Replication Data for: Who Debates, Who Wins? At-Scale Experimental Evidence on the Supply of Policy Information in a Liberian Election (doi:10.7910/DVN/KTMVT9)

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Part 1: Document Description
Part 2: Study Description
Part 3: Data Files Description
Part 4: Variable Description
Part 5: Other Study-Related Materials
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Document Description

Citation

Title:

Replication Data for: Who Debates, Who Wins? At-Scale Experimental Evidence on the Supply of Policy Information in a Liberian Election

Identification Number:

doi:10.7910/DVN/KTMVT9

Distributor:

Harvard Dataverse

Date of Distribution:

2025-01-21

Version:

Bibliographic Citation:

Bowles, Jeremy; Larreguy, Horacio, 2025, "Replication Data for: Who Debates, Who Wins? At-Scale Experimental Evidence on the Supply of Policy Information in a Liberian Election", https://doi.org/10.7910/DVN/KTMVT9, Harvard Dataverse, V1, UNF:6:iSykdW0J8hJtdz27lpmvDw== [fileUNF]

Study Description

Citation

Title:

Replication Data for: Who Debates, Who Wins? At-Scale Experimental Evidence on the Supply of Policy Information in a Liberian Election

Identification Number:

doi:10.7910/DVN/KTMVT9

Authoring Entity:

Bowles, Jeremy (UCL (University College London))

Larreguy, Horacio (ITAM)

Distributor:

Harvard Dataverse

Access Authority:

Bowles, Jeremy

Depositor:

Bowles, Jeremy

Date of Deposit:

2024-09-20

Holdings Information:

https://doi.org/10.7910/DVN/KTMVT9

Study Scope

Keywords:

Social Sciences

Abstract:

We examine how the effects of initiatives intended to promote programmatic competition are conditioned by candidates' often mixed incentives to participate in them. In a nationwide debate initiative designed to solicit and widely rebroadcast policy promises from Liberian legislative candidates, we analyze the randomized encouragement of debate participation across districts. The intervention substantially increased the debate participation of leading candidates but had uneven electoral consequences, with incumbents benefiting at the expense of their challengers. These results are driven by incumbents' more positive selection into participation on the basis of their policy alignment with voters; voters' heightened attention to them; and how candidates' campaigns responded in turn. The results underscore wide variation in candidates' suitability for programmatic politics and highlight important challenges in transitioning away from clientelistic political equilibria.

Methodology and Processing

Sources Statement

Data Access

Other Study Description Materials

Related Publications

Citation

Title:

BOWLES, JEREMY, and HORACIO LARREGUY. 2025. “Who Debates, Who Wins? At-Scale Experimental Evidence on the Supply of Policy Information in a Liberian Election.” American Political Science Review: 1–20.

Identification Number:

10.1017/S0003055424001254

Bibliographic Citation:

File Description--f10550407

File: data_candidates.tab

Number of cases: 982
No. of variables per record: 33
Type of File: text/tab-separated-values

Notes:

UNF:6:UpW9g6TWBQgMqyyH8AzUig==

File Description--f10550423

File: data_incumbents.tab

Number of cases: 73
No. of variables per record: 7
Type of File: text/tab-separated-values

Notes:

UNF:6:pPf2oq31gG5U+nyBoDq4LQ==

File Description--f10550389

File: data_ps.tab

Number of cases: 16006
No. of variables per record: 39
Type of File: text/tab-separated-values

Notes:

UNF:6:lu4oKNXfVDMiWf/WhXNiBw==

File Description--f10550413

File: data_transcript.tab

Number of cases: 468
No. of variables per record: 8
Type of File: text/tab-separated-values

Notes:

UNF:6:dnuxi1Jy2zDxOvUGOjbgWg==

File Description--f10550379

File: data_voter.tab

Number of cases: 4061
No. of variables per record: 77
Type of File: text/tab-separated-values

Notes:

UNF:6:3bEG5vTrW4yxHrWTnz7ISA==

File Description--f10550438

File: data_voter_candidate.tab

Number of cases: 12183
No. of variables per record: 105
Type of File: text/tab-separated-values

Notes:

UNF:6:IhwgiLyMoUIbU8k13pRVcA==

File Description--f10547543

File: question_correspondence.tab

Number of cases: 31
No. of variables per record: 2
Type of File: text/tab-separated-values

Notes:

UNF:6:kZM3cMgMixBCqFkvF+DFTg==

Variable Description

List of Variables:

EDCODE - Electoral District Code
ID_cand - Candidate code
t_block - Randomization block
t_invite - Intensive invitation intervention
wgt_all - Number of responding candidates
wgt_chal - Number of responding challengers
incumbent - Candidate is incumbent
top_chal - Candidate is challenger
cand_type - Candidate type
party_UP - Candidate party: UP
pref_match_cand - Policy alignment (candidate survey)
pref_match_share - Policy alignment (voter survey)
perf_pred - Debate performance
attend - Candidate attended debate
r_age - Candidate age
r_ran_before - Candidate ran for office before
r_gov_job_before - Candidate held non-elected gov job before
r_adv - Candidate has advocacy experience
r_NGO - Candidate worked for NGO before
r_ed_uni - Candidate has university education
r_radio_yes - Candidate owns or manages radio station
r_male - Candidate is male
r_expenditure - Campaign expenditure (USD)
why_duty - Why attend: Duty
why_attack - Why attend: Attack others
why_comp - Why attend: Competence
why_policy - Why attend: Policy
why_publicity - Why attend: Publicity
why_radio - Why attend: Radio
e_prom_diff - Candidates make different promises
e_prom_rally - Rally promises credibility
e_prom_radio - Radio promises credibility
took_survey - Responded to candidate survey
EDCODE - Electoral District Code
t_block - Randomization block
t_invite - Intensive invitation intervention
wgt_reg - Registered voters in ED
SC_present - Parliamentary session attendance rate
SC_absent - Parliamentary session absence rate
SC_distant - Parliamentary session away rate
EDCODE - ED of polling place
PS_n_stations - \hspace{0.1cm} Number of PS in VRC
PS_new - \hspace{0.1cm} VRC added in 2017
PS_n_stations_11 - \hspace{0.1cm} Number of PS in VRC (2011)
PS_vreg_11 - \hspace{0.1cm} Number of registered voters in VRC (2011)
PS_turnout_11 - \hspace{0.1cm} Turnout (2011)
PS_invalid_11 - \hspace{0.1cm} Share of invalid votes (2011)
PS_vreg - \hspace{0.1cm} Number of registered voters in PS (2017)
PS_covered - \hspace{0.1cm} PS covered by partner radio station
PS_urban - \hspace{0.1cm} Urban PS
ED_n_cand_17 - \hspace{0.1cm} ED: N candidates
ED_incum_run - \hspace{0.1cm} ED: incumbent running
ED_log_reg_17 - \hspace{0.1cm} ED: log reg voters
ED_n_debates - \hspace{0.1cm} ED: N debates
ED_vote_1_11 - \hspace{0.1cm} ED: 2011 1st voteshare
ED_vote_2_11 - \hspace{0.1cm} ED: 2011 2nd voteshare
ED_vote_3_11 - \hspace{0.1cm} ED: 2011 3rd voteshare
ED_hhi_11 - \hspace{0.1cm} ED: 2011 HHI
ED_turnout_11 - \hspace{0.1cm} ED: 2011 turnout
ED_ran_11 - \hspace{0.1cm} ED: share candidates who ran before in 2011
ED_pop_dens_08 - \hspace{0.1cm} ED: log pop density
ED_gsm_15 - \hspace{0.1cm} ED: share with GSM coverage
ED_own_radio - \hspace{0.1cm} ED: share own radio
ED_radio_news - \hspace{0.1cm} ED: share get radio news often
ED_age_18 - \hspace{0.1cm} ED: share over 18
ED_ed_sec - \hspace{0.1cm} ED: share have secondary ed
ED_radio_cov - \hspace{0.1cm} ED: average N radio stations covering each locality
ED_week - \hspace{0.1cm} ED: scheduled debate week
t_block - Randomization block
t_invite - Intensive invitation intervention
wgt_reg - Registered voters in ED
ps - Polling stations in ED
seq - Index of candidate in PS
incumbent - Candidate is incumbent
top_chal - Candidate is top challenger
voteshare - Candidate voteshare at PS
perf_pred - \hspace{0.1cm} Predicted debate performance
pref_match_share - \hspace{0.1cm} Policy alignment (candidate-level)
party_UP - \hspace{0.1cm} Candidate party: UP
cand_type - Candidate type
intro_words - Words spoken in introduction
emph_education - Emphasized education in introduction
emph_experience - Emphasized experience in introduction
words_cdf - Words spoken about CSDF
words_lsp - Words spoken about LSP
attacked - Candidate was verbally attacked by another candidate
attacker - Candidate verbally attacked another candidate
EDCODE - Electoral District Code
OperatorId - Enumerator ID
r_age - \hspace{0.1cm} Respondent age
r_education - \hspace{0.1cm} Respondent educational attainment
r_survey_day - \hspace{0.1cm} Days since Sept 1
r_male - \hspace{0.1cm} Male
ED_week - \hspace{0.1cm} Scheduled debate week
ED_n_cand_17 - \hspace{0.1cm} Number of candidates (2017)
ED_incum_run - \hspace{0.1cm} Incumbent ran in election (2017)
ED_log_reg_17 - \hspace{0.1cm} Log registered voters (2017)
ED_n_debates - \hspace{0.1cm} Number of debates in district
ED_vote_1_11 - \hspace{0.1cm} 1st voteshare (2011)
ED_vote_2_11 - \hspace{0.1cm} 2nd voteshare (2011)
ED_vote_3_11 - \hspace{0.1cm} 3rd voteshare (2011)
ED_hhi_11 - \hspace{0.1cm} Voteshare HHI (2011)
ED_turnout_11 - \hspace{0.1cm} Turnout (2011)
ED_ran_11 - \hspace{0.1cm} Share of repeat candidates (2017)
ED_pop_dens_08 - \hspace{0.1cm} Log population density (2008)
ED_gsm_15 - \hspace{0.1cm} Share with GSM coverage (2015)
ED_own_radio - \hspace{0.1cm} Share owns a radio (2016)
ED_radio_news - \hspace{0.1cm} Share gets radio news often (2016)
ED_age_18 - \hspace{0.1cm} Share over 18 (2008)
ED_ed_sec - \hspace{0.1cm} Share with secondary education (2008)
ED_radio_cov - \hspace{0.1cm} Avg. N radio stations covering each town (2016)
t_block - Randomization block
t_broadcast - Rebroadcasting intervention
t_invite - Intensive invitation intervention
obs - Respondents in ED
reg - Registered voters in ED
wgt_dem - Demographic weights
seq - Index of respondent in ED
deb_attend_incumbent - \hspace{0.1cm} Incumbent attended debate
deb_attend_winner - Debate: election winner attended
deb_attend_share - \hspace{0.1cm} Share of candidates attended debate
deb_attend_chal - \hspace{0.1cm} Share of challengers attended debate
deb_attend_nonchal - \hspace{0.1cm} Share of other candidates attended debate
deb_attend_chal_a - Share of actual challengers attended
deb_attend_nonchal_a - Share of actual other candidates attended
d_heard_N - \hspace{0.1cm} Number of times heard debate
d_discuss_friends - \hspace{0.1cm} Discussed debate with friends
d_discuss_coordinate - \hspace{0.1cm} Discussion led to coordination
d_winner_attend - \hspace{0.1cm} Debate winner attended debate
d_heard - \hspace{0.1cm} Heard debate at endline
d_heard_d - \hspace{0.1cm} Heard debate between baseline and endline
d_share_participants - \hspace{0.1cm} Stated share of participating candidates
d_share_top3 - \hspace{0.1cm} Stated share of participating leading candidates
i_CDF_correct_d - \hspace{0.1cm} Switches to correct CSDF controller
i_CDF_cit_law_d - \hspace{0.1cm} Switches to correct requirement for CSDF citizen engagement
i_CDF_rep_law_d - \hspace{0.1cm} Switches to correct requirement for CSDF reporting
i_radio_d - \hspace{0.1cm} Change in radio listening
i_friends_d - \hspace{0.1cm} Change in political discussion with friends
i_other_sources - \hspace{0.1cm} Demand for non-radio information sources
std_d_exposure - Debate listening index
std_d_exposure_w1 - Debate listening index (W1)
std_d_exposure_w2 - Debate listening index (W2)
std_d_exposure_w3 - Debate listening index (W3)
std_d_knowledge - Debate knowledge index
std_d_knowledge_w1 - Debate knowledge index (W1)
std_d_knowledge_w2 - Debate knowledge index (W2)
std_d_knowledge_w3 - Debate knowledge index (W3)
std_p_knowledge - Policy knowledge index
std_p_knowledge_w1 - Policy knowledge index (W1)
std_p_knowledge_w2 - Policy knowledge index (W2)
std_p_knowledge_w3 - Policy knowledge index (W3)
std_i_demand - Political information demand index
std_i_demand_w1 - Political information demand index (W1)
std_i_demand_w2 - Political information demand index (W2)
std_i_demand_w3 - Political information demand index (W3)
std_d_exposure_b - Debate listening index
std_d_exposure_b_w1 - Debate listening index
std_d_exposure_b_w2 - Debate listening index
rb_confirm - Rebroadcasts: confirmed
rb_survey - Rebroadcasts: survey
rb_treat_bl - BL post-debate
r_ed_1 - \hspace{0.1cm} Education: Primary
r_ed_2 - \hspace{0.1cm} Education: Secondary
r_ed_3 - \hspace{0.1cm} Education: Tertiary
EDCODE - Electoral District Code
OperatorId - Enumerator ID
r_age - \hspace{0.1cm} Respondent age
r_survey_day - \hspace{0.1cm} Days since Sept 1
r_male - \hspace{0.1cm} Respondent is male
r_ed_1 - \hspace{0.1cm} Education: Primary
r_ed_2 - \hspace{0.1cm} Education: Secondary
r_ed_3 - \hspace{0.1cm} Education: Tertiary
ED_n_cand_17 - \hspace{0.1cm} Number of candidates (2017)
ED_incum_run - \hspace{0.1cm} Incumbent ran in election (2017)
ED_log_reg_17 - \hspace{0.1cm} Log registered voters (2017)
ED_n_debates - \hspace{0.1cm} Number of debates in district
ED_vote_1_11 - \hspace{0.1cm} 1st voteshare (2011)
ED_vote_2_11 - \hspace{0.1cm} 2nd voteshare (2011)
ED_vote_3_11 - \hspace{0.1cm} 3rd voteshare (2011)
ED_hhi_11 - \hspace{0.1cm} Voteshare HHI (2011)
ED_turnout_11 - \hspace{0.1cm} Turnout (2011)
ED_ran_11 - \hspace{0.1cm} Share of repeat candidates (2017)
ED_pop_dens_08 - \hspace{0.1cm} Log population density (2008)
ED_gsm_15 - \hspace{0.1cm} Share with GSM coverage (2015)
ED_own_radio - \hspace{0.1cm} Share owns a radio (2016)
ED_radio_news - \hspace{0.1cm} Share gets radio news often (2016)
ED_age_18 - \hspace{0.1cm} Share over 18 (2008)
ED_ed_sec - \hspace{0.1cm} Share with secondary education (2008)
ED_radio_cov - \hspace{0.1cm} Avg. N radio stations covering each town (2016)
ED_week - \hspace{0.1cm} ED: scheduled debate week
t_block - Randomization block
t_broadcast - Rebroadcasting intervention
t_invite - Intensive invitation intervention
wgt_dem - Demographic weights
ID_cand - Candidate code
incumbent - Candidate is incumbent
top_chal - Candidate is challenger
party - Candidate party
party_UP - \hspace{0.1cm} Candidate party: UP
cand_male - Candidate is male
attend - Candidate attended debate
perf_obs - \hspace{0.1cm} Observed debate performance
perf_pred - \hspace{0.1cm} Predicted debate performance
pref_match - \hspace{0.1cm} Policy alignment
v_cand_d - \hspace{0.1cm} Switches to voting for candidate
v_cand - \hspace{0.1cm} Votes for candidate
v_cand_bl - Intended to vote for candidate at baseline
i_std_cand_comp_sure_d - Change in certainty about incumbent competence
i_std_cand_comp_sure_d_w1 - Change in certainty about incumbent competence (W1)
i_std_cand_comp_sure_d_w2 - Change in certainty about incumbent competence (W2)
i_std_cand_comp_sure_d_w3 - Change in certainty about incumbent competence (W3)
i_std_cand_issue_sure_d - Change in certainty about incumbent policy priorities
i_std_cand_issue_sure_d_w1 - Change in certainty about incumbent policy priorities (W1)
i_std_cand_issue_sure_d_w2 - Change in certainty about incumbent policy priorities (W2)
i_std_cand_issue_sure_d_w3 - Change in certainty about incumbent policy priorities (W3)
i_std_cand_comp_d - Change in beliefs about incumbent competence
i_std_cand_comp_d_w1 - Change in beliefs about incumbent competence (W1)
i_std_cand_comp_d_w2 - Change in beliefs about incumbent competence (W2)
i_std_cand_comp_d_w3 - Change in beliefs about incumbent competence (W3)
i_std_cand_issue_d - Change in certainty about incumbent policy priorities
i_std_cand_issue_d_w1 - Change in certainty about incumbent policy priorities (W1)
i_std_cand_issue_d_w2 - Change in certainty about incumbent policy priorities (W2)
i_std_cand_issue_d_w3 - Change in certainty about incumbent policy priorities (W3)
i_std_cand_radio - Frequency hearing incumbent on radio
i_std_cand_radio_w1 - Frequency hearing incumbent on radio (W1)
i_std_cand_radio_w2 - Frequency hearing incumbent on radio (W2)
i_std_cand_radio_w3 - Frequency hearing incumbent on radio (W3)
i_std_cand_ground - Frequency of incumbent on-the-ground campaigning
i_std_cand_ground_w1 - Frequency of incumbent on-the-ground campaigning (W1)
i_std_cand_ground_w2 - Frequency of incumbent on-the-ground campaigning (W2)
i_std_cand_ground_w3 - Frequency of incumbent on-the-ground campaigning (W3)
c_std_cand_comp_sure_d - Change in certainty about challenger competence
c_std_cand_comp_sure_d_w1 - Change in certainty about challenger competence (W1)
c_std_cand_comp_sure_d_w2 - Change in certainty about challenger competence (W2)
c_std_cand_comp_sure_d_w3 - Change in certainty about challenger competence (W3)
c_std_cand_issue_sure_d - Change in certainty about challenger policy priorities
c_std_cand_issue_sure_d_w1 - Change in certainty about challenger policy priorities (W1)
c_std_cand_issue_sure_d_w2 - Change in certainty about challenger policy priorities (W2)
c_std_cand_issue_sure_d_w3 - Change in certainty about challenger policy priorities (W3)
c_std_cand_comp_d - Change in beliefs about challenger competence
c_std_cand_comp_d_w1 - Change in beliefs about challenger competence (W1)
c_std_cand_comp_d_w2 - Change in beliefs about challenger competence (W2)
c_std_cand_comp_d_w3 - Change in beliefs about challenger competence (W3)
c_std_cand_issue_d - Change in certainty about challenger policy priorities
c_std_cand_issue_d_w1 - Change in certainty about challenger policy priorities (W1)
c_std_cand_issue_d_w2 - Change in certainty about challenger policy priorities (W2)
c_std_cand_issue_d_w3 - Change in certainty about challenger policy priorities (W3)
c_std_cand_radio - Frequency hearing challenger on radio
c_std_cand_radio_w1 - Frequency hearing challenger on radio (W1)
c_std_cand_radio_w2 - Frequency hearing challenger on radio (W2)
c_std_cand_radio_w3 - Frequency hearing challenger on radio (W3)
c_std_cand_ground - Frequency of challenger on-the-ground campaigning
c_std_cand_ground_w1 - Frequency of challenger on-the-ground campaigning (W1)
c_std_cand_ground_w2 - Frequency of challenger on-the-ground campaigning (W2)
c_std_cand_ground_w3 - Frequency of challenger on-the-ground campaigning (W3)
cand_vbuy - \hspace{0.1cm} Frequency of candidate vote buying
cand_comp_bl - Candidate competence (baseline)
cand_comp_sure_bl - Certainty about candidate competence (baseline)
cand_issue_sure_bl - Certainty about candidate policy priorities (baseline)
cand_comp_sure_d - \hspace{0.1cm} Change in certainty of candidate competence
cand_issue_sure_d - \hspace{0.1cm} Change in certainty of candidate priority issues
cand_comp_d - \hspace{0.1cm} Change in assessment of candidate competence
cand_radio - \hspace{0.1cm} Frequency of hearing candidate on radio
cand_campaign_leaf - \hspace{0.1cm} Candidate distributed leaflets in locality
cand_campaign_visit - \hspace{0.1cm} Candidate visited locality
cand_issue_d - \hspace{0.1cm} Change in share of candidate priorities named
obs - Respondents in ED
rb_treat_bl - BL post-debate
reg - Registered voters in ED
var - var
label - label

Variables

Electoral District Code

f10550407 Location:

Variable Format: character

Notes: UNF:6:bP6kJzFeFBQbaIydRcxkKQ==

Candidate code

f10550407 Location:

Summary Statistics: Valid 982.0; Min. 1.0; StDev 284.09143767884456; Mean 492.19144602851026; Max. 984.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:nuaqZ+sp+OO6bT9tu4xsuA==

Randomization block

f10550407 Location:

Summary Statistics: Valid 982.0; Max. 19.0; Mean 10.262729124236268; StDev 5.405118566091189; Min. 1.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:3kMgyCpRBYs2WkvMpTeJIA==

Intensive invitation intervention

f10550407 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency	Text
1.	\hspace{0.1cm} \textit{Intensive Invite}	499
0.	\hspace{0.1cm} \textit{Control}	483

Summary Statistics: Max. 1.0; Min. 0.0; StDev 0.5001883711258109; Mean 0.5081466395112011; Valid 982.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:cWB5j01gXKR21uBH6XX/oA==

Number of responding candidates

f10550407 Location:

Summary Statistics: StDev 3.935666397311578; Valid 982.0; Max. 22.0; Mean 9.518329938900209; Min. 3.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:+BuPScTBpQZodZ//p2mYCQ==

Number of responding challengers

f10550407 Location:

Summary Statistics: StDev 0.820082178786935; Min. 0.0; Mean 1.3655804480651725; Valid 982.0; Max. 3.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:hJjcoo1rGTjqOGA0HYGe8w==

Candidate is incumbent

f10550407 Location:

Summary Statistics: Valid 982.0; StDev 0.2469568517291372; Max. 1.0; Mean 0.065173116089613; Min. 0.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:hDgAWwnU+Ml2WcuVeiut+Q==

Candidate is challenger

f10550407 Location:

Summary Statistics: Valid 982.0; Mean 0.15784114052953163; Max. 1.0; StDev 0.36477776348881996; Min. 0.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:bIdQWUPe+i/+dPPRclxQcA==

Candidate type

f10550407 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency
3.	Other	763
1.	Incumbent	64
2.	Challenger	155

Summary Statistics: Max. 3.0; Valid 982.0; StDev 0.5795029096976456; Mean 2.7118126272912426; Min. 1.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:NMsxLdRMm++osqnq1j2etQ==

Candidate party: UP

f10550407 Location:

Summary Statistics: Mean 0.05702647657841143; Max. 1.0; Valid 982.0; StDev 0.23201136504116615; Min. 0.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:wjE8xlFsy1eMZ5D7JMOnKA==

Policy alignment (candidate survey)

f10550407 Location:

Summary Statistics: Min. 0.0; Valid 610.0; Mean 0.2553485205811061; StDev 0.1443483763569882; Max. 0.604651162790698

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:zjvjOivtrF8MRaTCKTs1Kg==

Policy alignment (voter survey)

f10550407 Location:

Summary Statistics: StDev 0.08852013240518344; Valid 217.0; Max. 0.6363636255264282; Mean 0.4440213980899978; Min. 0.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:QJaLWSSQ87c5Ne4COKVCYw==

Debate performance

f10550407 Location:

Summary Statistics: Mean 0.219529230320892; Min. 0.08497039619654553; Valid 217.0; Max. 0.5449604646235728; StDev 0.09050647466555237;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:MhX2xQ6h59Dj0giUS7F0bQ==

Candidate attended debate

f10550407 Location:

Summary Statistics: Min. 0.0; Mean 0.6114754098360656; StDev 0.4878148591758503; Max. 1.0; Valid 610.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:6IYHAyXGNn305BcckzHfZQ==

Candidate age

f10550407 Location:

Summary Statistics: Min. -98.0; Max. 99.0; StDev 11.9856743871796; Valid 607.0; Mean 48.30971993410215

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:/4pQ6lcJ2JRc79+9tkemPw==

Candidate ran for office before

f10550407 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency	Text
1.	Yes	180
0.	No	430

Summary Statistics: Max. 1.0; Valid 610.0; Min. 0.0; Mean 0.29508196721311486; StDev 0.45645389413822957;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:NMkANge2RuC8z9Fjke98LQ==

Candidate held non-elected gov job before

f10550407 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency	Text
1.	Yes	201
0.	No	409

Summary Statistics: Min. 0.0; Valid 610.0; Mean 0.3295081967213113; StDev 0.47042036970654005; Max. 1.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:M1tnN8BU/mlur4bY+UvLJA==

Candidate has advocacy experience

f10550407 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency	Text
0.	No	87
1.	Yes	523

Summary Statistics: Min. 0.0; StDev 0.3499749070964796; Max. 1.0; Mean 0.8573770491803276; Valid 610.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:ZLkLfVmdiiV5HeG42bwJyA==

Candidate worked for NGO before

f10550407 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency	Text
0.	No	358
1.	Yes	252

Summary Statistics: StDev 0.492797186750942; Mean 0.4131147540983606; Valid 610.0; Min. 0.0; Max. 1.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:I1ItIfQ+cb4wV4gsq664ew==

Candidate has university education

f10550407 Location:

Summary Statistics: Valid 610.0; Max. 1.0; StDev 0.4971045940937484; Min. 0.0; Mean 0.5573770491803277;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:DW3dPOPSR8FFKpioJAHJvw==

Candidate owns or manages radio station

f10550407 Location:

Summary Statistics: StDev 0.19457223387541062; Valid 610.0; Min. 0.0; Max. 1.0; Mean 0.03934426229508185

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:pXtehlbadtbrCBnjSTM0sQ==

Candidate is male

f10550407 Location:

Summary Statistics: Mean 0.8573770491803279; Max. 1.0; StDev 0.34997490709647994; Min. 0.0; Valid 610.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:fI4AjpzPYPC/5cC7SCHhvw==

Campaign expenditure (USD)

f10550407 Location:

Summary Statistics: Valid 562.0; Max. 200000.0; Min. 15.0; Mean 32356.05871886122; StDev 33313.41142436729;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:Fr48TGhgzHQ+rqnRqLE83Q==

Why attend: Duty

f10550407 Location:

Summary Statistics: Mean 0.5433526011560693; StDev 0.49883839264707797; Min. 0.0; Max. 1.0; Valid 346.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:0elzkcXlkCzVZdmuIdRzkg==

Why attend: Attack others

f10550407 Location:

Summary Statistics: Mean 0.08381502890173412; StDev 0.2775115308315895; Min. 0.0; Max. 1.0; Valid 346.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:0BPHAU35ZDH0VBy7Jg/OgQ==

Why attend: Competence

f10550407 Location:

Summary Statistics: Max. 1.0; StDev 0.44397052446034707; Min. 0.0; Valid 346.0; Mean 0.26878612716763006;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:G1ze11gc6dPTymJvII/ZMQ==

Why attend: Policy

f10550407 Location:

Summary Statistics: Min. 0.0; Max. 1.0; StDev 0.5001884540553135; Mean 0.5231213872832369; Valid 346.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:fxaf+I8JMDN8XHM993XYVg==

Why attend: Publicity

f10550407 Location:

Summary Statistics: Max. 1.0; Valid 346.0; Min. 0.0; StDev 0.4931379673797256; Mean 0.4132947976878613

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:6m1/RJEjIAUEZtlCbRD4DA==

Why attend: Radio

f10550407 Location:

Summary Statistics: Mean 0.014450867052023105; Min. 0.0; Max. 1.0; StDev 0.11951284770836185; Valid 346.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:eBC1k6rWJbQuae1G4tSJ0Q==

Candidates make different promises

f10550407 Location:

Summary Statistics: Min. 0.0; StDev 0.4664212988223873; Valid 549.0; Max. 1.0; Mean 0.6812386156648452;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:5Fi8nkFkLJ3jrZnHzzc7Mw==

Rally promises credibility

f10550407 Location:

Summary Statistics: Max. 1.0; Mean 0.15737704918032797; StDev 0.3644547477855052; Valid 610.0; Min. 0.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:0i7t2qEwE7DCqYOogRVk8g==

Radio promises credibility

f10550407 Location:

Summary Statistics: Mean 0.1508196721311476; Max. 1.0; StDev 0.35816671995589616; Min. 0.0; Valid 610.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:YVrFByaFO+Q3AgH2XJLNHw==

Responded to candidate survey

f10550407 Location:

Summary Statistics: StDev 0.4853400604173412; Valid 982.0; Mean 0.6211812627291243; Min. 0.0; Max. 1.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:QABXjnVw6SUg8zle33QhmA==

Electoral District Code

f10550423 Location:

Variable Format: character

Notes: UNF:6:uTJAXVKUX0vcj+k+foRc8Q==

Randomization block

f10550423 Location:

Summary Statistics: StDev 5.489820384482653; Mean 9.972602739726028; Min. 1.0; Max. 19.0; Valid 73.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:O6eVrI9tUP7e0mMTIF8Lkw==

Intensive invitation intervention

f10550423 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency	Text
0.	\hspace{0.1cm} \textit{Control}	35
1.	\hspace{0.1cm} \textit{Intensive Invite}	38

Summary Statistics: Mean 0.5205479452054795; StDev 0.5030349292349802; Valid 73.0; Min. 0.0; Max. 1.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:Ji3zWHsb9qn0nCx0Id2SQg==

Registered voters in ED

f10550423 Location:

Summary Statistics: Max. 63290.0; Mean 29913.46575342466; Min. 10615.0; Valid 73.0; StDev 11321.540527638;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:gAeIriC469dZ5jRpSqKg3g==

Parliamentary session attendance rate

f10550423 Location:

Summary Statistics: Min. 0.44871795177459717; Valid 73.0; Max. 1.0; Mean 0.8047067061679004; StDev 0.12395962352815826;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:facAaIyLqzXFM7K5tevDzA==

Parliamentary session absence rate

f10550423 Location:

Summary Statistics: Max. 0.3461538553237915; Valid 73.0; Mean 0.11731647503600545; StDev 0.08389769769908506; Min. 0.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:szeVy+aH8sN1cllP3pWd1g==

Parliamentary session away rate

f10550423 Location:

Summary Statistics: Mean 0.0663856700292393; Min. 0.0; Max. 0.44871795177459717; StDev 0.09499161185516733; Valid 73.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:84pK5Z9ZMPIHzEf+TZimeA==

ED of polling place

f10550389 Location:

Variable Format: character

Notes: UNF:6:GEEch6zrI4BNUwz9yNGAwQ==

\hspace{0.1cm} Number of PS in VRC

f10550389 Location:

Summary Statistics: Min. 1.0; Mean 3.5672872672747027; Max. 9.0; StDev 1.8847955681829849; Valid 16006.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:+wdJ2EoONp3EyrwfSk18+w==

\hspace{0.1cm} VRC added in 2017

f10550389 Location:

Summary Statistics: StDev 0.30675369903187055; Valid 16006.0; Min. 0.0; Max. 1.0; Mean 0.10514806947394705

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:gF/oiuo1U7uhGrX3RtgOpQ==

\hspace{0.1cm} Number of PS in VRC (2011)

f10550389 Location:

Summary Statistics: StDev 1.5872012670335491; Valid 16006.0; Min. 1.0; Mean 3.3605065373618626; Max. 9.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:rd7MukBm+ayg3m1bM/2Prw==

\hspace{0.1cm} Number of registered voters in VRC (2011)

f10550389 Location:

Summary Statistics: Min. 45.0; StDev 770.4418332059757; Max. 3995.0; Valid 16006.0; Mean 1423.1699814382534;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:AX0Lz73CHhG/+dmmM2nByA==

\hspace{0.1cm} Turnout (2011)

f10550389 Location:

Summary Statistics: Mean 0.6258755900979573; Min. 0.13741496205329895; Valid 16006.0; StDev 0.0890337399470304; Max. 1.011173129081726

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:8dHk2xp/f/Yug47P2Ym2VQ==

\hspace{0.1cm} Share of invalid votes (2011)

f10550389 Location:

Summary Statistics: Max. 0.3478260934352875; Valid 16006.0; StDev 0.03252252257840033; Min. 0.0; Mean 0.0668821074629611

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:RApVYuNMHvFaIUz89pqDjg==

\hspace{0.1cm} Number of registered voters in PS (2017)

f10550389 Location:

Summary Statistics: Mean 405.17274771960393; Valid 16006.0; Max. 505.0; StDev 74.8144568824109; Min. 12.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:oPsEEDwVNX+V5hI0NM8YZw==

\hspace{0.1cm} PS covered by partner radio station

f10550389 Location:

Summary Statistics: Valid 16006.0; Max. 1.0; Min. 0.0; Mean 0.8486817443458725; StDev 0.3583700112558864

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:iXfLhK/MQwlwOWBTYndNbg==

\hspace{0.1cm} Urban PS

f10550389 Location:

Summary Statistics: Mean 0.330563538672991; Valid 16006.0; Min. 0.0; StDev 0.47043077275786976; Max. 1.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:f8pQ7SxNtI/2Kdku//9Ujg==

\hspace{0.1cm} ED: N candidates

f10550389 Location:

Summary Statistics: StDev 5.123082137644329; Min. 3.0; Max. 28.0; Valid 16006.0; Mean 14.399787579657616;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:EJqG6akzwYbmXgiGzfBVaA==

\hspace{0.1cm} ED: incumbent running

f10550389 Location:

Summary Statistics: Max. 1.0; Valid 16006.0; Mean 0.8410596026490033; Min. 0.0; StDev 0.36563191836527303

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:A4RgEE2w0++qK6i1LpsDMA==

\hspace{0.1cm} ED: log reg voters

f10550389 Location:

Summary Statistics: Max. 11.055482864379883; Mean 10.353508101959887; Valid 16006.0; StDev 0.37072910805756853; Min. 9.270023345947266;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:WLjj/gUepxDtPufUd0HweA==

\hspace{0.1cm} ED: N debates

f10550389 Location:

Summary Statistics: Mean 2.1860552292890376; Min. 1.0; StDev 0.699530235873659; Max. 4.0; Valid 16006.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:fqe9JK91Vz33ZA6KjHa22g==

\hspace{0.1cm} ED: 2011 1st voteshare

f10550389 Location:

Summary Statistics: Max. 0.8209583163261414; Valid 16006.0; Mean 0.3064057721823787; StDev 0.13059907966907458; Min. 0.1222674548625946

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:Uz1Z8Vn75KxVMw36IbcH/w==

\hspace{0.1cm} ED: 2011 2nd voteshare

f10550389 Location:

Summary Statistics: Max. 0.3633316457271576; Mean 0.17738979288757264; Valid 16006.0; Min. 0.0961589515209198; StDev 0.042553825882075846

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:1R/9m1jQpvlm2mVOux8elw==

\hspace{0.1cm} ED: 2011 3rd voteshare

f10550389 Location:

Summary Statistics: StDev 0.02936759827410179; Valid 16006.0; Min. 0.05440990626811981; Mean 0.12688424593873812; Max. 0.24551701545715332;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:HChXI/XQjTv3Tk/AER3Jnw==

\hspace{0.1cm} ED: 2011 HHI

f10550389 Location:

Summary Statistics: Mean 0.1881220061362292; StDev 0.10355010815304486; Min. 0.06991080939769745; Valid 16006.0; Max. 0.6924660801887512;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:9e30iQCTT3KelzZcXO74FA==

\hspace{0.1cm} ED: 2011 turnout

f10550389 Location:

Summary Statistics: Max. 0.7482534646987915; Valid 16006.0; StDev 0.04858719698340333; Min. 0.5592731833457947; Mean 0.6630132723849613

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:LcMnuIghVHJl9MLL+SEl6A==

\hspace{0.1cm} ED: share candidates who ran before in 2011

f10550389 Location:

Summary Statistics: Max. 0.5333333611488342; Min. 0.0625; Mean 0.2512468092015978; StDev 0.10566072486589034; Valid 16006.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:/ulV2asePbh5/83BOOt4AA==

\hspace{0.1cm} ED: log pop density

f10550389 Location:

Summary Statistics: Min. -11.908119201660156; Valid 16006.0; Mean -9.149689444717572; StDev 1.815804853810099; Max. -5.205929756164551

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:ylpNlIQ/PJyc6BCCF6Adig==

\hspace{0.1cm} ED: share with GSM coverage

f10550389 Location:

Summary Statistics: Mean 0.7606900598595322; Valid 16006.0; Min. 0.010145919397473335; Max. 1.0; StDev 0.27435819769879566

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:GwhCU+CL0qjP2KYE6hoTlA==

\hspace{0.1cm} ED: share own radio

f10550389 Location:

Summary Statistics: Max. 1.0; Min. 0.375; Mean 0.7538622107659796; StDev 0.114996946127099; Valid 16006.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:9cxiLW+AiQvWV96tvT9iyw==

\hspace{0.1cm} ED: share get radio news often

f10550389 Location:

Summary Statistics: Valid 16006.0; Max. 1.0; Mean 0.7644767203465647; StDev 0.11325916060771171; Min. 0.5

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:WxuWdDKkulPBHp2dPOkw4g==

\hspace{0.1cm} ED: share over 18

f10550389 Location:

Summary Statistics: Valid 16006.0; StDev 0.021171148231677154; Mean 0.48635432053011374; Min. 0.4304080605506897; Max. 0.5362035036087036

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:M3Qo2sOdSt9obGnCLNa7eg==

\hspace{0.1cm} ED: share have secondary ed

f10550389 Location:

Summary Statistics: StDev 0.05323952229969609; Valid 16006.0; Mean 0.15238638791949738; Max. 0.2812085449695587; Min. 0.0374729186296463

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:zRB1nWcwBxxbcFvSfhbpoQ==

\hspace{0.1cm} ED: average N radio stations covering each locality

f10550389 Location:

Summary Statistics: Valid 16006.0; Max. 23.35686683654785; Mean 12.505318109068359; Min. 0.0; StDev 7.492111404899581

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:WGsaz9cNo6wg9/KU4hxlIw==

\hspace{0.1cm} ED: scheduled debate week

f10550389 Location:

Summary Statistics: Valid 16006.0; Mean 1.2050481069598837; StDev 0.4037493842976377; Min. 1.0; Max. 2.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:HL8avXFMZRh+I3Bt3M+7sA==

Randomization block

f10550389 Location:

Summary Statistics: Min. 1.0; Mean 10.504060977133681; Valid 16006.0; StDev 5.478726778418541; Max. 19.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:CwbmuRHxFAk0sQDILmBT1A==

Intensive invitation intervention

f10550389 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency	Text
1.	\hspace{0.1cm} \textit{Intensive Invite}	8502
0.	\hspace{0.1cm} \textit{Control}	7504

Summary Statistics: StDev 0.49904271192024047; Min. 0.0; Max. 1.0; Valid 16006.0; Mean 0.5311758090716019

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:vUICCQZuOoec+ROKnUzkyw==

Registered voters in ED

f10550389 Location:

Summary Statistics: Max. 505.0; Min. 12.0; Mean 405.17274771960393; Valid 16006.0; StDev 74.8144568824109

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:oPsEEDwVNX+V5hI0NM8YZw==

Polling stations in ED

f10550389 Location:

Summary Statistics: StDev 24.156491869780496; Max. 142.0; Valid 16006.0; Mean 81.39447707110018; Min. 31.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:MOSuimYU3p/VSGI2VJWZyw==

Index of candidate in PS

f10550389 Location:

Summary Statistics: StDev 0.8145259080833821; Max. 3.0; Valid 16006.0; Mean 1.990503561164563; Min. 1.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:q0RegiJVJKPYwfYTZUASaQ==

Candidate is incumbent

f10550389 Location:

Summary Statistics: Mean 0.2885792827689609; StDev 0.4531159980037875; Max. 1.0; Valid 16006.0; Min. 0.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:m80/28asdJeNJnCtjgKW6Q==

Candidate is top challenger

f10550389 Location:

Summary Statistics: StDev 0.4531159980037875; Valid 16006.0; Max. 1.0; Min. 0.0; Mean 0.7114207172310392

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:Qyr0yoxpmmKML+6FJjzJJQ==

Candidate voteshare at PS

f10550389 Location:

Summary Statistics: Mean 0.1504852221227234; Max. 0.992; StDev 0.19305665573525713; Min. 0.0; Valid 16003.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:8WdjEl4JRImQinlZ8GCnoA==

\hspace{0.1cm} Predicted debate performance

f10550389 Location:

Summary Statistics: Max. 0.5449604646235728; Valid 16006.0; Min. 0.08497039619654553; Mean 0.2153807843037796; StDev 0.08568600570085705

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:ZVqk/kX4x6bbS7j7LW692Q==

\hspace{0.1cm} Policy alignment (candidate-level)

f10550389 Location:

Summary Statistics: StDev 0.08957009993024778; Mean 0.432002251835768; Max. 0.636363636363636; Min. 0.0; Valid 16006.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:zQY1yvvjR0xC3KxliZV8Xw==

\hspace{0.1cm} Candidate party: UP

f10550389 Location:

Summary Statistics: StDev 0.40461394938656897; Valid 16006.0; Max. 1.0; Min. 0.0; Mean 0.2062351618143198

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:NvQfABHEnWlF6aRdR2eHGQ==

Candidate type

f10550413 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency
1.	Incumbent	27
3.	Other	361
2.	Challenger	80

Summary Statistics: Valid 468.0; Min. 1.0; StDev 0.5660496089677897; Max. 3.0; Mean 2.713675213675214;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:J2sMqnwnAN3j5Jy0Bh4Nag==

Words spoken in introduction

f10550413 Location:

Summary Statistics: Valid 453.0; Max. 2310.0; Mean 346.5783664459162; StDev 157.60350207795855; Min. 0.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:okW+atcUKX1aG8vR+uSleg==

Emphasized education in introduction

f10550413 Location:

Summary Statistics: StDev 0.4462344305466034; Valid 468.0; Max. 1.0; Mean 0.27350427350427314; Min. 0.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:z78gVmw/adby3syMfD0DBw==

Emphasized experience in introduction

f10550413 Location:

Summary Statistics: Mean 0.21153846153846143; StDev 0.4088362664147563; Valid 468.0; Max. 1.0; Min. 0.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:ESqp1xO4YBLZ5Kvf+M3Zbw==

Words spoken about CSDF

f10550413 Location:

Summary Statistics: Mean 280.08591885441535; Valid 419.0; Min. 0.0; StDev 296.1752395197754; Max. 2833.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:qpRmNCQk9WteKdjF9rAXPg==

Words spoken about LSP

f10550413 Location:

Summary Statistics: Max. 911.0; StDev 116.65497916492116; Valid 402.0; Mean 207.2636815920398; Min. 0.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:n5j0ZVgTCtLnvwAEPi02lA==

Candidate was verbally attacked by another candidate

f10550413 Location:

Summary Statistics: Min. 0.0; Mean 0.03846153846153849; StDev 0.19251347908921296; Valid 468.0; Max. 1.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:gQGr17QImBiF/CrasoOZGg==

Candidate verbally attacked another candidate

f10550413 Location:

Summary Statistics: Mean 0.03632478632478633; Max. 1.0; StDev 0.18729723444569008; Min. 0.0; Valid 468.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:xiVuneCNv2T8GQyWfSUEkg==

Electoral District Code

f10550379 Location:

Variable Format: character

Notes: UNF:6:VX2wXkRDSbZWeDcrttfUzA==

Enumerator ID

f10550379 Location:

Summary Statistics: Mean 22.81186899778378; StDev 35.050829621019815; Valid 4061.0; Min. 1.0; Max. 155.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:oShGDRFP7hEWckuFSCQvuQ==

\hspace{0.1cm} Respondent age

f10550379 Location:

Summary Statistics: Mean 31.728145776902245; Max. 99.0; StDev 9.273165280508696; Min. 18.0; Valid 4061.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:rRNI5+rcvnqMSjA1lcG/Yw==

\hspace{0.1cm} Respondent educational attainment

f10550379 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency
1.	No formal schooling	64
2.	Informal schooling only	34
3.	Some primary schooling	163
7.	Post-secondary qualifications (non-uni)	258
99.	REFUSED	1
9.	University completed	553
5.	Some secondary school	334
10.	Post-graduate	30
6.	Secondary school/high school completed	1197
4.	Primary school completed	302
8.	Some university	1124

Summary Statistics: Valid 4060.0; Max. 99.0; Min. 1.0; StDev 2.353347937851451; Mean 6.614532019704437

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:n3mREZoD4Cop9yTwBHrtjQ==

\hspace{0.1cm} Days since Sept 1

f10550379 Location:

Summary Statistics: Min. 53.0; Max. 90.0; Mean 71.21127801034226; Valid 4061.0; StDev 10.432786556655397;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:bNP0KNV2Hn86X9KmuafugQ==

\hspace{0.1cm} Male

f10550379 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency	Text
1.	Male	3053
0.	Female	1008

Summary Statistics: Valid 4061.0; Max. 1.0; Mean 0.7517852745629153; StDev 0.4320302502520507; Min. 0.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:UvkjIZiARc6yn6RCdBDqPg==

\hspace{0.1cm} Scheduled debate week

f10550379 Location:

Summary Statistics: StDev 1.2935442968250648; Valid 4061.0; Max. 8.0; Mean 4.055651317409506; Min. 1.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:8bDgpIuhUQsawi4FGbNoSA==

\hspace{0.1cm} Number of candidates (2017)

f10550379 Location:

Summary Statistics: Mean 14.46614134449642; Max. 28.0; Valid 4061.0; StDev 5.186487617038298; Min. 3.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:izL1KSMhz/riJlw5xESjhw==

\hspace{0.1cm} Incumbent ran in election (2017)

f10550379 Location:

Summary Statistics: Max. 1.0; StDev 0.37054360669609626; Min. 0.0; Mean 0.8357547402117709; Valid 4061.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:7ZTX/bgSwnVtLSC5SgXthA==

\hspace{0.1cm} Log registered voters (2017)

f10550379 Location:

Summary Statistics: Min. 9.270023345947266; Mean 10.345674392655106; Valid 4061.0; Max. 11.055482864379883; StDev 0.3927748246239237

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:AsROe5Vpob2M0s/2IKFihw==

\hspace{0.1cm} Number of debates in district

f10550379 Location:

Summary Statistics: StDev 0.696682155116442; Valid 4061.0; Mean 2.2036444225560223; Min. 1.0; Max. 4.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:1xEKi1S4BObfip2vAPQQoQ==

\hspace{0.1cm} 1st voteshare (2011)

f10550379 Location:

Summary Statistics: Valid 4061.0; StDev 0.13697243513598223; Mean 0.31672357539037455; Max. 0.8209583163261414; Min. 0.1222674548625946

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:sDq4RTWV+IsRKYWfXbp9AA==

\hspace{0.1cm} 2nd voteshare (2011)

f10550379 Location:

Summary Statistics: Max. 0.3633316457271576; Min. 0.0961589515209198; StDev 0.04649174016061999; Valid 4061.0; Mean 0.18012893178088105

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:T5SsQtf0IXoUXH5pOg1kXw==

\hspace{0.1cm} 3rd voteshare (2011)

f10550379 Location:

Summary Statistics: StDev 0.03150162938084855; Min. 0.05440990626811981; Mean 0.1255800123176267; Valid 4061.0; Max. 0.24551701545715332

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:I5yqU1JUWSQ2VLHVgU9KDw==

\hspace{0.1cm} Voteshare HHI (2011)

f10550379 Location:

Summary Statistics: Valid 4061.0; Min. 0.06991080939769745; Mean 0.1958773237375814; StDev 0.11356264847213197; Max. 0.6924660801887512;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:B6CU3FrSIOzvFZe5I+hnIA==

\hspace{0.1cm} Turnout (2011)

f10550379 Location:

Summary Statistics: Max. 0.7482534646987915; Valid 4061.0; StDev 0.045665877647159965; Mean 0.6637262150267316; Min. 0.5592731833457947

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:CARmhZTWc6veS5lDe1SktQ==

\hspace{0.1cm} Share of repeat candidates (2017)

f10550379 Location:

Summary Statistics: Min. 0.0625; Max. 0.5333333611488342; StDev 0.10369869296248546; Mean 0.2471263865749697; Valid 4061.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:bBaQVFbdDmyMuBpj9RqfcA==

\hspace{0.1cm} Log population density (2008)

f10550379 Location:

Summary Statistics: Max. -5.205929756164551; Valid 4061.0; StDev 1.8496329334506982; Min. -11.908119201660156; Mean -8.874109974109436;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:rFMY4Q3tIcENXPrtsBZSSA==

\hspace{0.1cm} Share with GSM coverage (2015)

f10550379 Location:

Summary Statistics: Min. 0.010145919397473335; Mean 0.807860059113254; StDev 0.25775235033163696; Valid 4061.0; Max. 1.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:bydej6x4r+OTxfBkxUKiRQ==

\hspace{0.1cm} Share owns a radio (2016)

f10550379 Location:

Summary Statistics: StDev 0.12394865473564436; Valid 4061.0; Min. 0.375; Max. 1.0; Mean 0.745141178039282

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:EKzuQoLNAs9saWwKpcxhSQ==

\hspace{0.1cm} Share gets radio news often (2016)

f10550379 Location:

Summary Statistics: Max. 1.0; Valid 4061.0; Mean 0.7685257602107842; Min. 0.5; StDev 0.11593856159312287;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:7SKJeViKtn/3yFBwmfNwtQ==

\hspace{0.1cm} Share over 18 (2008)

f10550379 Location:

Summary Statistics: StDev 0.02068068192843482; Max. 0.5362035036087036; Min. 0.4304080605506897; Mean 0.4861601400745235; Valid 4061.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:Yv4hEEolMqWobbCFG5KSSQ==

\hspace{0.1cm} Share with secondary education (2008)

f10550379 Location:

Summary Statistics: Valid 4061.0; Min. 0.0374729186296463; StDev 0.050227540354196465; Mean 0.16460241013630994; Max. 0.2812085449695587

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:I73OCxfaGc74lBMdsxtgVg==

\hspace{0.1cm} Avg. N radio stations covering each town (2016)

f10550379 Location:

Summary Statistics: StDev 7.626348027691748; Max. 23.35686683654785; Mean 13.0388523642872; Valid 4061.0; Min. 0.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:ksvuhaUZNBTSfX9xt/sKIA==

Randomization block

f10550379 Location:

Summary Statistics: Min. 1.0; Max. 19.0; Mean 10.76385126816053; StDev 5.212445635117526; Valid 4061.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:Psq1qjFogUGM9v9Ia2Pkeg==

Rebroadcasting intervention

f10550379 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency	Text
1.	\hspace{0.1cm} \textit{Rebroadcast}	2109
0.	\hspace{0.1cm} \textit{Control}	1952

Summary Statistics: Valid 4061.0; StDev 0.49968772962581925; Max. 1.0; Min. 0.0; Mean 0.5193302142329473

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:NNZcpolVC8zhlfPoW/GVKA==

Intensive invitation intervention

f10550379 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency	Text
1.	\hspace{0.1cm} \textit{Intensive Invite}	2253
0.	\hspace{0.1cm} \textit{Control}	1808

Summary Statistics: Valid 4061.0; Min. 0.0; Mean 0.5547894607239594; Max. 1.0; StDev 0.4970502509482499;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:zGjDyV9PXkE77nQzCf9zLA==

Respondents in ED

f10550379 Location:

Summary Statistics: Max. 130.0; Min. 9.0; Mean 73.30509726668329; StDev 29.771150880515155; Valid 4061.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:COW9uz9EN2Tbqle7ABKdHw==

Registered voters in ED

f10550379 Location:

Summary Statistics: Min. 10615.0; Valid 4061.0; StDev 12248.498354507059; Mean 33464.43092834272; Max. 63290.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:OFs9NdZ2UEKgJ6qrsYLcsw==

Demographic weights

f10550379 Location:

Summary Statistics: Valid 4061.0; StDev 0.8036451248979918; Max. 5.00009976205164; Mean 0.9956802511399077; Min. 1.2134609060902288E-20;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:usbkfGB4nRQja5bDlWYZww==

Index of respondent in ED

f10550379 Location:

Summary Statistics: Valid 4061.0; Mean 36.49913814331431; Min. 1.0; StDev 26.945764022651268; Max. 130.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:8I8Ktj/pAu7+dUdz9gjfQA==

\hspace{0.1cm} Incumbent attended debate

f10550379 Location:

Summary Statistics: Valid 4061.0; Min. 0.0; Max. 1.0; StDev 0.4758229788379541; Mean 0.34622014282196667

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:rGlsIS5GcFiOgOEmbiG63Q==

Debate: election winner attended

f10550379 Location:

Summary Statistics: Mean 0.5574981531642442; Valid 4061.0; Min. 0.0; StDev 0.49674412371201676; Max. 1.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:HB6nuOKbzV/hzzjx46gh3g==

\hspace{0.1cm} Share of candidates attended debate

f10550379 Location:

Summary Statistics: Max. 1.0; StDev 0.21819189968955363; Valid 4061.0; Min. 0.1071428582072258; Mean 0.5861690635605994

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:7OAOJ8KkD8Bp4s7KfjeS/w==

\hspace{0.1cm} Share of challengers attended debate

f10550379 Location:

Summary Statistics: Mean 0.6006730696201548; StDev 0.3730935279224502; Min. 0.0; Max. 1.0; Valid 4061.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:E9aWGc1rdrOAxfLbPLsHVA==

\hspace{0.1cm} Share of other candidates attended debate

f10550379 Location:

Summary Statistics: Min. 0.11999999731779099; Max. 1.0; StDev 0.21007924486133037; Valid 3992.0; Mean 0.5968223186377773;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:eOfcTQ6IkuZybbaNIoJ6jw==

Share of actual challengers attended

f10550379 Location:

Summary Statistics: Min. 0.0; Valid 4061.0; Mean 0.6219322026230912; StDev 0.44504691076751574; Max. 1.5

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:MfmByN9WgSF9Z95w654SEg==

Share of actual other candidates attended

f10550379 Location:

Summary Statistics: Mean 0.5913218075973179; Max. 1.0; StDev 0.2194326603764584; Min. 0.0; Valid 3992.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:x6RBZAU89cYkTi9t+SZl4Q==

\hspace{0.1cm} Number of times heard debate

f10550379 Location:

Summary Statistics: Min. 0.0; Mean 0.45579906426988537; Max. 24.0; Valid 4061.0; StDev 1.0594770449971807;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:tgqwNulZQElQThkq9byyRA==

\hspace{0.1cm} Discussed debate with friends

f10550379 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency
1.	Never	2868
3.	Several times	477
2.	Once or twice	253
5.	Every day	200
4.	Many times	263
98.	DK	0

Summary Statistics: Valid 4061.0; Max. 5.0; Min. 1.0; Mean 1.6885003693671519; StDev 1.1955328353526102

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:Mq5eMSlkVd9fxIJt1fX63Q==

\hspace{0.1cm} Discussion led to coordination

f10550379 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency
98.	DK	0
4.	Quite a bit	314
5.	Very much	342
1.	Not at all	2942
2.	Not really	136
3.	Somewhat	327

Summary Statistics: Min. 1.0; Mean 1.7633587786259526; Max. 5.0; Valid 4061.0; StDev 1.347830567243181

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:eOILR8mvK4TyuHcABNltyQ==

\hspace{0.1cm} Debate winner attended debate

f10550379 Location:

Summary Statistics: Max. 1.0; StDev 0.46533207620088385; Mean 0.3169170155134202; Valid 4061.0; Min. 0.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:Z0LeTXV1iRX3BTFzlhj5tA==

\hspace{0.1cm} Heard debate at endline

f10550379 Location:

Summary Statistics: Min. 0.0; Max. 1.0; Valid 4061.0; StDev 0.40843949840502997; Mean 0.21152425510957798

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:Nvgr2a9drCig6h0tZYSQsQ==

\hspace{0.1cm} Heard debate between baseline and endline

f10550379 Location:

Summary Statistics: Mean 0.0918492982024129; Min. 0.0; StDev 0.28884866227346767; Max. 1.0; Valid 4061.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:cXWUChrTNroy/80kgVjyIQ==

\hspace{0.1cm} Stated share of participating candidates

f10550379 Location:

Summary Statistics: StDev 0.28674919723396386; Mean 0.12422005099246086; Min. 0.0; Max. 2.529411792755127; Valid 4061.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:rOqEAJB/QBRpv1UKlNujRw==

\hspace{0.1cm} Stated share of participating leading candidates

f10550379 Location:

Summary Statistics: Min. 0.0; Max. 1.0; Mean 0.15554461275759238; StDev 0.3354093370640916; Valid 4061.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:jiVDDIJvH499pzrsnj2UXg==

\hspace{0.1cm} Switches to correct CSDF controller

f10550379 Location:

Summary Statistics: Valid 4061.0; Max. 1.0; Min. 0.0; Mean 0.24673725683329248; StDev 0.43116558391407617

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:l581NUVK5yC0rHVhTryNzg==

\hspace{0.1cm} Switches to correct requirement for CSDF citizen engagement

f10550379 Location:

Summary Statistics: Max. 1.0; Valid 4061.0; StDev 0.4323169657058154; Mean 0.24870721497168205; Min. 0.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:hOnrYIuQbrJUOKEx23Ht8w==

\hspace{0.1cm} Switches to correct requirement for CSDF reporting

f10550379 Location:

Summary Statistics: Min. 0.0; Mean 0.2479684806697856; Valid 4061.0; StDev 0.43188661049687316; Max. 1.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:xbQzx1ILTXsihda62h9Adw==

\hspace{0.1cm} Change in radio listening

f10550379 Location:

Summary Statistics: Mean 0.2595419847328234; Max. 6.0; Valid 4061.0; Min. -6.0; StDev 2.16672340921543;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:UrYDdM8je2pn0bIEVmN4WA==

\hspace{0.1cm} Change in political discussion with friends

f10550379 Location:

Summary Statistics: Valid 4061.0; StDev 2.3011098457243957; Max. 6.0; Mean -0.07338094065500995; Min. -6.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:QDOw3MZbx9a4LzMrGfqpPw==

\hspace{0.1cm} Demand for non-radio information sources

f10550379 Location:

Summary Statistics: StDev 2.1469857068259732; Valid 4061.0; Min. 0.0; Max. 7.0; Mean 5.007633587786256

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:9DsQD8oFwU+ed2DJesfAGQ==

Debate listening index

f10550379 Location:

Summary Statistics: Valid 4061.0; Max. 8.993115425109863; Min. -0.48215433955192566; StDev 1.0391122327261535; Mean 0.04146088526566663

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:cjevJuxOfBL5b2DojbaNKA==

Debate listening index (W1)

f10550379 Location:

Summary Statistics: StDev 1.0390464354332338; Mean 0.04139847973096757; Min. -0.4811100661754608; Max. 8.699664115905762; Valid 4061.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:ZYadUhXlAjTjbOti5taM9w==

Debate listening index (W2)

f10550379 Location:

Summary Statistics: Mean 0.04141733759261531; Max. 8.694902420043945; StDev 1.0389738574671878; Valid 4061.0; Min. -0.4814242422580719;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:0fRhB/73ledxbT+EOdV46w==

Debate listening index (W3)

f10550379 Location:

Summary Statistics: StDev 1.039190010867238; Mean 0.04154213736596509; Valid 4061.0; Min. -0.4835796356201172; Max. 9.415020942687988

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:6OIotsojUIa1Q4rVmxH2gA==

Debate knowledge index

f10550379 Location:

Summary Statistics: Max. 4.845190048217773; Mean 0.05157994095312252; Valid 4061.0; StDev 1.0327890603805328; Min. -0.5519543290138245;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:B+XEKwvDMLvO8T5BJh1WpA==

Debate knowledge index (W1)

f10550379 Location:

Summary Statistics: Valid 4061.0; Max. 4.838070392608643; Mean 0.051672848030955364; StDev 1.0327682399503146; Min. -0.5528604388237

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:pa+i14hcRz7YQwYAxWqXQg==

Debate knowledge index (W2)

f10550379 Location:

Summary Statistics: Max. 4.8354926109313965; StDev 1.032759435053612; Min. -0.5531269311904907; Valid 4061.0; Mean 0.05169870325186868

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:+7m40w/eQQPyulJWBux0hw==

Debate knowledge index (W3)

f10550379 Location:

Summary Statistics: Valid 4061.0; StDev 1.0327363610862512; Mean 0.05153926978760459; Max. 4.836324691772461; Min. -0.5518506765365601

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:FIv7ZbFQZoceXG580NxSFQ==

Policy knowledge index

f10550379 Location:

Summary Statistics: Mean 0.01682523963663361; Min. -0.9163057804107666; Valid 4061.0; Max. 2.8493638038635254; StDev 1.0071723283015466;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:TZvgTJ64PcpaFMbJvbpxXQ==

Policy knowledge index (W1)

f10550379 Location:

Summary Statistics: Min. -0.9166054129600525; Valid 4061.0; StDev 1.0072431094467666; Max. 2.8506481647491455; Mean 0.016905667929483593

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:wmfhQxvXw+6GtxVzQrQcUA==

Policy knowledge index (W2)

f10550379 Location:

Summary Statistics: Valid 4061.0; Min. -0.915978729724884; Mean 0.016744643317687158; Max. 2.8479855060577393; StDev 1.007107392940457;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:qvdkeco1ApTAG/wT9wgXJQ==

Policy knowledge index (W3)

f10550379 Location:

Summary Statistics: Valid 4061.0; Min. -0.9161297082901001; Mean 0.016784852455473336; StDev 1.0071483215864079; Max. 2.848620891571045;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:P/aFJ+rZLpD8+w+18InkGA==

Political information demand index

f10550379 Location:

Summary Statistics: Max. 3.117238998413086; Valid 4061.0; Min. -3.6181516647338867; Mean 0.02553202601684791; StDev 0.9989529199395857

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:REKOZtRXSkVP33qxDJeypA==

Political information demand index (W1)

f10550379 Location:

Summary Statistics: Max. 3.134361743927002; Min. -3.6252288818359375; Valid 4061.0; Mean 0.025436376276030077; StDev 0.9989383698506127;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:XCrhd1zG2eRSqly1bfxWJw==

Political information demand index (W2)

f10550379 Location:

Summary Statistics: Max. 3.1248960494995117; Mean 0.025460514353916924; StDev 0.998980907305626; Min. -3.622343063354492; Valid 4061.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:bSW7IPN7x83ykkbBX3IfaQ==

Political information demand index (W3)

f10550379 Location:

Summary Statistics: Mean 0.025758228486743636; Valid 4061.0; Min. -3.599013328552246; Max. 3.080890655517578; StDev 0.9989133614501013;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:ylDOXurLgHn6YeM3ran/aQ==

Debate listening index

f10550379 Location:

Summary Statistics: Valid 4061.0; Max. 8.719991683959961; Mean 1.056584630983277E-8; StDev 0.9999999778117558; Min. -0.5035971999168396

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:70vlhl8KXnFOIpfQ+EdwJg==

Debate listening index

f10550379 Location:

Summary Statistics: Valid 4061.0; Mean -2.1575674110598234E-9; StDev 1.0000000058338667; Min. -0.5029609203338623; Max. 8.368337631225586;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:ZnkSxfyfcl2+oazu/im/Ew==

Debate listening index

f10550379 Location:

Summary Statistics: Mean 1.2717910431804373E-8; Valid 4061.0; Max. 8.32634449005127; Min. -0.5033653974533081; StDev 0.9999999985588484

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:f4GgZGBxeVJ8IeeD155BtA==

Rebroadcasts: confirmed

f10550379 Location:

Summary Statistics: Valid 4061.0; Mean 5.226052696380198; StDev 3.6073434825592985; Max. 10.0; Min. 0.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:vOn/+pZqSwmat0IOzyJwxg==

Rebroadcasts: survey

f10550379 Location:

Summary Statistics: StDev 4.480937363974967; Mean 7.646638758926371; Valid 4061.0; Max. 22.0; Min. 0.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:xhGhIqKJ2x29bTTQC0uDcA==

BL post-debate

f10550379 Location:

Summary Statistics: Min. 0.0; Valid 4061.0; Mean 0.8212262989411468; Max. 1.0; StDev 0.38320989792773097

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:QaHD65ifiTkylboeyWeP4Q==

\hspace{0.1cm} Education: Primary

f10550379 Location:

Summary Statistics: Max. 1.0; Min. 0.0; Mean 0.9357301157350406; StDev 0.24526328479549547; Valid 4061.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:0/NMDU3XeFm6m3BrQFBTVg==

\hspace{0.1cm} Education: Secondary

f10550379 Location:

Summary Statistics: Mean 0.7791184437330703; StDev 0.41489189167835966; Max. 1.0; Min. 0.0; Valid 4061.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:E0q05TOHC1ssCtLEMedr7w==

\hspace{0.1cm} Education: Tertiary

f10550379 Location:

Summary Statistics: Mean 0.1440531888697363; Valid 4061.0; Max. 1.0; StDev 0.3511868983381027; Min. 0.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:Z120SUT/9LdeMETOlXHeEw==

Electoral District Code

f10550438 Location:

Variable Format: character

Notes: UNF:6:v0LErp01A7B691B5mTcLXg==

Enumerator ID

f10550438 Location:

Summary Statistics: Min. 1.0; Max. 155.0; StDev 35.047952238949335; Mean 22.811868997783872; Valid 12183.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:NEPOM9qsm5srB+oeETQnEw==

\hspace{0.1cm} Respondent age

f10550438 Location:

Summary Statistics: Min. 18.0; Max. 99.0; StDev 9.27240403063825; Mean 31.728145776902245; Valid 12183.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:H4+YM0kwRWk4DVFvIzuwDA==

\hspace{0.1cm} Days since Sept 1

f10550438 Location:

Summary Statistics: Mean 71.21127801034233; Valid 12183.0; Min. 53.0; StDev 10.431930111507121; Max. 90.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:ZWFp9sT2qgpOn8NS+ZpfMA==

\hspace{0.1cm} Respondent is male

f10550438 Location:

Summary Statistics: StDev 0.4319947841558837; Mean 0.7517852745629172; Max. 1.0; Min. 0.0; Valid 12183.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:ed8CBL5BXmZgmDYSPcFlgA==

\hspace{0.1cm} Education: Primary

f10550438 Location:

Summary Statistics: Max. 1.0; Mean 0.9357301157350406; Min. 0.0; Valid 12183.0; StDev 0.24524315071634037

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:2GTTvm9h3vMsBeCNHZ4OBg==

\hspace{0.1cm} Education: Secondary

f10550438 Location:

Summary Statistics: Valid 12183.0; Mean 0.7791184437330723; Min. 0.0; Max. 1.0; StDev 0.41485783249909025;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:WidTIUlnR7oU079TGFQ04g==

\hspace{0.1cm} Education: Tertiary

f10550438 Location:

Summary Statistics: Valid 12183.0; StDev 0.35115806880980593; Mean 0.14405318886973725; Min. 0.0; Max. 1.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:B2wszTX5mwJPl7g3uJyzQQ==

\hspace{0.1cm} Number of candidates (2017)

f10550438 Location:

Summary Statistics: Mean 14.466141344496608; Valid 12183.0; StDev 5.1860618494705495; Max. 28.0; Min. 3.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:ac3tXVUEqqKarYRF40X5LQ==

\hspace{0.1cm} Incumbent ran in election (2017)

f10550438 Location:

Summary Statistics: Max. 1.0; Mean 0.835754740211772; StDev 0.3705131881427646; Valid 12183.0; Min. 0.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:zUyBBooQ1Jhjh5Gt/z19mg==

\hspace{0.1cm} Log registered voters (2017)

f10550438 Location:

Summary Statistics: Min. 9.270023345947266; Max. 11.055482864379883; Mean 10.345674392655084; Valid 12183.0; StDev 0.3927425810722048;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:PGfnlCR1y9VjT1/kwb2EwA==

\hspace{0.1cm} Number of debates in district

f10550438 Location:

Summary Statistics: StDev 0.6966249632964232; Mean 2.2036444225560197; Min. 1.0; Max. 4.0; Valid 12183.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:7vzWdM2DgkS5t84+K7aLjg==

\hspace{0.1cm} 1st voteshare (2011)

f10550438 Location:

Summary Statistics: Min. 0.1222674548625946; Max. 0.8209583163261414; StDev 0.1369611908364002; Mean 0.31672357539037804; Valid 12183.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:bopbAVqD1OOzy9A60NOFmg==

\hspace{0.1cm} 2nd voteshare (2011)

f10550438 Location:

Summary Statistics: StDev 0.046487923574793165; Max. 0.3633316457271576; Mean 0.18012893178088163; Min. 0.0961589515209198; Valid 12183.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:603FbjzNlaqeTXNmlz1CiQ==

\hspace{0.1cm} 3rd voteshare (2011)

f10550438 Location:

Summary Statistics: Valid 12183.0; Max. 0.24551701545715332; Mean 0.12558001231762633; Min. 0.05440990626811981; StDev 0.03149904335864768

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:9voOYo11OUB5LddwvU9fGQ==

\hspace{0.1cm} Voteshare HHI (2011)

f10550438 Location:

Summary Statistics: Max. 0.6924660801887512; Mean 0.19587732373757824; StDev 0.11355332592165031; Min. 0.06991080939769745; Valid 12183.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:P7W2HJwx4mOlF/7onm0pIQ==

\hspace{0.1cm} Turnout (2011)

f10550438 Location:

Summary Statistics: Min. 0.5592731833457947; Valid 12183.0; Mean 0.6637262150267306; Max. 0.7482534646987915; StDev 0.04566212885778895

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:5aUdYqe1sJMqprd+iJTW7Q==

\hspace{0.1cm} Share of repeat candidates (2017)

f10550438 Location:

Summary Statistics: Valid 12183.0; Mean 0.24712638657497005; Max. 0.5333333611488342; StDev 0.10369018016084569; Min. 0.0625;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:yM6Le4DORWSj+E5sE+8rtw==

\hspace{0.1cm} Log population density (2008)

f10550438 Location:

Summary Statistics: Max. -5.205929756164551; StDev 1.8494810939451576; Mean -8.874109974109455; Valid 12183.0; Min. -11.908119201660156;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:i8MXhft+apXqIBVrSM1Mew==

\hspace{0.1cm} Share with GSM coverage (2015)

f10550438 Location:

Summary Statistics: Min. 0.010145919397473335; StDev 0.25773119100391084; Valid 12183.0; Max. 1.0; Mean 0.8078600591132571

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:4FAg9iug9Ha4az2qqEbMAg==

\hspace{0.1cm} Share owns a radio (2016)

f10550438 Location:

Summary Statistics: Min. 0.375; Valid 12183.0; StDev 0.12393847958029365; Max. 1.0; Mean 0.7451411780392828

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:fIh/rU5fJsqw9Om9KKXARw==

\hspace{0.1cm} Share gets radio news often (2016)

f10550438 Location:

Summary Statistics: Max. 1.0; StDev 0.11592904399990278; Min. 0.5; Valid 12183.0; Mean 0.7685257602107859

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:D6kNEQhA3NTqr9fFfpsUtQ==

\hspace{0.1cm} Share over 18 (2008)

f10550438 Location:

Summary Statistics: Min. 0.4304080605506897; Mean 0.4861601400745229; Valid 12183.0; StDev 0.020678984216168025; Max. 0.5362035036087036

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:LlpRnd2gdiya8lrYUjAOMA==

\hspace{0.1cm} Share with secondary education (2008)

f10550438 Location:

Summary Statistics: Max. 0.2812085449695587; Mean 0.16460241013631272; Min. 0.0374729186296463; Valid 12183.0; StDev 0.05022341709019537;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:23A8Tqv4XDFDIL8ZTJddgg==

\hspace{0.1cm} Avg. N radio stations covering each town (2016)

f10550438 Location:

Summary Statistics: StDev 7.62572196784402; Valid 12183.0; Mean 13.038852364287358; Max. 23.35686683654785; Min. 0.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:XpKtY4q0HfLUPqN0ft0DPw==

\hspace{0.1cm} ED: scheduled debate week

f10550438 Location:

Summary Statistics: StDev 0.4179678688035046; Max. 2.0; Min. 1.0; Valid 12183.0; Mean 1.225560206845608

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:maAKUZfkev8nVQ+O5m0Vlw==

Randomization block

f10550438 Location:

Summary Statistics: Max. 19.0; Valid 12183.0; StDev 5.212017736612338; Mean 10.763851268160526; Min. 1.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:5LdVZ9Wv4/8o+iXAVDPbiQ==

Rebroadcasting intervention

f10550438 Location:

Summary Statistics: Mean 0.5193302142329492; Valid 12183.0; Max. 1.0; Min. 0.0; StDev 0.4996467094123377

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:sAPOerJp0zCSZjQla1bKAw==

Intensive invitation intervention

f10550438 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency	Text
1.	\hspace{0.1cm} \textit{Intensive Invite}	6759
0.	\hspace{0.1cm} \textit{Control}	5424

Summary Statistics: Min. 0.0; Valid 12183.0; StDev 0.49700944724982177; Max. 1.0; Mean 0.5547894607239541;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:DJhQWH+WCi+5pLALh5sY3w==

Demographic weights

f10550438 Location:

Summary Statistics: Min. 1.2134609060902288E-20; Valid 12183.0; Mean 0.9956802511399077; Max. 5.00009976205164; StDev 0.8035791523062574

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:eHUlVmQB9QUIA3cM3AucRw==

Candidate code

f10550438 Location:

Summary Statistics: Mean 502.26651891983556; StDev 267.8393695756585; Max. 984.0; Min. 4.0; Valid 12183.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:6i+P65Cxn+U3ba0xwE+Ztg==

Candidate is incumbent

f10550438 Location:

Summary Statistics: StDev 0.4523986590630128; Max. 1.0; Valid 12183.0; Min. 0.0; Mean 0.287039317081178;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:9JmNrQ73oqHN33ESV/VlDg==

Candidate is challenger

f10550438 Location:

Summary Statistics: Mean 0.712960682918822; StDev 0.4523986590630128; Max. 1.0; Min. 0.0; Valid 12183.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:MWMvmwgDGDJdVJJLu07+Ew==

Candidate party

f10550438 Location:

Variable Format: character

Notes: UNF:6:C87sMGvkEZi0zrB0P9+t7Q==

\hspace{0.1cm} Candidate party: UP

f10550438 Location:

Summary Statistics: Mean 0.20233111713042803; StDev 0.40175425905888446; Valid 12183.0; Min. 0.0; Max. 1.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:TOzJb910NWHpAEQtvspQIA==

Candidate is male

f10550438 Location:

Summary Statistics: Valid 12183.0; Max. 1.0; Min. 0.0; Mean 0.8699827628662875; StDev 0.33633620146915727

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:sBoklO9t93XmipESZ8o9BA==

Candidate attended debate

f10550438 Location:

Summary Statistics: Max. 1.0; StDev 0.4981493248634741; Min. 0.0; Mean 0.5432159566609286; Valid 12183.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:mdICeJpyr3J23NmrwLhxTw==

\hspace{0.1cm} Observed debate performance

f10550438 Location:

Summary Statistics: Mean 0.1625017859715935; Min. 0.0; Valid 12183.0; Max. 0.8333333134651184; StDev 0.17072900617030815;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:tOj5ia/re5oPftJ/xmWZHQ==

\hspace{0.1cm} Predicted debate performance

f10550438 Location:

Summary Statistics: Max. 0.5449604646235728; Valid 12183.0; Min. 0.08497039619654553; StDev 0.0865926147213964; Mean 0.2125131308167066

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:ZnQAHLCXDOoEQa0XlTJCHw==

\hspace{0.1cm} Policy alignment

f10550438 Location:

Summary Statistics: StDev 0.27811796895430885; Max. 1.0; Min. 0.0; Valid 12183.0; Mean 0.4226928338191999

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:ORdAPtSqDrikKMFgIEC+Vw==

\hspace{0.1cm} Switches to voting for candidate

f10550438 Location:

Summary Statistics: Mean 0.14569482065172779; Valid 12183.0; StDev 0.3528144799235858; Max. 1.0; Min. 0.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:GmYljSZnDuGb4EAvvgDxOw==

\hspace{0.1cm} Votes for candidate

f10550438 Location:

Summary Statistics: StDev 0.3950315214826446; Min. 0.0; Mean 0.19346630550767463; Valid 12183.0; Max. 1.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:ZE391Fi5bJ8uxpapr2YrmQ==

Intended to vote for candidate at baseline

f10550438 Location:

Summary Statistics: Valid 12183.0; StDev 0.2822166330085516; Min. 0.0; Mean 0.08725272921283717; Max. 1.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:KUctoinaWSqKw8nEEAsGJg==

Change in certainty about incumbent competence

f10550438 Location:

Summary Statistics: Valid 3497.0; Min. -2.90279221534729; Mean -0.0028475206499781196; StDev 0.9937605436907644; Max. 2.778898000717163

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:Ogy204IekMWtgyZcddPHYw==

Change in certainty about incumbent competence (W1)

f10550438 Location:

Summary Statistics: Valid 3497.0; Mean 0.031105011224336395; Max. 2.8071482181549072; Min. -2.8628952503204346; StDev 0.9917234319950702

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:b5w4SJMii7pwoUOr+aYoiA==

Change in certainty about incumbent competence (W2)

f10550438 Location:

Summary Statistics: StDev 0.9921436660436399; Valid 3497.0; Min. -2.886118173599243; Mean 0.009108177340682783; Max. 2.786327600479126;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:55/XqhPu2+wVyPVfnbxwRA==

Change in certainty about incumbent competence (W3)

f10550438 Location:

Summary Statistics: Valid 3497.0; StDev 1.0098862831306958; Min. -2.9764206409454346; Max. 2.797466278076172; Mean -0.02941844348809397;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:KfD6jmI0DnEv4nTsGUrx5A==

Change in certainty about incumbent policy priorities

f10550438 Location:

Summary Statistics: Min. -2.428269624710083; Max. 2.491734027862549; Valid 3497.0; Mean 0.012035330638720443; StDev 1.0032000165785597

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:yqypilNy2Y+yZIDFk8HQCA==

Change in certainty about incumbent policy priorities (W1)

f10550438 Location:

Summary Statistics: Valid 3497.0; Max. 2.510568857192993; Mean 0.025751650488935934; Min. -2.419590473175049; StDev 1.0052707982737248;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:/CMAck1EvFgG8ERsZmTZpg==

Change in certainty about incumbent policy priorities (W2)

f10550438 Location:

Summary Statistics: StDev 0.9998338710807977; Mean 0.016428159090163746; Min. -2.4156885147094727; Valid 3497.0; Max. 2.487806558609009;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:M+UJt2HqXRVw8+D7haBbug==

Change in certainty about incumbent policy priorities (W3)

f10550438 Location:

Summary Statistics: Max. 2.4823153018951416; Valid 3497.0; Min. -2.446382522583008; StDev 1.0049727787444287; Mean -0.0017652755077469128;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:TKGoTgG0e8AefuiyufszZQ==

Change in beliefs about incumbent competence

f10550438 Location:

Summary Statistics: Valid 3497.0; Max. 2.592219352722168; Mean 0.01857209147676048; Min. -2.943289041519165; StDev 0.9946373945881757;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:u/gAzijIG7tYtuCa3oOjcg==

Change in beliefs about incumbent competence (W1)

f10550438 Location:

Summary Statistics: Valid 3497.0; Min. -2.9269497394561768; Max. 2.541450262069702; Mean -9.960671015932633E-4; StDev 0.9825791817645515

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:iUNbHoiETXbTPS5rocTlgg==

Change in beliefs about incumbent competence (W2)

f10550438 Location:

Summary Statistics: Mean 0.011965057646713833; StDev 0.9796208879516989; Min. -2.905179500579834; Max. 2.5467567443847656; Valid 3497.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:d2nQwU752oQWlVT7ekmmeQ==

Change in beliefs about incumbent competence (W3)

f10550438 Location:

Summary Statistics: Mean 0.03510809456889522; Valid 3497.0; Max. 2.602818250656128; StDev 0.9923428675530135; Min. -2.9199202060699463

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:JigLYzK4m4UA7Xuf325iDw==

Change in certainty about incumbent policy priorities

f10550438 Location:

Summary Statistics: Mean -0.01398467691815014; StDev 0.9820646308812926; Valid 3497.0; Min. -2.457803964614868; Max. 2.316073417663574;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:hZxne2KCNAOGhswheluHgg==

Change in certainty about incumbent policy priorities (W1)

f10550438 Location:

Summary Statistics: StDev 0.9629733121275041; Max. 2.297545909881592; Min. -2.3835272789001465; Valid 3497.0; Mean 0.012784104265884522;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:7qd1v4+ItldYp+IojazxaQ==

Change in certainty about incumbent policy priorities (W2)

f10550438 Location:

Summary Statistics: Min. -2.434023380279541; Mean 0.0013669595912775578; Max. 2.3233883380889893; Valid 3497.0; StDev 0.9786774239578283;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:mfkeO6n7AqK3V33Bo2tvfw==

Change in certainty about incumbent policy priorities (W3)

f10550438 Location:

Summary Statistics: StDev 0.9792795409288102; Mean -0.027580344130695086; Valid 3497.0; Min. -2.4644689559936523; Max. 2.295869827270508

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:2TEeEviTz4sApxnAgpWOMA==

Frequency hearing incumbent on radio

f10550438 Location:

Summary Statistics: Mean 0.05581876586548526; Valid 3497.0; Max. 1.8524549007415771; StDev 1.0012621810731899; Min. -2.5246083736419678;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:caS77lbc4A/hDVbPtIjH7w==

Frequency hearing incumbent on radio (W1)

f10550438 Location:

Summary Statistics: Valid 3497.0; StDev 0.9944532927524518; Mean 0.10161629992022879; Min. -2.4612629413604736; Max. 1.8860347270965576;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:QV4VkOO5cBeLuQtGVMndAw==

Frequency hearing incumbent on radio (W2)

f10550438 Location:

Summary Statistics: Max. 1.8709348440170288; StDev 1.0003757229061432; Min. -2.502253293991089; Mean 0.07588934198060211; Valid 3497.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:zdzi24l7IXOquQFM/NGsxw==

Frequency hearing incumbent on radio (W3)

f10550438 Location:

Summary Statistics: Max. 1.858886957168579; Min. -2.4134371280670166; StDev 0.977302873491488; Mean 0.1052427515749733; Valid 3497.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:2VJHvdIPD8jgQtnL2gZlvg==

Frequency of incumbent on-the-ground campaigning

f10550438 Location:

Summary Statistics: Valid 3493.0; Min. -3.910987138748169; Max. 1.5599764585494995; StDev 1.0300120894784823; Mean -0.020114307445115307

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:4iQBaZa1uXbA80vWv1VU0Q==

Frequency of incumbent on-the-ground campaigning (W1)

f10550438 Location:

Summary Statistics: Min. -3.8916313648223877; Mean -0.01988997440726592; StDev 1.0299380025693137; Max. 1.57183039188385; Valid 3493.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:ppRsS1nY5m0UIe/o5CEYQA==

Frequency of incumbent on-the-ground campaigning (W2)

f10550438 Location:

Summary Statistics: StDev 1.0298981069932533; Min. -3.8900840282440186; Valid 3493.0; Max. 1.5758143663406372; Mean -0.019774349175464258

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:XRnDKC3FSCIPrspwidVsqw==

Frequency of incumbent on-the-ground campaigning (W3)

f10550438 Location:

Summary Statistics: Max. 1.5462369918823242; Min. -3.928844928741455; Mean -0.02039985723885219; Valid 3493.0; StDev 1.0301089834976798

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:N8TPCarQvpE4In0TJ/k6PA==

Change in certainty about challenger competence

f10550438 Location:

Summary Statistics: StDev 0.995516937695536; Valid 8686.0; Min. -2.8430428504943848; Mean -0.007335665656993424; Max. 2.3636586666107178

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:PUn+pL0ylxAW4JkAlUmOvA==

Change in certainty about challenger competence (W1)

f10550438 Location:

Summary Statistics: Mean 0.009104061797140366; Valid 8686.0; Max. 2.3990042209625244; Min. -2.8492143154144287; StDev 1.003454916238322;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:A3Yn6kd13cXWXuJaXxsSAA==

Change in certainty about challenger competence (W2)

f10550438 Location:

Summary Statistics: Min. -2.862806558609009; Mean -0.0023788249069917776; Valid 8686.0; StDev 1.0041954283632986; Max. 2.38928484916687

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:BYH8ZuaeQo5zmwye6SCMqA==

Change in certainty about challenger competence (W3)

f10550438 Location:

Summary Statistics: Min. -2.8824610710144043; StDev 1.003748444124323; Mean -0.02330666750964685; Max. 2.3672924041748047; Valid 8686.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:Ut2fMt4B0gy4XKeGN9/sZw==

Change in certainty about challenger policy priorities

f10550438 Location:

Summary Statistics: Max. 2.5560719966888428; Valid 8686.0; StDev 1.0149166551180941; Mean -0.029245162294370783; Min. -2.5824687480926514

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:LPqLuXm/fsAx6G6lVWQr4A==

Change in certainty about challenger policy priorities (W1)

f10550438 Location:

Summary Statistics: Max. 2.574789524078369; Min. -2.5754647254943848; StDev 1.0172302335473273; Mean -0.016421007850547606; Valid 8686.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:X7ol7lTgA7mksFWQphJ77Q==

Change in certainty about challenger policy priorities (W2)

f10550438 Location:

Summary Statistics: Mean -0.03230650894920155; StDev 1.017510759567966; Valid 8686.0; Max. 2.5596187114715576; Min. -2.5920560359954834;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:Cz/C6oQDtFZScwTAl7u7Ew==

Change in certainty about challenger policy priorities (W3)

f10550438 Location:

Summary Statistics: Mean -0.029912437132600635; StDev 1.0268619012093503; Min. -2.6131865978240967; Valid 8686.0; Max. 2.5858330726623535

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:oqMxnLA/l4rjtaQPLvWAwA==

Change in beliefs about challenger competence

f10550438 Location:

Summary Statistics: Min. -3.371732473373413; StDev 1.0003389621750254; Mean -0.032773311404954486; Max. 3.1182701587677; Valid 8686.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:CrfUXP7tjKGotWqcaPAthA==

Change in beliefs about challenger competence (W1)

f10550438 Location:

Summary Statistics: StDev 1.0015983840081895; Min. -3.3723363876342773; Max. 3.1258373260498047; Mean -0.029173390511377482; Valid 8686.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:iLW49WGfPmpkMH1fZ+eWpg==

Change in beliefs about challenger competence (W2)

f10550438 Location:

Summary Statistics: Max. 3.150010585784912; Min. -3.3853678703308105; Valid 8686.0; StDev 1.0073329782061595; Mean -0.023063939293766746

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:vAvisij+FD33feGJhwRI7Q==

Change in beliefs about challenger competence (W3)

f10550438 Location:

Summary Statistics: Mean -0.022232890763840257; Min. -3.359318733215332; StDev 0.9997776835628573; Valid 8686.0; Max. 3.127042770385742

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:P2eAcetaTUHPBr+XGrX9cA==

Change in certainty about challenger policy priorities

f10550438 Location:

Summary Statistics: Min. -2.4282896518707275; Mean 0.002423579750346369; StDev 0.9770851095952539; Valid 8686.0; Max. 2.280268430709839

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:5ZXAXiD+WkqxPUkERZJeWA==

Change in certainty about challenger policy priorities (W1)

f10550438 Location:

Summary Statistics: Min. -2.361701726913452; Valid 8686.0; StDev 0.9632401043970433; Max. 2.280137538909912; Mean 0.034569012945131934

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:IR2+D15IBrI/h0H1WVgowA==

Change in certainty about challenger policy priorities (W2)

f10550438 Location:

Summary Statistics: Max. 2.309432029724121; Valid 8686.0; Mean 0.026592545130685284; StDev 0.979227503507564; Min. -2.4094502925872803

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:tScIq4l0SA90j/YHYllbgA==

Change in certainty about challenger policy priorities (W3)

f10550438 Location:

Summary Statistics: Max. 2.251938581466675; Min. -2.466001510620117; StDev 0.9790320207738107; Mean -0.03044502220613916; Valid 8686.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:sfE+s1Rlk7P1t9iNEPUByw==

Frequency hearing challenger on radio

f10550438 Location:

Summary Statistics: Max. 2.110135793685913; Valid 8686.0; Min. -2.403599977493286; StDev 1.0204676675142208; Mean 0.0038643469500037092

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:buNb9IzGRqaKO0rgbQO2+g==

Frequency hearing challenger on radio (W1)

f10550438 Location:

Summary Statistics: Min. -2.4108924865722656; Mean 0.003436529829208707; Max. 2.1157138347625732; StDev 1.0233774026644276; Valid 8686.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:BlE+M1nZps6C8wJrJ3ZSrQ==

Frequency hearing challenger on radio (W2)

f10550438 Location:

Summary Statistics: StDev 1.0277899098629544; Max. 2.120527744293213; Min. -2.425595998764038; Valid 8686.0; Mean -8.571883987339348E-4

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:E6nFZ8Ka+7SAK+pYoC9Eew==

Frequency hearing challenger on radio (W3)

f10550438 Location:

Summary Statistics: StDev 0.99908916751586; Min. -2.334735870361328; Max. 2.0844388008117676; Valid 8686.0; Mean 0.022293040026668997;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:oFuG6tZI//HXYKgIkEsHRg==

Frequency of challenger on-the-ground campaigning

f10550438 Location:

Summary Statistics: StDev 1.0276683786621414; Valid 8678.0; Max. 1.7151418924331665; Min. -3.127458095550537; Mean -0.03596722782254794;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:8ja7N6ji+mi13dH1xwibyQ==

Frequency of challenger on-the-ground campaigning (W1)

f10550438 Location:

Summary Statistics: Mean -0.0360518143434832; StDev 1.0280742461437598; Min. -3.1440329551696777; Valid 8678.0; Max. 1.700395941734314

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:lVOydSa43LgQmvPpboldAA==

Frequency of challenger on-the-ground campaigning (W2)

f10550438 Location:

Summary Statistics: Mean -0.03604127417805186; Valid 8678.0; Max. 1.7029458284378052; StDev 1.0279925562674606; Min. -3.140582799911499

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:se1DFRo/lrhfkCmGAScIRg==

Frequency of challenger on-the-ground campaigning (W3)

f10550438 Location:

Summary Statistics: Mean -0.036008331740300756; Valid 8678.0; Max. 1.7029691934585571; Min. -3.1460657119750977; StDev 1.0281003956486812;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:IrddSwVaQlheKhPBaZvW0A==

\hspace{0.1cm} Frequency of candidate vote buying

f10550438 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency
1.	Almost everyone did it	5663
2.	Many, but not most, people did it	2015
5.	Nobody did this	1033
4.	Almost no-one did this	945
99.	REFUSED	0
98.	DK	0
3.	Only a few people did it	2515

Summary Statistics: Valid 12171.0; Max. 5.0; Min. 1.0; Mean 2.151261194643001; StDev 1.312869367853095;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:5E98zs4Ulad74Uda3oBuHA==

Candidate competence (baseline)

f10550438 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency
1.	Not at all qualified	1222
4.	Well qualified	5182
2.	Not very qualified	1266
98.	DK	0
5.	Very well qualified	1370
3.	Somewhat qualified	3143

Summary Statistics: Mean 3.345727653287368; Valid 12183.0; StDev 1.1228801741209526; Min. 1.0; Max. 5.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:EUVNNYivxoZ8S9vqeqUMMQ==

Certainty about candidate competence (baseline)

f10550438 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency
1.	Not at all sure	1956
3.	Somewhat sure	2180
4.	Very sure	4927
2.	Not very sure	747
99.	REFUSED	0
98.	DK	0
5.	Completely sure	2373

Summary Statistics: StDev 1.3106553696970922; Min. 1.0; Valid 12183.0; Mean 3.411557087745216; Max. 5.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:XVNR4hhKg9vI4d4bx80q0g==

Certainty about candidate policy priorities (baseline)

f10550438 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency
1.	Not at all sure	2233
2.	Not very sure	1978
5.	Completely sure	1208
4.	Very sure	3528
99.	REFUSED	0
3.	Somewhat sure	3236
98.	DK	0

Summary Statistics: Valid 12183.0; Max. 5.0; Mean 2.9589592054502187; StDev 1.2570431881905353; Min. 1.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:GXUTsq43L+1tgu7CtF7ASg==

\hspace{0.1cm} Change in certainty of candidate competence

f10550438 Location:

Summary Statistics: Min. -4.0; Valid 12183.0; Mean 0.2784207502257189; Max. 4.0; StDev 1.4984147704933073

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:CB1KGY9DXcddC72r8GFzHA==

\hspace{0.1cm} Change in certainty of candidate priority issues

f10550438 Location:

Summary Statistics: StDev 1.594866256211338; Valid 12183.0; Min. -4.0; Mean -0.027004842813752844; Max. 4.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:VOw40aDJasdYaMEaFfRmsA==

\hspace{0.1cm} Change in assessment of candidate competence

f10550438 Location:

Summary Statistics: Valid 12183.0; Min. -4.0; StDev 1.2971347386309613; Mean 0.1630961175408349; Max. 4.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:ImK3v1OUwqPE74USfnSxkA==

\hspace{0.1cm} Frequency of hearing candidate on radio

f10550438 Location:

Summary Statistics: Max. 5.0; Mean 2.7549864565377975; Min. 1.0; Valid 12183.0; StDev 1.1263050247442241

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:LDA6Xj8L7tOO+97G94wGpw==

\hspace{0.1cm} Candidate distributed leaflets in locality

f10550438 Location:

Summary Statistics: StDev 0.29101647199898684; Valid 12183.0; Max. 1.0; Mean 0.9065911516046957; Min. 0.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:3vLyQAKxGbIZ5wjdQmL/iQ==

\hspace{0.1cm} Candidate visited locality

f10550438 Location:

Summary Statistics: Min. 0.0; Valid 12183.0; Max. 1.0; Mean 0.7620454732003618; StDev 0.42584862947958607

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:dQKE0kT8fibo5jP8JBz9+A==

\hspace{0.1cm} Change in share of candidate priorities named

f10550438 Location:

Summary Statistics: Max. 1.0; Valid 12183.0; Min. -1.0; StDev 0.41399876764408094; Mean 0.029987141782305483

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:9diDcucrr4kXwdqVUjtKBA==

Respondents in ED

f10550438 Location:

Summary Statistics: StDev 29.76870691623027; Valid 12183.0; Min. 9.0; Max. 130.0; Mean 73.30509726668363;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:MkDM+f0c6hZgdIftzb6YVQ==

BL post-debate

f10550438 Location:

Summary Statistics: Min. 0.0; Valid 12183.0; StDev 0.38317843957701814; Max. 1.0; Mean 0.8212262989411467

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:LrvX+H9jfgOVEpF9wcY4rA==

Registered voters in ED

f10550438 Location:

Summary Statistics: Mean 33464.430928343296; Min. 10615.0; Max. 63290.0; Valid 12183.0; StDev 12247.492854496993

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:QxZZezkVGgtA9GY2p8jerA==

var

f10547543 Location:

Variable Format: character

Notes: UNF:6:NK+ASPl14t+ve4TUKHjRow==

label

f10547543 Location:

Variable Format: character

Notes: UNF:6:qulYoNfmZzOOWyGP4C+xSA==

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codebook.pdf

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application/pdf

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make_figures.R

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make_tables.do

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