Replication Data for: Support for a strong leader or democracy, or both? (doi:10.7910/DVN/EL4OFK)

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Part 1: Document Description
Part 2: Study Description
Part 3: Data Files Description
Part 4: Variable Description
Part 5: Other Study-Related Materials
Entire Codebook

Document Description

Citation

Title:

Replication Data for: Support for a strong leader or democracy, or both?

Identification Number:

doi:10.7910/DVN/EL4OFK

Distributor:

Harvard Dataverse

Date of Distribution:

2022-01-29

Version:

Bibliographic Citation:

Choi, Jeongho; Woo, Byung-Deuk, 2022, "Replication Data for: Support for a strong leader or democracy, or both?", https://doi.org/10.7910/DVN/EL4OFK, Harvard Dataverse, V3, UNF:6:fzSFrv4267yj9kLvECJhTw== [fileUNF]

Study Description

Citation

Title:

Replication Data for: Support for a strong leader or democracy, or both?

Identification Number:

doi:10.7910/DVN/EL4OFK

Authoring Entity:

Choi, Jeongho (University of Iowa)

Woo, Byung-Deuk (University of Iowa)

Distributor:

Harvard Dataverse

Access Authority:

Choi, Jeongho

Access Authority:

Woo, Byung-Deuk

Depositor:

Choi, Jeongho

Date of Deposit:

2022-01-29

Holdings Information:

https://doi.org/10.7910/DVN/EL4OFK

Study Scope

Keywords:

Social Sciences

Abstract:

The replication dataset and code file for the paper, "Support for a strong leader or democracy, or both?"

Methodology and Processing

Sources Statement

Data Access

Other Study Description Materials

File Description--f8138930

File: Data_support_for_a_strong_leader_or_democracy.tab

Number of cases: 202952
No. of variables per record: 65
Type of File: text/tab-separated-values

Notes:

UNF:6:fzSFrv4267yj9kLvECJhTw==

Variable Description

List of Variables:

country_name - Country name
wave - Wave
year - Year
country_year - Country-Year
idno - Individual's ID
sup_strong - Support for strong leader
sup_dem - Support for democracy
pure_sup_dem - Pure support for democracy
pure_sup_strong - Pure support for strong leader
confused_sup - Support Demo & Strong leader
pessimist_sup - Reject Demo & Reject leader
dem_auto_four - Types of Support (DV)
robust_dem_auto_four - Types of Robust Support (DV)
econ_anxiety - Economic Anxiety
culture_conserv - Cultural conservatism (Standardized)
culture_conserv_2 - Cultural conservatism (Standardized) (less missing)
conf_parli - Confidence in parliament
conf_party - Confidence in Political parties
conf_gov - Confidence in government
conf_demo_inst - Confidence in Democratic Institutions
poli_interest - Political Interest
educ_three - Education (Three)
educ_four - Education (Four)
age - Age
male - Male
married - Married
income_tenth_mid - Income (Dk - Mid)
employed - Employment
right_ideology_mid - Political Ideology (Right)
social_trust - Social Trust
dem_essential_liberty - RECODE of E229 (Democracy: Civil rights protect people’s liberty against oppress
dem_essential_obeyrule - Conception_obey_ruler
dem_essential_better - Conception_problematic_but_good
dem_importance - Importance of Democracy
action_petition - Signing a petition
action_boycotts - Boycotting
action_demonstration - Particiapting demontrations
action_vote_local - Voting at local election
action_vote_national - Voting at national election
cnt_all_mig_ipo_un - Migration
cnt_all_mig_ipo_un_lag - Migration (Lag)
cnt_all_mig_prop - Migration (%)
cnt_all_mig_prop_lag - Migration (%) (Lag)
cnt_male_mig_ipo_un - Male Migration
cnt_male_mig_ipo_un_lag - Male Migration (Lag)
cnt_male_mig_prop - Male Migration (%)
cnt_male_mig_prop_lag - Male Migration (%) (Lag)
cnt_female_mig_ipo_un - Female Migration
cnt_female_mig_ipo_un_lag - Female Migration (Lag)
cnt_female_mig_prop - Female Migration (%)
cnt_female_mig_prop_lag - Female Migration (%) (Lag)
cnt_gdppc_wb - GDP per capita
cnt_gdppc_wb_lag - GDP per capita (Lag)
cnt_unemployment_wb - Unemployment (%)
cnt_unemployment_wb_lag - Unemployment (%) (Lag)
gini_disp_mean - Gini coef
gini_disp_mean_lag - Gini coef (Lag)
cnt_libdem_vdem - Quality of Democracy
cnt_libdem_vdem_lag - Quality of Democracy (Lag)
cnt_regime_vdem - Regime Type
cnt_regime_vdem_lag - Regime Type (Lag)
equal_weight - Equilibrated Weight
E069_07 - Confidence: Parliament
E069_12 - Confidence: The Political Parties
E069_11 - Confidence: The Government

Variables

Country name

f8138930 Location:

Variable Format: character

Notes: UNF:6:ZPwmyIx9qMH15jmXojCqug==

Wave

f8138930 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency
4.	1999-2004	23552
1.	1981-1984	0
6.	2010-2014	46552
2.	1989-1993	0
3.	1994-1998	45608
5.	2005-2009	50807
7.	2017-2020	36433

Summary Statistics: Mean 5.0229118215145006; Max. 7.0; StDev 1.4006641478368331; Valid 202952.0; Min. 3.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:3hMWehC/NPN+EVrFar1Dng==

Year

f8138930 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency
1997.	1997	7376
1982.	1982	0
2001.	2001	11037
1992.	1992	0
2014.	2014	4299
1990.	1990	0
2002.	2002	2103
1999.	1999	3201
2016.	2016	0
1998.	1998	9238
2020.	2020	7042
2006.	2006	23678
2008.	2008	0
2015.	2015	0
1994.	1994	0
1983.	1983	0
2012.	2012	17511
1989.	1989	0
2019.	2019	4259
2000.	2000	7211
2007.	2007	9689
2004.	2004	1696
1995.	1995	8366
2003.	2003	0
1984.	1984	0
1991.	1991	0
2005.	2005	13622
2011.	2011	10320
1996.	1996	20628
2018.	2018	18753
1981.	1981	0
1993.	1993	0
2010.	2010	3890
2017.	2017	6379
2009.	2009	2122
2013.	2013	10532

Summary Statistics: Valid 202952.0; Max. 2020.0; Min. 1995.0; Mean 2006.7917093697029; StDev 7.761487505317327

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:cIPjlAtXWTuQauID+NaeDQ==

Country-Year

f8138930 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency
6162012.	Poland (2012)	834
3561995.	India (1995)	1290
5281990.	Netherlands (1990)	0
6462007.	Rwanda (2007)	0
5542011.	New Zealand (2011)	680
502002.	Bangladesh (2002)	1373
7921990.	Turkey (1990)	0
9001981.	Germany West (1981)	0
482013.	Bahrain (2013)	0
3002008.	Greece (2008)	0
1962011.	Cyprus (2011)	937
1522012.	Chile (2012)	857
19992018.	Other - Sweden Immigrants (2018)	0
321984.	Argentina (1984)	0
4172011.	Kyrgyzstan (2011)	0
3521984.	Iceland (1984)	0
4102010.	South Korea (2010)	1188
7051999.	Slovenia (1999)	0
5662000.	Nigeria (2000)	0
5661990.	Nigeria (1990)	0
322017.	Argentina (2017)	868
2462009.	Finland (2009)	0
1701997.	Colombia (1997)	2808
6342010.	Qatar (2010)	0
2762008.	Germany (2008)	0
3721990.	Ireland (1990)	0
8262009.	Great Britain (2009)	0
4992019.	Montenegro (2019)	0
5662018.	Nigeria (2018)	1219
2312007.	Ethiopia (2007)	0
1562018.	China (2018)	0
7032008.	Slovakia (2008)	0
7162001.	Zimbabwe (2001)	0
1911999.	Croatia (1999)	0
1561995.	China (1995)	0
4842000.	Mexico (2000)	1195
2182013.	Ecuador (2013)	1180
7042001.	Vietnam (2001)	0
8042020.	Ukraine (2020)	0
7101990.	South Africa (1990)	0
8401999.	United States (1999)	1144
12322018.	Eritrea - Sweden Immigrants (2018)	0
5782008.	Norway (2008)	0
8582006.	Uruguay (2006)	789
3922010.	Japan (2010)	1813
1701998.	Colombia (1998)	2792
4282008.	Latvia (2008)	0
1011998.	Srp Ska (1998)	0
3522017.	Iceland (2017)	0
702008.	Bosnia and Herzegovina (2008)	0
4281990.	Latvia (1990)	0
5281981.	Netherlands (1981)	0
4002018.	Jordan (2018)	0
362005.	Australia (2005)	1371
7562008.	Switzerland (2008)	0
2761999.	Germany (1999)	0
6422012.	Romania (2012)	1325
2461990.	Finland (1990)	0
8402017.	United States (2017)	2498
8182012.	Egypt (2013)	0
3002017.	Greece (2017)	1170
1001991.	Bulgaria (1991)	0
4582012.	Malaysia (2012)	0
4841990.	Mexico (1990)	0
5662012.	Nigeria (2012)	0
3442014.	Hong Kong SAR (2014)	0
8041999.	Ukraine (1999)	0
7802010.	Trinidad and Tobago (2010)	889
3721999.	Ireland (1999)	0
17922018.	Turkey - Sweden Immigrants (2018)	0
7642007.	Thailand (2007)	0
4101996.	South Korea (1996)	1234
4582006.	Malaysia (2006)	0
3602001.	Indonesia (2001)	896
361995.	Australia (1995)	1941
1582019.	Taiwan ROC (2019)	1180
4281996.	Latvia (1996)	1048
2331996.	Estonia (1996)	893
8072019.	North Macedonia (2019)	0
2762013.	Germany (2013)	1955
8582011.	Uruguay (2011)	781
3561990.	India (1990)	0
3982011.	Kazakhstan (2011)	0
7521999.	Sweden (1999)	973
2031990.	Czech Republic (1990)	0
562009.	Belgium (2009)	0
4842018.	Mexico (2018)	1665
2682008.	Georgia (2008)	0
2081999.	Denmark (1999)	0
321995.	Argentina (1995)	968
1702018.	Colombia (2018)	1520
9082009.	Great Britain (2009)	0
1911996.	Croatia (1996)	0
7922011.	Turkey (2011)	1348
311997.	Azerbaijan (1997)	0
7042020.	Vietnam (2020)	0
7522018.	Sweden (2018)	0
8402011.	United States (2011)	2157
8342001.	Tanzania (2001)	0
8182000.	Egypt (2000)	0
10042019.	Afghanistan- Sweden Immigrants (2019)	0
8182018.	Egypt (2018)	0
362018.	Australia (2018)	1721
4002007.	Jordan (2007)	0
7922018.	Turkey (2018)	0
7802006.	Trinidad and Tobago (2006)	947
6161990.	Poland (1990)	0
6882017.	Serbia (2017)	0
4701999.	Malta (1999)	0
4102001.	South Korea (2001)	1002
4401990.	Lithuania (1990)	0
2761981.	Germany West (1981)	0
8071998.	North Macedonia (1998)	0
1002006.	Bulgaria (2006)	752
5582020.	Nicaragua (2020)	0
7242011.	Spain (2011)	1003
5781996.	Norway (1996)	1101
1582006.	Taiwan ROC (2006)	1201
9091981.	Northern Ireland (1981)	0
4401999.	Lithuania (1999)	0
7521982.	Sweden (1982)	0
3682006.	Iraq (2006)	0
8041996.	Ukraine (1996)	1646
6422008.	Romania (2008)	0
1521990.	Chile (1990)	0
1121996.	Belarus (1996)	1603
1522006.	Chile (2006)	845
4402008.	Lithuania (2008)	0
9081999.	Great Britain (1999)	0
6161989.	Poland (1989)	0
6082019.	Philippines (2019)	0
3602006.	Indonesia (2006)	1778
6201999.	Portugal (1999)	0
3922005.	Japan (2005)	900
4982008.	Moldova (2008)	0
6302018.	Puerto Rico (2018)	0
3921990.	Japan (1990)	0
1522000.	Chile (2000)	1060
1242000.	Canada (2000)	1739
7162020.	Zimbabwe (2020)	0
13642018.	Iran - Sweden Immigrants (2018)	0
1702005.	Colombia (2005)	2745
122014.	Algeria (2014)	0
3682018.	Iraq (2018)	0
4841981.	Mexico (1981)	0
207018.	Andorra (2018)	0
761997.	Brazil (1997)	1067
3521990.	Iceland (1990)	0
3482018.	Hungary (2018)	0
7102006.	South Africa (2006)	2649
7241999.	Spain (1999)	0
4701983.	Malta (1983)	0
1962019.	Cyprus (2019)	850
6431995.	Russia (1995)	0
8072008.	North Macedonia (2008)	0
2682009.	Georgia (2009)	1206
1562007.	China (2007)	0
8182008.	Egypt (2008)	0
3322016.	Haiti (2016)	0
6421999.	Romania (1999)	0
19992019.	Other - Sweden Immigrants (2019)	0
6081996.	Philippines (1996)	1170
2762018.	Germany (2018)	1434
8872014.	Yemen (2014)	0
3802009.	Italy (2009)	0
762006.	Brazil (2006)	1424
6162017.	Poland (2017)	0
5541998.	New Zealand (1998)	958
8942007.	Zambia (2007)	1403
9092008.	Northern Ireland (2008)	0
4662007.	Mali (2007)	1311
7052011.	Slovenia (2011)	941
322013.	Argentina (2013)	904
6202008.	Portugal (2008)	0
4142014.	Kuwait (2014)	0
8401981.	United States (1981)	0
1972008.	Northern Cyprus (2008)	0
8182001.	Egypt (2001)	0
7561996.	Switzerland (1996)	997
6822003.	Saudi Arabia (2003)	0
7101996.	South Africa (1996)	2411
7242017.	Spain (2017)	0
9202.	9202	0
6042001.	Peru (2001)	0
4841995.	Mexico (1995)	0
4102005.	South Korea (2005)	1199
4022018.	Austria (2018)	0
7561989.	Switzerland (1989)	0
7242007.	Spain (2007)	1001
7052008.	Slovenia (2008)	0
6161999.	Poland (1999)	0
401999.	Austria (1999)	0
2681996.	Georgia (1996)	0
4841996.	Mexico (1996)	0
682017.	Bolivia (2017)	1843
6301995.	Puerto Rico (1995)	0
7521996.	Sweden (1996)	964
7522017.	Sweden (2017)	0
5042011.	Morocco (2011)	0
6432017.	Russia (2017)	0
8401995.	United States (1995)	1398
8182013.	Egypt (2013)	0
7031998.	Slovakia (1998)	1003
7032017.	Slovakia (2017)	0
702019.	Bosnia and Herzegovina (2019)	0
762018.	Brazil (2018)	1389
1002005.	Bulgaria (2005)	0
4702008.	Malta (2008)	0
3802018.	Italy (2018)	0
2761990.	Germany (1990)	0
9091999.	Northern Ireland (1999)	0
5042001.	Morocco (2001)	0
81998.	Albania (1998)	0
3481998.	Hungary (1998)	581
3562001.	India (2001)	1353
2082017.	Denmark (2017)	0
82002.	Albania (2002)	0
7622020.	Tajikistan (2020)	0
5781982.	Norway (1982)	0
4222018.	Lebanon (2018)	1170
9081981.	Great Britain (1981)	0
7102013.	South Africa (2013)	3216
4172020.	Kyrgyzstan (2020)	0
4101982.	South Korea (1982)	0
9081990.	Great Britain (1990)	0
8602011.	Uzbekistan (2011)	0
1241990.	Canada (1990)	0
122002.	Algeria (2002)	0
5782018.	Norway (2018)	0
2331990.	Estonia (1990)	0
1562001.	China (2001)	0
7042006.	Vietnam (2006)	0
1582012.	Taiwan ROC (2012)	1108
3442018.	Hong Kong SAR (2018)	0
4222013.	Lebanon (2013)	1060
1241982.	Canada (1982)	0
3562006.	India (2006)	1340
2221999.	El Salvador (1999)	0
512008.	Armenia (2008)	0
511997.	Armenia (1997)	0
2331999.	Estonia (1999)	0
7162012.	Zimbabwe (2012)	0
312011.	Azerbaijan (2011)	0
2462000.	Finland (2000)	0
82018.	Albania (2018)	0
5282006.	Netherlands (2006)	915
3642020.	Iran (2020)	0
322006.	Argentina (2006)	778
1242006.	Canada (2006)	1956
502018.	Bangladesh (2018)	0
7052017.	Slovenia (2017)	0
4992008.	Montenegro (2008)	0
4172003.	Kyrgyzstan (2003)	0
6042012.	Peru (2012)	1044
6422005.	Romania (2005)	1429
2082008.	Denmark (2008)	0
1121990.	Belarus (1990)	0
9152008.	Kosovo (2008)	0
2141996.	Dominican Republic (1996)	0
3682004.	Iraq (2004)	0
2762017.	Germany (2017)	0
8261995.	Great Britain (1995)	0
3521999.	Iceland (1999)	0
3001999.	Greece (1999)	0
8401982.	United States (1982)	0
7921996.	Turkey (1996)	1695
8262018.	Great Britain (2018)	0
2762006.	Germany (2006)	1868
2182011.	Ecuador (2011)	0
4582018.	Malaysia (2018)	0
7521990.	Sweden (1990)	0
8402006.	United States (2006)	1197
402008.	Austria (2008)	0
7031999.	Slovakia (1999)	0
312008.	Azerbaijan (2008)	0
501996.	Bangladesh (1996)	1218
6431999.	Russia (1999)	0
1122008.	Belarus (2008)	0
3801990.	Italy (1990)	0
8042006.	Ukraine (2006)	0
4002014.	Jordan (2014)	0
561990.	Belgium (1990)	0
202005.	Andorra (2005)	0
6042006.	Peru (2006)	1281
7031990.	Slovakia (1990)	0
3602018.	Indonesia (2018)	3086
17062018.	Somalia - Sweden Immigrants (2018)	0
4281999.	Latvia (1999)	0
5782007.	Norway (2007)	1007
6882001.	Serbia (2001)	0
7882013.	Tunisia (2013)	1024
8622000.	Venezuela (2000)	1124
2081990.	Denmark (1990)	0
561999.	Belgium (1999)	0
6422018.	Romania (2018)	1067
2032008.	Czech Republic (2008)	0
3921981.	Japan (1981)	0
7642013.	Thailand (2013)	1193
1581998.	Taiwan ROC (1998)	737
4981995.	Moldova (1995)	0
3722008.	Ireland (2008)	0
3562012.	India (2012)	3406
3762001.	Israel (2001)	0
1702012.	Colombia (2012)	1393
6042018.	Peru (2018)	1271
6202020.	Portugal (2020)	921
6302001.	Puerto Rico (2001)	0
6082001.	Philippines (2001)	1180
2501990.	France (1990)	0
4842012.	Mexico (2012)	1925
2332008.	Estonia (2008)	0
7052005.	Slovenia (2005)	894
1522018.	Chile (2018)	822
7241981.	Spain (1981)	0
2031998.	Czech Republic (1998)	1050
1122018.	Belarus (2018)	0
3922019.	Japan (2019)	1079
761996.	Brazil (1996)	0
7241990.	Spain (1990)	0
321991.	Argentina (1991)	0
3202020.	Guatemala (2020)	1203
2461981.	Finland (1981)	0
7922001.	Turkey (2001)	3053
8261999.	Great Britain (1999)	0
4101990.	South Korea (1990)	0
7102001.	South Africa (2001)	2539
5282012.	Netherlands (2012)	1470
4102018.	South Korea (2018)	1245
1562013.	China (2013)	0
8042011.	Ukraine (2011)	0
2462017.	Finland (2017)	0
3481991.	Hungary (1991)	0
3562014.	India (2014)	0
321999.	Argentina (1999)	1084
7922007.	Turkey (2007)	1102
4701991.	Malta (1991)	0
3481982.	Hungary (1982)	0
362012.	Australia (2012)	1417
7242000.	Spain (2000)	996
9082005.	Great Britain (2005)	0
13682018.	Iraq - Sweden Immigrants (2018)	0
9081998.	Great Britain (1998)	0
5781990.	Norway (1990)	0
2461996.	Finland (1996)	888
7022020.	Singapore (2020)	0
8072001.	North Macedonia (2001)	0
5861997.	Pakistan (1997)	0
561981.	Belgium (1981)	0
361981.	Australia (1981)	0
512018.	Armenia (2018)	0
7241995.	Spain (1995)	1021
6432008.	Russia (2008)	0
3921995.	Japan (1995)	830
5862001.	Pakistan (2001)	0
2032017.	Czech Republic (2017)	0
7922009.	Turkey (2009)	0
2081981.	Denmark (1981)	0
4982002.	Moldova (2002)	730
6162008.	Poland (2008)	0
6082012.	Philippines (2012)	1180
312018.	Azerbaijan (2018)	0
4421999.	Luxembourg (1999)	0
7642018.	Thailand (2018)	0
3801999.	Italy (1999)	0
3682013.	Iraq (2013)	0
7562007.	Switzerland (2007)	1183
701998.	Bosnia and Herzegovina (1998)	1110
2761997.	Germany (1997)	1948
8261981.	Great Britain (1981)	0
7242008.	Spain (2008)	0
17602019.	Syria - Sweden Immigrants (2019)	0
7051992.	Slovenia (1992)	0
8581996.	Uruguay (1996)	882
17602018.	Syria - Sweden Immigrants (2018)	0
7522009.	Sweden (2009)	0
1962006.	Cyprus (2006)	1047
7562017.	Switzerland (2017)	0
7882019.	Tunisia (2019)	1150
3442005.	Hong Kong SAR (2005)	0
2882012.	Ghana (2012)	1552
6882008.	Serbia (2008)	0
1001997.	Bulgaria (1997)	753
9082018.	Great Britain (2018)	0
2182018.	Ecuador (2018)	1144
5282008.	Netherlands (2008)	0
6421998.	Romania (1998)	1007
3721981.	Ireland (1981)	0
4342014.	Libya (2014)	1934
1962008.	Cyprus (2008)	0
7022012.	Singapore (2012)	0
8621996.	Venezuela (1996)	1117
2312020.	Ethiopia (2020)	0
5542004.	New Zealand (2004)	745
8042008.	Ukraine (2008)	0
2031999.	Czech Republic (1999)	0
8542007.	Burkina Faso (2007)	1203
1042020.	Myanmar (2020)	0
7922012.	Turkey (2012)	0
4401997.	Lithuania (1997)	800
6421993.	Romania (1993)	0
4002001.	Jordan (2001)	0
9081995.	Great Britain (1995)	0
3482009.	Hungary (2009)	916
1122011.	Belarus (2011)	0
3522009.	Iceland (2009)	0
5862012.	Pakistan (2012)	0
1002008.	Bulgaria (2008)	0
7521981.	Sweden (1981)	0
7051995.	Slovenia (1995)	918
3922000.	Japan (2000)	1097
1521996.	Chile (1996)	897
1002017.	Bulgaria (2017)	0
4842005.	Mexico (2005)	1411
3481999.	Hungary (1999)	0
7522011.	Sweden (2011)	1139
6431990.	Russia (1990)	0
2682014.	Georgia (2014)	1032
5542020.	New Zealand (2020)	900
8261998.	Great Britain (1998)	0
8401990.	United States (1990)	0
202018.	Andorra (2018)	0
2501981.	France (1981)	0
12322019.	Eritrea - Sweden Immigrants (2019)	0
761991.	Brazil (1991)	0
6882006.	Serbia (2006)	976
1912017.	Croatia (2017)	0
1242020.	Canada (2020)	4018
6161997.	Poland (1997)	0
1561990.	China (1990)	0
3982018.	Kazakhstan (2018)	0
512011.	Armenia (2011)	0
2752013.	Palestine (2013)	0
2882007.	Ghana (2007)	1479
3642000.	Iran (2000)	0
702001.	Bosnia and Herzegovina (2001)	1014
6432011.	Russia (2011)	0
7031991.	Slovakia (1991)	0
1581994.	Taiwan ROC (1994)	0
401990.	Austria (1990)	0
82008.	Albania (2008)	0
13642019.	Iran - Sweden Immigrants (2019)	0
1001999.	Bulgaria (1999)	0
2501999.	France (1999)	0
1912008.	Croatia (2008)	0
6432006.	Russia (2006)	0
6041996.	Peru (1996)	0
4982006.	Moldova (2006)	0
17922019.	Turkey - Sweden Immigrants (2019)	0
7522006.	Sweden (2006)	986
5282017.	Netherlands (2017)	0
2462005.	Finland (2005)	978
2502018.	France (2018)	0
6881996.	Serbia (1996)	0
8261990.	Great Britain (1990)	0
5042007.	Morocco (2007)	0
2031991.	Czech Republic (1991)	0
7101982.	South Africa (1982)	0
13682019.	Iraq - Sweden Immigrants (2019)	0
6882018.	Serbia (2018)	0
6201990.	Portugal (1990)	0
5281999.	Netherlands (1999)	0
17062019.	Somalia - Sweden Immigrants (2019)	0
4462020.	Macau SAR (2020)	0
3801981.	Italy (1981)	0
402018.	Austria (2018)	0
8002001.	Uganda (2001)	0
10042018.	Afghanistan- Sweden Immigrants (2018)	0
6462012.	Rwanda (2012)	0
2682018.	Georgia (2018)	0
3202004.	Guatemala (2004)	951
4991996.	Montenegro (1996)	0
2332018.	Estonia (2018)	0
5661995.	Nigeria (1995)	0
762014.	Brazil (2014)	1333
7022002.	Singapore (2002)	0
9091990.	Northern Ireland (1990)	0
3802005.	Italy (2005)	946
3482008.	Hungary (2008)	0
5862018.	Pakistan (2018)	0
3642007.	Iran (2007)	0
6162005.	Poland (2005)	827
4422008.	Luxembourg (2008)	0
4992001.	Montenegro (2001)	0
4402018.	Lithuania (2018)	0
2332011.	Estonia (2011)	1334
4981996.	Moldova (1996)	864
2502008.	France (2008)	0
1122000.	Belarus (2000)	0
2502006.	France (2006)	949
8262005.	Great Britain (2005)	922

Summary Statistics: Min. 321995.0; Valid 202952.0; Max. 8942007.0; StDev 2655313.329178417; Mean 4325993.399377062

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:ZGP3wYvsXBRB/MDePXzDkA==

Individual's ID

f8138930 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency	Text
-1.	Don´t know	0
-4.	Not asked in survey	0
-2.	No answer	0
-3.	Not applicable	0
-5.	Missing; Unknown	0

Summary Statistics: Mean 4.324509767375168E9; Valid 202952.0; StDev 2.655305020893148E9; Min. 3.20320001E8; Max. 8.940521499E9;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:xAfTCHyhH6T9llAR8T7kkg==

Support for strong leader

f8138930 Location:

Summary Statistics: Mean 0.41539378769365304; StDev 0.4927910159414753; Valid 202952.0; Max. 1.0; Min. 0.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:ADoXy+8aUinRVZMxGg17Cg==

Support for democracy

f8138930 Location:

Summary Statistics: Min. 0.0; Mean 0.8912944932791897; Max. 1.0; Valid 202952.0; StDev 0.3112701349773262

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:bid646lpyfzhk/KMb0epkA==

Pure support for democracy

f8138930 Location:

Summary Statistics: Mean 1.0; Max. 1.0; Valid 108250.0; StDev 0.0; Min. 1.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:5bRIvDY3AMWr5KkelHyrrw==

Pure support for strong leader

f8138930 Location:

Summary Statistics: Max. 1.0; Mean 1.0; StDev 0.0; Min. 1.0; Valid 11665.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:g/qF677h9OJEFGC2LUf/ew==

Support Demo & Strong leader

f8138930 Location:

Summary Statistics: Mean 1.0; Max. 1.0; Valid 72640.0; StDev 0.0; Min. 1.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:mDPR9Lcv6XhYkPXmK0/cJw==

Reject Demo & Reject leader

f8138930 Location:

Summary Statistics: Valid 10397.0; Max. 1.0; Mean 1.0; StDev 0.0; Min. 1.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:6zeiiVr/sF58ivzJnJj3gw==

Types of Support (DV)

f8138930 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency
2.	Guardianship Democracy	72640
0.	Pure Democracy	108250
1.	Pure Strong leader	11665
3.	Political Pessimist	10397

Summary Statistics: Min. 0.0; Valid 202952.0; Mean 0.9269975166540947; Max. 3.0; StDev 1.0444548596225256

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:Y+Okfq5yKI0nLOcID1rX/A==

Types of Robust Support (DV)

f8138930 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency
0.	(Robust) Pure Democracy	40623
2.	(Robust) Guardianship Democracy	15104
1.	(Robust) Pure Strong leader	1544
3.	(Robust) Political Pessimist	2041

Summary Statistics: Max. 3.0; Mean 0.638572295656871; Min. 0.0; StDev 0.9729274840884266; Valid 59312.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:Ofyc8YQo9/0mg/QYiLmXag==

Economic Anxiety

f8138930 Location:

Summary Statistics: Min. 1.0; StDev 2.5165543055933814; Max. 10.0; Valid 194154.0; Mean 5.041302265212295

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:DhCWr/z4DjFqXcstXbBNlA==

Cultural conservatism (Standardized)

f8138930 Location:

Summary Statistics: StDev 0.9999999964490442; Min. -2.639810562133789; Mean -1.1177853089659602E-9; Valid 140262.0; Max. 1.7913382053375244

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:HNvt3pea2sjGFjmoBPxEfg==

Cultural conservatism (Standardized) (less missing)

f8138930 Location:

Summary Statistics: Mean -9.977508466111854E-10; Min. -2.5904946327209473; Valid 163400.0; Max. 1.8233426809310913; StDev 1.0000000008409884;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:Z6UqazZHTrZ08+ap9Na+CA==

Confidence in parliament

f8138930 Location:

Summary Statistics: Valid 197642.0; Mean 2.1756205664788055; Max. 4.0; Min. 1.0; StDev 0.8762172912304267

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:Q3jjyeYDQ/RV2q4+uDiVGQ==

Confidence in Political parties

f8138930 Location:

Summary Statistics: Max. 4.0; Valid 197301.0; StDev 0.809251290372266; Min. 1.0; Mean 1.9675571842007702

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:jJiKe48o6a9O8p//EyGb8Q==

Confidence in government

f8138930 Location:

Summary Statistics: Valid 195446.0; Min. 1.0; StDev 0.9062569522659278; Max. 4.0; Mean 2.313196483939286

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:ZInny3LCJ3gy6SWIjjSQsg==

Confidence in Democratic Institutions

f8138930 Location:

Summary Statistics: Valid 190780.0; Min. 1.0; Mean 2.1539067650168375; StDev 0.747268878983403; Max. 4.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:VYR9wMnCXBGu/d/zYjt15w==

Political Interest

f8138930 Location:

Summary Statistics: Valid 197755.0; Min. 1.0; Mean 2.3754342494500684; Max. 4.0; StDev 0.9610428521616473;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:pewFrhu3o+qYVDnMs/LbXg==

Education (Three)

f8138930 Location:

Summary Statistics: Mean 2.0593073895759155; Max. 3.0; Min. 1.0; StDev 0.7329828301528516; Valid 200228.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:EjfzPxdBRke5l5kIH7wRag==

Education (Four)

f8138930 Location:

Summary Statistics: Mean 2.570634771143323; StDev 1.0902515789999028; Valid 159270.0; Max. 4.0; Min. 1.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:bKAuOLwhaysmEG+mXTbDRw==

Age

f8138930 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency	Text
17.	17 or less	1107
90.	90 or more	167

Summary Statistics: Max. 90.0; Mean 42.37679106429868; Min. 17.0; Valid 202603.0; StDev 16.530113215892104

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:u7g94mfhU+Im8CaVGQDCaw==

Male

f8138930 Location:

Summary Statistics: Min. 0.0; Valid 202848.0; Max. 1.0; StDev 0.5000008280290297; Mean 0.4993640558447649

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:dKjeXKvHpnvyEmzB+jv//g==

Married

f8138930 Location:

Summary Statistics: Max. 1.0; Mean 0.6326103253535981; Valid 200090.0; Min. 0.0; StDev 0.4820950768938579

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:8I5PEzP7eEGIrxojugUfXg==

Income (Dk - Mid)

f8138930 Location:

Summary Statistics: StDev 2.30656650421682; Valid 193342.0; Min. 1.0; Max. 10.0; Mean 4.755619575674191

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:EpI8sBHhhNFlG8LiufchwA==

Employment

f8138930 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency	Text
0.	unemployed	91258
1.	employed	110717

Summary Statistics: Min. 0.0; Mean 0.548171803441015; StDev 0.497675299414387; Valid 201975.0; Max. 1.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:QBaZA900KKwnoO6gKq4jWg==

Political Ideology (Right)

f8138930 Location:

Summary Statistics: StDev 2.2173874871555435; Mean 5.569066826528081; Max. 10.0; Valid 193501.0; Min. 1.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:f6yerVhtbj9CD4+iSGsibQ==

Social Trust

f8138930 Location:

Summary Statistics: Valid 200303.0; StDev 0.43091626796626525; Max. 1.0; Mean 0.24640170142232568; Min. 0.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:KeDUxCqlD/Gt5uz8dzBl5Q==

RECODE of E229 (Democracy: Civil rights protect people’s liberty against oppress

f8138930 Location:

Summary Statistics: Mean 7.616423924145301; Max. 10.0; StDev 2.593627020214502; Min. 0.0; Valid 124343.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:CuGPAihZXuDRDBuWSJKjoA==

Conception_obey_ruler

f8138930 Location:

Summary Statistics: StDev 3.0475151306844777; Valid 80914.0; Max. 10.0; Mean 5.559791877796201; Min. 0.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:+YXB0Mx06dAJQmO7/fj/bA==

Conception_problematic_but_good

f8138930 Location:

Summary Statistics: Valid 60344.0; Mean 3.259362985549514; StDev 0.7185242615126507; Max. 4.0; Min. 1.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:hprIToxzoGRjYjKIRb2c6A==

Importance of Democracy

f8138930 Location:

Summary Statistics: StDev 2.003332613796462; Max. 10.0; Mean 8.547741383001469; Valid 130788.0; Min. 1.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:52/nxOpiuDtbArZSXMJMJg==

Signing a petition

f8138930 Location:

Summary Statistics: Min. 1.0; StDev 0.8179362238163702; Mean 1.9887954034523854; Max. 3.0; Valid 195277.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:4KbkE0aVok66KVh6jFjSSw==

Boycotting

f8138930 Location:

Summary Statistics: Min. 1.0; Mean 1.5215339569943858; Max. 3.0; Valid 192626.0; StDev 0.6702316941156167

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:LAstqvUqDz6lRW2Y0rycoA==

Particiapting demontrations

f8138930 Location:

Summary Statistics: Min. 1.0; Mean 1.7278679133335377; Valid 195508.0; StDev 0.7326570324130326; Max. 3.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:tLgJpRF1rLi4dSYVs7pTBQ==

Voting at local election

f8138930 Location:

Summary Statistics: Max. 3.0; Min. 1.0; Valid 80047.0; StDev 0.7041505438497205; Mean 2.5385086261820526

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:YoUK0gletKVU8clWYrZohQ==

Voting at national election

f8138930 Location:

Summary Statistics: Max. 3.0; Valid 79916.0; StDev 0.67437552098391; Min. 1.0; Mean 2.6039216176984996

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:rT1CPuc56XO29mAE6x/LqA==

Migration

f8138930 Location:

Summary Statistics: Min. 36805.0; Mean 3658898.616114247; Valid 193592.0; StDev 8556429.174443608; Max. 4.9160460600000024E7

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:zrgoGw8Y7gIoVzFa0Ft/Dg==

Migration (Lag)

f8138930 Location:

Summary Statistics: StDev 8398836.50123997; Valid 193592.0; Min. 34620.0; Mean 3571451.5249139722; Max. 4.8669668E7

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:N5bgzlHNwgSKatdjtyHSFQ==

Migration (%)

f8138930 Location:

Summary Statistics: Valid 193592.0; Mean 0.06723217911421925; Max. 0.2923387587070465; StDev 0.07618564943599077; Min. 0.001277462113648653

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:xcQwFJVV9TCxXLkUjfb3FQ==

Migration (%) (Lag)

f8138930 Location:

Summary Statistics: Max. 0.28909122943878174; StDev 0.07556736105298803; Min. 0.0012784951832145452; Mean 0.06612340396035528; Valid 193592.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:AKyuXBphaL1F2ips+fqvlQ==

Male Migration

f8138930 Location:

Summary Statistics: Max. 2.3859722199999988E7; Valid 193592.0; Min. 15480.40000000014; Mean 1805622.3571957396; StDev 4190806.833040485

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:DC6LWnEZmAzcW9tgFpxm3A==

Male Migration (Lag)

f8138930 Location:

Summary Statistics: StDev 4118717.1244407333; Mean 1763796.2684046149; Valid 193592.0; Min. 14561.2001953125; Max. 2.3653298E7;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:S4YxLoTTFrN7n6KwvRAbeA==

Male Migration (%)

f8138930 Location:

Summary Statistics: Max. 0.14508624374866486; StDev 0.03715150051159604; Valid 193592.0; Min. 7.261636783368886E-4; Mean 0.032967791037357475;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:4+4W/7QE8Ecp6IK2f6Ou8w==

Male Migration (%) (Lag)

f8138930 Location:

Summary Statistics: Min. 7.24846264347434E-4; Mean 0.03242368258177988; Valid 193592.0; Max. 0.1435205638408661; StDev 0.03685956218550469

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:NyQdhBopFlkjbiA30RLM8A==

Female Migration

f8138930 Location:

Summary Statistics: Min. 21324.600000000093; Valid 193592.0; StDev 4367069.2372472705; Max. 2.5300738399999976E7; Mean 1853276.2589185855

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:QmAnhkMyE/d3PJ987sQimA==

Female Migration (Lag)

f8138930 Location:

Summary Statistics: Mean 1807655.2586416395; Min. 20058.80078125; Valid 193592.0; StDev 4281624.367725186; Max. 2.5016372E7

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:lW+tANNS70b6WwNkK5J3BA==

Female Migration (%)

f8138930 Location:

Summary Statistics: Min. 5.452336627058685E-4; Max. 0.14725251495838165; StDev 0.03940328909031673; Mean 0.03426438781931541; Valid 193592.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:Es8dTxWn3KHqjJWqjlzj3Q==

Female Migration (%) (Lag)

f8138930 Location:

Summary Statistics: Min. 5.457414081320167E-4; Valid 193592.0; Max. 0.14557066559791565; StDev 0.03907753027164837; Mean 0.033699721050257606

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:Ys8Yf0FjZEFyKy52sJItZg==

GDP per capita

f8138930 Location:

Summary Statistics: StDev 18141.536777796773; Min. 373.7664794921875; Max. 85139.9609375; Mean 16810.753787502657; Valid 198726.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:nuKoYMOufsow4pr5oybIgw==

GDP per capita (Lag)

f8138930 Location:

Summary Statistics: Max. 74148.3203125; Min. 329.424072265625; Mean 16163.24154115922; Valid 197808.0; StDev 17279.023331918557;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:sGVH7Cf9C4z/u33+o4Abvg==

Unemployment (%)

f8138930 Location:

Summary Statistics: Mean 8.734593450984635; Min. 0.25; Valid 175827.0; Max. 30.690000534057617; StDev 6.110223322019914;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:2zkptlk3+EdqVrSS9Dixzw==

Unemployment (%) (Lag)

f8138930 Location:

Summary Statistics: Max. 29.8799991607666; StDev 6.101566483371267; Mean 8.665029673479877; Valid 174657.0; Min. 0.5799999833106995;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:1/A5ei10hgNN7kA68LC18w==

Gini coef

f8138930 Location:

Summary Statistics: Max. 0.631860613822937; Min. 0.2283623367547989; Mean 0.38932955818729875; StDev 0.10006674602424173; Valid 185749.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:jOUPy6e27SBY2KXFnAxF1Q==

Gini coef (Lag)

f8138930 Location:

Summary Statistics: Mean 0.386591203298317; StDev 0.09987417160757961; Max. 0.630172610282898; Valid 193582.0; Min. 0.22264628112316132;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:q+tIOhplZcQf4xku/6VFZA==

Quality of Democracy

f8138930 Location:

Summary Statistics: Mean 0.6344374876818121; Max. 0.892; Min. 0.176; StDev 0.18074477550287243; Valid 202952.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:a5aSzpPiYcVZIA81MYqJQQ==

Quality of Democracy (Lag)

f8138930 Location:

Summary Statistics: Max. 0.8889999985694885; Valid 202952.0; StDev 0.17841598689706234; Min. 0.27900001406669617; Mean 0.6379532301904032

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:ZTE9jB90LFBvWjXqdONg0Q==

Regime Type

f8138930 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency
0.	Closed Autocracy	1934
2.	Electoral Democracy	93807
3.	Liberal Democracy	101872
1.	Electoral Autocracy	5339

Summary Statistics: Min. 0.0; StDev 0.5982528537931008; Valid 202952.0; Max. 3.0; Mean 2.4565857936853392;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:1EKs7T51gXQHdfrompKmtA==

Regime Type (Lag)

f8138930 Location:

Summary Statistics: Min. 2.0; StDev 0.4999928091745514; Valid 202952.0; Max. 3.0; Mean 2.497097835941476

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:x7vhxqJyy3fxymd7As7Y8Q==

Equilibrated Weight

f8138930 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency	Text
-1.	Don´t know	0
-3.	Not applicable	0
-4.	Not asked in survey	0
-5.	Missing; Unknown	0
-2.	No answer	0

Summary Statistics: Max. 1.5384615384615385; Valid 202952.0; Mean 0.6808686948351067; Min. 0.24521824423737126; StDev 0.24453858790297522

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:iWZtbc8jNP+jlbj/XbmYmw==

Confidence: Parliament

f8138930 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency
-5.	Missing; Unknown	67
3.	Not very much	81200
1.	A great deal	13798
-2.	No answer	771
4.	None at all	47765
-4.	Not asked	0
-1.	Don´t know	4472
2.	Quite a lot	54879

Summary Statistics: Min. -5.0; StDev 1.08051637685404; Valid 202952.0; Max. 4.0; Mean 2.719199613701799

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:yCqs7IMtuBcaHEfFDDd2Xg==

Confidence: The Political Parties

f8138930 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency
-2.	No answer	647
3.	Not very much	91161
1.	A great deal	7759
2.	Quite a lot	38231
-5.	Missing; Unknown	81
-4.	Not asked	973
4.	None at all	60150
-1.	Don´t know	3950

Summary Statistics: Mean 2.9009962946904375; Max. 4.0; Min. -5.0; Valid 202952.0; StDev 1.1311235338899908

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:tyLYzF4pyj4+ifzzi12uEA==

Confidence: The Government

f8138930 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency
4.	None at all	39801
3.	Not very much	74069
-5.	Missing; Unknown	47
-4.	Not asked	3765
-2.	No answer	567
1.	A great deal	19438
2.	Quite a lot	62138
-1.	Don´t know	3127

Summary Statistics: Max. 4.0; Mean 2.491076707793119; Valid 202952.0; Min. -5.0; StDev 1.366231202286658

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:iWznxn9dbqZmdlFhBwV+og==

Other Study-Related Materials

Label:

analysis_support_for_a_strong_leader_or_democracy.do

Notes:

application/x-stata-syntax

Other Study-Related Materials

Label:

mkdata_support_for_a_strong_leader_or_democracy.do

Notes:

application/x-stata-syntax