Replication Data for: "When Is Changing Policy Positions Costly for Politicians? Experimental Evidence" (doi:10.7910/DVN/MCMKKT)

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Part 1: Document Description
Part 2: Study Description
Part 3: Data Files Description
Part 4: Variable Description
Part 5: Other Study-Related Materials
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Document Description

Citation

Title:

Replication Data for: "When Is Changing Policy Positions Costly for Politicians? Experimental Evidence"

Identification Number:

doi:10.7910/DVN/MCMKKT

Distributor:

Harvard Dataverse

Date of Distribution:

2015-09-22

Version:

1

Bibliographic Citation:

Doherty, David, 2015, "Replication Data for: "When Is Changing Policy Positions Costly for Politicians? Experimental Evidence"", https://doi.org/10.7910/DVN/MCMKKT, Harvard Dataverse, V1, UNF:6:4pupZikTHIeuMue7QY479A== [fileUNF]

Study Description

Citation

Title:

Replication Data for: "When Is Changing Policy Positions Costly for Politicians? Experimental Evidence"

Identification Number:

doi:10.7910/DVN/MCMKKT

Authoring Entity:

Doherty, David (Loyola University Chicago)

Distributor:

Harvard Dataverse

Access Authority:

Doherty, David

Depositor:

Doherty, David

Date of Deposit:

2015-09-22

Holdings Information:

https://doi.org/10.7910/DVN/MCMKKT

Study Scope

Keywords:

Social Sciences

Abstract:

Although changing policy positions is often thought of as costly for politicians, this may not always be the case. We present findings from two survey experiments designed to assess how people respond to politicians who change positions on an issue. We examine the direct effects of position changes on both summary evaluations of a candidate and ratings of a candidate’s character. We find that the effect of changing positions varies across issues and that the passage of time attenuates the negative effects of a change of position. We also find that although individual voters prefer a candidate who moves closer to their own preferred policy position to one who sticks to a disliked policy position, in the aggregate changing policy positions may be costly unless the prospective new position is supported by a supermajority of the public.

Methodology and Processing

Sources Statement

Data Access

Notes:

<a href="http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0">CC0 1.0</a>

Other Study Description Materials

File Description--f2710806

File: study1.tab

  • Number of cases: 1031

  • No. of variables per record: 38

  • Type of File: text/tab-separated-values

Notes:

UNF:6:/Eggl5OI4Fgcv5+ORSWfyA==

Data from Experiment 1

File Description--f2710810

File: study2.tab

  • Number of cases: 1505

  • No. of variables per record: 69

  • Type of File: text/tab-separated-values

Notes:

UNF:6:i0t4YMnO1Cp1hQ7OeiTvNA==

Data from Experiment 2

Variable Description

List of Variables:

Variables

When it comes to abortion, would you describe yourself as pro-choice or pro-life

f2710806 Location:

Summary Statistics: Mean 0.7428003972194639; Valid 1007.0; StDev 0.4373075298072135; Min. 0.0; Max. 1.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:d9uw9DJmNF3co1jmNz2lUw==

Thinking about the Social Security system that mainly provides retirement income

f2710806 Location:

Summary Statistics: Min. 1.0; Max. 4.0; Valid 1007.0; StDev 0.9773394399938098; Mean 2.227408142999007

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:J6+7a/0zTRdiZyI01yn/wg==

Build more nuclear power plants:As a way of decreasing America's reliance on imp

f2710806 Location:

Summary Statistics: Mean 2.6164658634538154; Valid 996.0; StDev 0.9931878322806295; Max. 4.0; Min. 1.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:JOPMW1BRxRl5QjXtAelzKw==

What is the year of your birth?

f2710806 Location:

Summary Statistics: Mean 1981.0836653386455; Valid 1004.0; Min. 1941.0; Max. 1995.0; StDev 11.085140103679302;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:hs9l5VNq/Ku/4/UCdEwYwQ==

What is the highest level of education you have achieved?

f2710806 Location:

Summary Statistics: Valid 1002.0; Mean 3.8842315369261478; Min. 1.0; Max. 6.0; StDev 1.2413822249633604;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:1uru3OAz/n78+74IbQhTDw==

What was your total FAMILY income in 2010?

f2710806 Location:

Summary Statistics: Min. 1.0; Valid 1008.0; Max. 15.0; StDev 3.6406492353525413; Mean 7.363095238095236

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:6GVqEQWcOsA/NDGjJdD7Qg==

White:What racial or ethnic group or groups best describes you?

f2710806 Location:

Summary Statistics: Mean 1.0; Max. 1.0; Valid 757.0; Min. 1.0; StDev 0.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:ToFh2j3g0psyBBywLwQqZw==

Black:What racial or ethnic group or groups best describes you?

f2710806 Location:

Summary Statistics: Max. 2.0; StDev 0.0; Mean 2.0; Min. 2.0; Valid 91.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:Ef+OzwULAyG/vEocKXP+eg==

Hispanic:What racial or ethnic group or groups best describes you?

f2710806 Location:

Summary Statistics: StDev 0.0; Valid 67.0; Max. 3.0; Min. 3.0; Mean 3.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:0+fJ+IvuMDDXFH6g62Oqlw==

Asian:What racial or ethnic group or groups best describes you?

f2710806 Location:

Summary Statistics: Valid 102.0; StDev 0.0; Min. 4.0; Max. 4.0; Mean 4.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:irWay0OGWnmXFWAZo9sTEw==

Native American:What racial or ethnic group or groups best describes you?

f2710806 Location:

Summary Statistics: Mean 5.0; Max. 5.0; Valid 12.0; StDev 0.0; Min. 5.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:FX1mJajDiwCtCv93c7qYQA==

Mixed:What racial or ethnic group or groups best describes you?

f2710806 Location:

Summary Statistics: Max. 6.0; StDev 0.0; Valid 17.0; Min. 6.0; Mean 6.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:gJ36eyqfbRR6XLX8Hw1dLQ==

Other:What racial or ethnic group or groups best describes you?

f2710806 Location:

Summary Statistics: Valid 8.0; Mean 7.0; StDev 0.0; Max. 7.0; Min. 7.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:o3y2RHC4jD0HZDiSIEgkMg==

What is your gender?

f2710806 Location:

Summary Statistics: Mean 0.422731804586241; StDev 0.4942399908125579; Valid 1003.0; Min. 0.0; Max. 1.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:/HXuHfWn44hoM8AOKcduQw==

Which state do you live in?

f2710806 Location:

Variable Format: character

Notes: UNF:6:KVOd9dOwW1TGxhrQRv6X7A==

flipflop

f2710806 Location:

Variable Format: character

Notes: UNF:6:0lWLOkCMLkE49jf+D6yn+w==

abortion_position

f2710806 Location:

Variable Format: character

Notes: UNF:6:3xl5j7HVoPM6EVqFD+dADw==

nuclear_position

f2710806 Location:

Variable Format: character

Notes: UNF:6:SA7WsvgiXkDIpfIS5Pg14w==

ss_position

f2710806 Location:

Variable Format: character

Notes: UNF:6:44ApG2edmJav7yNxaE0Fpw==

Generally speaking, do you usually think of yourself as a Democrat, a Republican

f2710806 Location:

Summary Statistics: StDev 0.9878471065948464; Min. 1.0; Valid 1005.0; Max. 4.0; Mean 2.0159203980099507

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:/hDJUTg8kwvKMt//DZItUw==

Would you call yourself a strong Democrat or not a very strong Democrat?

f2710806 Location:

Summary Statistics: Valid 438.0; Max. -2.0; StDev 0.4967528805594036; Min. -3.0; Mean -2.4383561643835616

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:pQV3Y8qjKlyTnOz3B7SdCA==

Would you call yourself a strong Republican or not a very strong Republican?

f2710806 Location:

Summary Statistics: Valid 156.0; Max. 3.0; Min. 2.0; Mean 2.3525641025641026; StDev 0.4793071232988253

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:1zFM/fcHBfCqNDMH85/JIw==

Do you think of yourself as closer to the Democratic party, closer to the Republ

f2710806 Location:

Summary Statistics: Mean -0.2860635696821515; Min. -1.0; Max. 1.0; Valid 409.0; StDev 0.7533106055924152;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:l6S2spPJXyIMCVYMbHh9+A==

We hear a lot of talk these days about liberals and conservatives. Below is a se

f2710806 Location:

Summary Statistics: StDev 1.5621181853071247; Min. 1.0; Max. 7.0; Mean 3.3286852589641436; Valid 1004.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:15Vg8U9glols1yuOz+ZSHw==

How interested are you in politics and current events?

f2710806 Location:

Summary Statistics: Min. 1.0; Mean 1.8457661290322582; Valid 992.0; Max. 3.0; StDev 0.5903719754241618

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:1BYla3rZyxGCsTCKtI2LMg==

If you lived in Representative Jones' district, how likely do you think you woul

f2710806 Location:

Summary Statistics: StDev 1.8934947543139928; Mean 3.45959595959596; Max. 7.0; Valid 990.0; Min. 1.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:+/nO1Z0FVl0OlVkvQfIGgA==

Based on what you know about Representative Jones, how would you rate the job he

f2710806 Location:

Summary Statistics: Valid 987.0; Max. 7.0; StDev 1.477150002045585; Min. 1.0; Mean 4.093211752786221;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:gREZf80yOMJ9vuV5MxuAmA==

How do you feel about Representative Jones as a person?

f2710806 Location:

Summary Statistics: Mean 3.9698492462311554; StDev 1.5894190748066033; Max. 7.0; Valid 995.0; Min. 1.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:/aiR1HBvCJauPphAa+SczQ==

Abortion:How likely do you think it is that Mark Jones will change his positions

f2710806 Location:

Summary Statistics: Valid 989.0; Max. 6.0; Mean 2.9150657229524777; StDev 1.3709188682219682; Min. 1.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:/spccrAt+4f9VhHYlKjZcQ==

Nuclear power:How likely do you think it is that Mark Jones will change his posi

f2710806 Location:

Summary Statistics: Mean 2.998992950654582; Valid 993.0; Max. 6.0; StDev 1.1934798473873074; Min. 1.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:aTlAy0J34FGBqr46WSW3pA==

Taxes:How likely do you think it is that Mark Jones will change his positions on

f2710806 Location:

Summary Statistics: Max. 6.0; Valid 988.0; Min. 1.0; StDev 1.1783392905560996; Mean 3.32995951417004;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:vKIW1S+/H3f5YgYRDDupJQ==

Social Security:How likely do you think it is that Mark Jones will change his po

f2710806 Location:

Summary Statistics: StDev 1.276312364281544; Max. 6.0; Valid 990.0; Mean 3.0545454545454547; Min. 1.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:F1u/HHA1PDC91HY+qYy0cA==

Medicare:How likely do you think it is that Mark Jones will change his positions

f2710806 Location:

Summary Statistics: Max. 6.0; Mean 3.2515151515151515; Valid 990.0; Min. 1.0; StDev 1.1528189950120498

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:SyDsykDwxiCnnu0uXSIjAg==

Foreign Policy:How likely do you think it is that Mark Jones will change his pos

f2710806 Location:

Summary Statistics: Mean 3.270516717325227; StDev 1.0980214718350043; Min. 1.0; Max. 6.0; Valid 987.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:eZ0d7ImZ0wiB+uY+GpqiFA==

Environmental Policy:How likely do you think it is that Mark Jones will change h

f2710806 Location:

Summary Statistics: StDev 1.1513762900183; Min. 1.0; Mean 3.1991911021233563; Valid 989.0; Max. 6.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:2D4VNBdx373nFhsFBtLRcg==

Immigration:How likely do you think it is that Mark Jones will change his positi

f2710806 Location:

Summary Statistics: Min. 1.0; Max. 6.0; Mean 3.1977687626774856; StDev 1.0984230003016902; Valid 986.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:qXp6u8quolZDNaDCseKzIw==

Do you think Mark Jones is honest and trustworthy enough to be a representative?

f2710806 Location:

Summary Statistics: Valid 985.0; Mean 0.5969543147208121; Max. 1.0; StDev 0.4907589763934379; Min. 0.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:9brjQdVHl/scB9PdQy+0bg==

Representatives must often make difficult policy decisions. Do you think Mark Jo

f2710806 Location:

Summary Statistics: Mean 0.5565656565656565; Min. 0.0; Valid 990.0; StDev 0.4970411168327742; Max. 1.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:f8qCqTo7Mifd/SxJZ7uM7A==

Abortion:Regardless of what you think should or should not be done in each of th

f2710810 Location:

Summary Statistics: StDev 0.9911193564522652; Min. 0.0; Valid 1469.0; Mean 1.7106875425459502; Max. 3.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:0zljcXW9mUuQO4fQl3qL3A==

Social Security:Regardless of what you think should or should not be done in eac

f2710810 Location:

Summary Statistics: Max. 3.0; Valid 1466.0; StDev 0.7875344765800201; Min. 0.0; Mean 2.2046384720327428

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:oj7+A9vNxZxDxyXXLFvjYQ==

Dealing with the Islamic State in Iraq and Syria (the group commonly referred to

f2710810 Location:

Summary Statistics: Max. 3.0; StDev 0.8883397950268375; Min. 0.0; Valid 1473.0; Mean 1.9694501018329935

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:QPAb1mVuXkNpF/qNFdvkoA==

Construction of new nuclear power plants:Regardless of what you think should or

f2710810 Location:

Summary Statistics: Valid 1471.0; Mean 1.549286199864038; StDev 0.8837831291637464; Max. 3.0; Min. 0.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:Z5XvGFC/8StOelqGzLj8Cg==

Medicaid:Regardless of what you think should or should not be done in each of th

f2710810 Location:

Summary Statistics: Min. 0.0; Valid 1466.0; Max. 3.0; StDev 0.8501169370297103; Mean 2.012960436562073

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:YUKbTiTXEXaf9dMA7JYhKQ==

Environmental Policy:Regardless of what you think should or should not be done i

f2710810 Location:

Summary Statistics: Valid 1465.0; StDev 0.8719050365343161; Min. 0.0; Max. 3.0; Mean 2.1078498293515353

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:e6y/ReXLrRMSDNSV4LYGCw==

Same-sex marriage:Regardless of what you think should or should not be done in e

f2710810 Location:

Summary Statistics: StDev 1.0689857203213409; Max. 3.0; Valid 1472.0; Mean 1.6304347826086958; Min. 0.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:XTMMe84oGjMoYQx5/tqGqA==

Spending on national defense:Regardless of what you think should or should not b

f2710810 Location:

Summary Statistics: Min. 0.0; Mean 1.8906992532247118; Max. 3.0; StDev 0.8618588432011706; Valid 1473.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:GrOxOtf/v6vBxbvxiCAU2w==

ss_pos

f2710810 Location:

Variable Format: character

Notes: UNF:6:FtiTrIAnGo+SWlIA63N2QA==

nuke_pos

f2710810 Location:

Variable Format: character

Notes: UNF:6:yIz03Mwg+6AB44HxHZxGCQ==

abort_pos

f2710810 Location:

Variable Format: character

Notes: UNF:6:FGMO3/lpqcTWtC/TZrwP2g==

isis_pos

f2710810 Location:

Variable Format: character

Notes: UNF:6:F/MDoypg8JJfTvxbY4mDCQ==

fflop_pt1

f2710810 Location:

Variable Format: character

Notes: UNF:6:egeHNQWBKYS6WW44XQCKCw==

fflop_pt2

f2710810 Location:

Variable Format: character

Notes: UNF:6:Zr4QsbkQDoYyLlNmL6+a7Q==

fflop_pt3

f2710810 Location:

Variable Format: character

Notes: UNF:6:4JCmrKDgS1CEJh9lKJ6Jeg==

fflop_pt4

f2710810 Location:

Variable Format: character

Notes: UNF:6:MZj/WEX1XhIqWy5SYi3jDg==

fflop_iss_1

f2710810 Location:

Variable Format: character

Notes: UNF:6:AOca3j5DHxOXR/wDuFQSSA==

fflop_iss_2

f2710810 Location:

Variable Format: character

Notes: UNF:6:K9QHpY1Jz7KBoHMe5olsfA==

fflop_pos_wctrl

f2710810 Location:

Variable Format: character

Notes: UNF:6:lqWVmqcXKRMH9sdQ7nxw/A==

fflop_iss_wctrl

f2710810 Location:

Variable Format: character

Notes: UNF:6:U/1m7pRICCLxZozFkeOtWg==

fflop_old_pos

f2710810 Location:

Variable Format: character

Notes: UNF:6:jjyg5cz22or16WlC4zo4pA==

fflop_new_pos

f2710810 Location:

Variable Format: character

Notes: UNF:6:V4+UYydKTPORcS5UZPJohw==

Laws that ensure that women have access to abortion under any circumstances:Do y

f2710810 Location:

Summary Statistics: Mean 0.6475409836065569; StDev 1.4132782935033974; Max. 2.0; Valid 1464.0; Min. -2.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:Lcnvqz0FQj+Cl9O0feQSZw==

Increasing the age at which people born after 1960 are eligible for full Social

f2710810 Location:

Summary Statistics: StDev 1.2734281424083054; Min. -2.0; Mean -0.3735514655760045; Max. 2.0; Valid 1467.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:xzIf5F6eVAw9+A9TPrp2Ag==

Sending American ground troops into Iraq and Syria to fight Islamic State (ISIS)

f2710810 Location:

Summary Statistics: Mean -0.37293956043955984; Valid 1456.0; Max. 2.0; StDev 1.2236202886424892; Min. -2.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:eifrLVuxDntYF/IL3EkWFQ==

Issuing more federal permits to allow for the construction of new nuclear power

f2710810 Location:

Summary Statistics: Max. 2.0; Mean -0.007508532423207918; Valid 1465.0; Min. -2.0; StDev 1.1749076833119947;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:csX/H9elQXOQ+X9V3VI8zQ==

Making low-income adults without children eligible for Medicaid coverage:Do you

f2710810 Location:

Summary Statistics: StDev 1.1202345704489827; Mean 0.8232081911262796; Max. 2.0; Valid 1465.0; Min. -2.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:aRvNHn3sEYB6nvd3o3eYrw==

Increasing fuel efficiency standards for new cars to an average of 60 miles per

f2710810 Location:

Summary Statistics: Max. 2.0; StDev 1.0446017021063558; Min. -2.0; Valid 1462.0; Mean 1.1162790697674416

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:18gb846+jQ7CmJlXVs6CPg==

Legalizing same-sex marriage in all states:Do you support or oppose���

f2710810 Location:

Summary Statistics: Mean 0.9608247422680409; Valid 1455.0; Max. 2.0; StDev 1.4041515891169367; Min. -2.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:hzjqhPEdHiseLrDX8BPRqg==

Reducing spending on national defense:Do you support or oppose���

f2710810 Location:

Summary Statistics: Valid 1459.0; Max. 2.0; StDev 1.2790244485239608; Mean 0.4503084304318023; Min. -2.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:W1V5/e6KJuLO9xzfS6Dptg==

Dealing with the Islamic State in Iraq and Syria (the group commonly referred to

f2710810 Location:

Summary Statistics: Valid 1464.0; StDev 0.9469639560725184; Min. 0.0; Max. 3.0; Mean 1.173497267759563

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:A0RrxiCElCPZ4/Y6WJheZA==

Same-sex marriage:How confident are you that you have the knowledge and expertis

f2710810 Location:

Summary Statistics: Max. 3.0; Min. 0.0; StDev 0.9180493065886585; Valid 1457.0; Mean 2.1674673987645843

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:tAYd8qLP1wt9wXjHF7l8Eg==

Construction of new nuclear power plants:How confident are you that you have the

f2710810 Location:

Summary Statistics: StDev 0.9686018318539268; Valid 1460.0; Max. 3.0; Min. 0.0; Mean 1.0650684931506853;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:X8y+cnMSyqqFRLvjBDDTUg==

Abortion:How confident are you that you have the knowledge and expertise to eval

f2710810 Location:

Summary Statistics: StDev 0.9238836743698974; Min. 0.0; Mean 2.06456043956044; Valid 1456.0; Max. 3.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:qp7CdR75weGdr7TnM/2Uig==

Medicaid:How confident are you that you have the knowledge and expertise to eval

f2710810 Location:

Summary Statistics: Valid 1467.0; Min. 0.0; Mean 1.507157464212679; StDev 0.9892584233948604; Max. 3.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:vYHCD9g59y94tqMaVFoXuA==

Social Security:How confident are you that you have the knowledge and expertise

f2710810 Location:

Summary Statistics: Valid 1463.0; Mean 1.5365686944634311; Min. 0.0; StDev 0.9756942089411468; Max. 3.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:yJKL6//qRmXPr2vMG9yHuA==

Environmental Policy:How confident are you that you have the knowledge and exper

f2710810 Location:

Summary Statistics: Valid 1463.0; Min. 0.0; Mean 1.6992481203007523; Max. 3.0; StDev 0.9854166357019496

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:2QmcoEc0lI4KNLni/mC7wQ==

Spending on national defense:How confident are you that you have the knowledge a

f2710810 Location:

Summary Statistics: Mean 1.440191387559809; Valid 1463.0; Min. 0.0; Max. 3.0; StDev 0.9912464849817669

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:bdSRhSDSNEn3q8eVlKJCdA==

What is the year of your birth?

f2710810 Location:

Summary Statistics: Valid 1452.0; Mean 1980.2589531680442; Max. 1996.0; StDev 11.907831012706096; Min. 1932.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:FIBep4fyY/dsQVTp93BcDw==

What is the highest level of education you have achieved?

f2710810 Location:

Summary Statistics: Min. 1.0; Max. 6.0; Valid 1458.0; Mean 4.053497942386832; StDev 1.2639956800829042

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:vkC2try1kQraldTtSHQT/A==

What was your total FAMILY income in 2013?

f2710810 Location:

Summary Statistics: Mean 7.317590691307329; StDev 3.689362524216257; Min. 1.0; Valid 1461.0; Max. 15.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:C5mH2fx4NXQ9824SAcBDgw==

White:What racial or ethnic group or groups best describes you?

f2710810 Location:

Summary Statistics: StDev 0.0; Mean 1.0; Max. 1.0; Min. 1.0; Valid 1126.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:viNyRYcfPqkIJgb2vBuoNQ==

Black:What racial or ethnic group or groups best describes you?

f2710810 Location:

Summary Statistics: StDev 0.0; Mean 2.0; Max. 2.0; Min. 2.0; Valid 139.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:n82NR5nWfCSOLieydVlz7Q==

Hispanic:What racial or ethnic group or groups best describes you?

f2710810 Location:

Summary Statistics: Valid 71.0; Max. 3.0; Mean 3.0; StDev 0.0; Min. 3.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:18mEVDv5cWOOrLRZB1bBOg==

Asian:What racial or ethnic group or groups best describes you?

f2710810 Location:

Summary Statistics: Max. 4.0; StDev 0.0; Mean 4.0; Min. 4.0; Valid 131.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:3huZ2GTmEVcRW0SgfCmajw==

Native American:What racial or ethnic group or groups best describes you?

f2710810 Location:

Summary Statistics: Mean 5.0; Min. 5.0; StDev 0.0; Max. 5.0; Valid 22.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:eEnWSxjhAU7cA/J9697L0g==

Mixed:What racial or ethnic group or groups best describes you?

f2710810 Location:

Summary Statistics: Max. 6.0; Valid 33.0; Mean 6.0; StDev 0.0; Min. 6.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:UhWuqyn5pP6TrDuBt7Wnow==

Other:What racial or ethnic group or groups best describes you?

f2710810 Location:

Summary Statistics: Max. 7.0; StDev 0.0; Valid 9.0; Min. 7.0; Mean 7.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:aveL47Jp9Aldy6Fl0XA2Kg==

What is your gender?

f2710810 Location:

Summary Statistics: StDev 0.49974692435950563; Mean 0.479395604395604; Max. 1.0; Valid 1456.0; Min. 0.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:sHC5OQUVxAEd3WcM+y3bMA==

Which state do you live in?

f2710810 Location:

Variable Format: character

Notes: UNF:6:GwtADcVI5iBT5ULgO0veAQ==

Generally speaking, do you usually think of yourself as a Democrat, a Republican

f2710810 Location:

Summary Statistics: StDev 0.996640489630803; Max. 4.0; Min. 1.0; Mean 2.0629705681040384; Valid 1461.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:/m2mp/aWX8bvkHfpwCck8w==

Would you call yourself a strong Democrat or not a very strong Democrat?

f2710810 Location:

Summary Statistics: Max. -2.0; Mean -2.5033003300330035; Min. -3.0; Valid 606.0; StDev 0.5004021512329528;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:CYKMV9ujcrxbLne2H2fY3g==

Would you call yourself a strong Republican or not a very strong Republican?

f2710810 Location:

Summary Statistics: StDev 0.4954066295615847; Mean 2.4247787610619467; Max. 3.0; Min. 2.0; Valid 226.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:SgCuOWaBFTK8DUCY51ieLQ==

Do you think of yourself as closer to the Democratic party, closer to the Republ

f2710810 Location:

Summary Statistics: Valid 625.0; Mean -0.2624000000000003; Min. -1.0; Max. 1.0; StDev 0.7520979205205142;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:LhBvv7Cx7EWpVt0DiDSMzw==

We hear a lot of talk these days about liberals and conservatives. Below is a se

f2710810 Location:

Summary Statistics: Valid 1460.0; Max. 7.0; Min. 1.0; Mean 3.298630136986301; StDev 1.6061476438317162;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6://pcDPEM8wblOm1cq3M2vA==

How interested are you in politics and current events?

f2710810 Location:

Summary Statistics: StDev 0.6099077823325865; Min. 1.0; Max. 3.0; Valid 1459.0; Mean 1.8012337217272103;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:iGuDlREiplQHcctoy2t7Wg==

If you lived in Representative Jones' district, how likely do you think you woul

f2710810 Location:

Summary Statistics: Valid 1448.0; Mean 3.424723756906079; StDev 1.9435351502091862; Min. 1.0; Max. 7.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:dRdkfv7H9UlTl/aFdOEcCQ==

Based on what you know about Representative Jones, how would you rate the job he

f2710810 Location:

Summary Statistics: Valid 1450.0; StDev 1.5967149351218979; Min. 1.0; Mean 3.9489655172413793; Max. 7.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:3PSt6CBZgPe20wnjiR0Urw==

How do you feel about Representative Jones as a person?

f2710810 Location:

Summary Statistics: StDev 1.6326774299289388; Mean 3.874569262577533; Max. 7.0; Min. 1.0; Valid 1451.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:N3N1Xr0K5Rn9Tov4VgwSLg==

Abortion:How likely do you think it is that Representative Jones will change his

f2710810 Location:

Summary Statistics: Valid 1447.0; StDev 1.2879830449704286; Max. 6.0; Min. 1.0; Mean 2.569454042847271

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:MrZryVni+OhQr6NfERCLlA==

Social Security:How likely do you think it is that Representative Jones will cha

f2710810 Location:

Summary Statistics: Min. 1.0; Valid 1441.0; Mean 3.0062456627342122; StDev 1.2546977804090738; Max. 6.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:zqeQfqyKxR0Paa9WyovYuA==

Dealing with the Islamic State in Iraq and Syria (the group commonly referred to

f2710810 Location:

Summary Statistics: StDev 1.2904880362601492; Max. 6.0; Valid 1444.0; Mean 3.058171745152355; Min. 1.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:s7h35XbpTT5y9ENyxSno3Q==

Construction of new nuclear power plants:How likely do you think it is that Repr

f2710810 Location:

Summary Statistics: Valid 1446.0; Mean 2.9903181189488244; Min. 1.0; Max. 6.0; StDev 1.223717308441545

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:SmTAMpzDaYEakOD+XxZ3rg==

Medicaid:How likely do you think it is that Representative Jones will change his

f2710810 Location:

Summary Statistics: Min. 1.0; Max. 6.0; Mean 2.9757617728531858; StDev 1.146313402100398; Valid 1444.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:ueREdIzjDT/aVaYNaLsGAA==

Environmental Policy:How likely do you think it is that Representative Jones wil

f2710810 Location:

Summary Statistics: Max. 6.0; Min. 1.0; Valid 1441.0; StDev 1.1793603257737175; Mean 3.009021512838307;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:AMEq6vnQUcTXsg4j0Unwtg==

Same-sex marriage:How likely do you think it is that Representative Jones will c

f2710810 Location:

Summary Statistics: Mean 2.74913374913375; Min. 1.0; StDev 1.1915055387247198; Max. 6.0; Valid 1443.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:4VD+GoG8BzuCULjaXvMZHw==

Spending on national defense:How likely do you think it is that Representative J

f2710810 Location:

Summary Statistics: StDev 1.1952157425582646; Min. 1.0; Valid 1443.0; Mean 2.9944559944559948; Max. 6.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:+0itAgp6sr664Xq+WIpn5g==

Do you think Representative Jones is honest and trustworthy enough to be a repre

f2710810 Location:

Summary Statistics: Mean 0.5742024965325936; Min. 0.0; StDev 0.49463487460437094; Valid 1442.0; Max. 1.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:6cwXqbGLbLfs72UUJ8a0wA==

Representatives in the U.S. House must often make difficult policy decisions. Do

f2710810 Location:

Summary Statistics: Valid 1449.0; Max. 1.0; StDev 0.5000981720002011; Min. 0.0; Mean 0.5086266390614216;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:sWFxfXgePYn5AXGRr41a6Q==

Other Study-Related Materials

Label:

changing_positions_replication.do

Text:

Stata DO file to replicate analysis presented in the paper.

Notes:

application/x-stata-syntax

Other Study-Related Materials

Label:

prep_data_files.do

Text:

Stata DO file used to strip raw data of unused and identifying information.

Notes:

application/x-stata-syntax

Other Study-Related Materials

Label:

readme.txt

Text:

Description of files included in this replication archive.

Notes:

text/plain