Replication Data for: Do Women Make More Credible Threats? Gender Stereotypes, Audience Costs, and Crisis Bargaining (doi:10.7910/DVN/LRP3SZ)

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Part 1: Document Description
Part 2: Study Description
Part 3: Data Files Description
Part 4: Variable Description
Part 5: Other Study-Related Materials
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Replication Data for: Do Women Make More Credible Threats? Gender Stereotypes, Audience Costs, and Crisis Bargaining

doi:10.7910/DVN/LRP3SZ

Harvard Dataverse

2020-03-31

1

Schwartz, Joshua; Blair, Christopher, 2020, "Replication Data for: Do Women Make More Credible Threats? Gender Stereotypes, Audience Costs, and Crisis Bargaining", https://doi.org/10.7910/DVN/LRP3SZ, Harvard Dataverse, V1, UNF:6:LVpkyKigzxpYkExrfvpVnA== [fileUNF]

Replication Data for: Do Women Make More Credible Threats? Gender Stereotypes, Audience Costs, and Crisis Bargaining

doi:10.7910/DVN/LRP3SZ

Schwartz, Joshua (University of Pennsylvania)

Blair, Christopher (University of Pennsylvania)

Harvard Dataverse

Schwartz, Joshua

Blair, Christopher

Schwartz, Joshua

2020-03-31

https://doi.org/10.7910/DVN/LRP3SZ

Social Sciences, Audience Costs, Gender, Crisis Bargaining, Sexism

As more women attain executive office, it is important to understand how gender dynamics affect international politics. Toward this end, we present the first evidence that gender stereotypes affect leaders’ abilities to generate audience costs. Using survey experiments, we find evidence of a common gender stereotype: that men are better able to handle military crises than women. Most prominently, we find that female leaders, and male leaders facing female leaders, pay greater inconsistency costs for backing down from threats than male leaders do against fellow men. These findings point to particular advantages and disadvantages women have in international crises. Namely, female leaders are better able to tie-hands, an efficient mechanism for establishing credibility in crises. However, this bargaining advantage means female leaders will also have a harder time backing down from threats. Findings hold critical implications for debates over the effects of greater gender equality in executive offices worldwide.

<a href="http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0">CC0 1.0</a>

Schwartz, Joshua A., and Christopher W. Blair. Forthcoming. "Do Women Make More Credible Threats? Gender Stereotypes, Audience Costs, and Crisis Bargaining." International Organization.

Schwartz, Joshua A., and Christopher W. Blair. Forthcoming. "Do Women Make More Credible Threats? Gender Stereotypes, Audience Costs, and Crisis Bargaining." International Organization.

• Number of cases: 1607

• No. of variables per record: 31

• Type of File: text/tab-separated-values

UNF:6:zvyt9nmZOTynaVy8h/VT5g==

• Number of cases: 2342

• No. of variables per record: 58

• Type of File: text/tab-separated-values

UNF:6:xqZjQw6zZKvEwNxgBaULmg==

• SexismOrder - SexismOrder
• male - male
• female - female
• FemaleUS - FemaleUS
• FemaleOpp - FemaleOpp
• PartyUS - PartyUS
• AttentionUS - AttentionUS
• AttentionOpp - AttentionOpp
• Attention - Attention
• SexismRescued - SexismRescued
• SexismDemands - SexismDemands
• SexismComplain - SexismComplain
• SexismPurity - SexismPurity
• Strength - Strength
• War - War
• Force - Force
• Superior - Superior
• Ashamed - Ashamed
• Trust - Trust
• Education - Education
• Gender - Gender
• Ideology - Ideology
• PartyID - PartyID
• Age - Age
• RegimeConf - RegimeConf
• RaceConf - RaceConf
• NonWhiteConf - NonWhiteConf
• Disapproval - Disapproval
• StayOut - StayOut
• NotEngage - NotEngage
• Engage - Engage
• CaseId - CaseId
• Q4_1 - Q4_1
• Q4_2 - Q4_2
• Q4_3 - Q4_3
• Q4_4 - Q4_4
• PartyID - PartyID
• Ideology - Ideology
• Gender - Gender
• Age4 - Age4
• Age7 - Age7
• White - White
• Black - Black
• Hispanic - Hispanic
• Asian - Asian
• Education5 - Education5
• Income6 - Income6
• SexismOrder - SexismOrder
• HostileSexism1 - HostileSexism1
• HostileSexism2 - HostileSexism2
• HostileSexism3 - HostileSexism3
• HostileSexism4 - HostileSexism4
• BenevolentSexism1 - BenevolentSexism1
• BenevolentSexism2 - BenevolentSexism2
• BenevolentSexism3 - BenevolentSexism3
• BenevolentSexism4 - BenevolentSexism4
• MilAssert1 - MilAssert1
• MilAssert2 - MilAssert2
• MilAssert3 - MilAssert3
• MaleName - MaleName
• FemaleName - FemaleName
• StayOut - StayOut
• NotEngage - NotEngage
• Engage - Engage
• FemaleOpp - FemaleOpp
• FemaleUS - FemaleUS
• DemocratUS - DemocratUS
• MM_StayOut - MM_StayOut
• MM_NotEngage - MM_NotEngage
• MM_Engage - MM_Engage
• FM_StayOut - FM_StayOut
• FM_NotEngage - FM_NotEngage
• FM_Engage - FM_Engage
• MF_StayOut - MF_StayOut
• MF_NotEngage - MF_NotEngage
• MF_Engage - MF_Engage
• FF_StayOut - FF_StayOut
• FF_NotEngage - FF_NotEngage
• FF_Engage - FF_Engage
• Disapproval - Disapproval
• DisapprovalBinary - DisapprovalBinary
• AttentionCheck1 - AttentionCheck1
• AttentionCheck2 - AttentionCheck2
• AttentionCheck3 - AttentionCheck3
• AttentionCheck - AttentionCheck
• RegimeConfounding - RegimeConfounding
• NonWhiteConfounding - NonWhiteConfounding
• BlackConfounding - BlackConfounding
• HispanicConfounding - HispanicConfounding

f3788734 Location:

Summary Statistics: Min. 1.0; Max. 2.0; StDev 0.4999037043213852; Mean 1.4841319228375855; Valid 1607.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:eMv3ptpLle+/T5hhK2QR0w==

f3788734 Location:

Variable Format: character

Notes: UNF:6:YSeQ8cKZY3rmU8P/pU1uZQ==

f3788734 Location:

Variable Format: character

Notes: UNF:6:QAiSHQ/WG7mjI2SItmmwcg==

f3788734 Location:

Summary Statistics: Max. 1.0; Mean 0.5009334163036714; Valid 1607.0; Min. 0.0; StDev 0.5001547704891498

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:Ex5Mlv8/CQOqDfX/HAEaHQ==

f3788734 Location:

Summary Statistics: Max. 1.0; Min. 0.0; StDev 0.5001508969686954; Valid 1607.0; Mean 0.4978220286247666

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:UHiNeGXZy6bmC5kSk92XPQ==

f3788734 Location:

Summary Statistics: Max. 1.0; StDev 0.5001547704891498; Mean 0.4990665836963285; Min. 0.0; Valid 1607.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:+vsf+vFccW8bZJgL75os+Q==

f3788734 Location:

Summary Statistics: Max. 1.0; StDev 0.21233113567941214; Min. 0.0; Mean 0.9527069072806472; Valid 1607.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:WrlO70fM36jSDBi6Z4u3Ng==

f3788734 Location:

Summary Statistics: Max. 1.0; StDev 0.3405321643936535; Mean 0.8662103298070938; Min. 0.0; Valid 1607.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:/ByMezdJa0BVzBbrNT0sIQ==

f3788734 Location:

Summary Statistics: Valid 1607.0; Min. 0.0; StDev 0.43242266636519544; Max. 2.0; Mean 1.8189172370877411

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:GQqecL/HUED3QIk5AnPIow==

f3788734 Location:

Summary Statistics: Valid 1607.0; Max. 6.0; Min. 1.0; StDev 1.49241786603044; Mean 4.1113876789047925

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:zFccxEZVF1UXL4ws7pAn+g==

f3788734 Location:

Summary Statistics: Valid 1607.0; Mean 3.233354075917853; Max. 6.0; StDev 1.631243102890863; Min. 1.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:WyijDzM9wfzBV5nIncz2Pw==

f3788734 Location:

Summary Statistics: Max. 6.0; StDev 1.5477939851798892; Mean 3.018668326073431; Valid 1607.0; Min. 1.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:bEXdYCqii3wcZdnwQ1QI4Q==

f3788734 Location:

Summary Statistics: Max. 6.0; Mean 3.074673304293714; Min. 1.0; StDev 1.4701342276305136; Valid 1607.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:cqWN6ko7BjrV42OeVC3uaw==

f3788734 Location:

Summary Statistics: Max. 5.0; Mean 2.780336029869324; Valid 1607.0; Min. 1.0; StDev 1.1707994040070744;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:9Rr2boB0WfhKSnccGX0qTw==

f3788734 Location:

Summary Statistics: Min. 1.0; Mean 3.4517734909769766; StDev 1.027035671219306; Valid 1607.0; Max. 5.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:4lbg0JDCs2qyrtwVQdtSLw==

f3788734 Location:

Summary Statistics: Max. 5.0; Mean 2.8917237087741134; Min. 1.0; Valid 1607.0; StDev 1.0200847049678243

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:Wk2XamDW6+ZD10+CbyAsJQ==

f3788734 Location:

Summary Statistics: Min. 1.0; Mean 2.593652769135035; Valid 1607.0; StDev 0.7905321041075108; Max. 4.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:0Szf6PAMEYpvgxsZhiA0yw==

f3788734 Location:

Summary Statistics: Min. 1.0; Valid 1607.0; StDev 0.7441111922425627; Max. 4.0; Mean 2.4822650902302428;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:7Z3mG2Fp5lvCkyKc0bW5xg==

f3788734 Location:

Summary Statistics: Mean 0.3609209707529551; Valid 1607.0; Min. 0.0; StDev 0.48041715797913925; Max. 1.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:m4Thde5NgoNvs5nWxqKrew==

f3788734 Location:

Summary Statistics: Min. 1.0; Valid 1607.0; Max. 5.0; Mean 3.634723086496577; StDev 0.8985190706973869;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:lW0PHFbD6xo5Clckz5bfmw==

f3788734 Location:

Summary Statistics: Min. 0.0; Max. 1.0; StDev 0.5001543780603762; Mean 0.5012468827930169; Valid 1604.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:5pNGTnGnc0wxHvl0yl6uxA==

f3788734 Location:

Summary Statistics: Max. 7.0; StDev 1.7440715546686356; Mean 4.155569383945235; Valid 1607.0; Min. 1.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:Y0PqBkiVsERpt0BaKM4gLA==

f3788734 Location:

Summary Statistics: Max. 6.0; Valid 1607.0; StDev 1.4851720295944943; Min. 1.0; Mean 3.5762289981331725

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:VsH2K+0B9tZzZ+5o+NtM3g==

f3788734 Location:

Summary Statistics: Mean 39.27380211574363; Valid 1607.0; StDev 12.758547230788812; Min. 18.0; Max. 87.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:mIzB4rUK+jV6CFm9vlfQqg==

f3788734 Location:

Summary Statistics: Max. 10.0; StDev 4.746035231330911; Min. -10.0; Mean -3.6913503422526444; Valid 1607.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:xl4smBCZY5uUXu2RTmewRQ==

f3788734 Location:

Summary Statistics: StDev 0.7328953233481186; Max. 5.0; Min. 1.0; Valid 1607.0; Mean 1.2165525824517738

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:slY2rYDSco4b2ufWjLRYjQ==

f3788734 Location:

Summary Statistics: Max. 1.0; StDev 0.31470954158423303; Valid 1607.0; Min. 0.0; Mean 0.11138767890479208;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:7E9Nlgba+ygcDDDcXGe9vA==

f3788734 Location:

Summary Statistics: Mean 4.0578718108276295; StDev 1.6645183600233837; Valid 1607.0; Max. 7.0; Min. 1.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:rQcmYHKCTuQrQW3yPpnD1A==

f3788734 Location:

Summary Statistics: Max. 1.0; StDev 0.4722797232608512; Valid 1607.0; Mean 0.33540759178593654; Min. 0.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:qA3Rtrc7EiN/TzjiMlgujg==

f3788734 Location:

Summary Statistics: Min. 0.0; Max. 1.0; Valid 1607.0; Mean 0.3335407591785936; StDev 0.4716245690928637;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:7JvWggmGACDnh74lY1W5XQ==

f3788734 Location:

Summary Statistics: Min. 0.0; Mean 0.3310516490354698; StDev 0.47073808842191434; Valid 1607.0; Max. 1.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:1HtaeGCFj7nVsbgM4nt+Ow==

f3788738 Location:

Summary Statistics: Min. 54.0; Max. 7724.0; Mean 3660.0068317677187; StDev 2154.342524704657; Valid 2342.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:xMzrKSs3Uhbya6Qb8YQnig==

f3788738 Location:

Variable Format: character

Notes: UNF:6:eT/NB0sYfz3oakvMsoJp/w==

f3788738 Location:

Variable Format: character

Notes: UNF:6:lAzeCYcRH9ME6Oov/xXzGw==

f3788738 Location:

Variable Format: character

Notes: UNF:6:L8BO/V1yJVksBBg32wiPuQ==

f3788738 Location:

Variable Format: character

Notes: UNF:6:nSj+thhyW/qfeXuXUiH8WA==

f3788738 Location:

Summary Statistics: Valid 2323.0; Max. 7.0; Min. 1.0; Mean 4.273783900129143; StDev 1.9761577837702347;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:AJdKGf3rVYEJDWYEw630sw==

f3788738 Location:

Summary Statistics: StDev 1.697665863709323; Max. 7.0; Valid 2118.0; Min. 1.0; Mean 4.412653446647781;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:efQO103KRMjc3Mjd3SFqdg==

f3788738 Location:

Summary Statistics: Min. 0.0; Max. 1.0; Valid 2342.0; Mean 0.51067463706234; StDev 0.4999927953660582

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:ML4Qrx3gaCzfjfLVFCHQHg==

f3788738 Location:

Summary Statistics: Max. 4.0; Min. 1.0; Mean 2.655422715627669; Valid 2342.0; StDev 1.0613247087199114

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:Pvh/3p1bjMBm5KVYjDHZLQ==

f3788738 Location:

Summary Statistics: Min. 1.0; Mean 3.7980358667805287; StDev 1.727416800250818; Valid 2342.0; Max. 7.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:VnopyacLNXVIrhLZvINVuQ==

f3788738 Location:

Summary Statistics: Min. 0.0; Max. 1.0; Valid 2342.0; StDev 0.476299063221481; Mean 0.6524338172502135

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:3/So/HytLsC0Q1TWZ5/mQA==

f3788738 Location:

Summary Statistics: Mean 0.11485909479077716; StDev 0.3189199143835051; Valid 2342.0; Max. 1.0; Min. 0.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:ZY/Anv0/v3436knJj+9FjQ==

f3788738 Location:

Summary Statistics: Max. 1.0; Valid 2342.0; Min. 0.0; Mean 0.1537147736976942; StDev 0.3607521459904995

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:gfp49SMThnQrHCI36RN5dw==

f3788738 Location:

Summary Statistics: StDev 0.17496179786587132; Mean 0.031596925704526026; Valid 2342.0; Min. 0.0; Max. 1.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:G23eToI4S9MzMCKz5uMMeQ==

f3788738 Location:

Summary Statistics: Valid 2342.0; Min. 1.0; StDev 1.0114387447262783; Mean 3.197267292912041; Max. 5.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:rQKzX+XAbWJjDZUnxzz3jQ==

f3788738 Location:

Summary Statistics: StDev 1.3650950438620586; Valid 2342.0; Min. 1.0; Max. 6.0; Mean 3.1831767719897526

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:aE6R8ixjiqUnQ9vAOhqCNg==

f3788738 Location:

Summary Statistics: Min. 0.0; Valid 2342.0; StDev 0.49997382570672716; Max. 1.0; Mean 0.48847139197267253

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:pNZt1VuZofEmKqIkbavCNQ==

f3788738 Location:

Summary Statistics: Valid 2334.0; Min. 1.0; StDev 1.6070649032655735; Mean 3.197086546700943; Max. 6.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:X/HrFfsbzYKcbhZqMYyI1w==

f3788738 Location:

Summary Statistics: Max. 6.0; Min. 1.0; Mean 2.548994437312795; Valid 2337.0; StDev 1.5003766845704418

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:pgXaT6RgTQPcSrG15MyEfg==

f3788738 Location:

Summary Statistics: Valid 2336.0; Min. 1.0; Max. 6.0; Mean 2.912243150684933; StDev 1.6012588524616918

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:rEoZcbyzNLdLpVdxmZyPOg==

f3788738 Location:

Summary Statistics: Min. 1.0; Valid 2336.0; Mean 2.470034246575342; StDev 1.5549743895465908; Max. 6.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:PCH9hfy7J5R6YC7IMwQHtw==

f3788738 Location:

Summary Statistics: Min. 1.0; Valid 2335.0; Max. 6.0; StDev 1.4294284967719288; Mean 3.325910064239829

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:oqLtGaCkuOYqK0ve8JBN/w==

f3788738 Location:

Summary Statistics: Mean 3.057338468121524; StDev 1.4145641429732223; Min. 1.0; Valid 2337.0; Max. 6.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:H9sL3xvZzWeUrqsP+Lu09A==

f3788738 Location:

Summary Statistics: StDev 1.5462696754061709; Valid 2335.0; Min. 1.0; Mean 4.073233404710922; Max. 6.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:vW4iKFLAO4fQkNeaD4D05Q==

f3788738 Location:

Summary Statistics: Min. 1.0; Valid 2338.0; Max. 6.0; Mean 4.768605645851156; StDev 1.355161870277362

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:Mzk3kNK/3QdoMlb/5MmFfw==

f3788738 Location:

Summary Statistics: Max. 5.0; StDev 1.2790881094577318; Mean 2.8883183568677797; Min. 1.0; Valid 2337.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:x7h813jMypNDWDWOeDUAtA==

f3788738 Location:

Summary Statistics: Mean 3.358579375267437; Valid 2337.0; Min. 1.0; StDev 1.178704899979375; Max. 5.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:7bawk8Oi3Yl+DvuOzYoE+A==

f3788738 Location:

Summary Statistics: StDev 1.1473934326560298; Valid 2336.0; Min. 1.0; Max. 5.0; Mean 3.041095890410959;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:t/BTInAC4BC4metxeXxB7Q==

f3788738 Location:

Summary Statistics: Max. 1.0; Valid 2342.0; Mean 0.49871904355251917; StDev 0.500105139364618; Min. 0.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:PL5cwa190pU/0lHVSurlqQ==

f3788738 Location:

Summary Statistics: Valid 2342.0; Min. 0.0; StDev 0.5000885446808897; Max. 1.0; Mean 0.495730145175064

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:F3ZWSN0ig2R1sv5wC0AFjw==

f3788738 Location:

Summary Statistics: StDev 0.472748410435899; Valid 2342.0; Max. 1.0; Min. 0.0; Mean 0.33689154568744645;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:sr5jXt4pZB7iuHUnLWCMug==

f3788738 Location:

Summary Statistics: Min. 0.0; Max. 1.0; StDev 0.47448602442615695; Mean 0.3420153714773698; Valid 2342.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:DfjAq6SPqDtfQn85ZvHVUw==

f3788738 Location:

Summary Statistics: Max. 1.0; StDev 0.4669961823237592; Mean 0.32109308283518373; Min. 0.0; Valid 2342.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:Ra6LWYEY1td4hqOejBiJ9w==

f3788738 Location:

Summary Statistics: StDev 0.5000185126972081; Valid 2342.0; Mean 0.5093936806148588; Min. 0.0; Max. 1.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:iMlg8tNKYC1d+KUhnuQ+0A==

f3788738 Location:

Summary Statistics: StDev 0.500065748887857; Max. 1.0; Mean 0.4935952177625959; Valid 2342.0; Min. 0.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:g5fXMV0C0rgut34Um3YjVg==

f3788738 Location:

Summary Statistics: StDev 0.5000476938823547; Min. 0.0; Max. 1.0; Mean 0.5076857386848849; Valid 2342.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:/khjGeI7b4vbhrhTJk/KLg==

f3788738 Location:

Summary Statistics: Valid 2342.0; Min. 0.0; StDev 0.2857650389851936; Mean 0.08966695132365497; Max. 1.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:nN6jIzpnHC1pzRa3cl6lLQ==

f3788738 Location:

Summary Statistics: Mean 0.08112724167378312; Min. 0.0; Valid 2342.0; Max. 1.0; StDev 0.27308873250858945

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:2f6mTz2HfO/E4C8hRr5vnw==

f3788738 Location:

Summary Statistics: Min. 0.0; Mean 0.08368915456874446; Valid 2342.0; Max. 1.0; StDev 0.2769802113230426;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:5uShIaYR+rWKI4BbW411iw==

f3788738 Location:

Summary Statistics: StDev 0.26230713916137977; Mean 0.07429547395388575; Max. 1.0; Min. 0.0; Valid 2342.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:l4oNHhAZ8bI+Ssbcp9xd+g==

f3788738 Location:

Summary Statistics: Max. 1.0; Valid 2342.0; StDev 0.2724324052950865; Mean 0.08070025619128965; Min. 0.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:fqQl6bf8e5f/AyUxwtDV4w==

f3788738 Location:

Summary Statistics: Max. 1.0; Min. 0.0; Valid 2342.0; StDev 0.2730887325085886; Mean 0.0811272416737832;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:FJx/1HKVgGbERdhH5Rmd+w==

f3788738 Location:

Summary Statistics: StDev 0.2795313866328498; Min. 0.0; Max. 1.0; Valid 2342.0; Mean 0.08539709649871911

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:fu5MvMFUo3rpaknj7nrfFg==

f3788738 Location:

Summary Statistics: StDev 0.2801639230924548; Valid 2342.0; Mean 0.08582408198121241; Max. 1.0; Min. 0.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:QGXJRIg+RnkQ6dKGC50yOw==

f3788738 Location:

Summary Statistics: Mean 0.08070025619128952; Min. 0.0; Max. 1.0; Valid 2342.0; StDev 0.2724324052950877

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:oq3SbdhFprGR78DjT7WpqQ==

f3788738 Location:

Summary Statistics: Min. 0.0; Max. 1.0; StDev 0.28267346297733126; Valid 2342.0; Mean 0.0875320239111869

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:ChPacwO2VFbX9UmQyUhARg==

f3788738 Location:

Summary Statistics: Min. 0.0; StDev 0.292396600379542; Valid 2342.0; Max. 1.0; Mean 0.09436379163108446

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:XDJsmEJ8piPTg/dRc5cQIA==

f3788738 Location:

Summary Statistics: Max. 1.0; Mean 0.0755764304013665; Min. 0.0; StDev 0.2643756371081701; Valid 2342.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:hUvFrdCUiQ+vAcxGyQRrQQ==

f3788738 Location:

Summary Statistics: Min. 1.0; Valid 2338.0; Mean 4.513259195893927; Max. 7.0; StDev 1.6332668283851122;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:Hp5sdPNYcm2shM6afam8PA==

f3788738 Location:

Summary Statistics: StDev 0.5000759615316208; Valid 2342.0; Max. 1.0; Mean 0.5055508112724163; Min. 0.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:ZM4IwRGVfYSm6drVUphTCQ==

f3788738 Location:

Summary Statistics: Valid 2336.0; Min. 0.0; Mean 0.7696917808219178; StDev 0.4211202446102933; Max. 1.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:bSvJCtC9xZZMu3Ja2ABdtw==

f3788738 Location:

Summary Statistics: StDev 0.46481283745618424; Valid 2336.0; Min. 0.0; Mean 0.6845034246575343; Max. 1.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:ZMRs37gP4q6zOJMuV6Gezw==

f3788738 Location:

Summary Statistics: Mean 0.7056054771074031; Valid 2337.0; StDev 0.4558676471859077; Max. 1.0; Min. 0.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:TISEpp/9jnamjnZsHguMhw==

f3788738 Location:

Summary Statistics: Valid 2331.0; StDev 0.9425451690436594; Max. 3.0; Min. 0.0; Mean 2.1591591591591586;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:028VBCxhtzgw5MlN9MtkLA==

f3788738 Location:

Summary Statistics: Valid 2325.0; Min. -10.0; StDev 5.601253194379568; Max. 10.0; Mean -3.745376344086021;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:UOJzt8KGalBuS+mcf2TcJg==

f3788738 Location:

Summary Statistics: Max. 1.0; Min. 0.0; Mean 0.2237580993520517; StDev 0.41685185978461936; Valid 2315.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:ngjFvWBMTFDI+K/3DlfAtw==

f3788738 Location:

Summary Statistics: Valid 2315.0; Mean 0.043628509719222504; Min. 0.0; StDev 0.20431126849288675; Max. 1.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:o8eVWAMqU3AL2QL3/TNsaA==

f3788738 Location:

Summary Statistics: Mean 0.024622030237580996; Valid 2315.0; StDev 0.1550037558811888; Min. 0.0; Max. 1.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:B7zqIpvEj0+9fKKz0WAaag==

Label:

Appendix Replication Code.R

type/x-r-syntax

Label:

Main Text Replication Code.R

type/x-r-syntax

Label:

mTurk Codebook.pdf

application/pdf

Label:

readme.rtf

text/rtf

Label:

TESS Codebook.pdf

application/pdf