Replication Data for: Demanding Violence, Punishing Peace: Support for Party Violence in India (doi:10.7910/DVN/G82AU0)

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Part 2: Study Description
Part 3: Data Files Description
Part 4: Variable Description
Part 5: Other Study-Related Materials
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Replication Data for: Demanding Violence, Punishing Peace: Support for Party Violence in India

doi:10.7910/DVN/G82AU0

Harvard Dataverse

2025-03-07

1

Ursula Daxecker; Neeraj Prasad, 2025, "Replication Data for: Demanding Violence, Punishing Peace: Support for Party Violence in India", https://doi.org/10.7910/DVN/G82AU0, Harvard Dataverse, V1, UNF:6:KlmULUS7UXm6do3SL5kzfw== [fileUNF]

Replication Data for: Demanding Violence, Punishing Peace: Support for Party Violence in India

doi:10.7910/DVN/G82AU0

Ursula Daxecker (University of Amsterdam)

Neeraj Prasad (University of Amsterdam)

Harvard Dataverse

The Journal of Politics Dataverse

Prasad, Neeraj

Prasad, Neeraj

2025-02-14

https://doi.org/10.7910/DVN/G82AU0

Social Sciences, Party violence; support for violence; legitimization; South Asia

Some studies show that voters punish parties for violence, while others find that violence can benefit politicians. We argue that core and swing voters support rather than punish violence by co-partisans under some conditions. Parties aim to benefit from violence by portraying it as a response to a threat, provocation, or injustice by an out-group or rival party. Once legitimized by politicians, voters support violence by co-partisans and punish them for peaceful responses. We test our argument with pre-registered vignette experiments in a representative survey during the 2022 elections in Uttar Pradesh, India. Our findings support expectations; respondents are more likely to support violence and approve of parties involved in it when it is legitimized. These effects are driven by Hindus as the majority group, in particular core supporters of the incumbent party. Our study establishes the micro-foundations of support for violence in democracies.

• Number of cases: 4783

• No. of variables per record: 27

• Type of File: text/tab-separated-values

UNF:6:KlmULUS7UXm6do3SL5kzfw==

Data File

• legitimize - Legitimization
• response - Response
• legitimize2 - Legitimization
• response2
• y_v1 - Approve Violence
• y_v2 - Approve Violence
• y_p1 - Approve Party Violence
• y_p2 - Approve Party Violence
• y_rv
• y_rp
• y_rnrp
• r_typeA
• r_typeB
• y_r_VoverP
• y_r_VoverNR
• vote_bjp
• vote_sp
• resp_hindu - Hindu
• resp_muslim - Muslim
• resp_sc - Scheduled Caste
• resp_sc_jatav - Jatav SC
• resp_sc_njatav - non-Jatav SC
• resp_gen - Forward Caste
• resp_obc_yadav - Yadav OBC
• resp_obc_nyadav - Non-Yadav OBC
• age - Age
• female

f10886290 Location:

Summary Statistics: Mean 0.487141961112273; Valid 4783.0; StDev 0.49988690285280063; Max. 1.0; Min. 0.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:+sPZHsodKoGASr6jgAZwvQ==

f10886290 Location:

Summary Statistics: Min. 0.0; Mean 0.49717750365879215; Max. 1.0; StDev 0.5000443092661532; Valid 4783.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:7Lycwbm7/Ui08kizl6TNCw==

f10886290 Location:

Summary Statistics: Mean 0.5047041605686624; Max. 1.0; Min. 0.0; Valid 4783.0; StDev 0.5000301447180623

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:7Q3nXeWgsMq2odofTlqqJw==

f10886290 Location:

Summary Statistics: Mean 0.4873510349153278; Min. 0.0; Valid 4783.0; StDev 0.4998922379926081; Max. 1.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:shQSfAp6MPOJ+BnyD/YR9g==

f10886290 Location:

Summary Statistics: Mean 0.310493252675665; Valid 4298.0; Max. 1.0; Min. -1.0; StDev 0.6969792119902617;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:U6ud8PU50hnqM6HpR9Gvmw==

f10886290 Location:

Summary Statistics: Min. -1.0; StDev 0.7226054994168734; Mean 0.3184247211895907; Valid 4304.0; Max. 1.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:Axz1/jH0qti8bNe6G/lcVw==

f10886290 Location:

Summary Statistics: StDev 0.7179877693355947; Max. 1.0; Mean 0.229955844759472; Min. -1.0; Valid 4303.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:VjRi8dG5liTVCWics8PdNQ==

f10886290 Location:

Summary Statistics: Min. -1.0; Max. 1.0; Mean 0.376808212785814; StDev 0.697462434441088; Valid 4286.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:xXV1JILP6is+4X2NPMhfxg==

f10886290 Location:

Summary Statistics: Min. -1.0; Valid 4418.0; StDev 0.7152122984585141; Max. 1.0; Mean 0.32401539157990034;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:GBP1TPAACy/yR9CA9jE0IQ==

f10886290 Location:

Summary Statistics: Min. -1.0; Mean 0.29102795311091034; StDev 0.6933055492077886; Valid 4436.0; Max. 1.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:isVDCNcpac45RH7rBlTnzQ==

f10886290 Location:

Summary Statistics: StDev 0.7270720449753512; Min. -1.0; Max. 1.0; Mean 0.2429864253393679; Valid 4420.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:DnbGbkMm8uwFH9VDzPVyUg==

f10886290 Location:

Summary Statistics: Min. 0.0; Valid 4783.0; StDev 0.5000356532011146; Mean 0.4959230608404768; Max. 1.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:hzTxVLSzyLli2OTWlzgzAA==

f10886290 Location:

Summary Statistics: Valid 4783.0; Min. 0.0; StDev 0.5000356532011146; Mean 0.5040769391595232; Max. 1.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:yvi5ssXWcdrfeVhlY2uzag==

f10886290 Location:

Summary Statistics: Min. -2.0; Mean 0.0327510917030575; StDev 0.8989883163717741; Valid 4351.0; Max. 2.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:wsfQg4oCKiVRQVTG91drMw==

f10886290 Location:

Summary Statistics: Min. -2.0; Max. 2.0; Mean 0.08010215927559836; Valid 4307.0; StDev 0.7721590656277977

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:RDH3xv2LG9cfqAGFn0NxTw==

f10886290 Location:

Summary Statistics: Valid 4783.0; Max. 1.0; Min. 0.0; StDev 0.4929902845759966; Mean 0.41626594187748606;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:NhZrvGCPrDoQ+4JRizbrhw==

f10886290 Location:

Summary Statistics: StDev 0.46924020353695184; Max. 1.0; Min. 0.0; Mean 0.3272005017771269; Valid 4783.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:N5JBGPznMQtXc75TmD0HIg==

f10886290 Location:

Summary Statistics: Max. 1.0; Mean 0.8070248797825555; StDev 0.39467491719559245; Min. 0.0; Valid 4783.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:oNWQ+JEcsbuGRnAnrQk0bQ==

f10886290 Location:

Summary Statistics: Valid 4783.0; Mean 0.17604014217018368; Max. 1.0; StDev 0.3808941362294085; Min. 0.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:csN3SKob7LN5rlQIUr3tOQ==

f10886290 Location:

Summary Statistics: Min. 0.0; Max. 1.0; Mean 0.21618231235625804; StDev 0.41168307546757277; Valid 4783.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:7BH7wXFBe5WB6SaXq9pRfQ==

f10886290 Location:

Summary Statistics: StDev 0.33125663141364226; Max. 1.0; Mean 0.12544428183148518; Valid 4783.0; Min. 0.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:v1hBd9FyUd+K6It84zDiuw==

f10886290 Location:

Summary Statistics: Max. 1.0; Valid 4783.0; StDev 0.2872662415032028; Min. 0.0; Mean 0.09073803052477494;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:+L58a9VD1WXybaSoaXo+wg==

f10886290 Location:

Summary Statistics: Max. 1.0; Valid 4783.0; Min. 0.0; StDev 0.3988450295157807; Mean 0.19841103909679716;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:yV7ZOmgLHF7lKRpQHZssSQ==

f10886290 Location:

Summary Statistics: Valid 4783.0; Min. 0.0; Mean 0.11582688689107366; StDev 0.32005067583583047; Max. 1.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:jwNnfwLIZj0NWdaq0LUPnQ==

f10886290 Location:

Summary Statistics: Min. 0.0; Max. 1.0; StDev 0.4461041134047145; Mean 0.27409575580180023; Valid 4783.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:HB61AxtbOOLgXteMZbMaqA==

f10886290 Location:

Summary Statistics: Valid 4783.0; Mean 3.6654892717971976; Min. 2.890371799468994; Max. 4.584967613220215; StDev 0.33258817851194117;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:AvXrKL71uuS/Q5Ykv2UcNw==

f10886290 Location:

Summary Statistics: Valid 4783.0; Min. 0.0; Max. 1.0; Mean 0.4628893999581855; StDev 0.4986730339106076

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:iH4wZSr9Nzepsgyt6z3gkA==

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Codebook for Daxecker and Prasad UP Violence.pdf

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