Replication Data for: Killing the Messenger: Political System Openness as a Determinant of Journalist Killing, 1992-2008 (doi:10.7910/DVN/GPJ6MA)

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Part 1: Document Description
Part 2: Study Description
Part 3: Data Files Description
Part 4: Variable Description
Part 5: Other Study-Related Materials
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Document Description

Citation

Title:

Replication Data for: Killing the Messenger: Political System Openness as a Determinant of Journalist Killing, 1992-2008

Identification Number:

doi:10.7910/DVN/GPJ6MA

Distributor:

Harvard Dataverse

Date of Distribution:

2016-02-13

Version:

Bibliographic Citation:

Victor H. Asal; Matthew Krain; Amanda Murdie; Brandon Kennedy, 2016, "Replication Data for: Killing the Messenger: Political System Openness as a Determinant of Journalist Killing, 1992-2008", https://doi.org/10.7910/DVN/GPJ6MA, Harvard Dataverse, V1, UNF:6:NxUirF/QC+AVCqLFJkHMRQ== [fileUNF]

Study Description

Citation

Title:

Replication Data for: Killing the Messenger: Political System Openness as a Determinant of Journalist Killing, 1992-2008

Identification Number:

doi:10.7910/DVN/GPJ6MA

Authoring Entity:

Victor H. Asal (University at Albany - SUNY)

Matthew Krain (The College of Wooster)

Amanda Murdie (University of Missouri, Columbia)

Brandon Kennedy (University of Missouri, Columbia)

Distributor:

Harvard Dataverse

Access Authority:

Replication, FPA

Depositor:

Replication, FPA

Date of Deposit:

2016-02-13

Holdings Information:

https://doi.org/10.7910/DVN/GPJ6MA

Study Scope

Keywords:

Social Sciences

Abstract:

What countries are most dangerous for journalists? Both conventional wisdom and extant literature on repression, democra cy, and reporter fatalities suggest that more open political systems should make journalists safer. However, we argue that a more open political context actually makes it more dangerous for journalists because they are freer to pursue stories that put them at risk and are thus more likely to b e killed by actors trying to avoid the spotlight and exposure. Conversely, cl osed autocratic regimes provide fewer opportunities to pursue dangerous lea ds, thereby reducing the chance of being killed. Using novel cross-natio nal data on the number of journalist killings between 1992 and 2008, we fi nd that these arguments are generally supported when controlling for other factors that affect the killing of journalists, such as poor governance and political conflict.

Methodology and Processing

Sources Statement

Data Access

Notes:

Other Study Description Materials

File Description--f2783775

File: Asal et al FPA - murder type of death.tab

Number of cases: 921
No. of variables per record: 46
Type of File: text/tab-separated-values

Notes:

UNF:6:sF2p9l9FThwManCZ1O3HBA==

File Description--f2783772

File: replication data file to FPA Asal et al.tab

Number of cases: 13202
No. of variables per record: 63
Type of File: text/tab-separated-values

Notes:

UNF:6:q5acixGu9YYgZzWbnRO+1A==

Variable Description

List of Variables:

cowcode
year
p_polity2 - Revised Combined Polity Score
DEMOC - p_polity2 6/10=1 -10/5=0
HIGHDEMOC - p_polity2 -10/7=0 8/10=1
LOWDEMOC - p_polity2 -10/5=0 8/10=0 6/7=1
POLITY2ANOC
POLITY2AUTO
date - Date
name - Name
sex - Sex
countrykilled - Country Killed
organization - Organization
nationality - Nationality
medium - Medium
job - Job
coverage - Coverage
freelance - Freelance
localforeign - Local/Foreign
sourceoffire - Source of Fire
typeofdeath - Type of Death
impunityformurder - Impunity (for Murder)
takencaptive - Taken Captive
threatened - Threatened
tortured - Tortured
_merge
_Iyear_1993 - year==1993
_Iyear_1994 - year==1994
_Iyear_1995 - year==1995
_Iyear_1996 - year==1996
_Iyear_1997 - year==1997
_Iyear_1998 - year==1998
_Iyear_1999 - year==1999
_Iyear_2000 - year==2000
_Iyear_2001 - year==2001
_Iyear_2002 - year==2002
_Iyear_2003 - year==2003
_Iyear_2004 - year==2004
_Iyear_2005 - year==2005
_Iyear_2006 - year==2006
_Iyear_2007 - year==2007
_Iyear_2008 - year==2008
_Iyear_2009 - year==2009
_Iyear_2010 - year==2010
_Iyear_2011 - year==2011
_Iyear_2012 - year==2012
ccodecow
year
mf
ccode - Country Code Numeric
cname - Country Name
ajr_settmort - Log Settler Mortality
chga_demo - Democracy
ciri_assn - Freedom of Assembly and Association
ciri_physint - Physical Integrity Rights Index
ciri_speech - Freedom of Speech
fh_press - Freedom of the Press
ht_region - The Region of the Country
ht_region2 - The Region of the Country (alternative)
icrg_qog - ICRG Indicator of Quality of Government
p_polity2 - Revised Combined Polity Score
DEMOC - p_polity2 6/10=1 -10/5=0
maxintyearv410
cpj_killed
KCPJBINARY - =cpj_killed binary
banksTVsfromnorris1999only - Per capita TVs 1975-2003
papersbanksfromnorris1999only - Per capita newspaper circulation only for 1999
ORDEREDKCPJ - = cpj_killed 2/100=2
informationflows - information flows
OORDEREKCPJ - cpj_kill 1-9=1 1 and above =2
lnpop
HIGHDEMOC - p_polity2 -10/7=0 8/10=1
LOWDEMOC - p_polity2 -10/5=0 8/10=0 6/7=1
UNrate - Rate
lngdp
lncpj_killed
squaredpolity
lfh_press
lfh_repress
id
meancpj_killed
POLITY2ANOC
POLITY2AUTO
duratx - Revised Combined Polity Score
duratp0 - pr(0)
duratp1 - Probability *of Journalist Killing
duratp0lb - LB pr(0)
duratp1lb - 95% lower limit
duratp0ub - UB pr(0)
duratp1ub - 95% upper limit
_Iyeara1993 - year==1993
_Iyeara1994 - year==1994
_Iyeara1995 - year==1995
_Iyeara1996 - year==1996
_Iyeara1997 - year==1997
_Iyeara1998 - year==1998
_Iyeara1999 - year==1999
_Iyeara2000 - year==2000
_Iyeara2001 - year==2001
_Iyeara2002 - year==2002
_Iyeara2003 - year==2003
_Iyeara2004 - year==2004
_Iyeara2005 - year==2005
_Iyeara2006 - year==2006
_Iyeara2007 - year==2007
lagKCPJBINARY
lagORDEREDKCPJ
lagOO
lagcpj_killed

Variables

cowcode

f2783775 Location:

Summary Statistics: Max. 910.0; Mean 542.5439739413666; Valid 921.0; Min. 2.0; StDev 237.67826369186915;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:oQLT1OXtLMg2CnfAfrBRPw==

year

f2783775 Location:

Summary Statistics: Valid 921.0; StDev 6.250793652106589; Min. 1992.0; Mean 2002.3268186753528; Max. 2012.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:C48MlAhnKl9vxq/3XRO69g==

Revised Combined Polity Score

f2783775 Location:

Summary Statistics: StDev 5.580934076642592; Valid 559.0; Min. -10.0; Mean 2.7924865831842585; Max. 10.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:9x6jyWUu2iTUnFxSvMz4bg==

p_polity2 6/10=1 -10/5=0

f2783775 Location:

Summary Statistics: Min. 0.0; Mean 0.4686940966010733; Max. 1.0; Valid 559.0; StDev 0.49946592747356067

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:6ZJ//66gJKJWI1bdBfFIjA==

p_polity2 -10/7=0 8/10=1

f2783775 Location:

Summary Statistics: Max. 1.0; Min. 0.0; Mean 0.2880143112701256; Valid 559.0; StDev 0.4532433811086893

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:QtCMoJaVdRLO5Bi4TkahYw==

p_polity2 -10/5=0 8/10=0 6/7=1

f2783775 Location:

Summary Statistics: Mean 0.18067978533094797; Max. 1.0; Min. 0.0; StDev 0.3850972545821256; Valid 559.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:1Ltkye2+w9YqICvoY/fTxg==

POLITY2ANOC

f2783775 Location:

Summary Statistics: Valid 559.0; Min. 0.0; Mean 0.37924865831842575; Max. 1.0; StDev 0.48563464820267405;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:3NeXZugiXbd7l7TD64Wjlw==

POLITY2AUTO

f2783775 Location:

Summary Statistics: Mean 0.1520572450805012; Valid 559.0; Max. 1.0; Min. 0.0; StDev 0.3593979787246896;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:Rl9GiyigPIXxJegzahfN7g==

Date

f2783775 Location:

Variable Format: character

Notes: UNF:6:yKxq48y2ADAFmIQX3Pmczg==

Name

f2783775 Location:

Variable Format: character

Notes: UNF:6:R6OTOmu+ZiQYhQwZAVgMdw==

Sex

f2783775 Location:

Variable Format: character

Notes: UNF:6:be1fz0FfVy4wdMVRQ8vkew==

Country Killed

f2783775 Location:

Variable Format: character

Notes: UNF:6:KqY9DvHPZQwqVhoDpVKCcQ==

Organization

f2783775 Location:

Variable Format: character

Notes: UNF:6:xGkryQkE2pG4tfkpd+dEfg==

Nationality

f2783775 Location:

Variable Format: character

Notes: UNF:6:U/quiA2zFwRhjgAxj2ekaQ==

Medium

f2783775 Location:

Variable Format: character

Notes: UNF:6:PTydtB9YycYzWol5bv41Mg==

Job

f2783775 Location:

Variable Format: character

Notes: UNF:6:rLxPbVvD2/nN/ou0nVwLCw==

Coverage

f2783775 Location:

Variable Format: character

Notes: UNF:6:RhbpYO6pycM2ivLXYHHw3Q==

Freelance

f2783775 Location:

Variable Format: character

Notes: UNF:6:PW7A98PoDTdbwcY7hg877A==

Local/Foreign

f2783775 Location:

Variable Format: character

Notes: UNF:6:biSGXMMS3R0eB5ToRMgpxA==

Source of Fire

f2783775 Location:

Variable Format: character

Notes: UNF:6:GS3rSqUCudSi6Q5zzob1eg==

Type of Death

f2783775 Location:

Variable Format: character

Notes: UNF:6:1/+3Kzl//uHZfDkuPHwPeg==

Impunity (for Murder)

f2783775 Location:

Variable Format: character

Notes: UNF:6:T/cA3gGlsXGhf31s85MRyg==

Taken Captive

f2783775 Location:

Variable Format: character

Notes: UNF:6:sAtLPCjqCibyL51pxAwFDw==

Threatened

f2783775 Location:

Variable Format: character

Notes: UNF:6:YYZFZVAqldCSLCF1inh9PQ==

Tortured

f2783775 Location:

Variable Format: character

Notes: UNF:6:T5I/hRY322TERetFQA4+gw==

_merge

f2783775 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency	Text
2.	using only (2)
4.	missing updated (4)
1.	master only (1)
5.	nonmissing conflict (5)
3.	matched (3)

Summary Statistics: Min. 2.0; Valid 921.0; Max. 3.0; StDev 0.25806630068686787; Mean 2.9283387622149832

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:Q8nyuixQ9EXsM7hcO68O+g==

year==1993

f2783775 Location:

Summary Statistics: Valid 921.0; Max. 1.0; Min. 0.0; Mean 0.060803474484256215; StDev 0.23909931861431372;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:z4J1keH8cjtEmuE70tSS/Q==

year==1994

f2783775 Location:

Summary Statistics: Min. 0.0; Mean 0.07166123778501651; Valid 921.0; StDev 0.25806630068686726; Max. 1.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:rsapbCPvogPM4iHyZra6wA==

year==1995

f2783775 Location:

Summary Statistics: Max. 1.0; StDev 0.22883422841197443; Mean 0.05537459283387625; Valid 921.0; Min. 0.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:VvGEAcuVfOYIsEkSn29obA==

year==1996

f2783775 Location:

Summary Statistics: Max. 1.0; Min. 0.0; Mean 0.028230184581976125; Valid 921.0; StDev 0.1657198238019338

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:+OpJUbUBVQSzFVc4B5vKpw==

year==1997

f2783775 Location:

Summary Statistics: Max. 1.0; StDev 0.16571982380193379; Valid 921.0; Mean 0.0282301845819761; Min. 0.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:fGma4Bd0Cr75uxqOowNVEQ==

year==1998

f2783775 Location:

Summary Statistics: Mean 0.026058631921824095; Min. 0.0; StDev 0.15939625504941773; Valid 921.0; Max. 1.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:ExZzdlJXTV5Kr8Bs2VnsYg==

year==1999

f2783775 Location:

Summary Statistics: Mean 0.03908794788273614; Min. 0.0; StDev 0.19390953145010004; Valid 921.0; Max. 1.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:6l23cQw70S4JLWBo5Z0cUA==

year==2000

f2783775 Location:

Summary Statistics: StDev 0.1593962550494174; Max. 1.0; Valid 921.0; Mean 0.026058631921824095; Min. 0.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:ul/CeKvW3wkMSS2oKSYutw==

year==2001

f2783775 Location:

Summary Statistics: StDev 0.19647317607635076; Min. 0.0; Mean 0.040173724212812366; Max. 1.0; Valid 921.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:4ufe+OANQ5ON5iMg+Zy/Ew==

year==2002

f2783775 Location:

Summary Statistics: Max. 1.0; StDev 0.14935066934260247; Mean 0.022801302931596157; Min. 0.0; Valid 921.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:Mgb7cDPqw6hSE1mFc8ykBA==

year==2003

f2783775 Location:

Summary Statistics: StDev 0.20873503735427082; Valid 921.0; Mean 0.04560260586319217; Max. 1.0; Min. 0.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:A/syP+Tc0zdrNuDSMI8GCQ==

year==2004

f2783775 Location:

Summary Statistics: Valid 921.0; Mean 0.06406080347448424; Max. 1.0; StDev 0.24499426034759947; Min. 0.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:7p3GsVoCMeLfDeC4DJcb7Q==

year==2005

f2783775 Location:

Summary Statistics: Valid 921.0; Mean 0.0521172638436482; Min. 0.0; Max. 1.0; StDev 0.22238424281327807

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:PqhWG196SDTW38RE/P1fRQ==

year==2006

f2783775 Location:

Summary Statistics: Max. 1.0; Valid 921.0; StDev 0.24108521113007736; Mean 0.06188925081433252; Min. 0.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:0XnsbXB+FnfbK6z/reW/3g==

year==2007

f2783775 Location:

Summary Statistics: Mean 0.07491856677524426; Min. 0.0; Valid 921.0; StDev 0.26340293751561844; Max. 1.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:QtNMc7dzgtIZn8zSm1+rAQ==

year==2008

f2783775 Location:

Summary Statistics: Mean 0.045602605863192265; Valid 921.0; Max. 1.0; StDev 0.2087350373542708; Min. 0.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:ZIFbtRjQPL3dQXfuj5v99g==

year==2009

f2783775 Location:

Summary Statistics: Valid 921.0; Min. 0.0; Max. 1.0; Mean 0.07926167209554864; StDev 0.2702935158566648

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:jeUG5rMzjhKCPQD0gEeQ5g==

year==2010

f2783775 Location:

Summary Statistics: Mean 0.04777415852334418; Valid 921.0; Min. 0.0; Max. 1.0; StDev 0.21340392661970728;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:XrFqlY+SQ3boNc0jK3s27g==

year==2011

f2783775 Location:

Summary Statistics: Max. 1.0; Mean 0.05103148751357202; Min. 0.0; StDev 0.22018154586135044; Valid 921.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:0wx87AWXnl5vF6PBQDcnKA==

year==2012

f2783775 Location:

Summary Statistics: StDev 0.17472606543313993; Min. 0.0; Mean 0.03148751357220441; Max. 1.0; Valid 921.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:3AjTXlo5EoacAYQd9r4RKg==

ccodecow

f2783772 Location:

Summary Statistics: StDev 262.54352930902826; Min. -99.0; Mean 470.03176533168545; Max. 990.0; Valid 13159.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:j0CX2T+oe3Orn60n/mTPfg==

year

f2783772 Location:

Summary Statistics: Valid 13201.0; Min. 1946.0; Max. 2011.0; StDev 18.763707165312322; Mean 1978.1346867661541;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:ynOBl1y9y1U+3kddwr2Upw==

f2783772 Location:

Summary Statistics: StDev 1.2396343159556642; Valid 2500.0; Min. 1.0; Max. 4.0; Mean 2.8012000000000046

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:OxGmvaHKs5aqT9tyqlo+fQ==

Country Code Numeric

f2783772 Location:

Summary Statistics: Max. 999.0; Min. 4.0; Valid 13065.0; Mean 439.8557213930356; StDev 261.5890169056704;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:ts1fP7tsV3Xh98JnFm9WBA==

Country Name

f2783772 Location:

Variable Format: character

Notes: UNF:6:LijNXRkGQbe3VnlwBtiAgw==

Log Settler Mortality

f2783772 Location:

Summary Statistics: StDev 1.1744964470991233; Valid 5070.0; Max. 7.9861650466918945; Mean 4.723628878593445; Min. 2.1459310054779053

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:t0AC1PsbwzaKIEHp475gIQ==

Democracy

f2783772 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency	Text
1.	1. Democracy
0.	0. Dictatorship

Summary Statistics: Valid 8970.0; Min. 0.0; Mean 0.44347826086955683; Max. 1.0; StDev 0.4968227154617624

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:QZyL3jPtwlwUKbvcflwYoA==

Freedom of Assembly and Association

f2783772 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency	Text
2.	2. Virtually unrestricted and freely enjoyed by practically all citizens
1.	1. Limited for all citizens or severly restricted or denied for selected groups
0.	0. Severely restricted or denied completely to all citizens

Summary Statistics: Max. 2.0; Min. 0.0; StDev 0.8462915234300388; Mean 1.1054705609643267; Valid 4314.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:Akm7abhqer3jTfl4qzw51g==

Physical Integrity Rights Index

f2783772 Location:

Summary Statistics: Min. 0.0; Valid 4284.0; Mean 4.946778711484616; StDev 2.3378972627280477; Max. 8.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:tNPaXCvWngN9KJHQDSz6SQ==

Freedom of Speech

f2783772 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency	Text
0.	0. Complete
1.	1. Some
2.	2. None

Summary Statistics: Min. 0.0; Max. 2.0; StDev 0.7447291442303214; Mean 1.0301344459897996; Valid 4314.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:JzYlQvySjZG0LTxIj7hwXg==

Freedom of the Press

f2783772 Location:

Summary Statistics: Valid 3181.0; Min. 0.0; Max. 100.0; Mean 46.0; StDev 24.731387131213694

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:cKBoHT/loVsFRBce7YBMNg==

The Region of the Country

f2783772 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency	Text
3.	3. North Africa & the Middle East
2.	2. Latin America
10.	10. The Caribbean
8.	8. South Asia
5.	5. Western Europe and North America
4.	4. Sub-Saharan Africa
7.	7. South-East Asia
6.	6. East Asia
1.	1. Eastern Europe and post Soviet Union
9.	9. The Pacific

Summary Statistics: Min. 1.0; Valid 12977.0; StDev 2.63531830249667; Mean 4.490406103105383; Max. 10.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:TWqbiNOmoaX4m068lN3eKw==

The Region of the Country (alternative)

f2783772 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency	Text
6.	6. East Asia
9.	9. The Pacific
2.	2. Latin America
10.	10. The Caribbean
3.	3. North Africa & the Middle East
5.	5. Western Europe and North America
1.	1. Eastern Europe and post Soviet Union
8.	8. South Asia
7.	7. South-East Asia
4.	4. Sub-Saharan Africa

Summary Statistics: Mean 4.515450412267953; Min. 1.0; StDev 2.6655303042242156; Max. 10.0; Valid 12977.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:ygM8Lo51QX9fs9QaTaR1lA==

ICRG Indicator of Quality of Government

f2783772 Location:

Summary Statistics: Max. 1.0; StDev 0.2289067585700217; Valid 3225.0; Mean 0.5521768332394061; Min. 0.0416666679084301

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:L4sf3Q42v31FOY81y3axEg==

Revised Combined Polity Score

f2783772 Location:

Summary Statistics: Min. -10.0; StDev 7.518316111834204; Mean 0.23373005824282306; Valid 7898.0; Max. 10.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:JZfRYpiJNwsJN9iPw8n6Gg==

p_polity2 6/10=1 -10/5=0

f2783772 Location:

Summary Statistics: StDev 0.4842921991482709; Max. 1.0; Mean 0.37553811091416495; Min. 0.0; Valid 7898.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:vqJjHXTe5NtUtzS2SeVi4w==

maxintyearv410

f2783772 Location:

Summary Statistics: Max. 2.0; Mean 0.19680000000000122; StDev 0.5079221970744456; Min. 0.0; Valid 8750.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:gwByMwaFAbxryqokUmeKiQ==

cpj_killed

f2783772 Location:

Summary Statistics: StDev 1.4140684085679782; Mean 0.2186436239853332; Min. 0.0; Max. 33.0; Valid 3819.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:sLk93xiBXJnVP8mx2ZnuuQ==

=cpj_killed binary

f2783772 Location:

Summary Statistics: Valid 3819.0; Mean 0.08274417386750504; Max. 1.0; Min. 0.0; StDev 0.275531222262664

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:qFkpjuxI0GyNSQTkoeL6QA==

Per capita TVs 1975-2003

f2783772 Location:

Summary Statistics: Valid 10284.0; Max. 117.85700000000001; Min. 0.009000000000000001; Mean 22.19387203422788; StDev 21.318758603862822

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:1iWYSS5Qy8Ai4XRc6sTZ6A==

Per capita newspaper circulation only for 1999

f2783772 Location:

Summary Statistics: Min. 0.0; Mean 10.045619680298921; StDev 12.659227892763194; Valid 9634.0; Max. 58.400000000000006

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:PzCPU1fuzi+yigdWT3hMEQ==

= cpj_killed 2/100=2

f2783772 Location:

Summary Statistics: Min. 0.0; Valid 3819.0; Mean 0.11887928777166719; Max. 2.0; StDev 0.42078925174286524;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:gB4Pjv5AVlo4x2nDp44h+w==

information flows

f2783772 Location:

Summary Statistics: Min. 3.404953; Mean 48.92691038558931; StDev 23.041290937076756; Valid 6398.0; Max. 99.02139;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:rib2cSst3rOKuMzAHHacmA==

cpj_kill 1-9=1 1 and above =2

f2783772 Location:

Summary Statistics: Min. 0.0; Max. 2.0; StDev 0.28995799335673317; Mean 0.08562450903377887; Valid 3819.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:2bMdLZTkgID8ZF3r8LdJOA==

lnpop

f2783772 Location:

Summary Statistics: Valid 9101.0; Min. 9.402281761169434; StDev 2.085298093912051; Mean 15.174527855577516; Max. 21.004417419433594;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:SR0q8DEEDf7C7tfZgxD34w==

p_polity2 -10/7=0 8/10=1

f2783772 Location:

Summary Statistics: Max. 1.0; StDev 0.4570382253922536; Min. 0.0; Mean 0.297163838946577; Valid 7898.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:DX44+U/yK/S77jyPzGKkgg==

p_polity2 -10/5=0 8/10=0 6/7=1

f2783772 Location:

Summary Statistics: Mean 0.07837427196758551; Min. 0.0; StDev 0.2687766585726697; Valid 7898.0; Max. 1.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:1bW+OK6+Et1H1hSXzl+q0Q==

Rate

f2783772 Location:

Summary Statistics: Max. 139.10000610351562; Valid 1581.0; Mean 9.582099935964631; Min. 0.0; StDev 14.062484487323829;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:VkXlusM0U+i1LTrG4joKFQ==

lngdp

f2783772 Location:

Summary Statistics: Valid 4676.0; Mean 23.948635844923267; Max. 30.197246551513672; StDev 2.276918432015763; Min. 18.46662712097168;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:kNTLqjrKIOws6F8hmZcLjQ==

lncpj_killed

f2783772 Location:

Summary Statistics: Valid 3819.0; StDev 0.3320687098179065; Min. 0.0; Mean 0.08721179923451858; Max. 3.526360511779785;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:aKqkCvam62v4Oo2bdpJSsg==

squaredpolity

f2783772 Location:

Summary Statistics: StDev 32.461237106811; Valid 7898.0; Min. 0.0; Max. 100.0; Mean 56.57255001266153;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:OrKk/230XWPWElP66a7zSQ==

lfh_press

f2783772 Location:

Summary Statistics: Min. 0.0; StDev 24.731387131213694; Max. 100.0; Mean 46.0; Valid 3181.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6://qGrfjVR9M+nu1qgUziOw==

lfh_repress

f2783772 Location:

Summary Statistics: Valid 1471.0; StDev 8.0927181418325; Mean 6.033310673011558; Max. 40.0; Min. 0.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:gNXdAm87mpv74nNj5WQ51w==

f2783772 Location:

Summary Statistics: Mean 6601.5; Max. 13202.0; StDev 3811.2334617548686; Min. 1.0; Valid 13202.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:/GtCRaGqFq7EiU606xWI4w==

meancpj_killed

f2783772 Location:

Summary Statistics: StDev 0.07979983740142844; Min. 0.10447761416435242; Valid 3876.0; Max. 0.3631840944290161; Mean 0.21864362453159533

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:G6EyIIhNeF7w6o2JUh6kzw==

POLITY2ANOC

f2783772 Location:

Summary Statistics: StDev 0.4216252719665449; Valid 7898.0; Mean 0.2311977715877429; Max. 1.0; Min. 0.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:+n8AvTGH6G7o4YueHtVmUQ==

POLITY2AUTO

f2783772 Location:

Summary Statistics: Min. 0.0; Max. 1.0; Mean 0.3932641174980922; Valid 7898.0; StDev 0.4885055438123842

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:rMJoTesvz3/vkM0kxpEr1Q==

Revised Combined Polity Score

f2783772 Location:

Summary Statistics: Valid 11.0; Min. -10.0; Mean 0.0; Max. 10.0; StDev 6.6332495807108

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:BvV3sbyAgifssXTWqmRD/A==

pr(0)

f2783772 Location:

Summary Statistics: StDev 0.022298755608213202; Min. 0.9217900037765503; Mean 0.9647287943146445; Valid 11.0; Max. 0.9893587231636047

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:UFYLbEFyOcRehLp31WJiww==

Probability *of Journalist Killing

f2783772 Location:

Summary Statistics: Max. 0.07820998132228851; Min. 0.01064126007258892; Mean 0.03527120847932317; StDev 0.0222987511916562; Valid 11.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:61wmaPODj8cHZTuYRapnFw==

LB pr(0)

f2783772 Location:

Summary Statistics: Max. 0.9794122576713562; Valid 11.0; StDev 0.027001798041375803; Min. 0.8938039541244507; Mean 0.9509202241897583;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:H9mJ3Wdq5PuQoL7htrKePQ==

95% lower limit

f2783772 Location:

Summary Statistics: Valid 11.0; Max. 0.0502239465713501; StDev 0.0179210967604274; Mean 0.02146263263421133; Min. 6.947949877940118E-4;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:dbn3JAW5F3vwptP65Hx1wQ==

UB pr(0)

f2783772 Location:

Summary Statistics: Mean 0.9785373644395308; Min. 0.9497760534286499; Valid 11.0; StDev 0.017921104273934684; Max. 0.9993051886558533

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:kxa8uGyWGgwfN3LY5fP5rA==

95% upper limit

f2783772 Location:

Summary Statistics: Max. 0.10619601607322693; Mean 0.04907978461547331; Min. 0.020587725564837456; Valid 11.0; StDev 0.027001794325758645

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:/sl1eY2A3aGkOLxrA+EbCA==

year==1993

f2783772 Location:

Summary Statistics: Min. 0.0; StDev 0.12335201892197846; Mean 0.015453374744337561; Valid 13201.0; Max. 1.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:AQgGIKFaCjaPCRKsYzReFw==

year==1994

f2783772 Location:

Summary Statistics: Max. 1.0; StDev 0.12335201892197846; Valid 13201.0; Mean 0.015453374744337563; Min. 0.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:QU4kh2mzkybWaENUNmZIMw==

year==1995

f2783772 Location:

Summary Statistics: Max. 1.0; Min. 0.0; Mean 0.015453374744337563; StDev 0.12335201892197846; Valid 13201.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:/zBbwW4KSWqm9A4SGRtEZQ==

year==1996

f2783772 Location:

Summary Statistics: Max. 1.0; Mean 0.015453374744337564; Valid 13201.0; StDev 0.12335201892197846; Min. 0.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:qf4s4h/akWaFdoW4YhI+XA==

year==1997

f2783772 Location:

Summary Statistics: Valid 13201.0; Mean 0.015453374744337564; StDev 0.12335201892197846; Min. 0.0; Max. 1.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:Jq4DqIevhYZoAwtZ2gdXDw==

year==1998

f2783772 Location:

Summary Statistics: StDev 0.12335201892197846; Mean 0.015453374744337566; Min. 0.0; Max. 1.0; Valid 13201.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:LdmTKKUGP7fTHE72JxyumQ==

year==1999

f2783772 Location:

Summary Statistics: Valid 13201.0; Mean 0.015453374744337566; StDev 0.12335201892197846; Min. 0.0; Max. 1.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:N5qwADcm9RREZvskqFbPpw==

year==2000

f2783772 Location:

Summary Statistics: Min. 0.0; Mean 0.015453374744337566; Max. 1.0; Valid 13201.0; StDev 0.12335201892197846

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:LM4s1M75H2wRi5+mw+e7nA==

year==2001

f2783772 Location:

Summary Statistics: Valid 13201.0; Max. 1.0; Mean 0.015453374744337568; StDev 0.12335201892197846; Min. 0.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:FhEa9cHVcB7OuBq1P8wJdQ==

year==2002

f2783772 Location:

Summary Statistics: Max. 1.0; Min. 0.0; Valid 13201.0; Mean 0.015453374744337568; StDev 0.12335201892197846;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:6AoRo6F38gyZgfZAgR+XlQ==

year==2003

f2783772 Location:

Summary Statistics: StDev 0.12335201892197846; Min. 0.0; Valid 13201.0; Max. 1.0; Mean 0.01545337474433757;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:zqSZahgUhu5KKjoRaOg79w==

year==2004

f2783772 Location:

Summary Statistics: Valid 13201.0; Min. 0.0; StDev 0.12335201892197846; Max. 1.0; Mean 0.01545337474433757

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:l6u4Bij6zVswBOOEvuZaqA==

year==2005

f2783772 Location:

Summary Statistics: Mean 0.015453374744337571; Valid 13201.0; Min. 0.0; Max. 1.0; StDev 0.12335201892197846;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:fIFZwm88fSMHUy2NzcJSQA==

year==2006

f2783772 Location:

Summary Statistics: Mean 0.015453374744337571; Min. 0.0; Max. 1.0; Valid 13201.0; StDev 0.12335201892197846;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:/SlAfFzXCW8FVbRltaoQrg==

year==2007

f2783772 Location:

Summary Statistics: Mean 0.015453374744337573; Max. 1.0; Valid 13201.0; Min. 0.0; StDev 0.12335201892197846;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:LMpvUFwvZEobHEsDdUVvog==

lagKCPJBINARY

f2783772 Location:

Summary Statistics: Valid 3628.0; Min. 0.0; Mean 0.08241455347298837; StDev 0.2750331701736676; Max. 1.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:7XA04Kci8kegNZU0I/Wixw==

lagORDEREDKCPJ

f2783772 Location:

Summary Statistics: Mean 0.11824696802646016; Min. 0.0; Valid 3628.0; StDev 0.41949726719828995; Max. 2.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:7RDWjHlmTwG5ttrreVawow==

lagOO

f2783772 Location:

Summary Statistics: StDev 0.29022850044762855; Min. 0.0; Mean 0.08544652701212788; Valid 3628.0; Max. 2.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:2Hc+MwQERhBKeQ3V4kF6+Q==

lagcpj_killed

f2783772 Location:

Summary Statistics: Min. 0.0; StDev 1.4443430722916937; Valid 3628.0; Mean 0.22188533627342777; Max. 33.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:OpGQ3ZfcVO3EC9FxMAWPtw==

Other Study-Related Materials

Label:

Online Appendix for Asal et al FPA.docx

Notes:

application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.wordprocessingml.document

Other Study-Related Materials

Label:

replication do file to FPA.do

Notes:

application/x-stata-syntax