Replication Data for: Countering Authoritarian Behavior in Democracies (doi:10.7910/DVN/EBSUNP)

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Part 1: Document Description
Part 2: Study Description
Part 3: Data Files Description
Part 4: Variable Description
Part 5: Other Study-Related Materials
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Document Description

Citation

Title:

Replication Data for: Countering Authoritarian Behavior in Democracies

Identification Number:

doi:10.7910/DVN/EBSUNP

Distributor:

Harvard Dataverse

Date of Distribution:

2024-08-10

Version:

Bibliographic Citation:

Osnabrügge, Moritz; Hobolt, Sara B., 2024, "Replication Data for: Countering Authoritarian Behavior in Democracies", https://doi.org/10.7910/DVN/EBSUNP, Harvard Dataverse, V1, UNF:6:/EaT0BcVFxCJRI31ldNNvQ== [fileUNF]

Study Description

Citation

Title:

Replication Data for: Countering Authoritarian Behavior in Democracies

Identification Number:

doi:10.7910/DVN/EBSUNP

Authoring Entity:

Osnabrügge, Moritz (Durham University)

Hobolt, Sara B. (London School of Economics and Political Science)

Distributor:

Harvard Dataverse

Access Authority:

Osnabrügge, Moritz

Depositor:

Osnabrügge, Moritz

Date of Deposit:

2024-08-10

Holdings Information:

https://doi.org/10.7910/DVN/EBSUNP

Study Scope

Keywords:

Social Sciences

Abstract:

Democratic stability hinges on voters’ commitment to democratic norms, yet there are many examples of voters’ willingness to tolerate politicians who violate such principles. This paper examines whether critical responses by other politicians can effectively counter the appeal of political candidates who have engaged in authoritarian behavior. We argue that costly action by fellow partisan politicians can reduce the electoral popularity of authoritarian politicians. We test this in a preregistered conjoint experiment embedded in a nationally representative survey in the United Kingdom. The results show that voters are less likely to choose politicians displaying authoritarian behavior, when they are criticized by other legislators, and that such counteractions are particularly effective when they are costly. These findings have important implications, as they show that politicians, especially co-partisans, can play an important role in reducing the appeal of authoritarian politicians.

Methodology and Processing

Sources Statement

Data Access

Other Study Description Materials

Related Publications

Citation

Title:

Hobolt, Sara B. and Moritz Osnabrügge. 2024. "Countering Authoritarian Behavior in Democracies". Political Behavior.

Bibliographic Citation:

Hobolt, Sara B. and Moritz Osnabrügge. 2024. "Countering Authoritarian Behavior in Democracies". Political Behavior.

File Description--f10431850

File: data_analysis.tab

Number of cases: 40120
No. of variables per record: 44
Type of File: text/tab-separated-values

Notes:

UNF:6:/EaT0BcVFxCJRI31ldNNvQ==

Variable Description

List of Variables:

ID - ID
pair_id - pair_id
chosen - chosen
rating2 - rating2
panel - panel
round - round
threat_britain - threat_britain
court_crisis - court_crisis
no_parliament - no_parliament
exclude_journalists - exclude_journalists
online_harrasment - online_harrasment
expenses - expenses
ignored_messages - ignored_messages
actor_same_party - actor_same_party
expelled - expelled
criticized - criticized
defended - defended
refused_work - refused_work
female - female
conservative - conservative
minister - minister
Controversy - Controversy
ReactionxActor - ReactionxActor
ReactionxAction - ReactionxAction
Gender - Gender
Party - Party
Minister - Minister
party_identity - party_identity
pluralism - pluralism
authoritarianism - authoritarianism
democracy - democracy
age - age
gender_respondent - gender_respondent
think_conservative - think_conservative
high_school - high_school
high_income - high_income
Q32 - Q32
Q33 - Q33
Q34 - Q34
Q35 - Q35
Q36 - Q36
Q37 - Q37
Q38 - Q38
Q39 - Q39

Variables

f10431850 Location:

Summary Statistics: Min. 100001.0; StDev 1158.1790380440368; Valid 40120.0; Mean 102006.5; Max. 104012.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:lqmsSCzB0/yFfkw/4gFweg==

pair_id

f10431850 Location:

Variable Format: character

Notes: UNF:6:CuqTrjFphxT+6RW5wRE6Zg==

chosen

f10431850 Location:

Summary Statistics: Mean 0.5; StDev 0.5000062314225717; Min. 0.0; Max. 1.0; Valid 40120.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:LzR9evf82Feh+/R+t086SA==

rating2

f10431850 Location:

Summary Statistics: Valid 40120.0; Mean 0.405209371884347; Max. 1.0; Min. 0.0; StDev 0.2833803643612146

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:uZgNSyrfXebA/pVmHb/7LQ==

panel

f10431850 Location:

Variable Format: character

Notes: UNF:6:Ay2jYsDnNcXI4xo5ZQQzwQ==

round

f10431850 Location:

Summary Statistics: Valid 40120.0; Max. 5.0; Min. 1.0; Mean 3.0; StDev 1.4142311874977227

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:LJ5eGFWLzzYSXDHgfKiFNg==

threat_britain

f10431850 Location:

Summary Statistics: Max. 1.0; Min. 0.0; Valid 40120.0; Mean 0.12417746759720882; StDev 0.3297880152600737

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:WNDTBkRagLUO311RxiWWhw==

court_crisis

f10431850 Location:

Summary Statistics: Min. 0.0; StDev 0.33187821808806983; Max. 1.0; Valid 40120.0; Mean 0.1260219341974074;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:5SL0NnoQ6gGpY+pdANEo6w==

no_parliament

f10431850 Location:

Summary Statistics: StDev 0.33072303558168353; Valid 40120.0; Mean 0.125; Min. 0.0; Max. 1.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:Ksxiu2MzPGpJAmgEWzYphQ==

exclude_journalists

f10431850 Location:

Summary Statistics: Mean 0.12407776669990185; Valid 40120.0; StDev 0.32967435980555265; Max. 1.0; Min. 0.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:zNNI+aO2+XUsvTndTDj1Gw==

online_harrasment

f10431850 Location:

Summary Statistics: StDev 0.32876261318636973; Valid 40120.0; Max. 1.0; Min. 0.0; Mean 0.12328015952143585

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:d5e33J968/KlBHQ8kAX7mw==

expenses

f10431850 Location:

Summary Statistics: Min. 0.0; StDev 0.33238311065530873; Valid 40120.0; Mean 0.12647058823529453; Max. 1.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:N6oO9lMoIlTO+mwW6QmuLg==

ignored_messages

f10431850 Location:

Summary Statistics: Max. 1.0; StDev 0.3329983410649953; Mean 0.12701894317048856; Valid 40120.0; Min. 0.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:MKW6LLtEOWSiJWpfYnPxOQ==

actor_same_party

f10431850 Location:

Summary Statistics: StDev 0.5000062009802142; Mean 0.5001744765702896; Min. 0.0; Max. 1.0; Valid 40120.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:FUCWhceww3kF50kvcDH38w==

expelled

f10431850 Location:

Summary Statistics: StDev 0.3993492009592327; Mean 0.19912761714855376; Min. 0.0; Valid 40120.0; Max. 1.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:tiOSWdqxax7wCsuTbmqxfA==

criticized

f10431850 Location:

Summary Statistics: Mean 0.19755732801595138; StDev 0.3981612507744235; Max. 1.0; Min. 0.0; Valid 40120.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:Q5KyMcLRtbkMfeOCkzUN7A==

defended

f10431850 Location:

Summary Statistics: Mean 0.2049102691924231; Max. 1.0; Valid 40120.0; Min. 0.0; StDev 0.4036410679574238

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:bPQyV/+jNLAfPz6mrD+4qw==

refused_work

f10431850 Location:

Summary Statistics: Valid 40120.0; Max. 1.0; Min. 0.0; StDev 0.4003597363526038; Mean 0.20047357926221368;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:reiSbVsuI2+Xbk66tOZrIA==

female

f10431850 Location:

Summary Statistics: Min. 0.0; Mean 0.4948404785643065; Valid 40120.0; Max. 1.0; StDev 0.4999796097205609;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:jlco6vjGDYp3h/LS4KJkrg==

conservative

f10431850 Location:

Summary Statistics: StDev 0.5000042128974432; Min. 0.0; Max. 1.0; Valid 40120.0; Mean 0.5014207377866408

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:7ZYDSuQNILnozdw+rgl7PA==

minister

f10431850 Location:

Summary Statistics: Mean 0.5010468594217352; StDev 0.5000051354930862; Max. 1.0; Valid 40120.0; Min. 0.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:rppw8fwJH5lgfo5LILTRvw==

Controversy

f10431850 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency
6.	Encouraged online harassment	4946
3.	Argued that the government may rule without consulting Parliament	5015
7.	Had an extramarital affair	4973
4.	Argued that the government should exclude journalists	4978
5.	Claimed GBP 20,000 as parliamentary expenses	5074
1.	Argued that a politician constitutes a threat	4982
8.	Ignored multiple messages	5096
2.	Argued that the government may ignore courts	5056

Summary Statistics: Mean 4.503389830508479; Max. 8.0; Min. 1.0; StDev 2.2936624282475297; Valid 40120.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:9D9P5UrQDZhywXz6v3zLzA==

ReactionxActor

f10431850 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency	Text
1.	MPs from another party	20053
2.	MPs from the candidate's own party	20067

Summary Statistics: Mean 1.5001744765702896; Max. 2.0; StDev 0.5000062009802142; Min. 1.0; Valid 40120.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:Bb2Mcge/mXc92+Kqy0xkSg==

ReactionxAction

f10431850 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency
1.	called for the candidate to be expelled	7989
4.	did not react	7941
3.	defended the behavior	8221
5.	refused to work with the candidate	8043
2.	criticized the behavior	7926

Summary Statistics: Min. 1.0; StDev 1.412067144344354; Mean 3.003065802592222; Valid 40120.0; Max. 5.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:D1ONETenB0SjAbj9zsDoNg==

Gender

f10431850 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency	Text
1.	Female	19853
2.	Male	20267

Summary Statistics: Valid 40120.0; StDev 0.4999796097205609; Mean 1.5051595214356934; Min. 1.0; Max. 2.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:WIh9tIHuNt7Q5kdfCqE9RQ==

Party

f10431850 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency	Text
1.	Conservative	20117
2.	Labour	20003

Summary Statistics: Min. 1.0; StDev 0.5000042128974432; Max. 2.0; Valid 40120.0; Mean 1.4985792622133594;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:XwuyG/i28XzqzRCe+GjNHQ==

Minister

f10431850 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency	Text
1.	No	20018
2.	Yes	20102

Summary Statistics: Max. 2.0; StDev 0.5000051354930862; Valid 40120.0; Mean 1.5010468594217352; Min. 1.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:wRxGrlSRaQlrsXqvvVzNWA==

party_identity

f10431850 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency	Text
1.	Conservative	17000
2.	Labour	13910

Summary Statistics: Mean 1.4500161759948107; Max. 2.0; Valid 30910.0; Min. 1.0; StDev 0.49750339171363456;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:xL+dwb7Ablihy/DaaAtdhQ==

pluralism

f10431850 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency	Text
1.	low	4960
2.	high	2970

Summary Statistics: Mean 1.3745271122320348; Max. 2.0; Min. 1.0; StDev 0.48403109270983985; Valid 7930.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:AurETFS21Ir1X6WIRPcNKA==

authoritarianism

f10431850 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency	Text
2.	high	14640
1.	low	13990

Summary Statistics: Min. 1.0; Mean 1.5113517289556408; Valid 28630.0; Max. 2.0; StDev 0.4998798517172877

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:f/y72S+KJCMgSe0BZIq6Tw==

democracy

f10431850 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency	Text
2.	high	22250
1.	low	3560

Summary Statistics: Min. 1.0; StDev 0.34483426651703697; Max. 2.0; Valid 25810.0; Mean 1.8620689655172427

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:XvLkPE80TBzoH92KMO3tug==

age

f10431850 Location:

Summary Statistics: StDev 17.378480815400053; Max. 91.0; Min. 18.0; Mean 47.44840478564458; Valid 40120.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:1uxqow4JIXMduo+cucgQQA==

gender_respondent

f10431850 Location:

Summary Statistics: Min. 0.0; Max. 1.0; Mean 0.5101174119410585; StDev 0.4999038716497448; Valid 40030.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:Zrx2riy2sy9zWO65+NTbQQ==

think_conservative

f10431850 Location:

Summary Statistics: Valid 40120.0; Max. 1.0; StDev 0.49415462416061845; Mean 0.4237288135592976; Min. 0.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:FuqdasDJxkJId8gkZUZIOw==

high_school

f10431850 Location:

Summary Statistics: Mean 0.5171984047856536; StDev 0.4997103550675122; Max. 1.0; Valid 40120.0; Min. 0.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:ztqA2afZsz+LB2yXjtdZ4A==

high_income

f10431850 Location:

Summary Statistics: Max. 1.0; StDev 0.4043499535488155; Mean 0.20588235294117643; Valid 40120.0; Min. 0.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:Zp4LwBi+P9c+723IAmLglw==

Q32

f10431850 Location:

Summary Statistics: Max. 97.0; Valid 40120.0; StDev 21.81768031941073; Min. 1.0; Mean 12.772432701894173;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:FY8B/1mPGTZ7XlvukWg+cg==

Q33

f10431850 Location:

Summary Statistics: Max. 97.0; Min. 1.0; Mean 12.242771684945147; Valid 40120.0; StDev 21.400779305063427;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:1Fd3lvM2A/T2daoHVzEHyw==

Q34

f10431850 Location:

Summary Statistics: Valid 40120.0; Mean 13.165752741774524; Max. 97.0; Min. 1.0; StDev 24.911242399027138

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:SCHZfhOgj553gatW0qCFvw==

Q35

f10431850 Location:

Summary Statistics: Mean 11.846211365902148; Valid 40120.0; Min. 1.0; Max. 97.0; StDev 19.626336354348993

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:Dr8HYvy9/ssq0Q0Mmhd0aQ==

Q36

f10431850 Location:

Summary Statistics: Min. 1.0; Mean 11.992522432702021; Valid 40120.0; Max. 97.0; StDev 21.470666038930187;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:Fq96vSrcgyLc5WHU36jFpQ==

Q37

f10431850 Location:

Summary Statistics: StDev 19.558079879000633; Max. 97.0; Min. 1.0; Mean 10.955134596211115; Valid 40120.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:KVYoUWZ1m4EQjidqyDtElw==

Q38

f10431850 Location:

Summary Statistics: Valid 40120.0; StDev 20.91872571366357; Min. 1.0; Mean 9.145812562312562; Max. 97.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:/IT8y7Az6USrZH4VcRxVyg==

Q39

f10431850 Location:

Summary Statistics: Min. 1.0; Valid 40120.0; Max. 97.0; StDev 19.25174832948538; Mean 11.190927218344791

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:QJbIw2frxIOENsJqUf5Crg==

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