Replication Data for: Why Masses Support Democratic Backsliding (doi:10.7910/DVN/JXCCBJ)

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Part 1: Document Description
Part 2: Study Description
Part 3: Data Files Description
Part 4: Variable Description
Part 5: Other Study-Related Materials
Entire Codebook

Document Description

Citation

Title:

Replication Data for: Why Masses Support Democratic Backsliding

Identification Number:

doi:10.7910/DVN/JXCCBJ

Distributor:

Harvard Dataverse

Date of Distribution:

2025-02-12

Version:

Bibliographic Citation:

Gidron, Noam; Margalit, Yotam; Sheffer, Lior; Yakir, Itamar, 2025, "Replication Data for: Why Masses Support Democratic Backsliding", https://doi.org/10.7910/DVN/JXCCBJ, Harvard Dataverse, V1, UNF:6:kiFHVFg5Ej1niy6SP/oj2A== [fileUNF]

Study Description

Citation

Title:

Replication Data for: Why Masses Support Democratic Backsliding

Identification Number:

doi:10.7910/DVN/JXCCBJ

Authoring Entity:

Gidron, Noam (Hebrew University)

Margalit, Yotam (Tel-Aviv Univeristy)

Sheffer, Lior (Tel-Aviv Univeristy)

Yakir, Itamar (Yale University)

Producer:

Yakir, Itamar

Distributor:

Harvard Dataverse

Access Authority:

Yakir, Itamar

Depositor:

Yakir, Itamar

Date of Deposit:

2024-07-06

Holdings Information:

https://doi.org/10.7910/DVN/JXCCBJ

Study Scope

Keywords:

Social Sciences, Democratic backsliding, Affective polarization, Personalism

Abstract:

Concerns over democratic backsliding have proliferated recently, as elected politicians have sought to undermine democratic checks and balances. This study examines the underpinnings of public support for democratic backsliding, delineating five theoretical accounts: personalistic leadership, affective polarization, populism, majoritarianism and entanglement with the law. We test the explanatory power of these accounts within the Israeli context, leveraging panel survey data collected before and after the government announced its plan to curtail the courts. Results suggest that support for the plan is strongly associated with dislike of partisan opponents and attachment to Prime Minister Netanyahu, and more weakly with a majoritarian understanding of democracy and negative experiences with the legal system. Populist attitudes are not associated with support for the government's plan. Our study advances research in the field by disentangling theoretical accounts regarding support for democratic backsliding and testing them with rich panel data that began before the onset of the overhaul drive.

Notes:

This dataset underwent an independent verification process, complying with the AJPS Verification Policy updated June 2023, which replicated the tables and figures in the primary article. For the supplementary materials, verification was performed solely for the successful execution of the code. The verification process was carried out by the Cornell Center for Social Sciences at Cornell University. The associated article has been awarded the Open Materials Badge. Learn more about the Open Practice Badges from the <a href="https://www.cos.io/">Center for Open Science</a>. <img src="https://socialsciences.cornell.edu/sites/default/files/2024-04/materials_large_color.png" alt="Open Materials Badge " width="60" height="60"> Open Materials Badge

Methodology and Processing

Sources Statement

Data Sources:

Gidron, N., Sheffer, L., & Mor, G. (2022). The Israel polarization panel dataset, 2019–2021. Electoral Studies, 80, 102512.

The Israel Democracy Institute, The Viterbi Center, Flash Poll regarding the judicial reforms, 17-27/4/2023 (code: U0118).

Israeli Central Bureau of Statistics. (2022). Labor Force Survey 2022 [Data set]. Israeli Central Bureau of Statistics. https://www.cbs.gov.il

Central Elections Committee. (2022). Results from national elections – by locality [Data set]. The Central Elections Committee for the 25th Knesset. https://votes25.bechirot.gov.il/

Data Access

Disclaimer:

The American Journal of Political Science and the Cornell Center for Social Sciences are not responsible for the accuracy or quality of data uploaded within the AJPS Dataverse, for the use of those data, or for interpretations or conclusions based on their use.

Other Study Description Materials

File Description--f10807844

File: fig1_data.tab

Number of cases: 758
No. of variables per record: 5
Type of File: text/tab-separated-values

Notes:

UNF:6:P1LKdcD3XV+kEHGpGUqiFg==

separate concise data for figure 1 only

File Description--f10807846

File: fig2_data.tab

Number of cases: 712
No. of variables per record: 5
Type of File: text/tab-separated-values

Notes:

UNF:6:Z1p0qm19F+e36pMt4cJZkA==

separate concise data for figure 2 only

File Description--f10366110

File: fig_s4_data_support_by_sources.tab

Number of cases: 3
No. of variables per record: 2
Type of File: text/tab-separated-values

Notes:

UNF:6:syYIM/gsEWkQOHg4vTkVfw==

separate concise data for figure 4 only

File Description--f10807847

File: fig_s5_surveytiming_w11_and_block.tab

Number of cases: 1061
No. of variables per record: 3
Type of File: text/tab-separated-values

Notes:

UNF:6:LQnv+g4Zh9zupGKS0KlIzg==

data for creating figure s5 only

File Description--f10807843

File: ready_for_analysis_data.tab

Number of cases: 2310
No. of variables per record: 90
Type of File: text/tab-separated-values

Notes:

UNF:6:2xyo2tmfdRUDillVQfgxbg==

main data file that for creating all tables & figures of the papers, excluding four figures

Variable Description

List of Variables:

weightjewarab_ - Survey weight by ethnicity
isarab - An Arab respondent (=1)
opinion_on_reform_numer - Opinion regarding judicial overhual (5=very good)
idi_apr_opposition_coalit - Political block for
opposit_coalit_arb - Political block for and ethnicity
w12_supports_the_reform_01 - w12_supports_the_reform_01
pre_conf - pre_conf
effective_samples - effective_samples
vote_choice_w11_or_w12 - vote_choice_w11_or_w12
w11_opposition_coalition - w11_opposition_coalition
source - source
support - support
userId - Respondent serial number
recordeddate_h - Date and time of response
w11_opposition_coalition - Political block voted for
userId - User ID
byear - Year of birth
relid - Religiosity
edu - Education level
mahoz - Regional district
w10_netanyahu_thermomete_1 - Netanyahu thermometer, wave 10
w11_vote_choice - Vote choice, wave 11
w11_left_right - Left-Right self-identification, wave 11
w11_netanyahu_thermometer - Netanyahu thermometer, wave 11
w11_dem_definition - Democracy definition, wave 11
w11_popul_ppl_shud_decid - Populism.Agreeing that: People should decide, wave 11
w11_popul_polit_dntcare - Populism.Agreeing that: Politicians don't care, wave 11
w11_popul_politic_comprom - Populism.Agreeing that: Politicians compromise, wave 11
w12_reform_support - Support for reform, wave 12
w12_vote_choice - Vote choice, wave 12
w12_left_right - Left-Right self-identification, wave 12
w12_netanyahu_thermometer - Netanyahu thermometer, wave 12
w12_dem_definition_1 - Democracy definition, wave 12
w12_law_contact_exp - Experience of contact with the Law system, wave 12
w12_popul_ppl_shud_decid - Populism.Agreeing that: People should decide, wave 12
w12_popul_polit_dntcare - Populism.Agreeing that: Politicians don't care, wave 12
w12_popul_politic_comprom - Populism.Agreeing that: Politicians compromise, wave 12
w12_new_participant - Sample identifier: panelists vs new participants, wave 12
w12_reform_support_numer - Support for reform, wave 12, Numerical
w12_popul_politic_comprom_numer - Populism.Agreeing that: Politicians compromise, wave 12, numerical
w12_popul_ppl_shud_decid_numer - Populism.Agreeing that: People should decide, wave 12, numerical
w12_popul_polit_dntcare_numer - Populism.Agreeing that: Politicians don't care, wave 12, numerical
w11_popul_politic_comprom_numer - Populism.Agreeing that: Politicians compromise, wave 11, numerical
w11_popul_ppl_shud_decid_numer - Populism.Agreeing that: People should decide, wave 11, numerical
w11_popul_polit_dntcare_numer - Populism.Agreeing that: Politicians don't care, wave 11, numerical
w12_law_contact_exp_numer - Experience of contact with the Law system, wave 12,numerical
attitude_to_arabs - Attitude toward the Israeli-Arab conflict (high=hawkish)
w12_dem_defini_narrow_wide - Democracy definition (narrow/wide), wave 12
female - Female (=1)
married - Married (=1)
academic - Has an Academic degree (=1)
w12_supports_the_reform_01 - Supports reform (binary), wave 12
w12_vote_choice_numer - Vote choice, wave 12 (numerical)
w12_opposition_coalition - Political block: Opposition=0,coalition=1,wave12
w11_vote_choice_numer - Vote choice, wave 11 (numerical)
w11_opposition_coalition - Political block: Opposition=0,coalition=1,wave11
w12_affective - Original thermometer toward out-parties, wave 12
w11_affective - Original thermometer toward out-parties, wave 11
w12_law_contact_exp_several - Law contact experience (several), wave 12
w12_dem_def_01 - Democracy definition (binary), wave 12
w12_dem_def_median - Democracy definition (median), wave 12
w11_dem_def_01 - Democracy definition (binary), wave 11
w11_dem_def_median - Democracy definition (median), wave 11
w12_netan_01 - Netanyahu thermometer, wave 12 (binary)
w12_net_median - Netanyahu thermometer, wave 12 (median)
w11_netan_01 - Netanyahu thermometer, wave 11 (binary)
w11_net_median - Netanyahu thermometer, wave 11 (median)
w12_outprt_thrm01 - Outgroup party thermometer (binary,hate=1), wave 12
w11_outprt_thrm01 - Outgroup party thermometer (binary,hate=1), wave 11
w12_outprt_dslk01_separate - Outparty dislike (separately per block), wave 12
w11_outprt_dslk01_separate - Outparty dislike (separately per block), wave 11
w11_outprt_dslk01_spr_med - Outparty dislike (separately per block), wave 11, based on median value
w12_outprt_dslk01_spr_med - Outparty dislike (separately per block), wave 12, based on median value
w12_popul_3var - Populism (3 variables), wave 12
w11_popul_3var - Populism (3 variables), wave 11
w12_popul_3var_binar - Populism (binary, 3 variables), wave 12
w11_popul_3var_binar - Populism (binary, 3 variables), wave 11
w12_popul_median - Populism (median), wave 12
w11_popul_median - Populism (median), wave 11
periphery - Resident of geographical periphery (=1)
w12_law_contact_exp_any - Experience of contact with the Law system, wave 12 (any=1)
vote_choice_w11_or_w12 - Vote choice (wave 11 or 12), the earliest
recordeddate_h - Recorded date
pre_conf - Submitted response before press conference (=1)
inv_w12_dem_definition - Inverted democracy definition, wave 12
inv_w11_dem_definition - Inverted democracy definition, wave 11
inv_w12_dem_def_01 - Inverted democracy definition (binary), wave 12
inv_w12_dem_def_median - Inverted democracy definition (median), wave 12
inv_w11_dem_def_01 - Inverted democracy definition (binary), wave 11
inv_w11_dem_def_median - Inverted democracy definition (median), wave 11
w11_thrm_twrd_outgrp_prts_orig - Original thermometer toward out-parties, wave 11
w12_thrm_twrd_outgrp_prts_orig - Original thermometer toward out-parties, wave 12
inv_w11_outpartythrm - Outparty thermometer, wave 11, Inverted for Coalition
inv_w12_outpartythrm - Outparty thermometer, wave 12, Inverted for Coalition
effective_sample_w11 - Effective sample=no missings, wave 11
effective_sample_w12 - Effective sample=no missings, wave 12
effective_samples - Effective samples=no missings (overall)
w10_thrm_twrd_outgrp_prts - Original thermometer toward out-parties, wave 10
w11_thermo_Reiljan - Reiljan-based thermometer, wave 11
w11_thermo_Reiljan_blockwise - Reiljan-based thermometer, wave 11 (blockwise)
inv_w11_thermo_Reiljan_blockwise - Inverted Reiljan thermometer (blockwise), wave 11
relid_1 - Religiosity: is secular
relid_2 - Religiosity: is traditional
relid_3 - Religiosity: is religious
relid_4 - Religiosity: is ultra-orthodox

Variables

Survey weight by ethnicity

f10807844 Location:

Summary Statistics: Min. 0.8591; Valid 758.0; Max. 1.0348; StDev 0.07004653197348858; Mean 1.0000308707124008;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:xL6HCDRIIDMnw7sVqf7ohQ==

An Arab respondent (=1)

f10807844 Location:

Summary Statistics: Max. 1.0; StDev 0.3986712121427908; Mean 0.19788918205804693; Valid 758.0; Min. 0.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:NFzjaovfXfKoGSG2Hj07Wg==

Opinion regarding judicial overhual (5=very good)

f10807844 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency
3.	[3] Dont know	95
2.	[2] Quite bad	90
4.	[4] Quite good	154
1.	[1] Very bad	307
5.	[5] Very good	112

Summary Statistics: StDev 1.5333346618633803; Max. 5.0; Valid 758.0; Mean 2.569920844327179; Min. 1.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:wMjmehldi18t7yqSHoYZWA==

Political block for

f10807844 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency	Text
1.	Coalition	285
0.	Opposition	328

Summary Statistics: Max. 1.0; Valid 613.0; Mean 0.4649265905383356; StDev 0.49917566311015527; Min. 0.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:3a3H86WUUHyLKQpQnF4lNw==

Political block for and ethnicity

f10807844 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency
2.	Coalition	285
0.	Opposit: Jews	242
1.	Opposit: Arabs	86

Summary Statistics: Mean 1.0701468189233285; Min. 0.0; Valid 613.0; Max. 2.0; StDev 0.9253012994418901

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:cs0wVnrbfisE2ke8XJuQMg==

w12_supports_the_reform_01

f10807846 Location:

Summary Statistics: Min. 0.0; Valid 712.0; Max. 1.0; StDev 0.4776570530943084; Mean 0.351123595505618

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:1F9l4UciRmH5tYtgORLqDw==

pre_conf

f10807846 Location:

Summary Statistics: Mean 1.0; Min. 1.0; Valid 712.0; StDev 0.0; Max. 1.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:jTdDkjSO7xKRzlSrBOKVzg==

effective_samples

f10807846 Location:

Summary Statistics: Mean 1.0; Max. 1.0; Min. 1.0; Valid 712.0; StDev 0.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:jTdDkjSO7xKRzlSrBOKVzg==

vote_choice_w11_or_w12

f10807846 Location:

Variable Format: character

Notes: UNF:6:+ppIkYZrZ618ZZ81CoEdUQ==

w11_opposition_coalition

f10807846 Location:

Summary Statistics: Valid 712.0; StDev 0.49597177893450284; Max. 1.0; Min. 0.0; Mean 0.43398876404494374;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:l0FqKSLOcX+5XbSwStSICw==

source

f10366110 Location:

Variable Format: character

Notes: UNF:6:+7teGKTWNEBbERMoODzgkA==

support

f10366110 Location:

Summary Statistics: Mean 37.17666633333333; Max. 40.700001; StDev 3.0675138157801896; Min. 35.099998; Valid 3.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:9pfK246PWOIDHUbHSzwQuw==

Respondent serial number

f10807847 Location:

Summary Statistics: Max. 261759.0; Valid 1061.0; StDev 66128.08013270983; Mean 168631.52874646473; Min. 60779.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:zBVacJG5/5OWRCWK1lUzdg==

Date and time of response

f10807847 Location:

Variable Format: character

Notes: UNF:6:rsjXHBac2ok7SQJQfUAsmA==

Political block voted for

f10807847 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency	Text
0.	Opposition	532
1.	Coalition	441

Summary Statistics: Min. 0.0; StDev 0.4980644658043675; Mean 0.4532374100719426; Max. 1.0; Valid 973.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:eq2Lf2s7sInvHoSn5u3kjA==

User ID

f10807843 Location:

Summary Statistics: Valid 2310.0; StDev 82800.45673225618; Min. 60779.0; Max. 323792.0; Mean 199535.51212121246;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:IvjSSnPkJNiwYpizluoaUA==

Year of birth

f10807843 Location:

Summary Statistics: Mean 1979.1277056277056; Min. 1935.0; Valid 2310.0; Max. 2004.0; StDev 13.917521801545833

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:w/w2LZsUjHxAL+FNvpjbaA==

Religiosity

f10807843 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency
3.	[3] dati	354
4.	[4] haredi	247
2.	[2] masorti	401
1.	[1] secular	1308

Summary Statistics: StDev 1.052621193272244; Min. 1.0; Mean 1.8008658008657963; Valid 2310.0; Max. 4.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:ZxVXNqMfCiW+An3G/AI80w==

Education level

f10807843 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency
8.	[8 ] bachelor degree student	212
3.	[3 ] 11-12 years of study	129
6.	[6 ] during non-academic post-secondary education	68
2.	[2 ] 9-10 years of study	13
11.	[11] master degree graduate	393
13.	[13] doctor	35
5.	[5 ] graduated from high school	255
1.	[1 ] up to 8 years of study	10
12.	[12] doctoral student	20
4.	[4 ] high school education	22
9.	[9 ] bachelor degree graduate	711
10.	[10] master degree student	63
7.	[7 ] graduated from non-academic post-secondary education	376

Summary Statistics: Valid 2310.0; Max. 13.0; Min. 0.0; Mean 8.03852813852814; StDev 2.4055633328432986

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:8CVLA/RpE03OaYstO13D8A==

Regional district

f10807843 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency
8.	[8] Abroad	0
6.	[6] South	209
4.	[4] Center	655
3.	[3] Haifa	318
5.	[5] Tel Aviv	529
7.	[7] Judea and Samaria	129
2.	[2] North	196
1.	[1] Jerusalem	274

Summary Statistics: Max. 7.0; Mean 3.9142857142857155; StDev 1.6223093554006205; Valid 2310.0; Min. 1.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:f3faHGkZ3EbYimqfFB6r+Q==

Netanyahu thermometer, wave 10

f10807843 Location:

Summary Statistics: Mean 4.718887262079059; Min. 0.0; Max. 10.0; StDev 3.6528272813117777; Valid 683.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:UDOJ1IEhgX8EvWdGkJJxUQ==

Vote choice, wave 11

f10807843 Location:

Variable Format: character

Notes: UNF:6:j9ydazPozhu25SihRJVHxA==

Left-Right self-identification, wave 11

f10807843 Location:

Summary Statistics: Valid 712.0; Min. 0.0; StDev 2.342282838431362; Max. 10.0; Mean 6.327247191011241

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:hjx2jwvDqOCmqkS7xE48Fw==

Netanyahu thermometer, wave 11

f10807843 Location:

Summary Statistics: Max. 10.0; StDev 3.5729844472913213; Mean 4.688202247191015; Min. 0.0; Valid 712.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:fhPgQWeXs8IalTD1prjz2w==

Democracy definition, wave 11

f10807843 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency	Text
0.	majority rule	39
10.	human rights	123

Summary Statistics: Valid 712.0; Mean 6.4494382022471894; Min. 0.0; StDev 2.9315154933235688; Max. 10.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:vLQCa0KlfUw+F6cvGwhugA==

Populism.Agreeing that: People should decide, wave 11

f10807843 Location:

Variable Format: character

Notes: UNF:6:kBBVc23EjLg2OkSEa5M39g==

Populism.Agreeing that: Politicians don't care, wave 11

f10807843 Location:

Variable Format: character

Notes: UNF:6:eI/47X4TbIZm14OgGVngRg==

Populism.Agreeing that: Politicians compromise, wave 11

f10807843 Location:

Variable Format: character

Notes: UNF:6:FtCXyFM9T4dBZ/g9kfjpuw==

Support for reform, wave 12

f10807843 Location:

Variable Format: character

Notes: UNF:6:QtjlS8bud/JXRaEyFeL71g==

Vote choice, wave 12

f10807843 Location:

Variable Format: character

Notes: UNF:6:PDdUNoCekYtg6g6GaDWZkQ==

Left-Right self-identification, wave 12

f10807843 Location:

Summary Statistics: Mean 6.476623376623377; Valid 2310.0; Min. 0.0; Max. 10.0; StDev 2.2394778422159947

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:nfOt8gQghL+/Y4ZuCCc6ZA==

Netanyahu thermometer, wave 12

f10807843 Location:

Summary Statistics: Valid 2309.0; Min. 0.0; Mean 4.308358596795148; StDev 3.586903814862072; Max. 10.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:DTCgPbPhHn1xn0vtGp+1pA==

Democracy definition, wave 12

f10807843 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency	Text
0.	majority rule	155
10.	human rights	585

Summary Statistics: Valid 2310.0; Mean 6.644155844155844; StDev 3.138184347324051; Min. 0.0; Max. 10.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:3PpsQDd7t9xJN1zlWfTXtw==

Experience of contact with the Law system, wave 12

f10807843 Location:

Variable Format: character

Notes: UNF:6:7dDDGkytYpoAgdATMG12eA==

Populism.Agreeing that: People should decide, wave 12

f10807843 Location:

Variable Format: character

Notes: UNF:6:U0FeDzHxkl6LUN4XAyfUdQ==

Populism.Agreeing that: Politicians don't care, wave 12

f10807843 Location:

Variable Format: character

Notes: UNF:6:nRqizuKfUTv/7zNKCcuuxQ==

Populism.Agreeing that: Politicians compromise, wave 12

f10807843 Location:

Variable Format: character

Notes: UNF:6:rga14SEAsTgTjnKCMwn26A==

Sample identifier: panelists vs new participants, wave 12

f10807843 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency
0.	Pre.w12+w12	712
1.	w12.only	1598
2.	Pre.w12.only	0

Summary Statistics: Max. 1.0; StDev 0.4618600815461515; Min. 0.0; Mean 0.6917748917748834; Valid 2310.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:MfHkdrzLanWObW23U67O0Q==

Support for reform, wave 12, Numerical

f10807843 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency
2.	[2] Object	474
4.	[4] Support	462
5.	[5] Strongly support	439
1.	[1] Strongly object	671
3.	[3] Neither object nor support	264

Summary Statistics: Valid 2310.0; StDev 1.511886661845227; Max. 5.0; Mean 2.7939393939393935; Min. 1.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:jLBCTCRBDhqWbHi2VpUfAQ==

Populism.Agreeing that: Politicians compromise, wave 12, numerical

f10807843 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency
3.	[3] In the middle	815
1.	[1] Strongly disagree	245
4.	[4] Tend to agree	446
2.	[2] Tend to disagree	624
5.	[5] Strongly agree	179

Summary Statistics: StDev 1.086465548401953; Max. 5.0; Valid 2309.0; Min. 1.0; Mean 2.8657427457773923

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:CdU36KPX/qwP5NtaBgfV6g==

Populism.Agreeing that: People should decide, wave 12, numerical

f10807843 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency
1.	[1] Strongly disagree	174
5.	[5] Strongly agree	329
4.	[4] Tend to agree	584
2.	[2] Tend to disagree	427
3.	[3] In the middle	796

Summary Statistics: Valid 2310.0; Mean 3.2021645021645027; Min. 1.0; Max. 5.0; StDev 1.1262045045993163

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:E4WwQsS/aOstxIMPtkaYbA==

Populism.Agreeing that: Politicians don't care, wave 12, numerical

f10807843 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency
5.	[5] Strongly agree	510
1.	[1] Strongly disagree	130
2.	[2] Tend to disagree	324
4.	[4] Tend to agree	765
3.	[3] In the middle	581

Summary Statistics: Min. 1.0; StDev 1.1445133360471487; Valid 2310.0; Max. 5.0; Mean 3.519913419913418

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:J5AIe051mLRZ5Sh/7p5G/w==

Populism.Agreeing that: Politicians compromise, wave 11, numerical

f10807843 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency
5.	[5] Strongly agree	68
3.	[3] In the middle	230
2.	[2] Tend to disagree	180
4.	[4] Tend to agree	174
1.	[1] Strongly disagree	60

Summary Statistics: Valid 712.0; StDev 1.1035421491958313; Mean 3.0140449438202253; Min. 1.0; Max. 5.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:1HYLrHHEj03r71+pHmL3iQ==

Populism.Agreeing that: People should decide, wave 11, numerical

f10807843 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency
5.	[5] Strongly agree	101
3.	[3] In the middle	250
4.	[4] Tend to agree	181
2.	[2] Tend to disagree	136
1.	[1] Strongly disagree	44

Summary Statistics: Mean 3.223314606741573; Min. 1.0; Max. 5.0; Valid 712.0; StDev 1.1007560229774251;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:yG2J1nT1QaDNeXxQRzjGDw==

Populism.Agreeing that: Politicians don't care, wave 11, numerical

f10807843 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency
1.	[1] Strongly disagree	30
3.	[3] In the middle	167
2.	[2] Tend to disagree	96
4.	[4] Tend to agree	257
5.	[5] Strongly agree	162

Summary Statistics: Valid 712.0; StDev 1.10446810374503; Mean 3.59691011235955; Min. 1.0; Max. 5.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:Nr+D0MFuCjMvkGTv6WleGQ==

Experience of contact with the Law system, wave 12,numerical

f10807843 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency
3.	[3] Once	242
2.	[2] No	1204
4.	[4] Several times	395
1.	[1] Don't Know/Remember	469
5.	[5]	0

Summary Statistics: Mean 2.2437229437229442; Min. 1.0; StDev 0.9658042339932558; Max. 4.0; Valid 2310.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:BsmOZbs+8UJFf2ClH7nTxA==

Attitude toward the Israeli-Arab conflict (high=hawkish)

f10807843 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency	Text
5.	Hawkish	64
1.	Dovish	18

Summary Statistics: Mean 3.3052434459161244; StDev 1.052298537382713; Max. 5.0; Min. 1.0; Valid 712.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:u/ocwS/EuD29F4h5Ka9QOg==

Democracy definition (narrow/wide), wave 12

f10807843 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency	Text
0.	Narrow def. (0-7)	1187
1.	Wide def. (8-10)	1123

Summary Statistics: Valid 2310.0; Min. 0.0; Mean 0.48614718614718666; StDev 0.49991628140900546; Max. 1.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:PEdQiwdQvj2IJktBaJ8NDA==

Female (=1)

f10807843 Location:

Summary Statistics: Mean 0.4870129870129864; Max. 1.0; StDev 0.49993953277090836; Min. 0.0; Valid 2310.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:MBh/nXAlhXLgjG1BPFW/hQ==

Married (=1)

f10807843 Location:

Summary Statistics: Mean 0.6354978354978349; Min. 0.0; Max. 1.0; StDev 0.4813944922890482; Valid 2310.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:nLUA8+49ZCut4Hpg1QdlqA==

Has an Academic degree (=1)

f10807843 Location:

Summary Statistics: StDev 0.48529819089415394; Min. 0.0; Max. 1.0; Valid 2310.0; Mean 0.6207792207792207

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:lOMHIMuumcIH54EI0nCcOw==

Supports reform (binary), wave 12

f10807843 Location:

Summary Statistics: Min. 0.0; Mean 0.3900432900432898; Max. 1.0; StDev 0.4878653068980649; Valid 2310.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:2aII8RXxljY0TvBWGL24IQ==

Vote choice, wave 12 (numerical)

f10807843 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency
1.	Blank vote	0
4.	Hamahane Hamamlahti	195
13.	Yesh Atid	358
10.	Raam	3
6.	Israel Beitenu	87
8.	Meretz	41
2.	Haavoda	82
7.	Likud	397
5.	Hazionut Hadatit	199
9.	Other/Don't Know	0
3.	Hadash-Taal	2
11.	Shas	131
12.	Yahadut Hatorah	103

Summary Statistics: Min. 2.0; Valid 1598.0; Max. 13.0; Mean 8.094493116395492; StDev 3.5769325964980263

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:JzC/Z48M/9fbkRRrs2WyQw==

Political block: Opposition=0,coalition=1,wave12

f10807843 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency	Text
1.	Coalition	1123
0.	Opposition	1171

Summary Statistics: Max. 1.0; Mean 0.4895379250217968; Valid 2294.0; Min. 0.0; StDev 0.4999995247274297

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:Z1TaXp131xgCoFGr2B3ABA==

Vote choice, wave 11 (numerical)

f10807843 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency
10.	Meretz	28
1.	Balad-Raam	1
3.	Haavoda	50
9.	Likud	153
7.	Hazionut Hadatit	81
11.	Other/Don't Know	0
12.	Raam	1
13.	Shas	29
4.	Habayit Hayehudi	16
15.	Yesh Atid	207
14.	Yahadut Hatorah	30
6.	Hamahane Hamamlahti	81
2.	Blank vote	0
8.	Israel Beitenu	32
5.	Hadash-Taal	3

Summary Statistics: Max. 15.0; Min. 1.0; StDev 4.005597270627817; Mean 9.985955056179746; Valid 712.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:GkZH6oyZHZT44o2dh1WjsQ==

Political block: Opposition=0,coalition=1,wave11

f10807843 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency	Text
0.	Opposition	403
1.	Coalition	309

Summary Statistics: StDev 0.4959717789345066; Max. 1.0; Mean 0.4339887640449454; Valid 712.0; Min. 0.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:j5jnVx1OP0gT77o3hebQmQ==

Original thermometer toward out-parties, wave 12

f10807843 Location:

Summary Statistics: Mean 2.043867749624223; Min. 0.0; Max. 10.0; StDev 1.7125907962060636; Valid 2291.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:P85fQi38HbvOHEFfnD8x/A==

Original thermometer toward out-parties, wave 11

f10807843 Location:

Summary Statistics: Valid 712.0; Mean 2.236925567950261; StDev 1.7551974497796874; Min. 0.0; Max. 10.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:XJDziOO1GIC339+xbjUiyw==

Law contact experience (several), wave 12

f10807843 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency	Text
1.	Several times	395
0.	Never or once	1915

Summary Statistics: Min. 0.0; Max. 1.0; Valid 2310.0; StDev 0.3765867023312979; Mean 0.1709956709956711;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:837Rt8Wt5gQE4bYEVoWKpA==

Democracy definition (binary), wave 12

f10807843 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency	Text
1.	8-10 (HumanRights)	1123
0.	0-7 (majorityRule)	1187

Summary Statistics: Max. 1.0; StDev 0.49991628140900546; Valid 2310.0; Mean 0.48614718614718666; Min. 0.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:PEdQiwdQvj2IJktBaJ8NDA==

Democracy definition (median), wave 12

f10807843 Location:

Summary Statistics: Valid 2310.0; Max. 1.0; StDev 0.49991628140900546; Mean 0.48614718614718666; Min. 0.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:PEdQiwdQvj2IJktBaJ8NDA==

Democracy definition (binary), wave 11

f10807843 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency	Text
1.	8-10 (HumanRights)	317
0.	0-7 (majorityRule)	395

Summary Statistics: Mean 0.44522471910112377; Max. 1.0; StDev 0.49733999051684347; Min. 0.0; Valid 712.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:0eMTjXWU9Cu6KL3+4JdKBA==

Democracy definition (median), wave 11

f10807843 Location:

Summary Statistics: Min. 0.0; Valid 712.0; Max. 1.0; Mean 0.44522471910112377; StDev 0.49733999051684347;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:0eMTjXWU9Cu6KL3+4JdKBA==

Netanyahu thermometer, wave 12 (binary)

f10807843 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency	Text
0.	0-7	1697
1.	8-10 (Love)	612

Summary Statistics: Valid 2309.0; Mean 0.265049805110438; Max. 1.0; StDev 0.44145532878243776; Min. 0.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:p3AHIWfwOTEiz6/0CRJCqw==

Netanyahu thermometer, wave 12 (median)

f10807843 Location:

Summary Statistics: Mean 0.48202685145084484; Min. 0.0; Max. 1.0; StDev 0.49978509867670035; Valid 2309.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:RPuZuILfYFyAkVyZ1q4X3g==

Netanyahu thermometer, wave 11 (binary)

f10807843 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency	Text
0.	0-7	494
1.	8-10 (Love)	218

Summary Statistics: StDev 0.46122933785038445; Valid 712.0; Min. 0.0; Mean 0.3061797752808998; Max. 1.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:cUwR/45VvOOdSdYKUKffhQ==

Netanyahu thermometer, wave 11 (median)

f10807843 Location:

Summary Statistics: Valid 712.0; Min. 0.0; Max. 1.0; Mean 0.4297752808988767; StDev 0.49539193599215836

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:SlxtP2NrJsfTg4hgr+LftA==

Outgroup party thermometer (binary,hate=1), wave 12

f10807843 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency	Text
0.	3-10	1020
1.	0-2 (hate)	1271

Summary Statistics: StDev 0.49709864049028274; Max. 1.0; Mean 0.5547795722391968; Valid 2291.0; Min. 0.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:Cw8lTqVINlQLkGCMJLElrA==

Outgroup party thermometer (binary,hate=1), wave 11

f10807843 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency	Text
1.	0-2 (hate)	345
0.	3-10	367

Summary Statistics: Max. 1.0; StDev 0.5001125839208859; Min. 0.0; Mean 0.48455056179775224; Valid 712.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:dTu8gRKVJMcxk8X4ZXGeLQ==

Outparty dislike (separately per block), wave 12

f10807843 Location:

Summary Statistics: Valid 2291.0; Mean 0.4823221300742034; StDev 0.4997964853363712; Min. 0.0; Max. 1.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:rSdXacOqKRYxutiyVAU/pw==

Outparty dislike (separately per block), wave 11

f10807843 Location:

Summary Statistics: Mean 0.5112359550561798; Max. 1.0; Valid 712.0; StDev 0.500225142502906; Min. 0.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:HkB+qs8LwVrJ+3nsIuUThg==

Outparty dislike (separately per block), wave 11, based on median value

f10807843 Location:

Summary Statistics: Min. 0.0; Valid 712.0; StDev 0.5002547589730844; Max. 1.0; Mean 0.49016853932584264

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:ncpwAdEeco8Rr8WHflm7YA==

Outparty dislike (separately per block), wave 12, based on median value

f10807843 Location:

Summary Statistics: Min. 0.0; Valid 2291.0; Mean 0.49890877346137097; StDev 0.500107967353379; Max. 1.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:T6YG/2TuQQnxOX8oRKYkpw==

Populism (3 variables), wave 12

f10807843 Location:

Summary Statistics: Valid 2309.0; StDev 0.7941734468908564; Max. 5.0; Min. 1.0; Mean 3.196188833043398

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:7FzuyO0BhlFEu/008VBeLw==

Populism (3 variables), wave 11

f10807843 Location:

Summary Statistics: Valid 712.0; Mean 3.278089895007316; StDev 0.8171130235374834; Max. 5.0; Min. 1.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:4IDKdbDH30GlN/W3X1x5KQ==

Populism (binary, 3 variables), wave 12

f10807843 Location:

Summary Statistics: StDev 0.408963473538264; Max. 1.0; Mean 0.2122130792550887; Min. 0.0; Valid 2309.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:Ml03O5YusDRMMZ3GsrghAA==

Populism (binary, 3 variables), wave 11

f10807843 Location:

Summary Statistics: Max. 1.0; Min. 0.0; Mean 0.2289325842696632; Valid 712.0; StDev 0.4204411131489655

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:Tw5GKU4m/MlyTRFw3nxQNA==

Populism (median), wave 12

f10807843 Location:

Summary Statistics: Max. 1.0; Min. 0.0; Mean 0.34343871805976667; StDev 0.4749592231783993; Valid 2309.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:WZFEYf1RzO+1LVGKIY0/Tw==

Populism (median), wave 11

f10807843 Location:

Summary Statistics: Mean 0.4044943820224718; StDev 0.4911389472541188; Max. 1.0; Min. 0.0; Valid 712.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:odvgP43/NW+bV/78S6gHiw==

Resident of geographical periphery (=1)

f10807843 Location:

Summary Statistics: Max. 1.0; StDev 0.4216714067788697; Mean 0.23116883116883136; Valid 2310.0; Min. 0.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:0ikdEyD3HEEM9EidmF266A==

Experience of contact with the Law system, wave 12 (any=1)

f10807843 Location:

Summary Statistics: Max. 1.0; Valid 2310.0; Min. 0.0; Mean 0.275757575757576; StDev 0.4469919791991253;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:C+gVIkyEy9pr6UIX2JdcOQ==

Vote choice (wave 11 or 12), the earliest

f10807843 Location:

Variable Format: character

Notes: UNF:6:CIXbgMx6UgkUr5ba3bSg9w==

Recorded date

f10807843 Location:

Variable Format: character

Notes: UNF:6:8sXor0KaVfHjkgdWckobUw==

Submitted response before press conference (=1)

f10807843 Location:

Summary Statistics: Min. 1.0; Max. 1.0; Mean 1.0; StDev 0.0; Valid 712.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:XZd/iV9th4G8R6tT5Z9JNg==

Inverted democracy definition, wave 12

f10807843 Location:

Summary Statistics: Mean 3.355844155844156; Valid 2310.0; StDev 3.138184347324051; Max. 10.0; Min. 0.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:MjueZeR6Qotyc2dUQUtgRQ==

Inverted democracy definition, wave 11

f10807843 Location:

Summary Statistics: Valid 712.0; Mean 3.5505617977528106; Min. 0.0; Max. 10.0; StDev 2.9315154933235688

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:7jGp8ifkRwQ53jC3nQfLXA==

Inverted democracy definition (binary), wave 12

f10807843 Location:

Summary Statistics: Min. 0.0; StDev 0.49991628140900546; Max. 1.0; Valid 2310.0; Mean 0.5138528138528133;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:fHyKJ5+DOWSD2Xhb1wQOwA==

Inverted democracy definition (median), wave 12

f10807843 Location:

Summary Statistics: StDev 0.49991628140900546; Valid 2310.0; Max. 1.0; Min. 0.0; Mean 0.5138528138528133

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:fHyKJ5+DOWSD2Xhb1wQOwA==

Inverted democracy definition (binary), wave 11

f10807843 Location:

Summary Statistics: Min. 0.0; StDev 0.49733999051684347; Valid 712.0; Max. 1.0; Mean 0.5547752808988763

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:Ugh11PW2iHXeW3xQAn99Rw==

Inverted democracy definition (median), wave 11

f10807843 Location:

Summary Statistics: Min. 0.0; Mean 0.5547752808988763; Valid 712.0; Max. 1.0; StDev 0.49733999051684347

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:Ugh11PW2iHXeW3xQAn99Rw==

Original thermometer toward out-parties, wave 11

f10807843 Location:

Summary Statistics: Valid 712.0; StDev 1.7552596969553786; Max. 10.010000228881836; Min. 0.0; Mean 2.236939613215543

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:6hFrZWVm2Rc+JnJ7MBXLLw==

Original thermometer toward out-parties, wave 12

f10807843 Location:

Summary Statistics: StDev 1.7126110960642449; Max. 10.010000228881836; Valid 2291.0; Mean 2.0438721146302807; Min. 0.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:hMq8rnzKcP1wTjlF5SMSeQ==

Outparty thermometer, wave 11, Inverted for Coalition

f10807843 Location:

Summary Statistics: Max. 10.010000228881836; Valid 712.0; Mean 4.665959283332806; StDev 3.2579804949343756; Min. 0.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:2T7F9vJ4Jk2v62ZORAVk2g==

Outparty thermometer, wave 12, Inverted for Coalition

f10807843 Location:

Summary Statistics: Max. 10.010000228881836; Min. 0.0; Valid 2291.0; Mean 4.88555435827534; StDev 3.4150316840632895

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:U7du9AeGE+wDsvhQTgRLqg==

Effective sample=no missings, wave 11

f10807843 Location:

Summary Statistics: Max. 1.0; Valid 712.0; StDev 0.0; Min. 1.0; Mean 1.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:XZd/iV9th4G8R6tT5Z9JNg==

Effective sample=no missings, wave 12

f10807843 Location:

Summary Statistics: Max. 1.0; Valid 1598.0; Mean 1.0; StDev 0.0; Min. 1.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:XOSGPqHDdRHoGEkTKl4WsA==

Effective samples=no missings (overall)

f10807843 Location:

Summary Statistics: StDev 0.0; Max. 1.0; Valid 2310.0; Min. 1.0; Mean 1.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:00Zq2XrcZMjEn2SmOliifw==

Original thermometer toward out-parties, wave 10

f10807843 Location:

Summary Statistics: StDev 2.0710785158010725; Valid 616.0; Max. 9.878999710083008; Min. 0.0; Mean 2.6552240251285317

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:pmYJ7IMt/MjcSXMyxP3ulg==

Reiljan-based thermometer, wave 11

f10807843 Location:

Summary Statistics: StDev 2.2727120922256816; Valid 711.0; Min. -7.301286220550537; Mean 4.903257158696232; Max. 10.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:iEJBicKmwWV1EkPfWdUc/A==

Reiljan-based thermometer, wave 11 (blockwise)

f10807843 Location:

Summary Statistics: StDev 2.876985328586428; Mean 6.137583679629625; Min. -10.010000228881836; Valid 711.0; Max. 10.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:FWm/VD4w1PRs1KxHF9ozjg==

Inverted Reiljan thermometer (blockwise), wave 11

f10807843 Location:

Summary Statistics: Min. -9.623000144958496; Mean 5.0262166055917525; StDev 3.0939094374071607; Valid 711.0; Max. 20.010000228881836

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:O6CskpjP/xThHoXfNh+8cQ==

Religiosity: is secular

f10807843 Location:

Summary Statistics: Max. 1.0; StDev 0.4957009786869618; Min. 0.0; Valid 2310.0; Mean 0.5662337662337674

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:nP17evuQ5GUTaxk5WGQpsg==

Religiosity: is traditional

f10807843 Location:

Summary Statistics: Mean 0.17359307359307358; Valid 2310.0; Min. 0.0; StDev 0.3788411917208365; Max. 1.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:nhFTsROs7naqm8nF/h98rA==

Religiosity: is religious

f10807843 Location:

Summary Statistics: Max. 1.0; Mean 0.15324675324675296; Valid 2310.0; Min. 0.0; StDev 0.36030318386165

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:GwwPN2/iXphSz7IMy6nMkw==

Religiosity: is ultra-orthodox

f10807843 Location:

Summary Statistics: Min. 0.0; Max. 1.0; StDev 0.3090865693584928; Mean 0.10692640692640605; Valid 2310.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:APluPeTBBxKRwwvjMAf8Wg==

Other Study-Related Materials

Label:

codebook_for_for_unique_figures.pdf

Text:

Codebooks for the remaining separate datasets that are not part of the main dataset

Notes:

application/pdf

Other Study-Related Materials

Label:

codebook_for_ICBS_LFS2022.pdf

Text:

Codebook for the original and computed variables used from the Labor force survey 2022 of the ICBS

Notes:

application/pdf

Other Study-Related Materials

Label:

codebook_for_maindata.pdf

Text:

Codebook for variables included in the main dataset

Notes:

application/pdf

Other Study-Related Materials

Label:

Readme.txt

Text:

short ReadMe that explains the order of analysis and the content of the replication folder

Notes:

text/plain

Other Study-Related Materials

Label:

REPLICATION_create_results_based_on_CBS_LFS_data2022.R

Notes:

type/x-r-syntax

Other Study-Related Materials

Label:

REPLICATION_fig2.R

Text:

R script for the creation of figure 2 only

Notes:

type/x-r-syntax

Other Study-Related Materials

Label:

REPLICATION_unifiedCode.do

Text:

main STATA code that creates all table & figures of the papers, excluding three figure, using STATA version 18

Notes:

application/x-stata-syntax