Replication data for: Democracy and Environmental Degradation (doi:10.7910/DVN/IG1WQN)

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Part 1: Document Description
Part 2: Study Description
Part 3: Data Files Description
Part 4: Variable Description
Part 5: Other Study-Related Materials
Entire Codebook

Document Description

Citation

Title:

Replication data for: Democracy and Environmental Degradation

Identification Number:

doi:10.7910/DVN/IG1WQN

Distributor:

Harvard Dataverse

Date of Distribution:

2007-11-28

Version:

1

Bibliographic Citation:

Quan Li; Rafael Reuveny, 2007, "Replication data for: Democracy and Environmental Degradation", https://doi.org/10.7910/DVN/IG1WQN, Harvard Dataverse, V1, UNF:3:jiQxAwmGk8leMubmVoAMoQ== [fileUNF]

Study Description

Citation

Title:

Replication data for: Democracy and Environmental Degradation

Identification Number:

doi:10.7910/DVN/IG1WQN

Authoring Entity:

Quan Li (The Pennsylvania State University)

Rafael Reuveny (Indiana University)

Producer:

International Studies Quarterly

Distributor:

Harvard Dataverse

Distributor:

International Studies Quarterly

Date of Deposit:

2006

Holdings Information:

https://doi.org/10.7910/DVN/IG1WQN

Study Scope

Topic Classification:

ISQ 2006, Volume 50, Issue 4

Abstract:

In a relatively small but growing body of literature in political science and environmental studies, scholars debate the effect of democracy on environmental degradation. Some theorists claim that democracy reduces environmental degradation. Others argue that democracy may not reduce environmental degradation or may even harm the environment. Empirical evidence thus far has been limited and conflicting. This article seeks to address the democracy–environment debate. We focus on the effect of political regime type on human activities that directly damage the environment. Our discussion of the theoretical literature identifies different causal mechanisms through which democracy could affect environmental degradation. The empirical analysis focuses on the net effect of these competing mechanisms. We examine statistically the effect of democracy on five aspects of human-induced environmental degradation—carbon dioxide emissions, nitrogen dioxide emissions, deforestation, land degradation, and organic pollution in water. We find that democracy reduces all five types of environmental degradation. While the substantive effect of democracy is considerable, it varies in size across different types of environmental degradation. We also find nonmonotonic effects of democracy that vary across the environmental indicators.

Notes:

Subject: STANDARD DEPOSIT TERMS 1.0 Type: DATAPASS:TERMS:STANDARD:1.0 Notes: This study was deposited under the of the Data-PASS standard deposit terms. A copy of the usage agreement is included in the file section of this study.;

Methodology and Processing

Sources Statement

Data Access

Notes:

<a href="http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0">CC0 1.0</a>

Other Study Description Materials

Related Publications

Citation

Title:

Li, Quan; Reuveny, Rafael, 2006, "Democracy and Environmental Degradation" International Studies Quarterly 50 (4), 935–956: doi:10.1111/j.1468-2478.2006.00432.x <a href= "http://www.blackwell-synergy.com/doi/abs/10.1111/j.1468-2478.2006.00432.x" target= "_new">(article available here)</a>.

Bibliographic Citation:

Li, Quan; Reuveny, Rafael, 2006, "Democracy and Environmental Degradation" International Studies Quarterly 50 (4), 935–956: doi:10.1111/j.1468-2478.2006.00432.x <a href= "http://www.blackwell-synergy.com/doi/abs/10.1111/j.1468-2478.2006.00432.x" target= "_new">(article available here)</a>.

File Description--f109781

File: co2_water.tab

  • Number of cases: 10827

  • No. of variables per record: 14

  • Type of File: text/tab-separated-values

Notes:

UNF:3:/j4j3eGGZxed8K1qqrWPVA==

CO2 and water pollution data file

File Description--f109782

File: forest.tab

  • Number of cases: 785

  • No. of variables per record: 13

  • Type of File: text/tab-separated-values

Notes:

UNF:3:BXNBhGwlzlL6E/BboASU1w==

Deforestation data file

File Description--f109783

File: index.tab

  • Number of cases: 190

  • No. of variables per record: 12

  • Type of File: text/tab-separated-values

Notes:

UNF:3:5TETaw6ZeGN79TS5eYatfg==

2006 index variable data file

File Description--f109784

File: land.tab

  • Number of cases: 257

  • No. of variables per record: 11

  • Type of File: text/tab-separated-values

Notes:

UNF:3:qZN5Y7nA8milv+/ZFtvNHg==

Land degradation data file

File Description--f109785

File: nox.tab

  • Number of cases: 197

  • No. of variables per record: 11

  • Type of File: text/tab-separated-values

Notes:

UNF:3:a52V9I8yHZGKNx0vPXjy8w==

NOX data file

Variable Description

List of Variables:
  • year - Year
  • popdense -  Population density (people per sq km)--
  • cow - COW
  • openc -  (%) Current Price Entries Openness in current prices
  • rgdpl -  ($ constant) Constant Price Entries Real GDP per capita (Constant pri
  • war - 1 if interstate war or civil war, from PRIO Armed Conflict dataset
  • dem - level of democracy
  • co2 -  CO2 emissions (metric tons per capita)
  • rgdplsq - real gdp per capita squared
  • co2lead
  • demdum
  • autdum
  • organicwaterlog
  • organicwaterloglead
  • cow - COW
  • year
  • popdense - (mean) popdense
  • openc - (mean) openc
  • rgdpl - (mean) rgdpl
  • dem - (mean) dem
  • forest - (mean) forest
  • wardum - 1 if interstate war or civil war, from PRIO Armed Conflict dataset
  • deforest - forest cover change, 1990-2000, annual % rate of change
  • rgdplsq - real gdp per capita squared
  • demdum
  • autdum
  • forestlog
  • cow
  • system - SYSTEM
  • stress - STRESS
  • year - Year
  • popdense -  Population density (people per sq km)--
  • openc -  (%) Current Price Entries Openness in current prices
  • rgdpl -  ($ constant) Constant Price Entries Real GDP per capita (Constant pri
  • war - 1 if interstate war or civil war, from PRIO Armed Conflict dataset
  • dem -  combined polity score, transition codes filled
  • rgdplsq - real gdp per capita squared
  • demdum
  • autdum
  • year - Year
  • cow - COW
  • war - 1 if interstate war or civil war, from PRIO Armed Conflict dataset
  • dem - level of democracy
  • popdenselog - population density, logged
  • land2log
  • rgdplog
  • rgdplogsq
  • openclog
  • demdum
  • autdum
  • year - Year
  • popdense -  Population density (people per sq km)--
  • cow - COW
  • openc -  (%) Current Price Entries Openness in current prices
  • rgdpl -  ($ constant) Constant Price Entries Real GDP per capita (Constant pri
  • war - 1 if interstate war or civil war, from PRIO Armed Conflict dataset
  • dem - level of democracy
  • rgdplsq - real gdp per capita squared
  • demdum
  • autdum
  • noxpcleadlog

Variables

Year

f109781 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:3:5ROKJ/nx8tl025/VVV12Kg==

Population density (people per sq km)--

f109781 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:3:pLErnlHoMscK2EVZrNtuMA==

COW

f109781 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:3:HXiHlSAdY2/LiH2IO9wZ5w==

(%) Current Price Entries Openness in current prices

f109781 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:3:EVEt8h02GFbyAQbt3TrCEA==

($ constant) Constant Price Entries Real GDP per capita (Constant pri

f109781 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:3:XUmmAHalfseVuY7DCjaS+Q==

1 if interstate war or civil war, from PRIO Armed Conflict dataset

f109781 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:3:qFMdREokDUjwX6qj9FKsPQ==

level of democracy

f109781 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:3:rML2AM2pW+LyNROglT4/Uw==

CO2 emissions (metric tons per capita)

f109781 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:3:cjc0mdM1lVIZmvDBpUI5+g==

real gdp per capita squared

f109781 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:3:hozA7Lw44i6LLckbXBBlUg==

co2lead

f109781 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:3:SwjVZagseR1/0AmBhmNpmw==

demdum

f109781 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:3:+hwYjAOUZxi9Pq1yCP59yw==

autdum

f109781 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:3:ZUtuooE94hD2j+Ca7b/hjQ==

organicwaterlog

f109781 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:3:yxsh1uYpciEQ6WYCq9fyig==

organicwaterloglead

f109781 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:3:WDsQ1mF1ULbSr+Bv4Le0kw==

COW

f109782 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:3:uXF5Bo8uJVQImUevytGmmw==

year

f109782 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:3:/zcSPfIVapipJ1ggrfIM7g==

(mean) popdense

f109782 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:3:hfQPPQxvH7mu4LxcTYENwg==

(mean) openc

f109782 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:3:TyfCGw3l80jBIan4ojVVxA==

(mean) rgdpl

f109782 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:3:Ze1oQgKPEckMXiPmVwA6Jg==

(mean) dem

f109782 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:3:KW2pL4/AfaDjhwmwRLq6/A==

(mean) forest

f109782 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:3:l7hdYRGO6MBMli1wh4F3TA==

1 if interstate war or civil war, from PRIO Armed Conflict dataset

f109782 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:3:IbF/IMhfh29aK8QX8kmtNQ==

forest cover change, 1990-2000, annual % rate of change

f109782 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:3:lPxb3L1xVGufeJGriXMh2g==

real gdp per capita squared

f109782 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:3:HhZMMBNxUKge8lzqb35wQg==

demdum

f109782 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:3:yk9TZnvYUchOJft5PsWd/g==

autdum

f109782 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:3:Cw+lg14L2gc/Yx+5gircrQ==

forestlog

f109782 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:3:B3HbKGVMheTKUjVAUIp8sQ==

cow

f109783 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:3:B5CorOO0HXJ+nLfeQ0csoQ==

SYSTEM

f109783 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:3:ZM9bX6b/EaYyRj6+1fHDFA==

STRESS

f109783 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:3:t4jFQ5YJG7KeSjDBXT1wdw==

Year

f109783 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:3:FvPpLmo58XnK/rSftgu9vw==

Population density (people per sq km)--

f109783 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:3:HL2FCOyaWrtb8G3UZ8qTdg==

(%) Current Price Entries Openness in current prices

f109783 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:3:cttDoqHWe25c5FMMPM/vVg==

($ constant) Constant Price Entries Real GDP per capita (Constant pri

f109783 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:3:EkgB9ZI1Mb7jfvKomapoqw==

1 if interstate war or civil war, from PRIO Armed Conflict dataset

f109783 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:3:pC7NTUV2B4GJ3ZT+uJmTNQ==

combined polity score, transition codes filled

f109783 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:3:YXqeCBD4/QueR1Z9+BTKSw==

real gdp per capita squared

f109783 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:3:ApcJ+vkHLNv1HgaR8xzWRw==

demdum

f109783 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:3:K+gFM+GHr7ROZtUOexDbPw==

autdum

f109783 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:3:NZ6MGnOCdJ/zRDnXC8GG8A==

Year

f109784 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:3:YdlEsOlkStkPNV1JZLPkuw==

COW

f109784 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:3:NV0xoqxPG8RF7O7UVvAAYw==

1 if interstate war or civil war, from PRIO Armed Conflict dataset

f109784 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:3:Hz8ICBrXshLAJS2RhXttbQ==

level of democracy

f109784 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:3:0FM9mAByhg0cApdOowLHlw==

population density, logged

f109784 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:3:zDJgCjbkqNOvdreBdkt1QQ==

land2log

f109784 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:3:YVSUuLrRJ/GzYa3Z+2GaCg==

rgdplog

f109784 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:3:+MrsnQgKoTgEnlnaH6Lyig==

rgdplogsq

f109784 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:3:Eet3Jpo5SFPf60hYoIPX2A==

openclog

f109784 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:3:TtXs6UD2ztXsqXJUWxeCtw==

demdum

f109784 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:3:bQGfC51BKeyKa8BWMoCTAg==

autdum

f109784 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:3:yz0UqD52TwXgaRrbO0yQpw==

Year

f109785 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:3:uMa+x2mmEwtDgMY97LPOuw==

Population density (people per sq km)--

f109785 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:3:eTVk13CJRaO5bblFzm09Zg==

COW

f109785 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:3:6Aobyb0iXrKAYDgQqWQkkg==

(%) Current Price Entries Openness in current prices

f109785 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:3:tY8d4TfV/93G0QYCnFVBog==

($ constant) Constant Price Entries Real GDP per capita (Constant pri

f109785 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:3:0nTshZuHnaFifzbt0XVz4w==

1 if interstate war or civil war, from PRIO Armed Conflict dataset

f109785 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:3:hwEHEnrnF+hVdhzSFm/Hdw==

level of democracy

f109785 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:3:gL0aHk1kdn/xZQmJNZ2How==

real gdp per capita squared

f109785 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:3:AnQLD6Ftaz7fKi892twl2A==

demdum

f109785 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:3:x2dT+ifh/NL5Q9CHZNz8FQ==

autdum

f109785 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:3:zDpcshEagakir0HsyVWW0Q==

noxpcleadlog

f109785 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:3:PeIWDRf1noVqPMdri6evwg==

Other Study-Related Materials

Label:

do_CO2_Water.do

Text:

CO2 and water pollution models

Notes:

text/plain; charset=US-ASCII

Other Study-Related Materials

Label:

do_deforestation.do

Text:

Deforestation model

Notes:

text/plain; charset=US-ASCII

Other Study-Related Materials

Label:

do_index.do

Text:

Index variable model

Notes:

text/plain; charset=US-ASCII

Other Study-Related Materials

Label:

do_land.do

Text:

Land degradation model

Notes:

text/plain; charset=US-ASCII

Other Study-Related Materials

Label:

do_nox.do

Text:

NOX model

Notes:

text/plain; charset=US-ASCII

Other Study-Related Materials

Label:

ISQ06.zip

Text:

Stata data file and do files as originally formatted

Notes:

application/x-zip-compressed