Effects of sex and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi on root and cladodia traits of Oputia robusta from a dioecious population from Central-Eastern Mexico (doi:10.7910/DVN/HZNZ2N)
(When mycorrhizae are misandrous)

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Effects of sex and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi on root and cladodia traits of Oputia robusta from a dioecious population from Central-Eastern Mexico

doi:10.7910/DVN/HZNZ2N

Harvard Dataverse

2024-10-22

1

ANONYMOUS; ANONYMOUS, 2024, "Effects of sex and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi on root and cladodia traits of Oputia robusta from a dioecious population from Central-Eastern Mexico", https://doi.org/10.7910/DVN/HZNZ2N, Harvard Dataverse, V1

Effects of sex and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi on root and cladodia traits of Oputia robusta from a dioecious population from Central-Eastern Mexico

When mycorrhizae are misandrous

doi:10.7910/DVN/HZNZ2N

ANONYMOUS (ANONYMOUS)

ANONYMOUS (ANONYMOUS)

ANONYMOUS

2024-10-20

ANONYMOUS

Harvard Dataverse

ANONYMOUS

ANONYMOUS

ANONYMOUS

2024-10-20

2024-10-20

https://doi.org/10.7910/DVN/HZNZ2N

Medicine, Health and Life Sciences, Opuntia robusta, arbuscullar mycorrhizal fungi, dioescious plant, Cacti, Central-Eastern Mexico, female individuals, male individuals, cost of sexual forms in plants

On December 28 and 29 2019, we obtained 17 male and 17 female last-level (counting from soil level) cladodes which length ranged from 19 through 25 cm, from individuals identified and tagged by their sexual form in our previous studies. The collected cladodes were less than eleven months old, that is, they grew from buds produced by the mother cladode in the spring of the same season. To estimate the effect of arbuscular micorrhizal fungi (AMF) on plant growth traits, we planted the collected cladodes under greenhouse conditions, without temperature control (4 January 2020 to 30 October 2020). We disinfected them with a 5% sodium hypochlorite solution, dried at room temperature and planted in the substrate composed by agrolite (Accimin), pittmos (Better Homes & Gardens) and soil obtained directly from the root system of the sampled plants from which the cladodes were obtained. All the material we used for the preparation of the substrate was treated with cobalt-60 gamma rays at the National Institute of Nuclear Research (ININ = Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Nucleares), at a dose of 11.22 through 13.57 kGy (Rodríguez Suarez, 2001). The accuracy of irradiation within the limits required by our experiment was confirmed by the certificate No. IR2019005022 released by ININ. Typically, gamma-irradiation at 10 kGy eliminates all fungi (McNamara et al., 2003). Afterwards, we planted the cladodes individually in 13.6 L black plastic bags (35 × 21 × 18.5 cm) which were 4/6 filled with the volumetric mixture in a 2 : 5 : 2 ratio of agrolite, pittmos and soil (sieved through a 5 mm sieve). To quantify the number of spores present in non-radiatet soil, we used the wet sieving technique (Gerdemann & Nicolson, 1963). We use 300 µm, 180 µm, 75 µm, 63 µm, and 38 µm sieves. The remains of the last two sieves were collected and centrifuged at 3000 rpm for 10 min, in 50 ml falco tubes with 15 ml of sucrose solution (50% w/v) and 10 ml of the samples obtained from the sieves. We decanted the supernatant on filter paper and rinsed with distilled water. We performed the spore count with an optical microscope (Olympus CX31) at 10X. We assigned the collected cladodes (called “mother cladodes”) to two experimental groups: the first one formed with 12 male and 12 female cladodes grown on the non-sterilised substrate, with soil containing 500 AMF spores per 100 g of soil (= colonised group), and the second one, composed by five male and five female cladodes, grown on the fully sterilised substrate (without AMF spores = control group). We tagged all cladodes by sex and experimental group. We placed 21cm x 18.5 cm x 35 cm (volume = 13.6 l) polyethylene pots with plants arranged as in a completely random block on cement floor in a greenhouse built specifically for this study (2.5 m × 1.5 m × 1.5 m (high)), with natural light and darkness period and a temperature ranging from 19-21°C (night) to 23-27°C (day). We grew the cladodes from January 4 to October 30, 2020. We watered all cladodes every 30 days with 200 ml of purified water (electropure) and estimated the relative growth rate (RGR) of each daughter cladode by measuring the length, width and thickness to the nearest 1 mm every 30 days using a Pretul calliper. At the end of the experiment, we randomly harvested seven males and seven females from the colonised group and three males and three females from the control group. We counted the number of roots produced, measured their length and thickness with a Pretul calliper, and weighed their roots using a Mainstays digital scale (WD61477). We also quantified the number of daughter cladodes produced from each sexual form of each experimental group and weighed them individually on a Mainsteys digital scale (WD61477).

2019-12-28-2020-10-30

2020-01-04-2020-10-30

Growe rates of male and femal cladodes of Opuntia robusta; from Cadereita de Montes, Queretaro, Mexico.

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This is the complete data gathered during the study concerning the effect of arbuscullar mycorrhizal fungi by two sexual forms of Opuntia robusta (hermaphrodite and female individuals).

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LAST_ANONYMOUS_Cladode growth with and without AMF EXPERIMENT_21Oct2024.xlsx

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Data obtained from the daughter cladodes produced from Opuntia robusta in greenhouses. The variables measured throughout the experiment were the length (cm), width (cm) and thickness (cm) of each cladode produced. These variables were measured every 30 days. The mother cladodes were identified using their sexual form with a total of 12 males and 12 females colonized with AMF, in addition to 5 females and 5 control males (without AMF). At the end of the experiment, we harvested (7 males and 7 females colonized; 5 males and 5 females control); we analyzed the number of roots, thickness and length. In addition, the total number of daughter cladodes produced was counted, and each individual cladode of each plant harvested was weighed. With the data obtained from the daughter cladodes, the total photosynthetic area was calculated by applying the formula: pi × length/2 × width/2 × thickness. For the volume, the formula was applied: the value of the photosynthetic area * the thickness. For the density we applied the formula: (mass/weight* gravity)/ cladode volume. ID used in the database M8-1-3: the first letter is the sexual form (F: Female; M: male). the first number indicates the mother cladode, the second number indicates the number of daughter cladodes produced (first level) and the third number indicates the clade produced by the daughter cladode (second level). AMF = arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi

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LAST_ANONYMOUS_Modeled cladode growth_19Oct2024.xlsx

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Modeling growth traits of Opuntia robusta cladodes: length, width and thickness, as well as the surface of both sides of the cladodes, their volume, and the growth rate of the surface and volume in relation to their initial values. 1. Growth dynamics of the real sizes of colonized (AMF) or noncolonized (control), male or female Opuntia robusta cladodes, and volume in relation to their initial values, and the calculates area of both sides of the cladodes and their volume, as well as increase in area and volume with respect to their initial values. Fig. 2, 3, 4 and 5. Dynamics of the increase in the width of colonized (AMF) or noncolonized (control) male and female cladodes of Opuntia robusta, and the calculated area of both sides of the cladodes, volume as well as increase in area and volume in relation to their initial values, assuming constant cladode length and thickness dynamics for each sexual form and experimental treatment, for different cladode widths. Dynamics of the increase in cladode area with an increase in their width for colonized (AMF) and noncolonized (control) male and female cladodes of Opuntia robusta. We put the same initial cladode widths for both male treatments as the initial width of the control cladodes: that is, because the initial value of this trait in AMF males was larger than the values for the next three experimental days: it occurred due to appearance of new daughter cladodes during this period. In (2.) we show the dynamics of control male cladode width and length using blue triangles, and the modeled dynamics usng purple squares. We obtained all the means from the GLMM model: We tested the effect of soil treatment (inoculated versus control) or the interaction between soil treatment and sexual form on the dynamics of cladode traits (length, thickness and width measured every 30 days) using a general mixed effect linear model (GLMM), with Gaussian distribution. The variable 'cladode length' was transformed with the ordered quartile (ORQ) method. We considered the variables 'time' (days), 'soil substrate treatment' and the soil treatment / sexual form interaction and ID of each cladode of each experimental group the random effects, since they vary per cladode individually. The sexual form was considered a fixed effect, since it did not vary during the entire experiment. The raw data is in another file.

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