Replication Data for: Social Presence as Best Practice: The Online Classroom Needs to Feel Real (doi:10.7910/DVN/OGTHTO)

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Part 1: Document Description
Part 2: Study Description
Part 3: Data Files Description
Part 4: Variable Description
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Document Description

Citation

Title:

Replication Data for: Social Presence as Best Practice: The Online Classroom Needs to Feel Real

Identification Number:

doi:10.7910/DVN/OGTHTO

Distributor:

Harvard Dataverse

Date of Distribution:

2020-09-18

Version:

Bibliographic Citation:

Daigle, Delton T; Stuvland, Aaron, 2020, "Replication Data for: Social Presence as Best Practice: The Online Classroom Needs to Feel Real", https://doi.org/10.7910/DVN/OGTHTO, Harvard Dataverse, V1, UNF:6:5mI49dRCYtwJNOIT61wq0A== [fileUNF]

Study Description

Citation

Title:

Replication Data for: Social Presence as Best Practice: The Online Classroom Needs to Feel Real

Identification Number:

doi:10.7910/DVN/OGTHTO

Authoring Entity:

Daigle, Delton T (George Mason University)

Stuvland, Aaron (George Mason University)

Distributor:

Harvard Dataverse

Access Authority:

Daigle, Delton T

Depositor:

Daigle, Delton T

Date of Deposit:

2020-09-18

Holdings Information:

https://doi.org/10.7910/DVN/OGTHTO

Study Scope

Keywords:

Social Sciences

Abstract:

As universities around the world stopped delivering face to face classes, the nonintentional creation of many online digital learning spaces has led to much speculation on “best practices” for virtual course delivery. Our evidence shows that the highest educational value comes from optimizing the “social presence” of your classroom environment. Using data collected from an undergraduate political science research methods course prior to the COVID-19 pandemic, across 3 semesters at a large public university, we find by maximizing perceptual social presence - or the feeling that a student is actively engaged in a “real” classroom environment, students report greater satisfaction with their education, perform at a higher level, and have greater knowledge gains. Interacted with the course modality, the course performance impact of social presence is amplified for those taking coursework online versus taking it face to face. The limitation of asynchronous delivery adopted as “best practice” by many colleges is the substantial social presence deficit produced, and as a result, we recommend faculty and curriculum developers promote the intentional hybridization of asynchronous content with scheduled synchronous learning opportunities so that faculty and students can “keep it real”.

Methodology and Processing

Sources Statement

Data Access

Notes:

Other Study Description Materials

File Description--f4077807

File: modalities_J2020.tab

Number of cases: 274
No. of variables per record: 40
Type of File: text/tab-separated-values

Notes:

UNF:6:5mI49dRCYtwJNOIT61wq0A==

STATA dataset for Social Presence as Best Practice: The Online Classroom Needs to Feel Real

Variable Description

List of Variables:

uid - UID
semyr - SEMYR
modality - Modality
yob - YOB
rank - RANK
sex - SEX
govmajor - GovMajor
gpa - GPA
bkg - Stats Background
preknowledge - PreKnowledge
postknowledge - PostKnowledge
age
older_student
semester
senior
sem - SEM
course - Course
itethics - ITEthics
ethics - Ethics
spss1 - SPSS1
spss2 - SPSS2
r1 - R1
r2 - R2
paper - Paper
midterm - Midterm
final - Final
participation - Participation
numeric - Numeric
letter - Letter
_merge
dropfail - Student Withdrew, Dropped, or Failed
completed - No. Assignments Completed
knowincrease - Knowledge Increase by End of Course
PreMarsIndex - Math Anxiety Beginning of Course
PostMarsIndex - Math Anxiety End of Course
PostAnxietyChange - Change in Math Anxiety from Beginning to End
satisfaction_index - Satisfied Expectations Met
soc_pres_index - Perception of Social Presence Index
good_student
de_sp

Variables

UID

f4077807 Location:

Summary Statistics: Max. 258.0; Valid 250.0; Min. 1.0; StDev 75.11854096551095; Mean 128.77200000000005

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:xln8pJwu+abEagZgoZCM1w==

SEMYR

f4077807 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency
2.	Fall 2014	98
1.	Summer 2014	39
3.	Spring 2015	112

Summary Statistics: Max. 3.0; Mean 2.2931726907630523; Valid 249.0; Min. 1.0; StDev 0.7228929157477566

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:HLf89XvTcwhI0o47VypXUA==

Modality

f4077807 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency	Text
0.	F2F	159
1.	DE	91

Summary Statistics: Max. 1.0; Valid 250.0; StDev 0.48211381948639526; Min. 0.0; Mean 0.36399999999999977

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:2kBcUbzQEHWSmZWpXlC9Wg==

YOB

f4077807 Location:

Summary Statistics: Min. 1958.0; StDev 5.563635223712519; Max. 1996.0; Valid 234.0; Mean 1990.91452991453;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:OId6Ao+H7qYpVbW30etUwA==

RANK

f4077807 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency
3.	Junior	83
2.	Sophomore	49
1.	Freshman	8
4.	Senior	101

Summary Statistics: Max. 4.0; StDev 0.8578616988356478; Mean 3.149377593360996; Min. 1.0; Valid 241.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:p2yREkrxBaw224VQ6KfOCw==

SEX

f4077807 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency	Text
1.	Female	107
0.	Male	134

Summary Statistics: Mean 0.4439834024896264; Valid 241.0; Max. 1.0; StDev 0.49788626518182616; Min. 0.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:SqnERpuibyG8wrAxqDGSgA==

GovMajor

f4077807 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency	Text
1.	GOVT Student	188
0.	not GOVT Std	53

Summary Statistics: Mean 0.7800829875518673; StDev 0.4150521972206666; Min. 0.0; Max. 1.0; Valid 241.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:urGajdvXH5xytY7LNa6LRA==

GPA

f4077807 Location:

Summary Statistics: StDev 0.4548615150121532; Valid 231.0; Max. 4.0; Mean 3.244848491825583; Min. 2.009999990463257

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:bDu5Wg63JCSVgWDGYX7I9Q==

Stats Background

f4077807 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency	Text
1.	Stats Bkg	110
0.	No stats	131

Summary Statistics: Max. 1.0; Valid 241.0; Min. 0.0; StDev 0.4991347977598004; Mean 0.4564315352697095;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:C2OReM4Taspb8Ebh/6OZmw==

PreKnowledge

f4077807 Location:

Summary Statistics: Min. 0.0; StDev 2.7136826096046702; Valid 241.0; Max. 16.0; Mean 8.560165975103734

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:XucoV7kj6ChOncP8h0Mo8w==

PostKnowledge

f4077807 Location:

Summary Statistics: Max. 20.0; Mean 12.993865030674847; Min. 1.0; Valid 163.0; StDev 3.655702348480134

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:Zh6h42i4jYbpPNdPiaonvw==

age

f4077807 Location:

Summary Statistics: Min. 18.0; Valid 233.0; Mean 23.081545064377686; StDev 5.575288242037051; Max. 56.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:yikCrvUR8eOHU/3rbm1b1A==

older_student

f4077807 Location:

Summary Statistics: Valid 250.0; Mean 0.2760000000000001; Max. 1.0; StDev 0.4479135028374289; Min. 0.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:4qOO+lWrBuA4J3hfDFKWbA==

semester

f4077807 Location:

Summary Statistics: Min. 0.0; StDev 0.7216780979830508; Valid 250.0; Max. 2.0; Mean 1.292

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:FDJ+a8ZiSFDOS38bDNgdLg==

senior

f4077807 Location:

Summary Statistics: StDev 0.4940369666404033; Max. 1.0; Valid 240.0; Min. 0.0; Mean 0.41666666666666613;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:jRViYc2lh2xnOHn+fjYCWg==

SEM

f4077807 Location:

Summary Statistics: Max. 3.0; Valid 248.0; StDev 0.7161338708925653; Min. 1.0; Mean 2.2862903225806455;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:VVToumpm1iy0w6kGi7Qo+Q==

Course

f4077807 Location:

Summary Statistics: Valid 248.0; Min. 0.0; Mean 0.34274193548387094; StDev 0.47558587556393467; Max. 1.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:CruI4SR3GPvY3gBL/LXCqQ==

ITEthics

f4077807 Location:

Summary Statistics: Min. 50.0; Mean 99.68468468468468; StDev 3.6086421707362337; Max. 100.0; Valid 222.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:CG08ybHTe0T/t4yzjzAecw==

Ethics

f4077807 Location:

Summary Statistics: Min. 60.0; Mean 87.24034334763948; Max. 100.0; Valid 233.0; StDev 7.384320753126351;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:YT72wZL0ELSXXO1X8WLs5Q==

SPSS1

f4077807 Location:

Summary Statistics: Valid 218.0; StDev 14.14830236810687; Min. 17.0; Mean 79.61009174311927; Max. 99.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:+6Ry2b528kwlS7IjJBEgGA==

SPSS2

f4077807 Location:

Summary Statistics: Valid 206.0; Mean 86.14320388349515; StDev 11.88594691538297; Max. 100.0; Min. 11.5

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:orQiOgmOpATyb8KyiLq9Rg==

f4077807 Location:

Summary Statistics: Max. 98.0; Mean 84.71171171171171; StDev 7.524785455533464; Valid 222.0; Min. 50.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:X541zukMUDAMBeuwUqLQsg==

f4077807 Location:

Summary Statistics: StDev 13.182838487345062; Valid 208.0; Mean 82.36057692307692; Min. 25.0; Max. 98.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:SPOI9XvwRMAxs06JONtHRw==

Paper

f4077807 Location:

Summary Statistics: Mean 83.45098039215686; Min. 0.0; Max. 98.0; StDev 11.866770636509123; Valid 204.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:BdNCAxcRvxxqZPb6PHOi1w==

Midterm

f4077807 Location:

Summary Statistics: Mean 76.55603448275862; Max. 102.5; Valid 232.0; StDev 18.0232259427686; Min. 0.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:w2eKabuEum2HMP2BM8FGaQ==

Final

f4077807 Location:

Summary Statistics: Valid 213.0; StDev 17.06608936564435; Max. 102.0; Mean 78.92488262910798; Min. 10.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:sa2XWJH/7Vm4TqrN7sxetQ==

Participation

f4077807 Location:

Summary Statistics: Min. 0.0; Valid 234.0; Mean 80.65811965811966; Max. 100.0; StDev 21.417638390293643

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:JCyG1hhdRJOi1DZI78h+LQ==

Numeric

f4077807 Location:

Summary Statistics: Valid 243.0; Min. 0.0; Mean 75.11646089436097; StDev 22.9362120408948; Max. 97.66000366210938;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:hO0TnZ6oTHDiXabtxGQQkw==

Letter

f4077807 Location:

Summary Statistics: Max. 4.0; StDev 1.3177102209678988; Min. 0.0; Valid 244.0; Mean 2.538114757811438

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:nTpeUtEON9eUuHwScsZS4Q==

_merge

f4077807 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency
2.	using only (2)	24
4.	missing updated (4)	0
5.	nonmissing conflict (5)	0
3.	matched (3)	224
1.	master only (1)	26

Summary Statistics: Mean 2.7226277372262775; Max. 3.0; Min. 1.0; Valid 274.0; StDev 0.6258172913544576

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:utD11bJ9yteeOVd78VYrkg==

Student Withdrew, Dropped, or Failed

f4077807 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency	Text
1.	Dropped or failed	70
0.	students passed	204

Summary Statistics: Min. 0.0; StDev 0.4369256075402595; Valid 274.0; Mean 0.2554744525547443; Max. 1.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:pWP5xFbOmuAHItWfp4nIRg==

No. Assignments Completed

f4077807 Location:

Summary Statistics: Valid 274.0; Mean 6.401459854014598; StDev 2.85539103001319; Max. 8.0; Min. 0.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:Nn5T1a80tYyv8Qqkn25J0g==

Knowledge Increase by End of Course

f4077807 Location:

Summary Statistics: Max. 13.0; Mean 4.574193548387097; StDev 3.697925685824444; Valid 155.0; Min. -9.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:qrdDcP5rTpee2MdZzaU7rA==

Math Anxiety Beginning of Course

f4077807 Location:

Summary Statistics: Max. 12.0; Valid 239.0; Mean 3.1255230125523012; StDev 2.2919610237855768; Min. 0.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:14IqykKu1rdKASi2sEjq2w==

Math Anxiety End of Course

f4077807 Location:

Summary Statistics: Min. 0.0; Valid 165.0; Mean 3.175757575757576; StDev 2.426860651912047; Max. 12.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:f+mvR5Hx9QODenetQzYEJA==

Change in Math Anxiety from Beginning to End

f4077807 Location:

Summary Statistics: StDev 2.1484496217333326; Valid 155.0; Mean 0.0322580645161291; Min. -8.0; Max. 11.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:THmNU7CDHGEFFcgMQLCXdQ==

Satisfied Expectations Met

f4077807 Location:

Summary Statistics: Min. 0.0; Max. 6.0; Valid 155.0; StDev 1.5202308382033254; Mean 4.916129032258064

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:S4qdl9J8Li8ltuKTC8JNDQ==

Perception of Social Presence Index

f4077807 Location:

Summary Statistics: Valid 150.0; Max. 6.0; StDev 2.1321969848264275; Min. 0.0; Mean 3.5266666666666664

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:YFXy7v2SCxzj2bkiI9s9Pg==

good_student

f4077807 Location:

Summary Statistics: Mean 0.4525547445255477; StDev 0.4986546430506932; Max. 1.0; Min. 0.0; Valid 274.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:1Z5tR5c2l47BnpEm5+gUEQ==

de_sp

f4077807 Location:

Summary Statistics: Min. 0.0; Mean 0.8066666666666666; StDev 1.5914902334953112; Max. 6.0; Valid 150.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:R+r7pEaEhBrgmb7y6NbR/A==