Replication data for: Multilateral Determinants of Regionalism: The Effects of GATT/WTO on the Formation of Preferential Trading Arrangements (doi:10.7910/DVN/KAP0NQ)

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Part 2: Study Description
Part 3: Data Files Description
Part 4: Variable Description
Part 5: Other Study-Related Materials
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Document Description

Citation

Title:

Replication data for: Multilateral Determinants of Regionalism: The Effects of GATT/WTO on the Formation of Preferential Trading Arrangements

Identification Number:

doi:10.7910/DVN/KAP0NQ

Distributor:

Harvard Dataverse

Date of Distribution:

2007-11-28

Version:

1

Bibliographic Citation:

Eric Reinhardt; Edward Mansfield, 2007, "Replication data for: Multilateral Determinants of Regionalism: The Effects of GATT/WTO on the Formation of Preferential Trading Arrangements", https://doi.org/10.7910/DVN/KAP0NQ, Harvard Dataverse, V1, UNF:3:AycFGyW7b9oWY2PEAEPUUw== [fileUNF]

Study Description

Citation

Title:

Replication data for: Multilateral Determinants of Regionalism: The Effects of GATT/WTO on the Formation of Preferential Trading Arrangements

Identification Number:

doi:10.7910/DVN/KAP0NQ

Authoring Entity:

Eric Reinhardt (Emory University)

Edward Mansfield (University of Pennsylvania)

Producer:

Eric Reinhardt

Date of Production:

2003

Distributor:

Harvard Dataverse

Access Authority:

Eric Reinhardt

Date of Deposit:

2007

Date of Distribution:

2007

Holdings Information:

https://doi.org/10.7910/DVN/KAP0NQ

Study Scope

Abstract:

Preferential trading arrangements (PTAs) have spread widely over the past fifty years. During the same era, multilateral openness has grown to unprecedented heights, spurred by the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) and its successor, the World Trade Organization (WTO). If the cornerstone of the manifestly successful multilateral regime is nondiscrimination, why have its members increasingly resorted to preferential liberalization? We argue that developments at the heart of GATT/WTO encourage its members to form PTAs as devices to obtain bargaining l everage within the multilateral regime+ Specifically, the growth in GATT/WTO membership, the periodic multilateral trade negotiation rounds, as well as participation and, especially, losses in formal GATT/WTO disputes, have led its members to seek entrance into PTAs. Conducting the first statistical tests on the subject, we find strong evidence in support of this argument.

Methodology and Processing

Sources Statement

Data Access

Notes:

<a href="http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0">CC0 1.0</a>

Other Study Description Materials

Related Publications

Citation

Title:

Edward D. Mansfield, Eric Reinhardt. 2003. “Multilateral Determinants of Regionalism: The Effects of GATT/WTO on the Formation of Preferential Trading Arrangements,” International Organization 57:4, 829-862. <a href="http://userwww.service.emory.edu/~erein/research/pta.pdf" target= "_new"> article available here </a>

Bibliographic Citation:

Edward D. Mansfield, Eric Reinhardt. 2003. “Multilateral Determinants of Regionalism: The Effects of GATT/WTO on the Formation of Preferential Trading Arrangements,” International Organization 57:4, 829-862. <a href="http://userwww.service.emory.edu/~erein/research/pta.pdf" target= "_new"> article available here </a>

File Description--f111105

File: mansfield-reinhardt-2003-b.tab

  • Number of cases: 341

  • No. of variables per record: 19

  • Type of File: text/tab-separated-values

Notes:

UNF:3:aEHEzyuIeoQcjXDOmAc6pA==

Data, Intercooled, for results on page 854

File Description--f111106

File: mansfield-reinhardt-2003.tab

  • Number of cases: 326530

  • No. of variables per record: 46

  • Type of File: text/tab-separated-values

Notes:

UNF:3:HF5257BdfSpgJBpqIk98Og==

Data file, Intercooled, for main results

Variable Description

List of Variables:
  • case - Case Number, Unique
  • stnam1 - State Name, Plaintiff (St1)
  • stnam2 - State Name, Defendant (St2)
  • stnum - State Code, Plaintiff
  • stnum2 - State Code, Defendant
  • year - Start Year
  • coop - Level of concessions by defendant
  • rul1 - Ruling for plaintiff
  • rul2 - Mixed ruling
  • rul3 - Ruling for defendant
  • manyntb - Any NTB?
  • mmanyd - Multiple types of measured disputed
  • panelbod - Panel body established
  • multiany - Multilateral dispute
  • mdisc2 - Discriminatory measures only
  • lng1 - Ln(GDP, con 95 USDs) Plaintiff
  • lng2 - Ln(GDP, con 95 USDs) Defendant
  • lnwithpta1 - Ln(GDP, con 95 USDs) Plaintiff with PTA partners
  • lnwithpta2 - Ln(GDP, con 95 USDs) Defendant with PTA partners
  • stnum - COW State Code
  • stnum2 - COW State Code, Partner
  • year - Year
  • mid15 - MID15 participation vs prtnr L1
  • growth1 - % Growth, L1, WDI>IFS
  • growth2 - % Growth, L1, WDI>IFS
  • demp981 - P98 Democ-Autoc St1 L1
  • demp982 - P98 Democ-Autoc St2 L1
  • alliance - Alliance, Any Type, L1
  • distance - Cap-cap distance (mi, 1000s), 95-98 filled in
  • pta2rl1 - PTA Exists? Recip Only L1
  • dyad - Unique Dyad Number
  • gattl1 - Number of Members (not counting EU), L1
  • tradep1 - 1's trade dependence on 2 as prop of 1's GDP, L1
  • tradep2 - 2's trade dependence on 1 as prop of 2's GDP, L2
  • tp2r1 - Trade partner PTA coverage i, t-1
  • tp2r2 - Trade partner PTA coverage j, t-1
  • hegl1 - Hegemony (US M+X)/(World M+X) w/World L1
  • round2 - MTN round underway, t
  • newptar - Dependent Variable: New PTA formation
  • pdsrfc - PTA Density, t-1 (centered, -0.07457)
  • pdsrfc2 - (PTA Density centered)^2, t-1
  • top2rat - Hegemony: 1st/2nd GDPs, G/W Membs L1
  • country1 - Country
  • country2 - Country
  • postcom - dummy: either transited fr commnst regime any time before
  • dtgattl1 - Detrended Number of Members
  • tr95 - bilateral trade in 95 USD trillions t-1
  • spldy1 - Spline 1
  • spldy2 - Spline 2
  • spldy3 - Spline 3
  • spldy4 - Spline 4
  • spldy5 - Spline 5
  • spldy6 - Spline 6
  • g1 - GDP con 95 trillions int'l $ L1, WDI>PWT
  • g2 - GDP con 95 trillions int'l $ L1, WDI>PWT
  • gc1 - GDP 1995 int'l $ per cap, 000s, L1, WDI>PWT
  • gc2 - GDP 1995 int'l $ per cap, 000s, L1, WDI>PWT
  • fmrcolb - Members of same former colonial system
  • n - Marker for the direction/side of this directed dyad
  • side_a - Random side picker: random_a: seed 7889593623064742
  • f_14 - New dispute with 3rd party, t-1
  • f123 - New dispute between i and j, t-1
  • bad14 - Dispute loss with 3rd party, t-3
  • nonewr - # of years since last newptar=1
  • dirdyad - Unique Directed Dyad Number

Variables

Case Number, Unique

f111105 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:3:Eki+bdRNfXa7pcekzFFBXg==

State Name, Plaintiff (St1)

f111105 Location:

Variable Format: character

Notes: UNF:3:PO81sLv7rzgj1xSHAp21iw==

State Name, Defendant (St2)

f111105 Location:

Variable Format: character

Notes: UNF:3:KNVVoKX/yTzoaDgIUwOKEw==

State Code, Plaintiff

f111105 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:3:xMvfMFI0qNXrFY9XdoNqxw==

State Code, Defendant

f111105 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:3:qg3jUiJxb6huBJ2XgQM/2A==

Start Year

f111105 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:3:wmG1DQ+dp7TSImwTi+fTeA==

Level of concessions by defendant

f111105 Location:

Value

Label

Frequency

Text

3.

Substantial concessions

130

1.

No concessions

120

2.

Partial concessions

91

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:3:3VWzl/I48m4g+6oBtauAkQ==

Ruling for plaintiff

f111105 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:3:2WydRreDkyn7tPRvgHYjVQ==

Mixed ruling

f111105 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:3:9Heczt/+gTuCof2nvd86uA==

Ruling for defendant

f111105 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:3:rgSLknYm1zjssDSSpcj5Sg==

Any NTB?

f111105 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:3:j9klU+Tw3X7rLsAaQ9zdyw==

Multiple types of measured disputed

f111105 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:3:IkDbppjR0IyvgSxhFUlVNg==

Panel body established

f111105 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:3:QuaeFiOrAulljQ6l8dwW7w==

Multilateral dispute

f111105 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:3:S7B7RN/BKKmbTpumr0bU0w==

Discriminatory measures only

f111105 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:3:aE2Fv7z2L5ugVKSgcvGsVw==

Ln(GDP, con 95 USDs) Plaintiff

f111105 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:3:P6UCWh0vwv3FbM2n3iThjw==

Ln(GDP, con 95 USDs) Defendant

f111105 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:3:Vh34DK6X45coR0wfmlvMBw==

Ln(GDP, con 95 USDs) Plaintiff with PTA partners

f111105 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:3:7Z4QuGkEIduw7rzj6bCUCA==

Ln(GDP, con 95 USDs) Defendant with PTA partners

f111105 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:3:rd/QF6m8J2px/FbIIqQYpA==

COW State Code

f111106 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:3:9N3XXx6UkgxNpd5tS31Slw==

COW State Code, Partner

f111106 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:3:zipWbcIg4mKLKXeIY3Bozg==

Year

f111106 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:3:8NxrgihS27RCMAuxrRannQ==

MID15 participation vs prtnr L1

f111106 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:3:qNXSXhnMmE21aa+zou3nSg==

% Growth, L1, WDI>IFS

f111106 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:3:bWU8XmlQdc/RCHOvb4HB8g==

% Growth, L1, WDI>IFS

f111106 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:3:y5aT5kV2uJFBNakXrWZQGw==

P98 Democ-Autoc St1 L1

f111106 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:3:n0l2l5CLIZwY6pP/tGfpRQ==

P98 Democ-Autoc St2 L1

f111106 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:3:689big5QZLdTn0Sm+zM1KA==

Alliance, Any Type, L1

f111106 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:3:mEIVKFMeTj6lMFgcKnwRSQ==

Cap-cap distance (mi, 1000s), 95-98 filled in

f111106 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:3:ME0pM9j2Drb/oQ1409llfA==

PTA Exists? Recip Only L1

f111106 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:3:7bocieFvbk78quQWYFd32A==

Unique Dyad Number

f111106 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:3:BrckAFSjhRJ6BwcfsE9g7Q==

Number of Members (not counting EU), L1

f111106 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:3:txqSXhNSkfWr5DcmGipBsA==

1's trade dependence on 2 as prop of 1's GDP, L1

f111106 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:3:mtTPcogPepiJEMpTfFEIxQ==

2's trade dependence on 1 as prop of 2's GDP, L2

f111106 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:3:DW2V00W02FWx+sj0RbglmQ==

Trade partner PTA coverage i, t-1

f111106 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:3:L7ToUW9Hj2QO9w6Aqeo1Mw==

Trade partner PTA coverage j, t-1

f111106 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:3:Gi9AAlS86wz/rAn6eYFXug==

Hegemony (US M+X)/(World M+X) w/World L1

f111106 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:3:zUWlv1t+GdUu4HSMqkW2BA==

MTN round underway, t

f111106 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:3:BorEWT7DRhrmVqKMmNJmRw==

Dependent Variable: New PTA formation

f111106 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:3:KO5j3Rg+EkyO3dArO2xMRw==

PTA Density, t-1 (centered, -0.07457)

f111106 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:3:UYiYcBnhEk3vhn7l9SjzKw==

(PTA Density centered)^2, t-1

f111106 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:3:RikVf4Bq4TNiaYDMXUP7cA==

Hegemony: 1st/2nd GDPs, G/W Membs L1

f111106 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:3:JuRhgV4xocI9nNwq+d3Aag==

Country

f111106 Location:

Variable Format: character

Notes: UNF:3:QFH20tPs250dQ/ZIVQmGCg==

Country

f111106 Location:

Variable Format: character

Notes: UNF:3:P9LOEbw1rCw8jg+GmUNwiA==

dummy: either transited fr commnst regime any time before

f111106 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:3:M3QIPmSjKf+iByXUet6Lug==

Detrended Number of Members

f111106 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:3:rzk6Gpr7s4GUBBjVOGHX6g==

bilateral trade in 95 USD trillions t-1

f111106 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:3:wHKPcJ6RTA3SMBZy4Kn3+Q==

Spline 1

f111106 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:3:FKrn3gzJ5qWNlfupcZYleg==

Spline 2

f111106 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:3:QTFwLZTO2g/T4K1/t0K5JA==

Spline 3

f111106 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:3:8ZsECsIIrfG3ZaZIdrgqnw==

Spline 4

f111106 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:3:2c55ZfUeOTNrx+rjpt/DfQ==

Spline 5

f111106 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:3:DFOcOUHlUhf0u9xy6d/G7g==

Spline 6

f111106 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:3:mi2Ji7/rA+H1hxfXPLvmsA==

GDP con 95 trillions int'l $ L1, WDI>PWT

f111106 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:3:xqKsV62/14cub56y6kYkvw==

GDP con 95 trillions int'l $ L1, WDI>PWT

f111106 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:3:uz7f/x5rky3oG5w2mb50Ug==

GDP 1995 int'l $ per cap, 000s, L1, WDI>PWT

f111106 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:3:E0GcjD/QpURHZMGmQYyVQA==

GDP 1995 int'l $ per cap, 000s, L1, WDI>PWT

f111106 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:3:e9s+Zv0p4lQfbur6g2harg==

Members of same former colonial system

f111106 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:3:eTpvcFPWy1fmJDv+t3ja7Q==

Marker for the direction/side of this directed dyad

f111106 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:3:BuncVqhQl98WiCLcaJ5BIw==

Random side picker: random_a: seed 7889593623064742

f111106 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:3:es8XhrGaXtkH/QdEh4g6Pw==

New dispute with 3rd party, t-1

f111106 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:3:L2UsK8dAz000p7xmVx7C7Q==

New dispute between i and j, t-1

f111106 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:3:0QNwtOKa+Oce8RokGlrXOA==

Dispute loss with 3rd party, t-3

f111106 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:3:CVacWELOAOjoZp/p7yX+4w==

# of years since last newptar=1

f111106 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:3:kS2u+u0oidwIgaL9BcrKkQ==

Unique Directed Dyad Number

f111106 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:3:AXFRnNCw1236NOVCBEAcvw==

Other Study-Related Materials

Label:

mansfield-reinhardt-2003-b.do

Text:

Stata 8.0 program to produce results on page 854

Notes:

text/plain; charset=US-ASCII

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mansfield-reinhardt-2003-b.log

Text:

ASCII log output of above program

Notes:

application/x-sas-log

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mansfield-reinhardt-2003-description.log

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ASCII log output of summary statistics and variable labels to aid in import of CSV-formatted file

Notes:

application/x-sas-log

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mansfield-reinhardt-2003.csv

Text:

Data in ASCII comma-delimited format, for main results

Notes:

application/vnd.ms-excel

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mansfield-reinhardt-2003.do

Text:

Stata 8.0 program to produce main results & sensitivity tests

Notes:

text/plain; charset=US-ASCII

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mansfield-reinhardt-2003.log

Text:

ASCII log output of above program

Notes:

application/x-sas-log

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mansfield-reinhardt-2003.pdf

Text:

Original article for this study

Notes:

application/pdf

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Label:

mansfield-reinhardt-2003.zip

Text:

Zip file contatining data for this study in original file formats

Notes:

application/x-zip-compressed

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Label:

readme.txt

Text:

Document describing the files and documentation for this study

Notes:

text/plain