Replication Data for: Making time to be informed: The child penalty in political news consumption (doi:10.7910/DVN/FZQWZX)

View:

Part 1: Document Description
Part 2: Study Description
Part 3: Data Files Description
Part 4: Variable Description
Part 5: Other Study-Related Materials
Entire Codebook

Document Description

Citation

Title:

Replication Data for: Making time to be informed: The child penalty in political news consumption

Identification Number:

doi:10.7910/DVN/FZQWZX

Distributor:

Harvard Dataverse

Date of Distribution:

2025-03-28

Version:

1

Bibliographic Citation:

García-Albacete, Gema; Ferrín, Mónica; Sánchez-Vítores, Irene, 2025, "Replication Data for: Making time to be informed: The child penalty in political news consumption", https://doi.org/10.7910/DVN/FZQWZX, Harvard Dataverse, V1, UNF:6:YkPwiEZcLPRQW18/R8S8XA== [fileUNF]

Study Description

Citation

Title:

Replication Data for: Making time to be informed: The child penalty in political news consumption

Identification Number:

doi:10.7910/DVN/FZQWZX

Authoring Entity:

García-Albacete, Gema (University Carlos III of Madrid)

Ferrín, Mónica (Universidade Da Coruña)

Sánchez-Vítores, Irene (Universidad Rey Juan Carlos)

Distributor:

Harvard Dataverse

Access Authority:

García-Albacete, Gema

Depositor:

GARCIA ALBACETE, GEMA MARIA

Date of Deposit:

2025-03-12

Holdings Information:

https://doi.org/10.7910/DVN/FZQWZX

Study Scope

Keywords:

Social Sciences, child penalty, media consumption, political news, gender gap

Abstract:

Women consume less media than men and avoid political news to a greater extent. This gap in media consumption is often linked to women’s lack of time when combining careers with children. One recent study has captured the ‘child penalty’ for women, but the dynamics relating childcare to less news consumption remain unexplored. We propose four potential dynamics: a threshold effect, a short-term effect, an extra burden, and a ‘building-up’ effect. Fixed effects’ analysis of the Dutch LISS panel data shows an immediate ‘child penalty’ on women's political media consumption. There is an additional cumulative effect as infants grow. This ‘building-up effect’ is also apparent for men when children are in their teens. Results suggest a change of habits to online news. Finally, we find no support for the hypothesis of an extra burden dynamic as having a child has the same toll for women with and without paid employment.

Methodology and Processing

Sources Statement

Data Access

Other Study Description Materials

File Description--f10983263

File: ESS10-ESS10SC-subset.tab

  • Number of cases: 59685

  • No. of variables per record: 6

  • Type of File: text/tab-separated-values

Notes:

UNF:6:Sgn/tisOgYQCGANIoOyhMQ==

ESS 10th wave subset dataset used as contextual information

File Description--f10983264

File: reuters2013-2022.tab

  • Number of cases: 578594

  • No. of variables per record: 13

  • Type of File: text/tab-separated-values

Notes:

UNF:6:wzxoxG4Egg+zJeSIY/kmtg==

Contextual information from Reuters Institute, evolution over time

File Description--f10983265

File: reuters2023.tab

  • Number of cases: 95097

  • No. of variables per record: 17

  • Type of File: text/tab-separated-values

Notes:

UNF:6:2Qy0JpVPQU8j0QoZTL+Knw==

Contextual information from the Reuters Institute for 2023

Variable Description

List of Variables:
  • cntry - Country
  • nwspol - News about politics and current affairs, watching, reading or listening, in minu
  • polintr - How interested in politics
  • gndr - Gender
  • agea - Age of respondent, calculated
  • eduyrs - Years of full-time education completed
  • country
  • gender_int - Which gender
  • age_int - what age?
  • q301 - Television news bulletins or programmes
  • q302 - 24 hour news television channels
  • q303 - Radio news programmes or bulletins
  • q304 - Printed newspapers
  • q306 - Websites/apps of newspapers
  • q310 - Social media
  • q4 - You say you’ve used these sources of news in the last week , which would you s
  • year
  • q1b_new - Typically, how often do you access news ?By news we mean national, international
  • hh_income - Household Income
  • country - Which country?
  • gender_int - Which gender
  • age_int - what age?
  • hh_income - Household Income
  • q1b_new - Typically, how often do you access news?By news we mean national, international,
  • q301 - Television news bulletins or programmes
  • q302 - 24 hour news television channels
  • q303 - Radio news programmes or bulletins
  • q304 - Printed Newspapers
  • q305 - Printed Magazines
  • q306 - Websites/apps of Newspapers
  • q307 - Websites/apps of news magazines
  • q308 - Websites/apps of TV and Radio companies
  • q309 - Websites/apps of other news outlets
  • q310 - Social media
  • q313 - None of these
  • q4 - You say you’ve used these sources of news in the last week, which would you sa

Variables

Country

f10983263 Location:

Variable Format: character

Notes: UNF:6:k6N4CcT4NR2Pp4Pn7VOsmg==

News about politics and current affairs, watching, reading or listening, in minu

f10983263 Location:

Value

Label

Frequency

Text

2147483622.

Refusal

0

2147483624.

No answer

0

2147483623.

Don't know

0

Summary Statistics: Max. 1440.0; Valid 58437.0; Min. 0.0; Mean 88.77539914780232; StDev 123.35606381643794;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:XdhHnPA8eq2bDaieg1pxUA==

How interested in politics

f10983263 Location:

Value

Label

Frequency

Text

2147483622.

Refusal

0

3.

Hardly interested

21354

2147483623.

Don't know

0

2147483624.

No answer

0

2.

Quite interested

20857

4.

Not at all interested

10634

1.

Very interested

6664

Summary Statistics: Valid 59509.0; Mean 2.6042447360902483; Min. 1.0; Max. 4.0; StDev 0.9058169045845346;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:geATOn0ObIKeVVXPRpmaEw==

Gender

f10983263 Location:

Value

Label

Frequency

Text

2147483622.

No answer

0

1.

Male

27765

2.

Female

31285

Summary Statistics: Valid 59050.0; Max. 2.0; Mean 1.5298052497883121; StDev 0.49911508273399136; Min. 1.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:HzZTHiGhXIgZ+WgAcBEB3A==

Age of respondent, calculated

f10983263 Location:

Value

Label

Frequency

Text

2147483622.

Not available

0

Summary Statistics: Min. 15.0; StDev 18.55325196623045; Valid 58347.0; Max. 90.0; Mean 50.472432173033816

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:0L2tEr3Hs3i53T1FGxn4Lw==

Years of full-time education completed

f10983263 Location:

Value

Label

Frequency

Text

2147483624.

No answer

0

2147483622.

Refusal

0

2147483623.

Don't know

0

Summary Statistics: Max. 76.0; Mean 13.291546825675198; Valid 57020.0; StDev 4.208739381446138; Min. 0.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:CUyPPqPJikknh/h0LNi1rw==

country

f10983264 Location:

Value

Label

Frequency

Text

19.

Belgium - Flemish

7388

22.

Norway

14145

192.

Belgium - French

7274

14.

Czech Republic

14082

23.

Sweden

14234

4.

Germany

16217

26.

Republic of Korea

14530

8.

Spain

15206

17.

Austria

14029

24.

Switzerland - German

9881

242.

Switzerland - French

7086

12.

Ireland

14078

7.

Italy

16254

6.

Finland

16209

15.

Turkey

14301

2.

US

16917

25.

Canada - English

10934

5.

Denmark

16202

1.

UK

16818

9.

Japan

16283

13.

Poland

14053

11.

Australia

14264

20.

Greece

14106

10.

Brazil

15633

3.

France

16345

252.

Canada - French

7111

18.

Netherlands

14071

16.

Portugal

14167

21.

Hungary

14128

Summary Statistics: Max. 422.0; Valid 567181.0; Min. 1.0; StDev 53.57700707789035; Mean 31.38820059206762

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:OhTPW5rT3dHr91JL+YkTiw==

Which gender

f10983264 Location:

Value

Label

Frequency

Text

1.

Male

267089

2.

Female

281233

Summary Statistics: Valid 548322.0; Mean 1.5128975310127997; StDev 0.49983408180097993; Max. 2.0; Min. 1.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:hdSHokkudStuguYXnTvNnQ==

what age?

f10983264 Location:

Summary Statistics: Min. 18.0; Max. 100.0; StDev 15.888756348429393; Mean 45.499243145452304; Valid 548322.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:tsfE3BaK/daxAtuzCT3RLQ==

Television news bulletins or programmes

f10983264 Location:

Value

Label

Frequency

Text

1.

Yes

317776

0.

No

247208

Summary Statistics: Valid 564984.0; StDev 0.49608493976653345; Max. 1.0; Mean 0.5624513260550892; Min. 0.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:y+8S/wMY+wyUIDMca20oeA==

24 hour news television channels

f10983264 Location:

Value

Label

Frequency

Text

1.

Yes

213611

0.

No

351373

Summary Statistics: StDev 0.4849089892922035; Mean 0.3780832731546596; Valid 564984.0; Max. 1.0; Min. 0.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:UzVvvQZtxpvG2kc0uT9coQ==

Radio news programmes or bulletins

f10983264 Location:

Value

Label

Frequency

Text

1.

Yes

174884

0.

No

390100

Summary Statistics: StDev 0.46230357246822645; Valid 564984.0; Min. 0.0; Max. 1.0; Mean 0.309537969216883;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:Z88ztwHk1geSTWxiD2jEJg==

Printed newspapers

f10983264 Location:

Value

Label

Frequency

Text

0.

No

405089

1.

Yes

159895

Summary Statistics: Valid 564984.0; Mean 0.28300801438611256; Min. 0.0; Max. 1.0; StDev 0.45046069454587867;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:L6amch3rawZh8UkHXf6shA==

Websites/apps of newspapers

f10983264 Location:

Value

Label

Frequency

Text

1.

Yes

219497

0.

No

345487

Summary Statistics: Min. 0.0; Valid 564984.0; StDev 0.4874099435728363; Max. 1.0; Mean 0.3885012672924039

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:Dqpqd/+ntpUVNvO7SDl2pA==

Social media

f10983264 Location:

Value

Label

Frequency

Text

0.

No

260053

1.

Yes

304931

Summary Statistics: Mean 0.5397161689534933; Max. 1.0; Min. 0.0; Valid 564984.0; StDev 0.4984205710287913

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:u8ubi9VvFPEc+WmepPnI6Q==

You say you’ve used these sources of news in the last week , which would you s

f10983264 Location:

Value

Label

Frequency

Text

5.

Printed Magazines

4204

11.

Blogs

1966

10.

Social media

97061

4.

Printed Newspapers

31953

3.

Radio news programmes or bulletins

33090

9.

Websites/apps of other news outlets

42626

2.

24 hour news television channels

71684

7.

Websites/apps of news magazines

9990

6.

Websites/apps of Newspapers

66150

1.

Television news bulletins or programmes

142660

995.

Other

2404

8.

Websites/apps of TV and Radio companies

38165

Summary Statistics: StDev 65.89456088602836; Valid 542280.0; Max. 995.0; Mean 9.406129674678262; Min. 1.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:gGueoGQ1l2r5BZ9vYoqFSA==

year

f10983264 Location:

Summary Statistics: Max. 2022.0; StDev 2.293024023901969; Mean 2019.004671669589; Valid 578594.0; Min. 2013.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:5VPjoD5LMMuLk4LW2KNSMg==

Typically, how often do you access news ?By news we mean national, international

f10983264 Location:

Value

Label

Frequency

Text

3.

Between 2 and 5 times a day

192057

1.

More than 10 times a day

63813

10.

Never

2821

8.

Less often than once a week

8275

2.

Between 6 and 10 times a day

63838

998.

Don't know

7708

4.

Once a day

105479

7.

Once a week

10529

9.

Less often than once a month

2217

6.

2-3 days a week

20258

5.

4-6 days a week

16761

Summary Statistics: Valid 493756.0; Min. 1.0; Max. 998.0; StDev 123.32330580884742; Mean 18.785754502221234

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:RYMo+riUDXmBEurPfQ9Waw==

Household Income

f10983264 Location:

Value

Label

Frequency

Text

3.

High

94821

2.

Medium

174988

1.

Low

94682

Summary Statistics: Valid 364491.0; Min. 1.0; Mean 2.0003813537233968; StDev 0.7210496580527131; Max. 3.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:xpsMwxZ3Wjd7oTwW+2+2bQ==

Which country?

f10983265 Location:

Value

Label

Frequency

Text

31.

Romania

2107

28.

Malaysia

967

7.

Italy

2106

999.

Reference Script

0

27.

Taiwan

2037

192.

Belgium - French

1054

42.

India

1781

32.

Slovakia

2093

392.

Kenya - Swahili

33

21.

Hungary

2000

38.

South Africa

2013

44.

Nigeria

2025

9.

Japan

2009

36.

Argentina

2014

19.

Belgium

1171

18.

Netherlands

2022

4.

Germany

2012

13.

Poland

2030

422.

India - Hindi

235

43.

Indonesia

2012

46.

Thailand

2028

14.

Czech Republic

2047

29.

Singapore

2025

252.

Canada - French

1066

11.

Australia

2025

99999.

Reference Script

0

6.

Finland

2027

37.

Bulgaria

2027

26.

Republic of Korea

2003

8.

Spain

2031

24.

Switzerland

1478

25.

Canada

1595

242.

Switzerland - French

1050

3.

France

2078

40.

Philippines

2039

5.

Denmark

2033

16.

Portugal

2010

23.

Sweden

2034

30.

Hong Kong - Traditional Chinese

2023

41.

Colombia

2036

35.

Chile

2013

12.

Ireland

2035

17.

Austria

2029

10.

Brazil

2047

1.

UK

2107

33.

Croatia

2024

402.

Philippines - Tagalog

245

22.

Norway

2022

282.

Malaysia - English

1048

2.

US

2081

15.

Turkey

2016

45.

Peru

2010

20.

Greece

2023

39.

Kenya

1992

34.

Mexico

2029

Summary Statistics: Max. 422.0; Min. 1.0; Mean 35.153327654912346; Valid 95097.0; StDev 54.852983582234636

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:yonBDDgD6YX4PwaXFEb/TA==

Which gender

f10983265 Location:

Value

Label

Frequency

Text

1.

Male

46530

2.

Female

48567

Summary Statistics: Valid 95097.0; Max. 2.0; StDev 0.49988790854461346; Min. 1.0; Mean 1.5107101170383872

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:XnR4Li0G9Upq9OlQcPjYFA==

what age?

f10983265 Location:

Summary Statistics: Max. 99.0; Valid 95097.0; StDev 16.172437443713804; Mean 45.725764219692415; Min. 18.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:ZV/adeyYN0JhQ5hlcpzgYw==

Household Income

f10983265 Location:

Value

Label

Frequency

Text

2.

Medium

37936

3.

High

21599

1.

Low

23018

Summary Statistics: Max. 3.0; StDev 0.7349666635822604; Mean 1.9828110426029735; Valid 82553.0; Min. 1.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:f2IbbR+GY3nVu2aJtsJqjQ==

Typically, how often do you access news?By news we mean national, international,

f10983265 Location:

Value

Label

Frequency

Text

4.

Once a day

20548

5.

4-6 days a week

3279

8.

Less often than once a week

1892

7.

Once a week

2399

9.

Less often than once a month

1452

10.

Never

1791

6.

2-3 days a week

4066

3.

Between 2 and 5 times a day

33854

2.

Between 6 and 10 times a day

11854

1.

More than 10 times a day

12133

998.

Don't know

1829

Summary Statistics: Mean 22.59414071947546; StDev 136.60584823379003; Valid 95097.0; Max. 998.0; Min. 1.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:8wvy+joJevWzc0KtPzfGkg==

Television news bulletins or programmes

f10983265 Location:

Value

Label

Frequency

Text

1.

Yes

42202

0.

No

52895

Summary Statistics: Max. 1.0; Valid 95097.0; Min. 0.0; Mean 0.4437784577852286; StDev 0.4968316957225294

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:9E1ixFHvinhZOOtazFbviw==

24 hour news television channels

f10983265 Location:

Value

Label

Frequency

Text

1.

Yes

29217

0.

No

65880

Summary Statistics: Valid 95097.0; StDev 0.46134951924629425; Mean 0.3072336666771793; Min. 0.0; Max. 1.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:Qj2lt6GZ75y1QNn3BERgOA==

Radio news programmes or bulletins

f10983265 Location:

Value

Label

Frequency

Text

0.

No

72265

1.

Yes

22832

Summary Statistics: Mean 0.24009169584739876; StDev 0.42714118508437204; Max. 1.0; Min. 0.0; Valid 95097.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:ZhP3eD/CeXLuqtI0QUHk+w==

Printed Newspapers

f10983265 Location:

Value

Label

Frequency

Text

1.

Yes

17157

0.

No

77940

Summary Statistics: Valid 95097.0; StDev 0.3845354145798748; Mean 0.1804157859869325; Min. 0.0; Max. 1.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:OPIIMA69QQJJvB4EQBx+Qg==

Printed Magazines

f10983265 Location:

Value

Label

Frequency

Text

0.

No

89581

1.

Yes

5516

Summary Statistics: StDev 0.2337521148030314; Mean 0.05800393282648287; Max. 1.0; Valid 95097.0; Min. 0.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:h89OIWCTqte89ViaNPqZjQ==

Websites/apps of Newspapers

f10983265 Location:

Value

Label

Frequency

Text

0.

No

64738

1.

Yes

30359

Summary Statistics: Min. 0.0; StDev 0.4661855813328085; Max. 1.0; Valid 95097.0; Mean 0.31924245770108556

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:MpRhP4k7kqBU3uPbmMpjPg==

Websites/apps of news magazines

f10983265 Location:

Value

Label

Frequency

Text

0.

No

83075

1.

Yes

12022

Summary Statistics: Max. 1.0; Mean 0.12641828869469457; Min. 0.0; Valid 95097.0; StDev 0.3323219317113401;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:65ZOBja+k8xB9xmpH9SJgw==

Websites/apps of TV and Radio companies

f10983265 Location:

Value

Label

Frequency

Text

0.

No

66787

1.

Yes

28310

Summary Statistics: Valid 95097.0; StDev 0.4572475314006931; Mean 0.2976960366783427; Max. 1.0; Min. 0.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:vKwTv2aJcjRxgMuWF4Txlw==

Websites/apps of other news outlets

f10983265 Location:

Value

Label

Frequency

Text

1.

Yes

23359

0.

No

71738

Summary Statistics: Valid 95097.0; Mean 0.24563340589084162; Max. 1.0; StDev 0.43046438218923777; Min. 0.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:iLwbNVxHescY+XIyMByhRw==

Social media

f10983265 Location:

Value

Label

Frequency

Text

0.

No

44956

1.

Yes

50141

Summary Statistics: StDev 0.49925887492772514; Valid 95097.0; Min. 0.0; Mean 0.5272616381169275; Max. 1.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:ZQ0PvH+jH83M6xhVapyS8g==

None of these

f10983265 Location:

Value

Label

Frequency

Text

0.

No

90072

1.

Yes

5025

Summary Statistics: StDev 0.2237166992049573; Valid 95097.0; Mean 0.052840783620943355; Max. 1.0; Min. 0.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:+brtVRWnHFwWamIwVQlqPQ==

You say you’ve used these sources of news in the last week, which would you sa

f10983265 Location:

Value

Label

Frequency

Text

3.

Radio news programmes or bulletins

5131

11.

Blogs

0

4.

Printed Newspapers

3700

8.

Websites/apps of TV and Radio companies

7147

10.

Social media

22537

7.

Websites/apps of news magazines

1731

12.

Online communities

0

1.

Television news bulletins or programmes

20937

9.

Websites/apps of other news outlets

7181

5.

Printed Magazines

749

2.

24 hour news television channels

11075

6.

Websites/apps of Newspapers

9884

Summary Statistics: StDev 3.6433455113040982; Min. 1.0; Valid 90072.0; Max. 10.0; Mean 5.502498001598719

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:T875/+aRnB+XJICS7eAqNw==

Other Study-Related Materials

Label:

GENPOL-media_merger.do

Text:

LISS dataset build and merge instructions (1/3)

Notes:

application/x-stata-syntax

Other Study-Related Materials

Label:

GENPOL-media_recodes.do

Text:

LISS dataset recodes and data preparation (2/3)

Notes:

application/x-stata-syntax

Other Study-Related Materials

Label:

GENPOL_media_analyses.do

Text:

Main analyses syntax (3/3)

Notes:

application/x-stata-syntax

Other Study-Related Materials

Label:

Readme_making time.pdf

Notes:

application/pdf