Replication Data for: Countering Misperceptions to Reduce Prejudice: An Experiment on Attitudes toward Muslim Americans (doi:10.7910/DVN/GKW5Q5)

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Part 1: Document Description
Part 2: Study Description
Part 3: Data Files Description
Part 4: Variable Description
Part 5: Other Study-Related Materials
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Replication Data for: Countering Misperceptions to Reduce Prejudice: An Experiment on Attitudes toward Muslim Americans

doi:10.7910/DVN/GKW5Q5

Harvard Dataverse

2019-05-29

1

Williamson, Scott, 2019, "Replication Data for: Countering Misperceptions to Reduce Prejudice: An Experiment on Attitudes toward Muslim Americans", https://doi.org/10.7910/DVN/GKW5Q5, Harvard Dataverse, V1, UNF:6:tExUx2oDwvPE19R9C4oGJg== [fileUNF]

Replication Data for: Countering Misperceptions to Reduce Prejudice: An Experiment on Attitudes toward Muslim Americans

doi:10.7910/DVN/GKW5Q5

Williamson, Scott (Stanford University)

Harvard Dataverse

Williamson, Scott

Williamson, Scott

2019-04-09

https://doi.org/10.7910/DVN/GKW5Q5

Social Sciences, Prejudice Reduction, Muslim Americans, Stereotypes

Muslim Americans constitute one of the United States' most vulnerable minority groups, facing frequent discrimination from both the public and the government. Despite this vulnerability, few studies evaluate interventions for reducing prejudice against Muslim Americans. Building from an insightful literature on the sources of prejudice against Muslim Americans, this paper tests whether attitudes can be improved with information countering misperceptions of the community as particularly foreign, threatening, and disloyal to the United States. The experimental treatment modestly improved attitudes, including among some subgroups predisposed to prejudice against Muslim Americans. However, the treatment struggled to change policy views, and it demonstrated some vulnerability to social desirability bias and priming on terrorism threats. The findings suggest that information campaigns addressing misperceptions can be of some use for reducing prejudice, but primarily in less politicized contexts.

<a href="http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0">CC0 1.0</a>

• Number of cases: 5

• No. of variables per record: 2

• Type of File: text/tab-separated-values

UNF:6:w98BWdefpenvGCbCslJwoA==

Contains eigenvalues from PCA analysis for scree plot.

• Number of cases: 18

• No. of variables per record: 6

• Type of File: text/tab-separated-values

UNF:6:lBgRm/vukP2X6PwXe2QDig==

Contains results for treatment interaction with age for interaction plot (Figure 3).

• Number of cases: 18

• No. of variables per record: 6

• Type of File: text/tab-separated-values

UNF:6:5Rt4D1GfesO3Ejt6rCXRWQ==

Contains results for treatment interaction with not knowing Muslims for interaction plot (Figure 3).

• Number of cases: 18

• No. of variables per record: 6

• Type of File: text/tab-separated-values

UNF:6:/jBY5tGwlIBbKzaaz0b29w==

Contains results for treatment interaction with Republican identity for interaction plot (Figure 3).

• Number of cases: 18

• No. of variables per record: 6

• Type of File: text/tab-separated-values

UNF:6:IhBxQ/BWWanK0YPlRz22Nw==

Contains results for treatment interaction with white ethnic identity for interaction plot (Figure 3).

• Number of cases: 3826

• No. of variables per record: 32

• Type of File: text/tab-separated-values

UNF:6:HIozwDun//z0ZXMXMJpv9Q==

The full dataset used for the primary analysis.

• Number of cases: 18

• No. of variables per record: 6

• Type of File: text/tab-separated-values

UNF:6:y7PtWU6/hFccdUBdeUT4Lw==

Results from social desirability robustness check used to create Figure 2 in the paper.

• Number of cases: 18

• No. of variables per record: 6

• Type of File: text/tab-separated-values

UNF:6:eDPYqH5CMkeHnpsviLTMww==

Results from terrorism prime robustness check used to create Figure 2 in the paper.

• Number of cases: 3368

• No. of variables per record: 7

• Type of File: text/tab-separated-values

UNF:6:FWjI2c+Yp5yPdg6eEoR3Jw==

Results from the main effects analysis used to create Figure 1 in the paper.

• Component - Component
• Eigenvalue - Eigenvalue
• term - term
• estimate - estimate
• std.error - std.error
• statistic - statistic
• p.value - p.value
• model - model
• term - term
• estimate - estimate
• std.error - std.error
• statistic - statistic
• p.value - p.value
• model - model
• term - term
• estimate - estimate
• std.error - std.error
• statistic - statistic
• p.value - p.value
• model - model
• term - term
• estimate - estimate
• std.error - std.error
• statistic - statistic
• p.value - p.value
• model - model
• startdate - StartDate
• enddate - EndDate
• terrorism - Terrorism
• treatment_srw - Treatment_SRW
• srw_prejudice_h - srw_prejudice_H
• srw_base_info_h_1 - srw_base_info_H_1
• srw_base_info_h_2 - srw_base_info_H_2
• srw_base_info_h_3 - srw_base_info_H_3
• srw_base_info_h_4 - srw_base_info_H_4
• srw_shame_info_h_1 - srw_shame_info_H_1
• srw_shame_info_h_2 - srw_shame_info_H_2
• srw_shame_info_h_3 - srw_shame_info_H_3
• srw_shame_info_h_4 - srw_shame_info_H_4
• srw_therm_1_h_1 - srw_therm_1_H_1
• srw_therm_2_h_1 - srw_therm_2_H_1
• srw_patriotism - srw_patriotism_H
• srw_policy_h_1 - srw_policy_H_1
• srw_policy_h_2 - srw_policy_H_2
• srw_policy_h_3 - srw_policy_H_3
• srw_muslim - srw_muslim_H
• birthyr
• gender
• race
• race_text - race_TEXT
• education
• ideology
• newsint
• pid_main
• pid_dem
• pid_rep
• duration - Duration
• survey - Survey
• term - term
• estimate - estimate
• std.error - std.error
• statistic - statistic
• p.value - p.value
• model - model
• term - term
• estimate - estimate
• std.error - std.error
• statistic - statistic
• p.value - p.value
• model - model
• information - information
• therm - therm
• patriotism - patriotism
• surveillance - surveillance
• refugee_ban - refugee_ban
• registration - registration
• pca_attitudes - pca_attitudes

f3404684 Location:

Summary Statistics: Mean 3.0; Max. 5.0; StDev 1.5811388300841898; Min. 1.0; Valid 5.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:zetKKa8vNPES38aPJMHrFA==

f3404684 Location:

Summary Statistics: Mean 1.0002; Max. 3.122; Valid 5.0; Min. 0.293; StDev 1.1966955335422624;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:PcdEr9GoR6/ps0udy9RgJg==

f3404685 Location:

Variable Format: character

Notes: UNF:6:YPgj/9M6zeOIcrcLgccnPQ==

f3404685 Location:

Summary Statistics: Max. 4.482; Valid 18.0; StDev 1.4776199253498343; Min. -1.916; Mean 0.4290555555555556

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:ZaNU5t4K9zB3aYMACGqvGA==

f3404685 Location:

Summary Statistics: Mean 0.3477222222222222; Max. 2.21; StDev 0.6699815454487013; Valid 18.0; Min. 0.02

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:5A595fviicFfmwn19Eaanw==

f3404685 Location:

Summary Statistics: Min. -1.02; StDev 1.4551482865837806; Max. 3.49; Mean 1.0472222222222223; Valid 18.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:K6SzRuxw4zX78zs7ZTOw8A==

f3404685 Location:

Summary Statistics: Valid 18.0; Mean 0.32466666666666666; Max. 0.98; Min. 0.0; StDev 0.36125321085485346;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:gnMBaj8roufCJAZFycMu7A==

f3404685 Location:

Variable Format: character

Notes: UNF:6:s0vqQegeYOpMk9ErRNiwag==

f3404687 Location:

Variable Format: character

Notes: UNF:6:YPgj/9M6zeOIcrcLgccnPQ==

f3404687 Location:

Summary Statistics: Min. -10.238; StDev 2.74122143711891; Valid 18.0; Mean -0.32455555555555554; Max. 4.911

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:NEMOP/bGbmJxloCc4hhueg==

f3404687 Location:

Summary Statistics: Min. 0.024; Max. 1.991; Valid 18.0; StDev 0.6445273512706405; Mean 0.3437222222222222;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:FIJvhGwmtD0KUzHxIe3A9g==

f3404687 Location:

Summary Statistics: Min. -5.98; Mean -0.7461111111111111; StDev 2.827270849691684; Valid 18.0; Max. 3.3

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:Py1+YLF3quNnT8IdSFymWw==

f3404687 Location:

Summary Statistics: StDev 0.38477544593028495; Mean 0.33244444444444443; Valid 18.0; Max. 0.991; Min. 0.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:Eg7JAo5sJFH2am2TqJCdVA==

f3404687 Location:

Variable Format: character

Notes: UNF:6:g2a4QxqVWz9cN5YnIrcg4w==

f3404686 Location:

Variable Format: character

Notes: UNF:6:YPgj/9M6zeOIcrcLgccnPQ==

f3404686 Location:

Summary Statistics: Min. -9.271; Valid 18.0; StDev 2.5564651580991997; Mean -0.35811111111111116; Max. 5.08;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:/ZygiLkduFZGmZnQEUkBdQ==

f3404686 Location:

Summary Statistics: Mean 0.36344444444444446; Valid 18.0; Min. 0.019; StDev 0.7114348568601031; Max. 2.324;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:1h4j9FhCqPHRQ72SupYZ9Q==

f3404686 Location:

Summary Statistics: Max. 4.52; StDev 3.9111743718888654; Min. -7.78; Mean -1.2455555555555557; Valid 18.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:nACNBPlJWBRVK4LdqaWMJw==

f3404686 Location:

Summary Statistics: Min. 0.0; StDev 0.308842139806506; Mean 0.1590555555555556; Max. 0.986; Valid 18.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:/bVniNWFFT+j/ADPO5oDvg==

f3404686 Location:

Variable Format: character

Notes: UNF:6:kDiioNK7x2IkrbVCDVjstg==

f3404689 Location:

Variable Format: character

Notes: UNF:6:YPgj/9M6zeOIcrcLgccnPQ==

f3404689 Location:

Summary Statistics: Valid 18.0; Max. 4.006; Min. -7.551; Mean -0.08655555555555548; StDev 2.1616911196403676

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:hJBhWFEwOz4exr+lsACJSQ==

f3404689 Location:

Summary Statistics: StDev 0.6911038532288127; Min. 0.028; Max. 2.069; Valid 18.0; Mean 0.36977777777777776

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:peiHUNKwcLps5LMtZSilOw==

f3404689 Location:

Summary Statistics: Valid 18.0; Min. -4.52; Mean -0.4783333333333333; Max. 2.47; StDev 2.4269643347921166

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:k32EB7kvS4ZKzFwoWkOIlA==

f3404689 Location:

Summary Statistics: Min. 0.0; Max. 0.918; Valid 18.0; Mean 0.24083333333333334; StDev 0.3258737124571239

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:Ja64kn8jhxgFLiy6CL9Wjw==

f3404689 Location:

Variable Format: character

Notes: UNF:6:Lp5zqhw689IbUuWerVd9mw==

f3404693 Location:

Variable Format: character

Notes: UNF:6:1t/0zTDRmb1h2Y1N8423iQ==

f3404693 Location:

Variable Format: character

Notes: UNF:6:oF7b29BQqZMxnya34UldiA==

f3404693 Location:

Summary Statistics: Max. 1.0; Min. 0.0; Mean 0.5005555555555555; Valid 3600.0; StDev 0.5000691502304383

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:D0C0LFn9sdF+npQK8L0WLw==

f3404693 Location:

Summary Statistics: Min. 0.0; Valid 3599.0; StDev 0.8165532643394087; Max. 2.0; Mean 0.999722145040289

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:opgAgy7ALVZ//Va0yThDvA==

f3404693 Location:

Summary Statistics: Mean 1.8498652291105149; StDev 0.87587339341827; Min. 1.0; Max. 4.0; Valid 3710.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:JQ8QRn9LQI374fNPdq64IA==

f3404693 Location:

Summary Statistics: Min. 1.0; Max. 1.0; Valid 250.0; Mean 1.0; StDev 0.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:t4Oby0folT67HDEWE5PmAQ==

f3404693 Location:

Summary Statistics: StDev 0.0; Valid 202.0; Mean 1.0; Max. 1.0; Min. 1.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:vqPzKPvAmZ1/RlrVhoGX6A==

f3404693 Location:

Summary Statistics: Valid 281.0; Max. 1.0; Min. 1.0; Mean 1.0; StDev 0.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:hD+QdxiE0MWsFDU9vQvssw==

f3404693 Location:

Summary Statistics: Max. 1.0; StDev 0.0; Valid 677.0; Mean 1.0; Min. 1.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:mH5+ZwgQ56qLUoRxlJNR+w==

f3404693 Location:

Summary Statistics: StDev 0.0; Max. 1.0; Valid 222.0; Min. 1.0; Mean 1.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:w/8hTHoto4Mtd/1aTOO1aw==

f3404693 Location:

Summary Statistics: Valid 244.0; Mean 1.0; Max. 1.0; StDev 0.0; Min. 1.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:iE+CnLMiMKFYFr9hfV0STw==

f3404693 Location:

Summary Statistics: Max. 1.0; StDev 0.0; Mean 1.0; Valid 291.0; Min. 1.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:aaG60T8uNVNJoNGa/3fT/g==

f3404693 Location:

Summary Statistics: Min. 1.0; Valid 665.0; Max. 1.0; Mean 1.0; StDev 0.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:ff/3twLgzIXFh8FAzebySA==

f3404693 Location:

Summary Statistics: StDev 27.574204403809077; Min. 0.0; Mean 62.20917225950783; Max. 100.0; Valid 1788.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:fmb/2LrJVfu0np+GrOrpow==

f3404693 Location:

Summary Statistics: StDev 27.908688000056177; Max. 100.0; Mean 62.012834821428584; Min. 0.0; Valid 1792.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:te9GKHA6jcdCrBEbGheIMQ==

f3404693 Location:

Summary Statistics: StDev 0.5905863326385561; Min. 1.0; Max. 3.0; Mean 2.239197100641204; Valid 3587.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:jJVdCfiHhU7H0/dfWfbjLw==

f3404693 Location:

Summary Statistics: Valid 3569.0; Mean 2.6270664051555053; Max. 4.0; StDev 1.0156600861841576; Min. 1.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:cCmTJmdYCsNBWaL5mEovUA==

f3404693 Location:

Summary Statistics: Min. 1.0; Max. 4.0; Valid 3569.0; Mean 2.8251611095544966; StDev 1.0759942388876675

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:0pk/4AxI3m/r4oz1a8KW/g==

f3404693 Location:

Summary Statistics: Valid 3562.0; Max. 4.0; Min. 1.0; Mean 2.4837170129140933; StDev 1.144876820298147

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:dtQ4TNy9n3K4RvwP75hrAQ==

f3404693 Location:

Summary Statistics: StDev 0.49809952627524956; Mean 1.5443502824858757; Min. 1.0; Valid 3540.0; Max. 2.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:6rS96f9q1lhtt1gN1YQP8Q==

f3404693 Location:

Variable Format: character

Notes: UNF:6:zi+mNhl6rETAGkQ54L7Egg==

f3404693 Location:

Summary Statistics: Valid 3538.0; Min. 1.0; Max. 2.0; StDev 0.49988655332268755; Mean 1.513566986998304

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:5rCOFd/+O+qDzBWCjbIbyw==

f3404693 Location:

Summary Statistics: Valid 3538.0; StDev 1.3981500984274455; Min. 1.0; Mean 1.8055398530243094; Max. 8.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:TgJNY5/uFYmgX4lmo7Wkug==

f3404693 Location:

Variable Format: character

Notes: UNF:6:tdcEoh8uDjSBafzuSGHaLA==

f3404693 Location:

Summary Statistics: Max. 6.0; Min. 1.0; Mean 3.260316563029961; StDev 1.535670347719309; Valid 3538.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:Tibv40Lu6cIM6+e7KepNGg==

f3404693 Location:

Summary Statistics: Min. -99.0; Max. 5.0; StDev 31.51188552734805; Valid 3534.0; Mean -7.875495189586849

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:0wRLvIsIJszU05dw0x6saQ==

f3404693 Location:

Summary Statistics: Max. 5.0; Valid 3534.0; Mean 2.12110922467459; Min. 1.0; StDev 1.0722769607285623

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:7Rp4oul1jtMaATr3zOpXWw==

f3404693 Location:

Summary Statistics: Max. 5.0; Mean 2.189377682403435; Valid 3728.0; Min. 1.0; StDev 1.185764249067363

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:eH8mz1X8XYSuKjCcu43LiA==

f3404693 Location:

Summary Statistics: Mean 1.3616863905325447; Max. 2.0; Valid 1352.0; StDev 0.48066644690733296; Min. 1.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:N5po6hKPIdldGwMZt7/o+A==

f3404693 Location:

Summary Statistics: StDev 0.496793305459065; Mean 1.4412955465587045; Min. 1.0; Valid 988.0; Max. 2.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:dMghbv0RdsUL4OqmSLx4Xg==

f3404693 Location:

Summary Statistics: Mean 1583.335295691726; Valid 3737.0; Max. 675840.0; Min. 5.0; StDev 12908.587467704161

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:OTGOF3f2FgqmL1fcVwgFCg==

f3404693 Location:

Variable Format: character

Notes: UNF:6:GX2JD1SnzSvb4w46wW3y8w==

f3404683 Location:

Variable Format: character

Notes: UNF:6:YPgj/9M6zeOIcrcLgccnPQ==

f3404683 Location:

Summary Statistics: Valid 18.0; Min. -3.2; StDev 1.989640283447322; Mean 0.4241111111111111; Max. 6.834

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:deL8tv7KBDNeV2mmlOkeUQ==

f3404683 Location:

Summary Statistics: StDev 0.6428371168682854; Max. 2.125; Mean 0.3405; Valid 18.0; Min. 0.025;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:9ffx7xAVcCn/m1zD3isctw==

f3404683 Location:

Summary Statistics: Valid 18.0; StDev 2.1698167146474376; Max. 4.51; Mean 0.8711111111111112; Min. -2.44;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:gVyUsKQ4aKXxBPN/uEV+ww==

f3404683 Location:

Summary Statistics: StDev 0.2738117584855832; Mean 0.18205555555555555; Min. 0.0; Valid 18.0; Max. 0.904

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:XYSoINLKIcZwlWJvPzxZug==

f3404683 Location:

Variable Format: character

Notes: UNF:6:ZssfRdSwq9Y7u4HAbid+Lw==

f3404695 Location:

Variable Format: character

Notes: UNF:6:YPgj/9M6zeOIcrcLgccnPQ==

f3404695 Location:

Summary Statistics: Min. -0.612; Mean 0.5850555555555554; StDev 1.6974999773792676; Valid 18.0; Max. 5.52;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:sW4tMiH4s5DSOXGLpkHJ+w==

f3404695 Location:

Summary Statistics: Mean 0.3401666666666667; Min. 0.025; Valid 18.0; Max. 2.12; StDev 0.641910132064496;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:WQh/H1zTV+ukcQtP6l9Drg==

f3404695 Location:

Summary Statistics: Mean 1.1133333333333333; Max. 3.67; StDev 1.63193858015912; Valid 18.0; Min. -1.18

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:Z+EPx+fvRvwAIZ3KoeY2Bg==

f3404695 Location:

Summary Statistics: Max. 0.969; Valid 18.0; Min. 0.0; StDev 0.31249134367095843; Mean 0.27661111111111114

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:DqYVrctvC9+yt3OLO8f8Aw==

f3404695 Location:

Variable Format: character

Notes: UNF:6:jI7vW4k86B6Kui/N9pCdEw==

f3404696 Location:

Summary Statistics: Max. 1.0; Min. 0.0; StDev 0.47093270440680973; Valid 3267.0; Mean 0.6681971227425774

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:Y4M3e98kBnyvkq2IabW7gw==

f3404696 Location:

Summary Statistics: Max. 100.0; Valid 3252.0; StDev 27.822379569716986; Min. 0.0; Mean 62.686654366543664

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:JGF/NrOvBQ676F4dGvLZKA==

f3404696 Location:

Summary Statistics: Max. 1.0; StDev 0.47262257070504105; Valid 3256.0; Min. 0.0; Mean 0.6633906633906635

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:FRcXFAYo0F1JP6mSaf50zw==

f3404696 Location:

Summary Statistics: Valid 3241.0; Max. 4.0; Mean 2.668620796050602; StDev 1.0125903000364191; Min. 1.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:xZEq37WWT7w6Cb3FlevVtA==

f3404696 Location:

Summary Statistics: Min. 1.0; Valid 3240.0; Mean 2.878086419753086; StDev 1.0720917474612193; Max. 4.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:16e2SNEGHa5hiys9/0MPFg==

f3404696 Location:

Summary Statistics: Max. 4.0; Mean 2.512360939431397; Min. 1.0; Valid 3236.0; StDev 1.159132218504916;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:DGoVQdkjjKMGn3pN4MYU8g==

f3404696 Location:

Summary Statistics: Valid 3227.0; Min. -3.756102; StDev 1.7667921481204152; Max. 2.563948; Mean -1.9925627537941558E-8

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:GwJLsGMukkDjnKidc69B/A==

Label:

Log_File_Data.txt

Text:

The log file for the Stata code to reproduce results in the paper and appendix.

text/plain

Label:

Log_File_Plots.txt

Text:

The log file for the R code to replicate the plots in the paper and appendix.

text/plain

Label:

Prejudice_Analysis_JEPS_Final_Williamson.do

Text:

The Stata code to replicate all results in the paper and appendix.

application/x-stata-syntax

Label:

Prejudice_Plots_JEPS_Final_Williamson.R

Text:

The R code to replicate the plots in the paper and appendix.

type/x-r-syntax

Label:

README_Williamson_JEPS.txt

Text:

README document explaining files and variables.

text/plain