711; Min. -0.245841273580279; Valid 7406.0; Mean 1.4739334298458762E-4

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:MyZOmYuvaXJ/6Zm1vrogbg==

polity2_minus_preds

f10800171 Location:

Summary Statistics: Valid 13635.0; StDev 0.09893084914671577; Mean 0.0010449567847031476; Min. -0.676296412785138; Max. 0.618605528106647

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:Muvph7ZjjmnEQhWjkWr0mA==

fh_combined_minus_preds

f10800171 Location:

Summary Statistics: Min. -0.450505840210688; Mean -4.993264020620972E-5; StDev 0.05600958830795048; Valid 6311.0; Max. 0.626860669290736

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:dr3PcSuLnUeVTPlNsVzs1Q==

v2elfrfair_scaled

f10800171 Location:

Summary Statistics: StDev 0.33506618736180954; Valid 4816.0; Max. 1.0; Min. 0.0; Mean 0.5116946623239238

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:MI+dMzyHI2IlJagREonpEg==

dummy_hog_right

f10800171 Location:

Variable Format: character

Notes: UNF:6:AeZapyoPLLBGPHKqis1Qpw==

country_id_factor

f10800171 Location:

Summary Statistics: Max. 908.0; Min. 3.0; Mean 291.68632864535425; StDev 191.13706120590248; Valid 104313.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:2iXgF+P1NiQGQW6Ecqc/QQ==

year_factor

f10800171 Location:

Summary Statistics: Min. 1789.0; StDev 66.38214972096148; Max. 2021.0; Mean 1906.3081315144086; Valid 104384.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:VmvgV8GNkxRaKn2f8QpquQ==

v2elfrfair_scaled

f10800174 Location:

Summary Statistics: Valid 32065.0; StDev 0.3659165492749541; Min. 0.0; Max. 1.0; Mean 0.6479806642756963

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:/0oGkM/jyw/ir8bY90uyMQ==

hog_right

f10800174 Location:

Summary Statistics: Valid 534760.0; Mean 0.3996241304510048; Max. 1.0; Min. 0.0; StDev 0.4898215322653965

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:yhI3abfL2KVAYKJNrsyd6g==

country_coder

f10800174 Location:

Variable Format: character

Notes: UNF:6:dvRjkNwrBYUawVSCIO5Pgw==

year

f10800174 Location:

Summary Statistics: Mean 1964.815153498173; Valid 877144.0; Min. 1789.0; StDev 40.34784688008542; Max. 2022.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:WJLQJh49y07fSZCvcuNxPg==

coder_id

f10800174 Location:

Summary Statistics: Min. 15.0; StDev 2178.206132066599; Valid 877144.0; Mean 3182.747090557984; Max. 8514.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:KlNJdYwHd1ylDmTKWszGKA==

cname

f10800172 Location:

Variable Format: character

Notes: UNF:6:e8wRzaweysoq3QAZW08lCQ==

year

f10800172 Location:

Summary Statistics: Valid 4560.0; Mean 1942.7616228070176; Min. 1870.0; Max. 2012.0; StDev 40.811605760214626

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:FBViOSTUpC19aXjjfMQoWQ==

hogideo

f10800172 Location:

Variable Format: character

Notes: UNF:6:j1LdIM4Bo3UMU2D/grv5gA==

country_id

f10800172 Location:

Summary Statistics: Max. 189.0; Mean 78.43026315789487; Min. 3.0; Valid 4560.0; StDev 57.47137117614349

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:s23vHOWCcGhipQGNfrCy6A==

country_id

f10800179 Location:

Summary Statistics: Mean 281.81694498848435; StDev 201.76321759046678; Valid 86291.0; Min. 3.0; Max. 593.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:bxK94iul6FiHUsTJslvcYg==

year

f10800179 Location:

Summary Statistics: Valid 86291.0; StDev 67.28436173501237; Max. 2021.0; Min. 1789.0; Mean 1905.0810976811022;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:k3cYESWyL09ylYN3xx1VZw==

v2x_polyarchy_sd

f10800179 Location:

Summary Statistics: Min. 0.003; Max. 0.078; Mean 0.025452344516382192; StDev 0.017982474346693998; Valid 25485.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:qadTxA7U20A9vCGUpwtclw==

missing_percent

f10800179 Location:

Summary Statistics: StDev 0.24349247913012917; Min. 0.0; Mean 0.41240131238879757; Valid 43244.0; Max. 0.7058823529411765

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:gUqeMD0XZwvyTfnShxErKA==

v2x_polyarchy

f10800179 Location:

Summary Statistics: Min. 0.006; Mean 0.26496627372627357; StDev 0.262701187024886; Max. 0.926; Valid 25025.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:9lLeXlhm+kvp7qqn2K9/vg==

preds_training_polyarchy

f10800179 Location:

Summary Statistics: Min. 0.03910269730591348; Valid 16016.0; StDev 0.25300960853972126; Mean 0.2638496608086334; Max. 0.919881375346865

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:GZsg4dsRplfPD+XIt5rDHg==

preds_validation_polyarchy

f10800179 Location:

Summary Statistics: Max. 0.9147255642073496; Min. 0.03917673650596823; StDev 0.2516956546384121; Mean 0.26906054254146405; Valid 4004.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:Ejih9LX1TOT8oWbzBwzpAQ==

preds_outofsample_polyarchy

f10800179 Location:

Summary Statistics: Mean 0.1282977334122021; StDev 0.11589706102542023; Max. 0.8393286300557; Valid 23736.0; Min. 0.03917673650596823

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:lmIU7VDEtValPGqY8OE+yg==

preds_test_polyarchy

f10800179 Location:

Summary Statistics: Max. 0.9153041358504976; Valid 5005.0; Min. 0.03910269730591348; Mean 0.26613126425320294; StDev 0.24999959314225662

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:l9vAQBAzqN90TdjnyqGCgQ==

preds_value_polyarchy

f10800179 Location:

Summary Statistics: Max. 0.919881375346865; Min. 0.03910269730591348; Mean 0.19079462428282107; Valid 43756.0; StDev 0.20284237163771335

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:L6GJL+eRCr2gwgWmLT3ejA==

preds_value_polyarchy_withtest

f10800179 Location:

Summary Statistics: Valid 48761.0; Min. 0.03910269730591348; StDev 0.20942420574197726; Max. 0.919881375346865; Mean 0.19852744114571896;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:vVxMkWnhert9y94lf+/Fhw==

preds_type_polyarchy

f10800179 Location:

Variable Format: character

Notes: UNF:6:2n7FRnTN1iLnz3iTVRjd/Q==

preds_type_polyarchy_withtest

f10800179 Location:

Variable Format: character

Notes: UNF:6:AHLXxXJKVWCGFtaQb002aA==

error_training_polyarchy

f10800179 Location:

Summary Statistics: Mean -1.3750624375624243E-4; Valid 16016.0; Max. 0.4979; Min. -0.2486; StDev 0.04046585089898729;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:Qmrt+aGoyI/ay0LKjNbtQw==

error_training_abs_polyarchy

f10800179 Location:

Summary Statistics: Max. 0.4979; StDev 0.029734593714586484; Valid 16016.0; Min. 0.0; Mean 0.027446509740259747

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:gcPRdgj8eJCUKZfr49rIcg==

error_validation_polyarchy

f10800179 Location:

Summary Statistics: Max. 0.5509; Valid 4004.0; Mean -7.195304695305595E-5; Min. -0.3604; StDev 0.0569389791756895

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:S9c9DM2iRy6NHMfD8dGsDg==

error_validation_abs_polyarchy

f10800179 Location:

Summary Statistics: StDev 0.04361224659785977; Mean 0.03660177322677323; Min. 0.0; Max. 0.5509; Valid 4004.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:2odFv7TOZ2vbL92qYgHpag==

error_combined_polyarchy

f10800179 Location:

Summary Statistics: Min. -0.3604; Max. 0.5509; Mean -1.243956043955926E-4; Valid 20020.0; StDev 0.04425214470016468

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:5mVlPMweobulsof/Vi4Mgw==

error_combined_abs_polyarchy

f10800179 Location:

Summary Statistics: Max. 0.5509; Valid 20020.0; StDev 0.03318206300416551; Mean 0.029277562437562434; Min. 0.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:Xwmmr/6MsiAiQuvLRFzZCQ==

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