Replication Data for: Atomic Arguments and Counter-Arguments: How Exposure to Conflicting Information Influences American Public Support for the Use of Nuclear Weapons (doi:10.7910/DVN/KUF6CH)

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Part 1: Document Description
Part 2: Study Description
Part 3: Data Files Description
Part 4: Variable Description
Part 5: Other Study-Related Materials
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Document Description

Citation

Title:

Replication Data for: Atomic Arguments and Counter-Arguments: How Exposure to Conflicting Information Influences American Public Support for the Use of Nuclear Weapons

Identification Number:

doi:10.7910/DVN/KUF6CH

Distributor:

Harvard Dataverse

Date of Distribution:

2025-03-28

Version:

Bibliographic Citation:

Sagan, Scott D; Valentino, Benjamin A, 2025, "Replication Data for: Atomic Arguments and Counter-Arguments: How Exposure to Conflicting Information Influences American Public Support for the Use of Nuclear Weapons", https://doi.org/10.7910/DVN/KUF6CH, Harvard Dataverse, V1, UNF:6:DCo1E0/RkBm4OD06o8pZ/w== [fileUNF]

Study Description

Citation

Title:

Replication Data for: Atomic Arguments and Counter-Arguments: How Exposure to Conflicting Information Influences American Public Support for the Use of Nuclear Weapons

Identification Number:

doi:10.7910/DVN/KUF6CH

Authoring Entity:

Sagan, Scott D (Stanford University, USA)

Valentino, Benjamin A (Dartmouth College, USA)

Distributor:

Harvard Dataverse

Access Authority:

Valentino, Benjamin A

Depositor:

UB-KSU, ISQ

Date of Deposit:

2025-03-28

Holdings Information:

https://doi.org/10.7910/DVN/KUF6CH

Study Scope

Keywords:

Social Sciences

Abstract:

In this paper, we introduce a novel approach for assessing the effectiveness of messaging designed to influence public opinion on the use of nuclear weapons. We argue that messages intended to decrease support for nuclear use are most effective when they meet three conditions. First, they must present subjects with novel counter-attitudinal information or interpretations that were not likely to be already incorporated into subjects’ opinions. Second, they must provide salient information that resonates with the values and concerns of subjects. Third, since, in the real world, the public is likely to hear both arguments and counterarguments for important policy issues, effective messages must be resilient, maintaining their effect even when respondents are exposed to strong, competing messages. We use this framework to test the effects of different messages about the legality of nuclear use, the military effectiveness of nuclear weapons, and the potential for setting precedents for nuclear use by others. We find that most messages have only modest and reversible effects. Alerting subjects to the possibility that using nuclear weapons might set a precedent making American adversaries more likely to use them in the future, however, produces the most significant reduction in support for nuclear use.

Methodology and Processing

Sources Statement

Data Access

Other Study Description Materials

Related Publications

Citation

Title:

Scott D Sagan, Benjamin A Valentino, Atomic Arguments and Counter-Arguments: How Exposure to Conflicting Information Influences American Public Support for the Use of Nuclear Weapons, International Studies Quarterly, Volume 69, Issue 1, March 2025, sqae154, https://doi.org/10.1093/isq/sqae154

Bibliographic Citation:

File Description--f11035613

File: ISQ replication data for Atomic Arguments Sagan and Valentino 2024-08-24.tab

Number of cases: 3600
No. of variables per record: 76
Type of File: text/tab-separated-values

Notes:

UNF:6:DCo1E0/RkBm4OD06o8pZ/w==

Variable Description

List of Variables:

caseid - Case ID
weight - Citizens Weight
ISQ_treatments
salient_info_treatment
survey_commit - Commitment to completing the survey
consent - Consent
US_citizen - Citizen of the United States
manipulation_all - ISQ condition 1 manipulation check 1st try
manipulation_all_check_1 - ISQ condition 1 manipulation check 2nd try
manipulation_illegal - ISQ condition 2 manipulation check 1st try
manipulation_illegal_counter - ISQ condition 3 manipulation check 1st try
manipulation_precedent - ISQ condition 4 manipulation check 1st try
manipulation_precedent_counter - ISQ condition 5 manipulation check 1st try
manipulation_effect - ISQ condition 6 manipulation check 1st try
manipulation_effect_counter - ISQ condition 7 manipulation check 1st try
manipulation_illegal_2nd_try - ISQ condition 2 manipulation check 2nd try
manipulation_illegal_c_2nd_try - ISQ condition 3 manipulation check 2nd try
manipulation_precedent_2nd_try - ISQ condition 4 manipulation check 2nd try
manipulation_precedent_c_2nd_try - ISQ condition 5 manipulation check 2nd try
manipulation_effect_2nd_try - ISQ condition 6 manipulation check 2nd try
manipulation_effect_c_2nd_try - ISQ condition 7 manipulation check 2nd try
information_open1_t2 - information_open1_t2
information_open2_t2 - information_open2_t2
information_open3_t2 - information_open3_t2
prefer_strike - Launch the nuclear strike against the Iranian city or continue the ground war ag
prefer_strike_open - Preferred to launch the nuclear strike: Single most important reason why - Open
prefer_ground_open - prefer_ground_open
death_penalty - Favor - Oppose: Death penalty for persons convicted of murder
election_2020 - President vote/support 2020
election_2020_other - President vote/support 2020 - Other
birthyr - Birth Year
gender - Gender
race - Race
educ - Education
marstat - Marital Status
employ - Employment Status
faminc_new - Family income
pid3 - 3 point party ID
pid7 - 7 point Party ID
presvote16post - 2016 President Vote Post Election
inputstate - State of Residence
votereg - Voter Registration Status
ideo5 - Ideology
newsint - Political Interest
religpew - Religion
pew_churatd - Church attendance (Pew version)
pew_bornagain - Born Again (Pew version)
pew_religimp - Importance of religion (Pew version)
pew_prayer - Frequency of Prayer (Pew version)
starttime - Questionnaire Start Time
endtime - Questionnaire End Time
rep_leaners - republicans with leaners = 5-7 from pid7
dem_leaners
independent
prefer_strike_bin
male
favor_death_penalty_bin
age
ageolder60
college_grad
dem_ind_rep - from PID7 with leaners as partisans
dem_vs_rep - from PID7 with leaners as partisans
dem_lean_ind_rep - from pid3 with leaners as independent and DKs and others as missing
dem_vs_rep_nolean - from pid3 with independents (inlcuding leaners), DKs and others as missing
info3_all_law_3to6 - % mentioning law in information_open 1, 2 or 3
info3_all_civs_3to6 - % mentioning civilians in information_open 1, 2 or 3
info3_all_prec_3to6 - % mentioning precedent in information_open 1, 2 or 3
info3_all_effect_3to6 - % mentioning effectiveness in information_open 1, 2 or 3
info3_all_troops_3to6 - % mentioning US troops in information_open 1, 2 or 3
open_law_3to6 - % mentioning law in prefer_ground_open
open_civs_3to6 - % mentioning civilians
open_prec_3to6 - % mentioning precedent
open_effect_3to6 - % mentioning effectiveness
open_troops_3to6 - % mentioning US troops
manipulation_all_correct
dem_ind_rep_ind_in_middle - from PID7 with leaners as partisans

Variables

Case ID

f11035613 Location:

Summary Statistics: StDev 7928211.369591742; Valid 3600.0; Max. 1.293226735E9; Mean 1.2783806647655556E9; Min. 1.044374093E9;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:aRA1BWiCOvn0TYrJ0SEm1g==

Citizens Weight

f11035613 Location:

Summary Statistics: StDev 0.587571581635794; Max. 8.00389721032628; Valid 3600.0; Mean 1.0010131446781632; Min. 0.080029578522885

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:hwhla3AAaoTNekDDe2kWTg==

ISQ_treatments

f11035613 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency
2.	strike illegal	400
6.	effectiveness (90)	400
1.	baseline	800
5.	set precedent (counter)	400
4.	set precedent	400
7.	effectiveness (counter 45)	400
3.	strike illegal (counter)	400

Summary Statistics: Mean 3.625; Max. 7.0; Valid 3200.0; Min. 1.0; StDev 2.117965251190784;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:yYSZ9v51RnALtnrHcTakGg==

salient_info_treatment

f11035613 Location:

Summary Statistics: StDev 0.0; Min. 1.0; Mean 1.0; Valid 400.0; Max. 1.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:ZVkhwLHh8OLUQOLG0Z4oVA==

Commitment to completing the survey

f11035613 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency
1.	Yes, I can finish the survey now	3600
9.	not asked	0
2.	No, I'd like to come back later	0
8.	skipped	0

Summary Statistics: Mean 1.0; Max. 1.0; StDev 0.0; Min. 1.0; Valid 3600.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:ninLoBXZYnqOTXYflJz4Xg==

Consent

f11035613 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency
8.	skipped	0
9.	not asked	0
1.	click here to continue to the survey	3600

Summary Statistics: Max. 1.0; Min. 1.0; StDev 0.0; Valid 3600.0; Mean 1.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:ninLoBXZYnqOTXYflJz4Xg==

Citizen of the United States

f11035613 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency
1.	Yes	3600
8.	skipped	0
9.	not asked	0
2.	No	0

Summary Statistics: Mean 1.0; Min. 1.0; Valid 3600.0; Max. 1.0; StDev 0.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:ninLoBXZYnqOTXYflJz4Xg==

ISQ condition 1 manipulation check 1st try

f11035613 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency
5.	500,000	84
8.	skipped	0
2.	25,000	210
4.	250,000	188
1.	3,000	71
3.	100,000	2934
6.	2 million	113
9.	not asked	0

Summary Statistics: Valid 3600.0; StDev 0.745891725216666; Mean 3.0952777777777776; Min. 1.0; Max. 6.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:6kVzS6uiMe10OTUvvc6FIA==

ISQ condition 1 manipulation check 2nd try

f11035613 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency
1.	3,000	0
2.	25,000	0
8.	skipped	0
4.	250,000	0
6.	2 million	0
5.	500,000	0
9.	not asked	0
3.	100,000	666

Summary Statistics: Mean 3.0; StDev 0.0; Max. 3.0; Valid 666.0; Min. 3.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:7sVV0WwUyei0/EDAywNsEA==

ISQ condition 2 manipulation check 1st try

f11035613 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency
9.	not asked	0
8.	skipped	0
1.	The JCS disagreed about whether or not the strike would cause Iran to surrender.	13
5.	The JCS disagreed about how many nuclear weapons should be used in the strike.	8
2.	The JCS agreed that the strike would result in thousands of refugees.	14
4.	The JCS agreed the strike would violate international law.	364
3.	The JCS agreed the strike would cause electrical power outages throughout Iran.	1

Summary Statistics: Min. 1.0; StDev 0.6584709256297876; Max. 5.0; Valid 400.0; Mean 3.85

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:Sd3kTcnsDVgW6R0EaXnftg==

ISQ condition 3 manipulation check 1st try

f11035613 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency
9.	not asked	0
4.	The JCS disagreed about whether the strike would cause electrical power outages throughout Iran.	0
5.	The JCS disagreed about how many nuclear weapons should be used in the strike.	6
8.	skipped	0
3.	The JCS disagreed about whether or not the strike would be legal under international law.	377
1.	The JCS disagreed about whether or not the strike would cause Iran to surrender.	8
2.	The JCS agreed that the strike would result in thousands of refugees.	9

Summary Statistics: StDev 0.40230382912335927; Valid 400.0; Max. 5.0; Mean 2.9675000000000002; Min. 1.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:SdvglennCm3f/IkFAyPV7w==

ISQ condition 4 manipulation check 1st try

f11035613 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency
5.	The JCS agreed that the strike would cause electrical outages throughout Iran.	2
4.	The JCS agreed that the strike would set a precedent that wo	379
2.	The JCS agreed that most of those killed would be Iranian political leaders.	3
8.	skipped	0
3.	The JCS agreed that the strike would result in thousands of refugees.	8
9.	not asked	0
1.	The JCS agreed that a conventional airstrike would be equally effective in this situation.	8

Summary Statistics: StDev 0.4769367585741293; Mean 3.91; Min. 1.0; Max. 5.0; Valid 400.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:SNfdJ/9pp+Irbi32B7vdJQ==

ISQ condition 5 manipulation check 1st try

f11035613 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency
2.	The JCS agreed that most of those killed would be Iranian political leaders.	3
5.	The JCS disagreed about whether the strike would cause electrical outages throughout Iran.	5
1.	The JCS disagreed about whether a conventional airstrike would be equally effective in this situation.	13
3.	The JCS disagreed about whether the strike would result in thousands of refugees.	4
9.	not asked	0
4.	The JCS disagreed about whether the strike would set a prece	375
8.	skipped	0

Summary Statistics: Valid 400.0; Min. 1.0; StDev 0.5776974431651913; Mean 3.8899999999999997; Max. 5.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:ikIc1b5ZisiM/1JkkBNSTg==

ISQ condition 6 manipulation check 1st try

f11035613 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency
5.	The JCS estimated that the strike would cause electrical outages throughout Iran.	2
2.	The JCS estimated that the strike would result in thousands of refugees.	11
9.	not asked	0
8.	skipped	0
1.	The JCS estimated that the strike would cause lasting environmental damage in Iran.	8
4.	The JCS estimated that there was a 90 percent chance that Iran would surrender after the strike.	371
3.	The JCS estimated that most of those killed in the strike would be soldiers.	8

Summary Statistics: Max. 5.0; StDev 0.5466691117984348; Valid 400.0; Min. 1.0; Mean 3.87;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:IPAvGyYXqE/fHGRa8SKFAw==

ISQ condition 7 manipulation check 1st try

f11035613 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency
8.	skipped	0
4.	The JCS disagreed about the chance that Iran would surrender after the strike.	376
2.	The JCS disagreed about whether the strike would result in thousands of refugees.	6
3.	The JCS disagreed about whether most of those killed in the strike would be soldiers.	11
1.	The JCS disagreed about the effects of the strike on the environment.	3
5.	The JCS disagreed about whether the strike would cause electrical outages throughout Iran.	4
9.	not asked	0

Summary Statistics: Valid 400.0; Mean 3.93; Max. 5.0; Min. 1.0; StDev 0.40062607645138565

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:uiOhN5i/1vArIvtm+vmImA==

ISQ condition 2 manipulation check 2nd try

f11035613 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency
5.	The JCS disagreed about how many nuclear weapons should be used in the strike.	0
8.	skipped	0
3.	The JCS agreed the strike would cause electrical power outages throughout Iran.	0
4.	The JCS agreed the strike would violate international law.	36
2.	The JCS agreed that the strike would result in thousands of refugees.	0
1.	The JCS disagreed about whether or not the strike would cause Iran to surrender.	0
9.	not asked	0

Summary Statistics: Valid 36.0; Min. 4.0; Mean 4.0; Max. 4.0; StDev 0.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:i/IlZ6gM3ka4WiGMfI7TfA==

ISQ condition 3 manipulation check 2nd try

f11035613 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency
1.	The JCS disagreed about whether or not the strike would cause Iran to surrender.	0
4.	The JCS disagreed about whether the strike would cause electrical power outages throughout Iran.	0
2.	The JCS agreed that the strike would result in thousands of refugees.	0
5.	The JCS disagreed about how many nuclear weapons should be used in the strike.	0
3.	The JCS disagreed about whether or not the strike would be legal under international law.	23
8.	skipped	0
9.	not asked	0

Summary Statistics: Max. 3.0; Min. 3.0; Valid 23.0; Mean 3.0; StDev 0.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:kQgOiCPHYDiCkC1qDqmTzQ==

ISQ condition 4 manipulation check 2nd try

f11035613 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency
8.	skipped	0
5.	The JCS agreed that the strike would cause electrical outages throughout Iran.	0
9.	not asked	0
1.	The JCS agreed that a conventional airstrike would be equally effective in this situation.	0
4.	The JCS agreed that the strike would set a precedent that wo	21
3.	The JCS agreed that the strike would result in thousands of refugees.	0
2.	The JCS agreed that most of those killed would be Iranian political leaders.	0

Summary Statistics: Mean 4.0; Min. 4.0; StDev 0.0; Valid 21.0; Max. 4.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:+m89EcxZvyRWKIMq5lL9+g==

ISQ condition 5 manipulation check 2nd try

f11035613 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency
2.	The JCS agreed that most of those killed would be Iranian political leaders.	0
8.	skipped	0
3.	The JCS disagreed about whether the strike would result in thousands of refugees.	0
5.	The JCS disagreed about whether the strike would cause electrical outages throughout Iran.	0
9.	not asked	0
1.	The JCS disagreed about whether a conventional airstrike would be equally effective in this situation.	0
4.	The JCS disagreed about whether the strike would set a prece	25

Summary Statistics: StDev 0.0; Valid 25.0; Mean 4.0; Min. 4.0; Max. 4.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:cb5Ej6aHQsbi+R4iKp8HNg==

ISQ condition 6 manipulation check 2nd try

f11035613 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency
3.	The JCS estimated that most of those killed in the strike would be soldiers.	0
9.	not asked	0
4.	The JCS estimated that there was a 90 percent chance that Iran would surrender after the strike.	29
2.	The JCS estimated that the strike would result in thousands of refugees.	0
5.	The JCS estimated that the strike would cause electrical outages throughout Iran.	0
8.	skipped	0
1.	The JCS estimated that the strike would cause lasting environmental damage in Iran.	0

Summary Statistics: Mean 4.0; Max. 4.0; Valid 29.0; Min. 4.0; StDev 0.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:UUpMJn5/yEN70IbZ9w/esg==

ISQ condition 7 manipulation check 2nd try

f11035613 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency
8.	skipped	0
1.	The JCS disagreed about the effects of the strike on the environment.	0
2.	The JCS disagreed about whether the strike would result in thousands of refugees.	0
3.	The JCS disagreed about whether most of those killed in the strike would be soldiers.	0
5.	The JCS disagreed about whether the strike would cause electrical outages throughout Iran.	0
9.	not asked	0
4.	The JCS disagreed about the chance that Iran would surrender after the strike.	24

Summary Statistics: Min. 4.0; Valid 24.0; Max. 4.0; StDev 0.0; Mean 4.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:IIZr2eVdT+0IP1sdUNDw/A==

information_open1_t2

f11035613 Location:

Variable Format: character

Notes: UNF:6:XcpAkeWtSLAd+XCnsO+xfA==

information_open2_t2

f11035613 Location:

Variable Format: character

Notes: UNF:6:y9TMkDZJLGw9Auuj1dGMww==

information_open3_t2

f11035613 Location:

Variable Format: character

Notes: UNF:6:PQAlTIgqLIVlbzAqTNKsgg==

Launch the nuclear strike against the Iranian city or continue the ground war ag

f11035613 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency
6.	6 - Strongly prefer to launch strike	452
8.	skipped	0
5.	5	294
3.	3	692
4.	4	495
2.	2	628
9.	not asked	0
1.	1 - Strongly prefer to continue ground war	1018

Summary Statistics: Max. 6.0; Min. 1.0; StDev 1.7069265876037956; Mean 2.9371332774518; Valid 3579.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:mqHFW/JvQo6ALbDazlCCWA==

Preferred to launch the nuclear strike: Single most important reason why - Open

f11035613 Location:

Variable Format: character

Notes: UNF:6:m4lPrMp7bo0LW9mrG9AbUA==

prefer_ground_open

f11035613 Location:

Variable Format: character

Notes: UNF:6:Y5SU3GUI5/MQCQ3b+ikEuA==

Favor - Oppose: Death penalty for persons convicted of murder

f11035613 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency
4.	Strongly oppose	638
8.	skipped	0
9.	not asked	0
3.	Oppose	981
2.	Favor	1167
1.	Strongly favor	798

Summary Statistics: Mean 2.407087053571428; Valid 3584.0; Max. 4.0; StDev 1.021272483240152; Min. 1.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:dhHaSGeJTCu21i3ZQsq6Ow==

President vote/support 2020

f11035613 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency
1.	Donald Trump	1223
4.	I did not support any candidate	209
2.	Joe Biden	1939
5.	No opinion	89
3.	I supported someone else	134
9.	not asked	0
8.	skipped	0

Summary Statistics: Min. 1.0; Max. 5.0; Valid 3594.0; Mean 1.8875904284919311; StDev 0.9058959754081649

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:iMIn5zXAntrZ34a1rxTbrg==

President vote/support 2020 - Other

f11035613 Location:

Variable Format: character

Notes: UNF:6:+fLvzhc60MAq7dVsORRRJw==

Birth Year

f11035613 Location:

Summary Statistics: Min. 1927.0; Valid 3600.0; StDev 17.618413694962808; Max. 2002.0; Mean 1971.648888888889;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:rsPzAyp/LLy8IyQ+hHrBmQ==

Gender

f11035613 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency
8.	skipped	0
9.	not asked	0
1.	Male	1667
2.	Female	1933

Summary Statistics: Valid 3600.0; Min. 1.0; Mean 1.536944444444445; StDev 0.49870250903981767; Max. 2.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:HNTZNX7EAjeMieaDxH01tQ==

Race

f11035613 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency
6.	Two or more races	99
3.	Hispanic	422
4.	Asian	90
5.	Native American	21
8.	Middle Eastern	10
99.	not asked	0
7.	Other	76
2.	Black	453
1.	White	2429
98.	skipped	0

Summary Statistics: StDev 1.395103394784821; Min. 1.0; Mean 1.7422222222222223; Max. 8.0; Valid 3600.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:fH2zV9qesUBfolQ3mVibcQ==

Education

f11035613 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency
9.	not asked	0
3.	Some college	769
8.	skipped	0
5.	4-year	704
2.	High school graduate	1088
1.	No HS	128
4.	2-year	415
6.	Post-grad	496

Summary Statistics: StDev 1.511303437952095; Min. 1.0; Valid 3600.0; Max. 6.0; Mean 3.5463888888888886

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:1k8Do1tFhXgqukziwn8Lxg==

Marital Status

f11035613 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency
2.	Separated	60
6.	Domestic / civil partnership	183
8.	skipped	0
1.	Married	1676
3.	Divorced	376
4.	Widowed	166
9.	not asked	0
5.	Never married	1139

Summary Statistics: StDev 1.9067037128250681; Min. 1.0; Mean 2.883611111111113; Valid 3600.0; Max. 6.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:KnICYR0BDyvgb2me4Z/Jew==

Employment Status

f11035613 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency
1.	Full-time	1246
6.	Permanently disabled	302
9.	Other	69
99.	not asked	0
3.	Temporarily laid off	66
5.	Retired	753
98.	skipped	0
2.	Part-time	382
4.	Unemployed	316
7.	Homemaker	247
8.	Student	219

Summary Statistics: Mean 3.6530555555555564; Min. 1.0; StDev 2.4604493830766305; Valid 3600.0; Max. 9.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:eUB/onSESumCg3LeXW4SgA==

Family income

f11035613 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency
8.	$70,000 - $79,999	256
13.	$200,000 - $249,999	45
9.	$80,000 - $99,999	284
5.	$40,000 - $49,999	307
7.	$60,000 - $69,999	229
12.	$150,000 - $199,999	138
16.	$500,000 or more	16
10.	$100,000 - $119,999	218
15.	$350,000 - $499,999	19
97.	Prefer not to say	427
14.	$250,000 - $349,999	42
1.	Less than $10,000	206
2.	$10,000 - $19,999	279
11.	$120,000 - $149,999	193
998.	skipped	0
6.	$50,000 - $59,999	290
999.	not asked	0
3.	$20,000 - $29,999	313
4.	$30,000 - $39,999	338

Summary Statistics: Max. 97.0; Valid 3600.0; Mean 17.11916666666669; StDev 29.490957154759634; Min. 1.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:8/0fZ8i7IPb4GNHzFnVmYg==

3 point party ID

f11035613 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency
8.	skipped	0
3.	Independent	1022
9.	not asked	0
2.	Republican	831
4.	Other	196
5.	Not sure	130
1.	Democrat	1421

Summary Statistics: Valid 3600.0; Min. 1.0; StDev 1.1001847650473873; Max. 5.0; Mean 2.106388888888889

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:gN5knVMgDUTDNkKZRl9Jlg==

7 point Party ID

f11035613 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency
9.	Don't know	0
6.	Not very strong Republican	251
99.	not asked	0
4.	Independent	566
7.	Strong Republican	579
3.	Lean Democrat	385
2.	Not very strong Democrat	392
1.	Strong Democrat	1028
5.	Lean Republican	328
8.	Not sure	71
98.	skipped	0

Summary Statistics: StDev 2.257277994056793; Min. 1.0; Mean 3.610555555555557; Valid 3600.0; Max. 8.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:nrMSOFrGLHtFnAZrEj8sHw==

2016 President Vote Post Election

f11035613 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency
2.	Donald Trump	958
98.	skipped	0
7.	Did not vote for President	1052
1.	Hillary Clinton	1305
6.	Other	58
99.	not asked	0
3.	Gary Johnson	120
5.	Evan McMullin	21
4.	Jill Stein	86

Summary Statistics: Mean 3.2616666666666667; Valid 3600.0; Min. 1.0; StDev 2.5528865595736323; Max. 7.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:nCjCvHmnNn4D2oaMM6JUUQ==

State of Residence

f11035613 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency
34.	New Jersey	102
55.	Wisconsin	86
89.	Ontario	0
48.	Texas	274
99.	Not in the U.S. or Canada	0
92.	Saskatchewan	0
17.	Illinois	142
37.	North Carolina	110
31.	Nebraska	22
29.	Missouri	71
21.	Kentucky	55
1.	Alabama	48
54.	West Virginia	23
32.	Nevada	40
10.	Delaware	13
64.	Federated States of Micronesia	0
90.	Prince Edward Island	0
68.	Marshall Islands	0
998.	skipped	0
46.	South Dakota	14
74.	U.S. Minor Outlying Islands	0
60.	American Samoa	0
39.	Ohio	141
5.	Arkansas	36
4.	Arizona	102
26.	Michigan	104
13.	Georgia	101
11.	District of Columbia	9
16.	Idaho	24
49.	Utah	29
41.	Oregon	74
83.	Manitoba	0
6.	California	355
27.	Minnesota	52
23.	Maine	17
8.	Colorado	85
93.	Yukon Territory	0
47.	Tennessee	64
45.	South Carolina	65
56.	Wyoming	4
18.	Indiana	87
12.	Florida	245
50.	Vermont	10
25.	Massachusetts	70
2.	Alaska	12
87.	Nova Scotia	0
19.	Iowa	36
38.	North Dakota	8
33.	New Hampshire	22
24.	Maryland	57
84.	New Brunswick	0
81.	Alberta	0
72.	Puerto Rico	0
42.	Pennsylvania	196
20.	Kansas	26
40.	Oklahoma	31
86.	Northwest Territories	0
28.	Mississippi	28
53.	Washington	98
15.	Hawaii	8
9.	Connecticut	26
22.	Louisiana	43
30.	Montana	8
82.	British Columbia	0
36.	New York	204
35.	New Mexico	18
88.	Nunavut	0
999.	not asked	0
66.	Guam	0
91.	Quebec	0
44.	Rhode Island	10
70.	Palau	0
78.	Virgin Islands	0
69.	Northern Mariana Islands	0
85.	Newfoundland	0
51.	Virginia	95

Summary Statistics: StDev 16.1657104234583; Min. 1.0; Mean 28.19694444444444; Max. 56.0; Valid 3600.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:LPHYAIY1jCT/6bEILvD5rg==

Voter Registration Status

f11035613 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency
8.	skipped	0
3.	Don't know	43
9.	not asked	0
1.	Yes	3327
2.	No	230

Summary Statistics: StDev 0.32247575827792524; Min. 1.0; Mean 1.087777777777778; Valid 3600.0; Max. 3.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:mRgbzknU3CoTUl78mjwPyg==

Ideology

f11035613 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency
1.	Very liberal	540
8.	skipped	0
2.	Liberal	698
6.	Not sure	202
9.	not asked	0
4.	Conservative	616
3.	Moderate	1102
5.	Very conservative	442

Summary Statistics: StDev 1.397623867302211; Min. 1.0; Mean 3.0911111111111125; Valid 3600.0; Max. 6.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:ML+uSTA9dLWyrxAFnyYcgw==

Political Interest

f11035613 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency
2.	Some of the time	869
4.	Hardly at all	198
3.	Only now and then	357
7.	Don't know	71
98.	skipped	0
1.	Most of the time	2098
99.	not asked	0

Summary Statistics: Valid 3593.0; Mean 1.7244642360144742; Min. 1.0; Max. 7.0; StDev 1.1498546913201753

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:DNSUOlmfFTm/W+prkqs0kw==

Religion

f11035613 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency
4.	Eastern or Greek Orthodox	22
6.	Muslim	22
2.	Roman Catholic	608
7.	Buddhist	36
11.	Nothing in particular	770
98.	skipped	0
99.	not asked	0
12.	Something else	278
8.	Hindu	8
9.	Atheist	328
3.	Mormon	57
10.	Agnostic	241
5.	Jewish	102
1.	Protestant	1128

Summary Statistics: Mean 5.758055555555554; Max. 12.0; StDev 4.551403375198618; Min. 1.0; Valid 3600.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:JSE4VDEw1df1LrEVVSfa4Q==

Church attendance (Pew version)

f11035613 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency
6.	Never	1288
7.	Don't know	58
98.	skipped	0
3.	Once or twice a month	236
99.	not asked	0
1.	More than once a week	225
2.	Once a week	594
5.	Seldom	794
4.	A few times a year	405

Summary Statistics: Mean 4.401388888888889; StDev 1.7100940095241013; Max. 7.0; Min. 1.0; Valid 3600.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:gach9BwKR9Xk+dOTW2Y5Sg==

Born Again (Pew version)

f11035613 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency
8.	skipped	0
1.	Yes	967
2.	No	2633
9.	not asked	0

Summary Statistics: Valid 3600.0; StDev 0.4432987359071611; Mean 1.731388888888889; Max. 2.0; Min. 1.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:AHx0fJ5oRS0Wfj26e9dbrg==

Importance of religion (Pew version)

f11035613 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency
8.	skipped	0
2.	Somewhat important	834
3.	Not too important	497
4.	Not at all important	967
9.	not asked	0
1.	Very important	1302

Summary Statistics: Min. 1.0; Valid 3600.0; Mean 2.3136111111111104; Max. 4.0; StDev 1.2149999177361168;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:WOeZTERsjj6ZNTeNPwSqKQ==

Frequency of Prayer (Pew version)

f11035613 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency
99.	not asked	0
3.	A few times a week	410
8.	Don't know	92
5.	A few times a month	236
7.	Never	829
4.	Once a week	96
98.	skipped	0
2.	Once a day	454
6.	Seldom	509
1.	Several times a day	974

Summary Statistics: Valid 3600.0; Min. 1.0; StDev 2.4831878747990688; Mean 3.963611111111112; Max. 8.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:y1Gx3MbeRsjaN+8xTVmBKA==

Questionnaire Start Time

f11035613 Location:

Variable Format: character

Notes: UNF:6:2dyL0iq5ETrU56P1/Vfx7w==

Questionnaire End Time

f11035613 Location:

Variable Format: character

Notes: UNF:6:R8mSMu1jNQMKc5Y7WESiuA==

republicans with leaners = 5-7 from pid7

f11035613 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency	Text
1.	Republican	1158

Summary Statistics: Min. 0.0; Valid 3600.0; Max. 1.0; Mean 0.3216666666666667; StDev 0.4671807459673612

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:CXOd0fjnj1cP3VMGsVR4Rw==

dem_leaners

f11035613 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency	Text
1.	Democrat	1805

Summary Statistics: Max. 1.0; Valid 3600.0; StDev 0.5000675296313426; Mean 0.5013888888888887; Min. 0.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:yWJgCT2+Meszuz0uNlZeKg==

independent

f11035613 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency	Text
1.	independent	566

Summary Statistics: Min. 0.0; Mean 0.15722222222222199; Max. 1.0; StDev 0.36406072541159545; Valid 3600.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:Drf9Tz2mk7kaZobbCLWhdQ==

prefer_strike_bin

f11035613 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency	Text
0.	prefer continue ground war	2338
1.	prefer strike	1241

Summary Statistics: Valid 3579.0; Min. 0.0; Max. 1.0; StDev 0.4760001908530274; Mean 0.34674490081028325

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:McugHquMe6JSfIwFYEH3aA==

male

f11035613 Location:

Summary Statistics: Max. 1.0; Min. 0.0; StDev 0.49870250903981767; Valid 3600.0; Mean 0.4630555555555552

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:ne90SxwoqAExP972J9dFHA==

favor_death_penalty_bin

f11035613 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency	Text
0.	oppose death penalty	1619
1.	favor death penalty	1965

Summary Statistics: Mean 0.5482700892857139; Max. 1.0; Min. 0.0; Valid 3584.0; StDev 0.4977339873057925

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:JKzdGW+nLkr29p9YJtaYHQ==

age

f11035613 Location:

Summary Statistics: Mean 48.351111111111116; StDev 17.618413694962825; Min. 18.0; Valid 3600.0; Max. 93.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:SyGbJe3v1k45OZ+p8EszzA==

ageolder60

f11035613 Location:

Summary Statistics: Mean 0.3122222222222222; Min. 0.0; Valid 3600.0; StDev 0.46346431643621355; Max. 1.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:I0+nsbWzVOs0d7CPVjQ95Q==

college_grad

f11035613 Location:

Summary Statistics: StDev 0.47147000728446925; Min. 0.0; Mean 0.3333333333333332; Max. 1.0; Valid 3600.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:saEPVllQIiXEpDZu4B8vIA==

from PID7 with leaners as partisans

f11035613 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency
2.	Republican	1158
3.	independent	566
1.	Democrat	1805

Summary Statistics: Valid 3529.0; Min. 1.0; Max. 3.0; Mean 1.6489090393879282; StDev 0.7407782073950958

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:XEb1ZyeXSP3UsxvFdgOa9Q==

from PID7 with leaners as partisans

f11035613 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency	Text
1.	Democrat	1805
2.	Republican	1158

Summary Statistics: Valid 2963.0; StDev 0.48801652707246795; Max. 2.0; Min. 1.0; Mean 1.3908201147485655

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:AoOpKSK3hYExW4hgMUX6jQ==

from pid3 with leaners as independent and DKs and others as missing

f11035613 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency
4.	Other	0
3.	Independent	1022
5.	Not sure	0
1.	Democrat	1421
2.	Republican	831
9.	not asked	0
8.	skipped	0

Summary Statistics: Mean 1.878130726939523; Max. 3.0; StDev 0.8553089289264418; Min. 1.0; Valid 3274.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:zjelSiWziPopLWSsNN2ybA==

from pid3 with independents (inlcuding leaners), DKs and others as missing

f11035613 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency
9.	not asked	0
1.	Democrat	1421
5.	Not sure	0
4.	Other	0
8.	skipped	0
2.	Republican	831
3.	Independent	0

Summary Statistics: StDev 0.48264255377215365; Mean 1.369005328596803; Max. 2.0; Valid 2252.0; Min. 1.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:nlIf2vDpWwtP/Ha3lmXF2A==

% mentioning law in information_open 1, 2 or 3

f11035613 Location:

Summary Statistics: StDev 0.0; Min. 0.0; Max. 0.0; Valid 400.0; Mean 0.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:U26Z7RNaBkgd9U64wTLtbA==

% mentioning civilians in information_open 1, 2 or 3

f11035613 Location:

Summary Statistics: Valid 400.0; Max. 1.0; StDev 0.49939813399791694; Mean 0.46500000000000014; Min. 0.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:kLLj9OuWoaCue8g0MGLOWA==

% mentioning precedent in information_open 1, 2 or 3

f11035613 Location:

Summary Statistics: Mean 0.010000000000000026; Max. 1.0; Min. 0.0; StDev 0.09962335082737983; Valid 400.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:oETl+/sM6iCxR52laoLPJg==

% mentioning effectiveness in information_open 1, 2 or 3

f11035613 Location:

Summary Statistics: Mean 0.08250000000000006; Valid 400.0; Min. 0.0; StDev 0.2754695239888014; Max. 1.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:d8WB2z//XORkt5S/titJSA==

% mentioning US troops in information_open 1, 2 or 3

f11035613 Location:

Summary Statistics: Max. 1.0; StDev 0.49972423473045935; Min. 0.0; Valid 400.0; Mean 0.5299999999999999

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:pzVHCYrq9nfMjJT5CBNn0g==

% mentioning law in prefer_ground_open

f11035613 Location:

Summary Statistics: Valid 3600.0; Mean 0.022777777777778247; Max. 1.0; StDev 0.14921506417620542; Min. 0.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:BY0k7ViISqlg4sezm17oDQ==

% mentioning civilians

f11035613 Location:

Summary Statistics: Min. 0.0; Max. 1.0; Valid 3600.0; StDev 0.459880584049085; Mean 0.3036111111111112

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:ZhgKwuwOwXM19SMf+bCzLQ==

% mentioning precedent

f11035613 Location:

Summary Statistics: StDev 0.22637772446003124; Min. 0.0; Valid 3600.0; Mean 0.05416666666666632; Max. 1.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:mbq4LHuO6mEP02lQ/OsjDQ==

% mentioning effectiveness

f11035613 Location:

Summary Statistics: Mean 0.07055555555555605; Max. 1.0; Min. 0.0; Valid 3600.0; StDev 0.25611655581170095;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:9h96uFMqIuPMiJr/JehMyQ==

% mentioning US troops

f11035613 Location:

Summary Statistics: Mean 0.1763888888888895; Valid 3600.0; Max. 1.0; Min. 0.0; StDev 0.3812036389917214;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:hqMhKOx5AjUuX62Cd+lS2Q==

manipulation_all_correct

f11035613 Location:

Summary Statistics: StDev 0.3883515077626761; Mean 0.8150000000000002; Valid 3600.0; Max. 1.0; Min. 0.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:lYJBBDXnqVaiTjoSwWe8Jg==

from PID7 with leaners as partisans

f11035613 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency
2.	independent	566
3.	Republican	1158
1.	Democrat	1805

Summary Statistics: Mean 1.8166619438934541; Min. 1.0; StDev 0.8979032450342687; Valid 3529.0; Max. 3.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:7XRG7zXyg5OSml1Yhp4xxA==

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