Replication Data for: Does School Debating Reduce Vulnerability to Misinformation? A Field Experiment in Poland (doi:10.7910/DVN/OUI9LS)

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Part 1: Document Description
Part 2: Study Description
Part 3: Data Files Description
Part 4: Variable Description
Part 5: Other Study-Related Materials
Entire Codebook

Document Description

Citation

Title:

Replication Data for: Does School Debating Reduce Vulnerability to Misinformation? A Field Experiment in Poland

Identification Number:

doi:10.7910/DVN/OUI9LS

Distributor:

Harvard Dataverse

Date of Distribution:

2025-02-25

Version:

Bibliographic Citation:

Krakowski, Krzysztof; Clemm von Hohenberg, Bernhard; Morisi, Davide, 2025, "Replication Data for: Does School Debating Reduce Vulnerability to Misinformation? A Field Experiment in Poland", https://doi.org/10.7910/DVN/OUI9LS, Harvard Dataverse, V1, UNF:6:wszDijH9TS3y7CCrKAwiug== [fileUNF]

Study Description

Citation

Title:

Replication Data for: Does School Debating Reduce Vulnerability to Misinformation? A Field Experiment in Poland

Identification Number:

doi:10.7910/DVN/OUI9LS

Authoring Entity:

Krakowski, Krzysztof (King's College London)

Clemm von Hohenberg, Bernhard (University of the Bundeswehr Munich)

Morisi, Davide (University of Southern Denmark)

Distributor:

Harvard Dataverse

Access Authority:

Krakowski, Krzysztof

Depositor:

Krakowski, Krzysztof

Date of Deposit:

2025-01-02

Holdings Information:

https://doi.org/10.7910/DVN/OUI9LS

Study Scope

Keywords:

Social Sciences, Misinformation, Conspiracy thinking, Fake news, Debating, Critical thinking

Abstract:

The idea that debating enhances political knowledge and critical thinking has been entertained by scholars of democracy for a long time. Given recent concern about a crisis of misinformation, we explore the idea that debating makes people less vulnerable to misinformation and conspiracy thinking. In a field experiment, we recruited high-school students in 18 schools in Poland (n=430) and assigned them to either a debating workshop or a control condition. Before and after the workshop period, we asked students to indicate their belief in a set of news headlines (half of which were true, half false) and also measured their degree of conspiratorial thinking. We find that debating increases, by a small amount, the accuracy of beliefs regarding news headlines, while reducing conspiracy thinking. These findings point to a great potential of school debating, which occurs naturally in many educational contexts and is easily scalable.

Methodology and Processing

Sources Statement

Data Access

Other Study Description Materials

File Description--f10800012

File: misinformation_completion_by_school.tab

Number of cases: 18
No. of variables per record: 4
Type of File: text/tab-separated-values

Notes:

UNF:6:FeVX8JsJuHpN9X2+jP56hw==

File Description--f10800010

File: misinformation_data.tab

Number of cases: 1089
No. of variables per record: 101
Type of File: text/tab-separated-values

Notes:

UNF:6:KAfiIpcAmMsrVgCI33ZCEA==

File Description--f10800007

File: misinformation_mid.tab

Number of cases: 494
No. of variables per record: 74
Type of File: text/tab-separated-values

Notes:

UNF:6:MYdvKPlhTet15082tFmMGA==

Variable Description

List of Variables:

completed - (mean) completed
count - (sum) count
city
schoolen - school
pre_StartDate - StartDate
pre_EndDate - EndDate
pre_Durationinseconds - Duration (in seconds)
pre_ResponseId - ResponseId
pre_TOPIC - TOPIC
gender - Q4
age_orig - Age (original variable)
mother_edu_level - Q10
financial - How would you describe the financial situation of your household?
hh_size_orig - How many people live in your household, including you?
religiosity - How important is religion in your life?
pre_discuss_parent - How often talk to parent(s) about political/social issues? PRE
pre_discuss_friend - How often talk to friends about political/social issues? PRE
pre_Q78 - Q78
pre_need1 - I dislike questions which could be answered in many different ways
pre_need2 - I feel irritated when one person disagrees with what everyone else in a group be
pre_need3 - I do not usually consult many different opinions before forming my own view
pre_conspiracy_item1 - There are secret organizations that have a lot of influence on political decisio
pre_conspiracy_item2 - government agencies are closely monitoring all citizens
pre_conspiracy_item3 - The new 5G antennas are harming the immune system and facilitating the spread of
pre_conspiracy_item4 - The coronavirus vaccine is just an excuse to implant us with a microchip
pre_conspiracy_item5 - The Smolensk air crash was a political assassination orchestrated by political e
pre_Q76_1 - Q76_1
pre_Q76_2 - Q76_2
pre_Q76_3 - Q76_3
pre_Q76_4 - Q76_4
pre_Q76_5 - Q76_5
pre_Q76_6 - Q76_6
pre_Q76_7 - Q76_7
pre_Q76_8 - Q76_8
pre_Q76_9 - Q76_9
pre_Q76_10 - Q76_10
pre_Q76_11 - Q76_11
pre_Q76_12 - Q76_12
pre_Q76_13 - Q76_13
pre_Q76_14 - Q76_14
pre_Q76_15 - Q76_15
pre_Q76_16 - Q76_16
pre_Q76_17 - Q76_17
pre_Q76_18 - Q76_18
pre_Q76_19 - Q76_19
pre_Q76_20 - Q76_20
pre_Q76_21 - Q76_21
pre_Q76_22 - Q76_22
pre_Q76_23 - Q76_23
pre_Q76_24 - Q76_24
StartDate - StartDate
EndDate - EndDate
ResponseId - ResponseId
discuss_parent - How often talk to parent(s) about political/social issues? POST
discuss_friend - How often talk to friends about political/social issues? POST
Q78 - Q78
need1 - I dislike questions which could be answered in many different ways
need2 - I feel irritated when one person disagrees with what everyone else in a group be
need3 - I do not usually consult many different opinions before forming my own view
conspiracy_item1 - There are secret organizations that have a lot of influence on political decisio
conspiracy_item2 - government agencies are closely monitoring all citizens
conspiracy_item3 - The new 5G antennas are harming the immune system and facilitating the spread of
conspiracy_item4 - The coronavirus vaccine is just an excuse to implant us with a microchip
conspiracy_item5 - The Smolensk air crash was a political assassination orchestrated by political e
Q76_1 - Q76_1
Q76_2 - Q76_2
Q76_3 - Q76_3
Q76_4 - Q76_4
Q76_5 - Q76_5
Q76_6 - Q76_6
Q76_7 - Q76_7
Q76_8 - Q76_8
Q76_9 - Q76_9
Q76_10 - Q76_10
Q76_11 - Q76_11
Q76_12 - Q76_12
Q76_13 - Q76_13
Q76_14 - Q76_14
Q76_15 - Q76_15
Q76_16 - Q76_16
Q76_17 - Q76_17
Q76_18 - Q76_18
Q76_19 - Q76_19
Q76_20 - Q76_20
Q76_21 - Q76_21
Q76_22 - Q76_22
Q76_23 - Q76_23
Q76_24 - Q76_24
panel_W1W3 - Matching result from merge
completed - RECODE of _merge (Matching result from merge)
debate - Self-reported participation in debate / not debate
treat_all - Experimental conditions - separate conditions
treat_bin - Experimental conditions combined
noncomplier
instructor - Q88_39_TEXT
schoolen - school
age - Age in years
hh_size - How many people live in your household, including you?
preferred_party - Which political party (or coalition group) do you like the most?
pre_trust_tv - To what extent do you trust information from television in Poland?
pre_trust_paper - To what extent do you trust information from newspapers in Poland?
pre_trust_social - To what extent do you trust information from social media in Poland?
trust_tv - To what extent do you trust information from television in Poland?
trust_paper - To what extent do you trust information from newspapers in Poland?
trust_social - To what extent do you trust information from social media in Poland?
pre_StartDate - StartDate
pre_EndDate - EndDate
pre_ResponseId - ResponseId
pre_conspiracy_item1 - There are secret organizations that have a lot of influence on political decisio
pre_conspiracy_item2 - government agencies are closely monitoring all citizens
pre_conspiracy_item3 - The new 5G antennas are harming the immune system and facilitating the spread of
pre_conspiracy_item4 - The coronavirus vaccine is just an excuse to implant us with a microchip
pre_conspiracy_item5 - The Smolensk air crash was a political assassination orchestrated by political e
pre_Q76_1 - Q76_1
pre_Q76_2 - Q76_2
pre_Q76_3 - Q76_3
pre_Q76_4 - Q76_4
pre_Q76_5 - Q76_5
pre_Q76_6 - Q76_6
pre_Q76_7 - Q76_7
pre_Q76_8 - Q76_8
pre_Q76_9 - Q76_9
pre_Q76_10 - Q76_10
pre_Q76_11 - Q76_11
pre_Q76_12 - Q76_12
pre_Q76_13 - Q76_13
pre_Q76_14 - Q76_14
pre_Q76_15 - Q76_15
pre_Q76_16 - Q76_16
pre_Q76_17 - Q76_17
pre_Q76_18 - Q76_18
pre_Q76_19 - Q76_19
pre_Q76_20 - Q76_20
pre_Q76_21 - Q76_21
pre_Q76_22 - Q76_22
pre_Q76_23 - Q76_23
pre_Q76_24 - Q76_24
StartDate - StartDate
EndDate - EndDate
ResponseId - ResponseId
conspiracy_item1 - There are secret organizations that have a lot of influence on political decisio
conspiracy_item2 - government agencies are closely monitoring all citizens
conspiracy_item3 - The new 5G antennas are harming the immune system and facilitating the spread of
conspiracy_item4 - The coronavirus vaccine is just an excuse to implant us with a microchip
conspiracy_item5 - The Smolensk air crash was a political assassination orchestrated by political e
Q76_1 - Q76_1
Q76_2 - Q76_2
Q76_3 - Q76_3
Q76_4 - Q76_4
Q76_5 - Q76_5
Q76_6 - Q76_6
Q76_7 - Q76_7
Q76_8 - Q76_8
Q76_9 - Q76_9
Q76_10 - Q76_10
Q76_11 - Q76_11
Q76_12 - Q76_12
Q76_13 - Q76_13
Q76_14 - Q76_14
Q76_15 - Q76_15
Q76_16 - Q76_16
Q76_17 - Q76_17
Q76_18 - Q76_18
Q76_19 - Q76_19
Q76_20 - Q76_20
Q76_21 - Q76_21
Q76_22 - Q76_22
Q76_23 - Q76_23
Q76_24 - Q76_24
treat_bin - Experimental condition
prime
age_cat - RECODE of age_rec (Age recoded)
religiosity3 - How important is religion in your life?
female - Female
financial4 - How would you describe the financial situation of your household?
mother_edu_level - Mother educ.
right_wing
hh_size_cat - RECODE of hh_size_rec (How many people live in your household, including you?)
schoolen - school

Variables

(mean) completed

f10800012 Location:

Summary Statistics: Min. 0.027027027681469917; Valid 18.0; Max. 0.7906976938247681; Mean 0.47961161709907985; StDev 0.2195525479761911

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:u4DVkJs95vRf4XxxX4l4dQ==

(sum) count

f10800012 Location:

Summary Statistics: Mean 54.44444444444444; Min. 27.0; Max. 238.0; StDev 47.864050395484064; Valid 18.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:6B8nPeHpIxxXlb6sYrZAOg==

city

f10800012 Location:

Variable Format: character

Notes: UNF:6:BxUJtPYu49f9SE8evUqlmw==

school

f10800012 Location:

Summary Statistics: Mean 9.5; Min. 1.0; Max. 18.0; Valid 18.0; StDev 5.338539126015656

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:yF0kRpcwztX8usp4no6HXA==

StartDate

f10800010 Location:

Variable Format: character

Notes: UNF:6:dc6+0WHtjNYbiW4sX1yDMg==

EndDate

f10800010 Location:

Variable Format: character

Notes: UNF:6:wiLupAug/Xc1iy/CxKkhSA==

Duration (in seconds)

f10800010 Location:

Summary Statistics: Min. 184.0; StDev 14749.971255190372; Max. 347116.0; Valid 982.0; Mean 2833.848268839094

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:Zt9fG17LcC6pbAGnO9CugA==

ResponseId

f10800010 Location:

Variable Format: character

Notes: UNF:6:w+EJKPoe6ee3gJNmE/lI5A==

TOPIC

f10800010 Location:

Variable Format: character

Notes: UNF:6:6/GmeM0Tq22Pz246avpnqw==

f10800010 Location:

Summary Statistics: Max. 4.0; StDev 0.6916903122956342; Min. 1.0; Valid 982.0; Mean 1.4531568228105904;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:nw86Xj46OU9Dwhdimi9HUQ==

Age (original variable)

f10800010 Location:

Summary Statistics: Min. 13.0; Mean 157.54413441955222; Max. 69420.0; StDev 3130.584079428609; Valid 982.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:Qf69A1Jm7EK7pgq53wAI4g==

Q10

f10800010 Location:

Summary Statistics: Min. 1.0; Valid 982.0; Mean 11.801425661914475; Max. 99.0; StDev 26.690438143301908;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:r/aS923eLZkJprD/BiFwkA==

How would you describe the financial situation of your household?

f10800010 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency
99.	dk/no reply	67
5.	Very bad	3
1.	Very good	243

Summary Statistics: StDev 24.489542022055883; Mean 8.583503054989816; Valid 982.0; Min. 1.0; Max. 99.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:edd0kfdiZVFElRjg0Nod9A==

How many people live in your household, including you?

f10800010 Location:

Summary Statistics: Mean 1.0183299389002089E31; Min. 1.0; Valid 982.0; StDev 3.191128231363013E32; Max. 1.0E34

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:HOUAtnrcXzy5tiYMMwTWlQ==

How important is religion in your life?

f10800010 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency
99.	no reply	96
4.	totally NOT important	238
1.	totally important	139

Summary Statistics: Valid 982.0; Mean 12.077393075356412; StDev 28.643759393948624; Max. 99.0; Min. 1.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:ocmyZQyQoHbBdPgchF1eCQ==

How often talk to parent(s) about political/social issues? PRE

f10800010 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency	Text
1.	everyday	139
5.	never	58

Summary Statistics: Max. 5.0; StDev 1.077088995764247; Mean 2.660896130346232; Min. 1.0; Valid 982.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:Z5/M+dwcFpoxCu79GBJVpw==

How often talk to friends about political/social issues? PRE

f10800010 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency	Text
5.	never	63
1.	everyday	129

Summary Statistics: Valid 982.0; Max. 5.0; StDev 1.101557948443624; Mean 2.7494908350305503; Min. 1.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:NYR1KjkMK7lRNig6mdCvYg==

Q78

f10800010 Location:

Summary Statistics: Valid 982.0; Mean 2.3849287169042768; Max. 4.0; StDev 0.852230356201167; Min. 1.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:BaL7nFFADSLAkjlvKvL0pQ==

I dislike questions which could be answered in many different ways

f10800010 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency
5.	Strongly disagree	209
3.	Neutral	239
2.	Agree somehow	146
1.	Strongly agree	79
4.	Disagree somehow	298
99.	Prefer not to reply	0

Summary Statistics: Max. 5.0; Valid 971.0; Mean 3.424304840370752; Min. 1.0; StDev 1.2104299337435165

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:yDFhRZVwxAxQZoJIAxUQUw==

I feel irritated when one person disagrees with what everyone else in a group be

f10800010 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency
3.	Neutral	200
2.	Agree somehow	139
1.	Strongly agree	58
4.	Disagree somehow	288
5.	Strongly disagree	286
99.	Prefer not to reply	0

Summary Statistics: Min. 1.0; Valid 971.0; Mean 3.6230690010298665; Max. 5.0; StDev 1.2124964680050252

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:cOvK7jKyek3EQwTW9FrTtQ==

I do not usually consult many different opinions before forming my own view

f10800010 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency
3.	Neutral	251
2.	Agree somehow	232
99.	Prefer not to reply	0
1.	Strongly agree	65
4.	Disagree somehow	307
5.	Strongly disagree	116

Summary Statistics: Max. 5.0; Min. 1.0; StDev 1.126409918064127; Mean 3.1822863027806383; Valid 971.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:ydpMckFgAvvOeLC6dCBaMg==

There are secret organizations that have a lot of influence on political decisio

f10800010 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency
4.	Disagree somehow	132
5.	Strongly disagree	65
2.	Agree somehow	285
1.	Strongly agree	119
3.	Neutral	303
99.	Prefer not to reply	56

Summary Statistics: StDev 22.604078378883468; Mean 8.328125; Max. 99.0; Min. 1.0; Valid 960.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:eK0xEl57QOe+plgm+u0bjg==

government agencies are closely monitoring all citizens

f10800010 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency
2.	Agree somehow	225
5.	Strongly disagree	113
4.	Disagree somehow	223
3.	Neutral	274
1.	Strongly agree	74
99.	Prefer not to reply	51

Summary Statistics: Mean 8.179166666666662; Min. 1.0; StDev 21.552399548823608; Valid 960.0; Max. 99.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:8wYpecGyT393gzD8e8FuOg==

The new 5G antennas are harming the immune system and facilitating the spread of

f10800010 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency
99.	Prefer not to reply	55
5.	Strongly disagree	604
2.	Agree somehow	19
4.	Disagree somehow	96
1.	Strongly agree	24
3.	Neutral	162

Summary Statistics: StDev 22.026291853221043; Valid 960.0; Min. 1.0; Mean 9.788541666666662; Max. 99.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:uAXrIvTvC2xFoMNrUwBrAA==

The coronavirus vaccine is just an excuse to implant us with a microchip

f10800010 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency
4.	Disagree somehow	111
1.	Strongly agree	37
3.	Neutral	98
99.	Prefer not to reply	46
2.	Agree somehow	35
5.	Strongly disagree	633

Summary Statistics: Mean 8.920833333333336; StDev 20.246344778394874; Min. 1.0; Valid 960.0; Max. 99.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:YF3uUjtNMvA9jAPoprORqA==

The Smolensk air crash was a political assassination orchestrated by political e

f10800010 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency
2.	Agree somehow	133
3.	Neutral	342
5.	Strongly disagree	189
1.	Strongly agree	58
99.	Prefer not to reply	117
4.	Disagree somehow	121

Summary Statistics: Min. 1.0; StDev 31.344307055836516; Valid 960.0; Mean 14.960416666666667; Max. 99.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:RbKLvc+RLadktOTFwDH4rQ==

Q76_1

f10800010 Location:

Summary Statistics: StDev 1.3858836004828838; Valid 295.0; Mean 3.2203389830508473; Min. 1.0; Max. 7.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:Jfgvh+3p5rT5clSY2P6i7A==

Q76_2

f10800010 Location:

Summary Statistics: Min. 1.0; Mean 3.4890965732087227; Max. 7.0; StDev 1.436371119790937; Valid 321.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:ndPY6ZAbiG1zHEiuUrA6KQ==

Q76_3

f10800010 Location:

Summary Statistics: Min. 1.0; Valid 307.0; Max. 7.0; StDev 1.4482404923656176; Mean 3.8469055374592833

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:u2TAl3RYgKikUdUSoUyn7w==

Q76_4

f10800010 Location:

Summary Statistics: Valid 313.0; StDev 1.668279714221346; Mean 3.7763578274760383; Max. 7.0; Min. 1.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:wjHEps+egGJEApKy3VFvjQ==

Q76_5

f10800010 Location:

Summary Statistics: Mean 2.9090909090909087; StDev 1.3131006106140195; Valid 330.0; Min. 1.0; Max. 7.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:O39Y/XeqtgqmRXEoYIzU1g==

Q76_6

f10800010 Location:

Summary Statistics: Mean 2.9721362229102164; Min. 1.0; Valid 323.0; StDev 1.3498898344815484; Max. 7.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:GatZAG05lCzO7xDFM8opLA==

Q76_7

f10800010 Location:

Summary Statistics: Min. 1.0; StDev 1.4976118317888683; Max. 7.0; Valid 347.0; Mean 2.3832853025936602;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:Q8TiC2kuqYVLk2nsHF8wXA==

Q76_8

f10800010 Location:

Summary Statistics: Max. 7.0; Mean 2.9396551724137927; Valid 348.0; Min. 1.0; StDev 1.8438563449490577;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:OBTbKfAYmjXP5+W8ekU9+w==

Q76_9

f10800010 Location:

Summary Statistics: Min. 1.0; Max. 7.0; StDev 1.2612773291845647; Valid 338.0; Mean 2.757396449704142;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:ilmbUTL6Rq4mhLxNwf5u7A==

Q76_10

f10800010 Location:

Summary Statistics: Min. 1.0; Valid 309.0; StDev 1.7120681169283196; Max. 7.0; Mean 2.4110032362459544

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:h+0673YwysRnvs+Cim/ghQ==

Q76_11

f10800010 Location:

Summary Statistics: Max. 7.0; Valid 323.0; Min. 1.0; Mean 3.2600619195046443; StDev 1.464014304695424;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:dkA9jeCL/3a6J7uPmLTL7g==

Q76_12

f10800010 Location:

Summary Statistics: Mean 2.664596273291925; Min. 1.0; StDev 1.7771274359832436; Valid 322.0; Max. 7.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:Hp1RNFcUWPKmvWNTkOM1Iw==

Q76_13

f10800010 Location:

Summary Statistics: Max. 7.0; Min. 1.0; Valid 323.0; Mean 2.996904024767802; StDev 1.2720073928756606;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:+4O/tFqPoc5dG9DbTD2cpQ==

Q76_14

f10800010 Location:

Summary Statistics: Mean 3.453074433656958; Max. 7.0; Valid 309.0; StDev 1.4733229287002387; Min. 1.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:wxB27uYTbpg/3DQ+UET0NQ==

Q76_15

f10800010 Location:

Summary Statistics: Mean 2.7962382445141065; Max. 7.0; StDev 1.3432283998844088; Valid 319.0; Min. 1.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:ADLxi4CxRncxJnrXlW8YxQ==

Q76_16

f10800010 Location:

Summary Statistics: Valid 326.0; Min. 1.0; StDev 1.5004922898319761; Mean 4.294478527607362; Max. 7.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:9BH8HW825vhzDBSuu3i9Lw==

Q76_17

f10800010 Location:

Summary Statistics: StDev 1.8607700213287048; Mean 4.6324503311258285; Valid 302.0; Min. 1.0; Max. 7.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:zjz6wZjyYftpdPJFyvbZOQ==

Q76_18

f10800010 Location:

Summary Statistics: Max. 7.0; Min. 1.0; StDev 1.5908633580040297; Mean 4.247619047619048; Valid 315.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:LHiYOgokI4w1cDUUrpG09g==

Q76_19

f10800010 Location:

Summary Statistics: Valid 307.0; Max. 7.0; Mean 4.478827361563518; StDev 1.8244995534187938; Min. 1.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:clNKmtvklAMKgCH8122DvA==

Q76_20

f10800010 Location:

Summary Statistics: Max. 7.0; Valid 287.0; Min. 1.0; Mean 3.4355400696864113; StDev 1.68348362106965

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:3pKhyT/t9WxT+oNahtQUYQ==

Q76_21

f10800010 Location:

Summary Statistics: Valid 310.0; Max. 7.0; Min. 1.0; Mean 3.970967741935484; StDev 1.601717029416166

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:VWm5619Xc/q9MVPO1ifrPQ==

Q76_22

f10800010 Location:

Summary Statistics: Min. 1.0; Valid 319.0; StDev 1.56817685353221; Max. 7.0; Mean 3.426332288401254;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:7KrUmwZT3+YW8Zv1mdld0g==

Q76_23

f10800010 Location:

Summary Statistics: Mean 3.9829931972789114; Min. 1.0; Valid 294.0; StDev 1.4604162364104678; Max. 7.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:E7gS/jLQF+gBLHC4kaBHSA==

Q76_24

f10800010 Location:

Summary Statistics: Max. 7.0; Mean 4.074766355140187; Min. 1.0; StDev 1.3695409900271298; Valid 321.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:8us2XDajUqHrg3s9jVb8ew==

StartDate

f10800010 Location:

Variable Format: character

Notes: UNF:6:wvfxj37RRsvlgr/Ugz/RSg==

EndDate

f10800010 Location:

Variable Format: character

Notes: UNF:6:n/p4QIqwxt/JDZJlKo591g==

ResponseId

f10800010 Location:

Variable Format: character

Notes: UNF:6:iBeF0Dfn0S9uMrX0UQmL+w==

How often talk to parent(s) about political/social issues? POST

f10800010 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency	Text
1.	everyday	53
5.	never	20

Summary Statistics: StDev 0.9394567146449602; Min. 1.0; Valid 539.0; Max. 5.0; Mean 2.60482374768089;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:RuMBywm7dffbUXrW68ysDQ==

How often talk to friends about political/social issues? POST

f10800010 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency	Text
5.	never	30
1.	everyday	66

Summary Statistics: Max. 5.0; Mean 2.6654275092936803; Min. 1.0; StDev 1.053306359123122; Valid 538.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:AfCuRstrHxBWf3zCOWFJNw==

Q78

f10800010 Location:

Summary Statistics: Valid 511.0; Max. 4.0; StDev 0.8383254791513132; Min. 1.0; Mean 2.3268101761252447

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:O3ViCWF7i6cxk86yk6uFrQ==

I dislike questions which could be answered in many different ways

f10800010 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency
4.	Disagree somehow	155
3.	Neutral	109
99.	Prefer not to reply	0
1.	Strongly agree	38
5.	Strongly disagree	123
2.	Agree somehow	79

Summary Statistics: Mean 3.488095238095238; Min. 1.0; Valid 504.0; Max. 5.0; StDev 1.227524437795365;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:S+Fw2nzK9aZlLGLmu5y5JQ==

I feel irritated when one person disagrees with what everyone else in a group be

f10800010 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency
1.	Strongly agree	26
3.	Neutral	108
4.	Disagree somehow	154
2.	Agree somehow	93
99.	Prefer not to reply	0
5.	Strongly disagree	123

Summary Statistics: Mean 3.505952380952381; Valid 504.0; Min. 1.0; StDev 1.1914057243918212; Max. 5.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:QKKvVWHfeTd4qtaVo117uA==

I do not usually consult many different opinions before forming my own view

f10800010 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency
1.	Strongly agree	30
3.	Neutral	115
2.	Agree somehow	113
99.	Prefer not to reply	0
5.	Strongly disagree	68
4.	Disagree somehow	178

Summary Statistics: Max. 5.0; Min. 1.0; Mean 3.2797619047619047; Valid 504.0; StDev 1.1311191623786345

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:5e0Qy1eW6XdxEC2VTdlINg==

There are secret organizations that have a lot of influence on political decisio

f10800010 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency
5.	Strongly disagree	41
99.	Prefer not to reply	21
1.	Strongly agree	50
4.	Disagree somehow	91
2.	Agree somehow	160
3.	Neutral	139

Summary Statistics: Max. 99.0; StDev 19.30625992039734; Min. 1.0; Valid 502.0; Mean 6.842629482071715;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:2DwGIvdDQvZd8IpIoUb/7w==

government agencies are closely monitoring all citizens

f10800010 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency
3.	Neutral	147
99.	Prefer not to reply	21
4.	Disagree somehow	123
1.	Strongly agree	32
2.	Agree somehow	108
5.	Strongly disagree	71

Summary Statistics: Max. 99.0; Mean 7.201195219123502; Min. 1.0; StDev 19.232721165733704; Valid 502.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:5SDDRHs1RWFjXelrcnpaeQ==

The new 5G antennas are harming the immune system and facilitating the spread of

f10800010 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency
4.	Disagree somehow	46
99.	Prefer not to reply	19
3.	Neutral	72
5.	Strongly disagree	338
2.	Agree somehow	15
1.	Strongly agree	12

Summary Statistics: StDev 18.095167696252975; Max. 99.0; Valid 502.0; Mean 7.994023904382475; Min. 1.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:yEzbS+fwAXBfFqldtrJpaw==

The coronavirus vaccine is just an excuse to implant us with a microchip

f10800010 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency
1.	Strongly agree	17
5.	Strongly disagree	333
3.	Neutral	54
4.	Disagree somehow	59
99.	Prefer not to reply	21
2.	Agree somehow	18

Summary Statistics: Max. 99.0; StDev 18.986767811023753; Min. 1.0; Mean 8.356573705179278; Valid 502.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:DZembMQLkdacejTduG6NRg==

The Smolensk air crash was a political assassination orchestrated by political e

f10800010 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency
2.	Agree somehow	64
5.	Strongly disagree	118
1.	Strongly agree	23
99.	Prefer not to reply	41
3.	Neutral	176
4.	Disagree somehow	80

Summary Statistics: Valid 502.0; Mean 11.250996015936249; Max. 99.0; Min. 1.0; StDev 26.21835130426321

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:587+nwErcGEBYOD/aIoxEQ==

Q76_1

f10800010 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency	Text
7.	entirely credible	2
1.	totally not credible	8

Summary Statistics: StDev 1.164964745021435; Min. 1.0; Max. 7.0; Valid 162.0; Mean 3.5

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:CysOnb0RUC8ND+GkwEgOKQ==

Q76_2

f10800010 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency	Text
1.	totally not credible	6
7.	entirely credible	1

Summary Statistics: Mean 3.605095541401274; Min. 1.0; Max. 7.0; Valid 157.0; StDev 1.2339116546911122;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:5iZbdn003AYS0KK9zgZ5QA==

Q76_3

f10800010 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency	Text
7.	entirely credible	2
1.	totally not credible	11

Summary Statistics: Mean 3.6867469879518073; StDev 1.3432453765628745; Min. 1.0; Max. 7.0; Valid 166.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:rJTKJkWh7rPMD6LugolYuw==

Q76_4

f10800010 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency	Text
1.	totally not credible	14
7.	entirely credible	13

Summary Statistics: Valid 154.0; Max. 7.0; StDev 1.7293410567671401; Mean 3.8506493506493507; Min. 1.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:psI/pEhArYfr/wKEjrVing==

Q76_5

f10800010 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency	Text
7.	entirely credible	1
1.	totally not credible	18

Summary Statistics: StDev 1.1973649221891738; Valid 179.0; Max. 7.0; Min. 1.0; Mean 3.067039106145251;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:2lQt0WZ3zY1K5yeC3tOz3w==

Q76_6

f10800010 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency	Text
7.	entirely credible	7
1.	totally not credible	19

Summary Statistics: Min. 1.0; StDev 1.3827387629455261; Valid 182.0; Mean 3.208791208791209; Max. 7.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:xDiIB2J1S5JUFk+JHP1VKw==

Q76_7

f10800010 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency	Text
7.	entirely credible	2
1.	totally not credible	62

Summary Statistics: Max. 7.0; Mean 2.375; StDev 1.3492053925391903; Valid 184.0; Min. 1.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:k2hfZoSDWl+xea/lnWeyaA==

Q76_8

f10800010 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency	Text
1.	totally not credible	39
7.	entirely credible	8

Summary Statistics: Max. 7.0; Min. 1.0; StDev 1.6126784847648405; Valid 177.0; Mean 2.915254237288136

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:hDU/OKu2fgEyPfJKQaazMQ==

Q76_9

f10800010 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency	Text
7.	entirely credible	1
1.	totally not credible	23

Summary Statistics: Valid 158.0; Min. 1.0; Max. 7.0; Mean 2.9556962025316453; StDev 1.2836300869459532

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:k0K4u46/cNQXvFc4ALhnrg==

Q76_10

f10800010 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency	Text
1.	totally not credible	63
7.	entirely credible	4

Summary Statistics: Mean 2.391891891891892; Valid 148.0; StDev 1.5720134631640996; Min. 1.0; Max. 7.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:NnU+uh2R/LiEHJxI+AfrIw==

Q76_11

f10800010 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency	Text
1.	totally not credible	12
7.	entirely credible	8

Summary Statistics: Min. 1.0; Valid 172.0; Mean 3.4476744186046515; Max. 7.0; StDev 1.483888265539196

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:STou6ywGW3gb0ceCPy9flg==

Q76_12

f10800010 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency	Text
7.	entirely credible	6
1.	totally not credible	68

Summary Statistics: StDev 1.5560539953044195; Min. 1.0; Mean 2.358490566037736; Max. 7.0; Valid 159.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:psULr2tIff4znDAVPv/YaQ==

Q76_13

f10800010 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency	Text
1.	totally not credible	15
7.	entirely credible	0

Summary Statistics: Max. 6.0; StDev 1.182110663565401; Min. 1.0; Valid 171.0; Mean 3.2222222222222223;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:81rjhh2oaUhTyG8slmsrUA==

Q76_14

f10800010 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency	Text
7.	entirely credible	9
1.	totally not credible	11

Summary Statistics: StDev 1.48976771937968; Valid 189.0; Mean 3.6455026455026456; Min. 1.0; Max. 7.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:e35bGp8p2Zbl2XCj4O+nlA==

Q76_15

f10800010 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency	Text
7.	entirely credible	0
1.	totally not credible	31

Summary Statistics: Max. 6.0; Valid 175.0; Mean 2.9714285714285715; StDev 1.3451854182690992; Min. 1.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:o/Ls6wXHbra6DB3HAbhiHQ==

Q76_16

f10800010 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency	Text
7.	entirely credible	8
1.	totally not credible	11

Summary Statistics: Mean 4.052631578947368; Max. 7.0; StDev 1.4803145845899939; Min. 1.0; Valid 171.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:zZd9wMxcAtiq0ZthdOWQfw==

Q76_17

f10800010 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency	Text
1.	totally not credible	11
7.	entirely credible	38

Summary Statistics: StDev 1.9253393002837536; Mean 4.702702702702703; Min. 1.0; Max. 7.0; Valid 148.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:VN1kCaMGttpKo7BocC0hWw==

Q76_18

f10800010 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency	Text
7.	entirely credible	19
1.	totally not credible	5

Summary Statistics: Valid 170.0; Mean 4.370588235294117; Min. 1.0; StDev 1.5569142238583635; Max. 7.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:T7Zk/ZgYspURwTj4467OEw==

Q76_19

f10800010 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency	Text
1.	totally not credible	3
7.	entirely credible	27

Summary Statistics: Min. 1.0; Max. 7.0; Mean 4.621468926553672; Valid 177.0; StDev 1.5983628308634361

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:E056QFVMx+Zx+yaJiG5Iiw==

Q76_20

f10800010 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency	Text
7.	entirely credible	6
1.	totally not credible	13

Summary Statistics: Valid 155.0; Min. 1.0; StDev 1.508723412130551; Mean 3.6193548387096772; Max. 7.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:vMhXRntarehvbtx74PLdYQ==

Q76_21

f10800010 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency	Text
1.	totally not credible	10
7.	entirely credible	9

Summary Statistics: Max. 7.0; Mean 4.10126582278481; Min. 1.0; Valid 158.0; StDev 1.5234467851658366

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:fK3G9yT6qTtfbzFCCRKlaw==

Q76_22

f10800010 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency	Text
1.	totally not credible	12
7.	entirely credible	1

Summary Statistics: StDev 1.3246248044194329; Min. 1.0; Max. 7.0; Valid 150.0; Mean 3.48;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:VybGFL6qeg3NfiULeCYE2g==

Q76_23

f10800010 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency	Text
7.	entirely credible	8
1.	totally not credible	8

Summary Statistics: Valid 166.0; Max. 7.0; Min. 1.0; StDev 1.4740421608886909; Mean 4.054216867469879

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:VBb57+SFg6s/Za5PMKx+8A==

Q76_24

f10800010 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency	Text
7.	entirely credible	10
1.	totally not credible	9

Summary Statistics: Min. 1.0; Mean 4.185897435897435; Max. 7.0; StDev 1.5400229875933553; Valid 156.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:Z8HnZfaWJEjytltCUhiEZg==

Matching result from merge

f10800010 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency
2.	took only W3	107
3.	took W1 & W3	434
1.	took only W1	548

Summary Statistics: Min. 1.0; Mean 1.8953168044077138; StDev 0.9442483178465039; Max. 3.0; Valid 1089.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:M36+NzUS8+kFHVUjjbcaPQ==

RECODE of _merge (Matching result from merge)

f10800010 Location:

Summary Statistics: StDev 0.4968724262626541; Min. 0.0; Mean 0.44195519348268836; Max. 1.0; Valid 982.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:fzf0Ei3w+dzsC5WoCnfnkQ==

Self-reported participation in debate / not debate

f10800010 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency	Text
0.	Non-debate	240
1.	Debate	247

Summary Statistics: Mean 0.5071868583162218; Max. 1.0; StDev 0.500462432238509; Min. 0.0; Valid 487.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:bz5UozKjextS7XSSUWQjhQ==

Experimental conditions - separate conditions

f10800010 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency
1.	Public speaking	236
0.	No activity	203
2.	Debate (polarizing)	253
3.	Debate (neutral)	232

Summary Statistics: StDev 1.0907240098829711; Max. 3.0; Min. 0.0; Mean 1.5562770562770563; Valid 924.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:0044LhmS9QYBSUB6ov3JBQ==

Experimental conditions combined

f10800010 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency	Text
1.	Debate	498
0.	Non-debate	454

Summary Statistics: Max. 1.0; Valid 952.0; StDev 0.49972820860962835; Min. 0.0; Mean 0.5231092436974788

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:S/nSHAVdafQrI52qLM6mDA==

noncomplier

f10800010 Location:

Summary Statistics: Mean 0.07254361799816324; Min. 0.0; StDev 0.25950506869508977; Max. 1.0; Valid 1089.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:Ib2v4/QCMs3b5eMMTmRDkw==

Q88_39_TEXT

f10800010 Location:

Summary Statistics: Min. 1.0; Valid 982.0; Max. 42.0; Mean 23.026476578411405; StDev 11.213310843381517

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:Hm+pMyXT8bwxP8t9VQL6pg==

school

f10800010 Location:

Summary Statistics: StDev 5.925999224000966; Max. 18.0; Mean 8.0; Valid 980.0; Min. 1.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:qMBGuMsp2ErBFmCVQ1EU5g==

Age in years

f10800010 Location:

Summary Statistics: Min. 13.0; Valid 973.0; StDev 1.073986784034396; Mean 15.388489208633093; Max. 22.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:ODaGyudpqNpbdHY/g6Ru2w==

How many people live in your household, including you?

f10800010 Location:

Summary Statistics: StDev 1.3614004721361344; Max. 20.0; Mean 4.106448311156602; Valid 977.0; Min. 1.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:4BlxI6TcKOQ1oAQm1e628A==

Which political party (or coalition group) do you like the most?

f10800010 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency
2.	Center party	188
1.	Right-wing party	106
3.	Left-wing party	148
4.	Not reported	540

Summary Statistics: Mean 3.1425661914460283; Min. 1.0; StDev 1.0742281363315656; Valid 982.0; Max. 4.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:7QxOeM/Ytrk4zacBPykSUQ==

To what extent do you trust information from television in Poland?

f10800010 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency	Text
1.	No trust	192
7.	Complete trust	9

Summary Statistics: Min. 1.0; Max. 7.0; Valid 969.0; StDev 1.3321713031999012; Mean 2.791537667698658

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:Fgj9Ij1iQC4n1Go0qO109Q==

To what extent do you trust information from newspapers in Poland?

f10800010 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency	Text
7.	Complete trust	10
1.	No trust	110

Summary Statistics: Mean 3.188854489164087; StDev 1.3065472559015612; Min. 1.0; Valid 969.0; Max. 7.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:jcs67ZPa6zwXyZLp3pmoZg==

To what extent do you trust information from social media in Poland?

f10800010 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency	Text
1.	No trust	117
7.	Complete trust	15

Summary Statistics: Max. 7.0; Mean 3.2208462332301346; Valid 969.0; StDev 1.4093617430663252; Min. 1.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:LPa9BMcZoiyOM7/VHuMPFA==

To what extent do you trust information from television in Poland?

f10800010 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency	Text
7.	Complete trust	3
1.	No trust	80

Summary Statistics: StDev 1.2480016529829132; Max. 7.0; Min. 1.0; Mean 2.783730158730159; Valid 504.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:nb8IrhPfh+QVFzFtKJfeWA==

To what extent do you trust information from newspapers in Poland?

f10800010 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency	Text
1.	No trust	50
7.	Complete trust	2

Summary Statistics: Valid 504.0; Max. 7.0; Min. 1.0; Mean 3.1567460317460316; StDev 1.1985885200276534

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:VfegJb0HJBdMf0TXjIpuiA==

To what extent do you trust information from social media in Poland?

f10800010 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency	Text
7.	Complete trust	2
1.	No trust	60

Summary Statistics: Valid 504.0; Min. 1.0; Max. 7.0; StDev 1.3669840054769364; Mean 3.154761904761904

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:xKCyvk1Gn4JIvqRA1DpThg==

StartDate

f10800007 Location:

Variable Format: character

Notes: UNF:6:S5uzW6iOkXIAsS7e7fxiag==

EndDate

f10800007 Location:

Variable Format: character

Notes: UNF:6:K0azxFZNzAbdkGxE2CKM0w==

ResponseId

f10800007 Location:

Variable Format: character

Notes: UNF:6:IC0q7hycpf3n6BbObL48gw==

There are secret organizations that have a lot of influence on political decisio

f10800007 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency
2.	Agree somehow	141
1.	Strongly agree	54
3.	Neutral	159
4.	Disagree somehow	81
99.	Prefer not to reply	22
5.	Strongly disagree	33

Summary Statistics: Mean 7.10204081632653; StDev 19.973238637617637; Min. 1.0; Max. 99.0; Valid 490.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:zahT+Rah5nYKaPNC0v3IYQ==

government agencies are closely monitoring all citizens

f10800007 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency
5.	Strongly disagree	68
1.	Strongly agree	27
2.	Agree somehow	111
4.	Disagree somehow	126
99.	Prefer not to reply	19
3.	Neutral	139

Summary Statistics: Valid 490.0; Mean 6.920408163265305; StDev 18.545797837245345; Min. 1.0; Max. 99.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:CQKn+ThLBg3kvx28H9Ui+g==

The new 5G antennas are harming the immune system and facilitating the spread of

f10800007 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency
3.	Neutral	77
4.	Disagree somehow	48
2.	Agree somehow	6
99.	Prefer not to reply	23
1.	Strongly agree	8
5.	Strongly disagree	328

Summary Statistics: StDev 20.036821827709783; Mean 8.897959183673468; Max. 99.0; Min. 1.0; Valid 490.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:G0pobgB3j1STDoDubOOD6A==

The coronavirus vaccine is just an excuse to implant us with a microchip

f10800007 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency
4.	Disagree somehow	57
1.	Strongly agree	13
3.	Neutral	51
99.	Prefer not to reply	12
5.	Strongly disagree	342
2.	Agree somehow	15

Summary Statistics: Max. 99.0; Min. 1.0; StDev 14.65933512041155; Valid 490.0; Mean 6.779591836734694;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:wAavHBk8Ho9T06uBLtr6cw==

The Smolensk air crash was a political assassination orchestrated by political e

f10800007 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency
1.	Strongly agree	24
2.	Agree somehow	68
3.	Neutral	183
99.	Prefer not to reply	58
4.	Disagree somehow	63
5.	Strongly disagree	94

Summary Statistics: Mean 14.638775510204084; StDev 30.96125500332623; Valid 490.0; Min. 1.0; Max. 99.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:64Ei3lQjvQqMkGMI4FVRsA==

Q76_1

f10800007 Location:

Summary Statistics: Max. 7.0; Mean 3.256756756756757; Min. 1.0; Valid 148.0; StDev 1.375794744329788

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:SnrPUTl3BqkL/isr3ZFQcQ==

Q76_2

f10800007 Location:

Summary Statistics: Max. 7.0; Min. 1.0; Valid 164.0; Mean 3.5060975609756095; StDev 1.433588963258589;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:QcT4lWJ8TX/amHdm1WkoLQ==

Q76_3

f10800007 Location:

Summary Statistics: Min. 1.0; Mean 4.065359477124183; Valid 153.0; Max. 7.0; StDev 1.3112529294251505;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:4rl/UXqz+/6E8m8SsJ/YfA==

Q76_4

f10800007 Location:

Summary Statistics: Mean 3.8488372093023258; Max. 7.0; Min. 1.0; Valid 172.0; StDev 1.6579945743071456

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:h3npTZPhr5AgJbMnnpOV7A==

Q76_5

f10800007 Location:

Summary Statistics: StDev 1.3155182102298073; Mean 2.871508379888268; Min. 1.0; Valid 179.0; Max. 7.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:PzrIOVMf4EBmCGSGSdM+fg==

Q76_6

f10800007 Location:

Summary Statistics: Valid 158.0; Mean 3.0253164556962027; Max. 7.0; Min. 1.0; StDev 1.3541602191830673

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:wsBDJa07z6WGD4I4QAaS8A==

Q76_7

f10800007 Location:

Summary Statistics: StDev 1.4386753808856645; Min. 1.0; Valid 177.0; Max. 7.0; Mean 2.3163841807909606

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:0iS2Uro2048mezalg2EzQw==

Q76_8

f10800007 Location:

Summary Statistics: Min. 1.0; StDev 1.7977802542332804; Max. 7.0; Mean 2.9945054945054945; Valid 182.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:TeQkFGAsqMK36QdrYC//ow==

Q76_9

f10800007 Location:

Summary Statistics: Valid 185.0; Max. 7.0; Min. 1.0; StDev 1.2545569112153738; Mean 2.8

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:ZrZi3yTrbn6Klz+mH83RLg==

Q76_10

f10800007 Location:

Summary Statistics: Valid 151.0; Mean 2.317880794701987; Min. 1.0; StDev 1.6345064940307519; Max. 7.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:xGAHyCS1OGOcTaDgD9xxzA==

Q76_11

f10800007 Location:

Summary Statistics: StDev 1.3634758358379997; Valid 158.0; Mean 3.2531645569620253; Max. 7.0; Min. 1.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:creHULUMOX71xAmkO2tJ1Q==

Q76_12

f10800007 Location:

Summary Statistics: Max. 7.0; StDev 1.7522833373658326; Valid 161.0; Min. 1.0; Mean 2.577639751552795

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:cIqkPX3e9AzuQqGEdWsXPQ==

Q76_13

f10800007 Location:

Summary Statistics: StDev 1.2569372714450884; Max. 7.0; Mean 2.9130434782608696; Valid 161.0; Min. 1.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:Al0BJAM66tWNYn24CLtnQw==

Q76_14

f10800007 Location:

Summary Statistics: Max. 7.0; StDev 1.3787990994056152; Mean 3.5217391304347823; Valid 161.0; Min. 1.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:eyqi+G/xh8YDI1ZD8+dHig==

Q76_15

f10800007 Location:

Summary Statistics: Min. 1.0; StDev 1.3194672367360523; Valid 161.0; Mean 2.7453416149068324; Max. 7.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:xUK6h8e8T5rXKCyysCgGSA==

Q76_16

f10800007 Location:

Summary Statistics: StDev 1.4638582143441614; Min. 1.0; Valid 174.0; Max. 7.0; Mean 4.373563218390805

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:O2LcC5jM8c/BUV2Q5jV8FQ==

Q76_17

f10800007 Location:

Summary Statistics: StDev 1.8402245723685637; Min. 1.0; Valid 155.0; Max. 7.0; Mean 4.683870967741935

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:UIQ6GrBmYiR8wY5+Ffy7/Q==

Q76_18

f10800007 Location:

Summary Statistics: Mean 4.3532934131736525; Min. 1.0; Valid 167.0; StDev 1.6134892382113442; Max. 7.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:9AMkQh/LvnIiEjEBNJpfhQ==

Q76_19

f10800007 Location:

Summary Statistics: StDev 1.7724487186845226; Min. 1.0; Max. 7.0; Mean 4.624161073825503; Valid 149.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:epSiyjjgU37SDZD/wASoVw==

Q76_20

f10800007 Location:

Summary Statistics: Valid 151.0; Max. 7.0; StDev 1.7101953724415613; Mean 3.4172185430463573; Min. 1.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:RUTF7eGiN+xw3hIPAuS9Qg==

Q76_21

f10800007 Location:

Summary Statistics: StDev 1.587499023627229; Min. 1.0; Mean 3.976470588235294; Valid 170.0; Max. 7.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:XUylPcTSpxuX2S8J6uc8qQ==

Q76_22

f10800007 Location:

Summary Statistics: StDev 1.571665496112611; Max. 7.0; Mean 3.3609467455621305; Min. 1.0; Valid 169.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:BEjAcIlDIiVq1d4I3EBZXg==

Q76_23

f10800007 Location:

Summary Statistics: Min. 1.0; Valid 145.0; Mean 4.151724137931034; Max. 7.0; StDev 1.370984208935109

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:Iv25Eq65tQa5DSqgCMdTvg==

Q76_24

f10800007 Location:

Summary Statistics: Mean 4.211180124223603; StDev 1.3248110142969372; Min. 1.0; Max. 7.0; Valid 161.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:k05tJgxMkBUYNtUjHN/teA==

StartDate

f10800007 Location:

Variable Format: character

Notes: UNF:6:0+ib13ZZzELopNrLd9rksA==

EndDate

f10800007 Location:

Variable Format: character

Notes: UNF:6:010iNEDNv4b9OMsNyJdTcg==

ResponseId

f10800007 Location:

Variable Format: character

Notes: UNF:6:qmBMWp1Ro5UWKvKKMAZy/A==

There are secret organizations that have a lot of influence on political decisio

f10800007 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency
99.	Prefer not to reply	19
4.	Disagree somehow	70
5.	Strongly disagree	28
1.	Strongly agree	50
3.	Neutral	159
2.	Agree somehow	168

Summary Statistics: StDev 18.56554794961722; Valid 494.0; Max. 99.0; Mean 6.4048582995951415; Min. 1.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:Ny0xlflhAY13RLxsYVBGgA==

government agencies are closely monitoring all citizens

f10800007 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency
3.	Neutral	134
99.	Prefer not to reply	17
4.	Disagree somehow	128
2.	Agree somehow	124
1.	Strongly agree	23
5.	Strongly disagree	68

Summary Statistics: Max. 99.0; Valid 494.0; StDev 17.51600148073111; Min. 1.0; Mean 6.4939271255060715;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:Njemrt67qG1byJ6BprR2fQ==

The new 5G antennas are harming the immune system and facilitating the spread of

f10800007 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency
99.	Prefer not to reply	19
5.	Strongly disagree	317
3.	Neutral	89
2.	Agree somehow	12
4.	Disagree somehow	51
1.	Strongly agree	6

Summary Statistics: Valid 494.0; Max. 99.0; StDev 18.236587198428055; Mean 8.030364372469633; Min. 1.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:4VDjJCFQTHFex3PM1gDfsQ==

The coronavirus vaccine is just an excuse to implant us with a microchip

f10800007 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency
1.	Strongly agree	13
2.	Agree somehow	16
4.	Disagree somehow	63
3.	Neutral	47
5.	Strongly disagree	334
99.	Prefer not to reply	21

Summary Statistics: StDev 19.11803883054476; Min. 1.0; Mean 8.475708502024288; Valid 494.0; Max. 99.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:S5G5jnq6TScsE1US++lqyw==

The Smolensk air crash was a political assassination orchestrated by political e

f10800007 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency
2.	Agree somehow	65
3.	Neutral	197
4.	Disagree somehow	77
1.	Strongly agree	29
5.	Strongly disagree	96
99.	Prefer not to reply	30

Summary Statistics: Min. 1.0; Max. 99.0; StDev 22.902306792921216; Mean 9.125506072874499; Valid 494.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:jfmeQlKDoLTCzWdabfikpg==

Q76_1

f10800007 Location:

Summary Statistics: StDev 1.2860252331263613; Mean 3.3827160493827164; Min. 1.0; Valid 162.0; Max. 7.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:rnKexrY3ynUHR4RtcRO4Hg==

Q76_2

f10800007 Location:

Summary Statistics: Min. 1.0; Mean 3.5628742514970058; Valid 167.0; StDev 1.4037167109406314; Max. 7.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:nDk87NRuQytkfsI5zzrOpQ==

Q76_3

f10800007 Location:

Summary Statistics: Min. 1.0; Valid 178.0; Max. 7.0; Mean 3.752808988764045; StDev 1.3759918774921596

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:kWg/e3eOSR/mRKX9LpW4QA==

Q76_4

f10800007 Location:

Summary Statistics: Min. 1.0; Valid 158.0; Mean 3.778481012658228; Max. 7.0; StDev 1.5664614580758716

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:0urz16HXVqZApqmnbtiGXA==

Q76_5

f10800007 Location:

Summary Statistics: Mean 3.1235955056179776; Max. 7.0; StDev 1.2784190865610698; Valid 178.0; Min. 1.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:UbKQeQoHijdl3fP/uWuzIQ==

Q76_6

f10800007 Location:

Summary Statistics: Mean 3.179640718562874; StDev 1.1938869859410826; Max. 7.0; Valid 167.0; Min. 1.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:y587o9HZ5XH8KG7kF92ukQ==

Q76_7

f10800007 Location:

Summary Statistics: Mean 2.316546762589928; Min. 1.0; Valid 139.0; Max. 7.0; StDev 1.3568717817899025

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:lIA02Vcd2YMNzMyiw1yH8g==

Q76_8

f10800007 Location:

Summary Statistics: Valid 158.0; Min. 1.0; StDev 1.6462045798335139; Max. 7.0; Mean 3.1265822784810124;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:YEdAsVGaeaslnvkmkq4jCQ==

Q76_9

f10800007 Location:

Summary Statistics: Mean 2.9794520547945207; Min. 1.0; Max. 6.0; Valid 146.0; StDev 1.1475261432357609

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:1SPzfCoekmoX875jZJ1dOg==

Q76_10

f10800007 Location:

Summary Statistics: Valid 166.0; StDev 1.7043316161352824; Mean 2.536144578313253; Min. 1.0; Max. 7.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:2rWvNQvdhqI3GwRTBlJcZw==

Q76_11

f10800007 Location:

Summary Statistics: StDev 1.300274953858186; Min. 1.0; Max. 7.0; Valid 167.0; Mean 3.4191616766467066

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:fgXEBIjYv/DuaYBfbeumRw==

Q76_12

f10800007 Location:

Summary Statistics: Max. 7.0; Valid 156.0; StDev 1.6282630913918918; Min. 1.0; Mean 2.519230769230769

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:l7rdabYRRuo69fblJ9oJGA==

Q76_13

f10800007 Location:

Summary Statistics: StDev 1.2293939753434648; Max. 7.0; Valid 164.0; Mean 3.298780487804878; Min. 1.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:/NzkW9D9X/ds7W8kC+88yA==

Q76_14

f10800007 Location:

Summary Statistics: Mean 3.5064935064935066; Max. 7.0; StDev 1.353990728223211; Min. 1.0; Valid 154.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:6qNgJ5TFp5+AJg7ITLbt7A==

Q76_15

f10800007 Location:

Summary Statistics: StDev 1.2503796976753305; Min. 1.0; Mean 2.890173410404624; Max. 7.0; Valid 173.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:q14P+NQ0C99Br//nBCs+bQ==

Q76_16

f10800007 Location:

Summary Statistics: Min. 1.0; Max. 7.0; Mean 4.254545454545455; Valid 165.0; StDev 1.3909750285082332;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:P0tFS9jEOSkj4PfMpZbZfw==

Q76_17

f10800007 Location:

Summary Statistics: Max. 7.0; StDev 1.8058952804565251; Mean 4.552795031055901; Valid 161.0; Min. 1.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:F+tGEB1UcKFlE3Ydgfkycw==

Q76_18

f10800007 Location:

Summary Statistics: Mean 4.1; StDev 1.5005591798889482; Valid 150.0; Min. 1.0; Max. 7.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:06hU/JIrHpUlqdpGWBsCwg==

Q76_19

f10800007 Location:

Summary Statistics: StDev 1.935163774937744; Min. 1.0; Max. 7.0; Mean 4.2368421052631575; Valid 152.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:74eRtIYWIpkdjmlAXT/loQ==

Q76_20

f10800007 Location:

Summary Statistics: StDev 1.561589732131991; Min. 1.0; Mean 3.505813953488372; Max. 7.0; Valid 172.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:QS1RmGvg/iEHFuLnZ22Bgw==

Q76_21

f10800007 Location:

Summary Statistics: Valid 160.0; Min. 1.0; Max. 7.0; StDev 1.3934793113623787; Mean 3.88125

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:T29YzgP6Y7la7ahPwmE7kg==

Q76_22

f10800007 Location:

Summary Statistics: StDev 1.3989237211655792; Valid 161.0; Mean 3.4161490683229814; Min. 1.0; Max. 7.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:wPniWMs1ULR6Nahu/pNgtg==

Q76_23

f10800007 Location:

Summary Statistics: Min. 1.0; Max. 7.0; Valid 178.0; StDev 1.4338721474959641; Mean 3.977528089887641;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:87CGEIoeCmF8PTsvm7fk9w==

Q76_24

f10800007 Location:

Summary Statistics: Valid 180.0; StDev 1.4790487993010384; Mean 4.188888888888888; Max. 7.0; Min. 1.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:+9zVx3/bQ2B6gKBxrcdewA==

Experimental condition

f10800007 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency	Text
0.	Non-debate	222
1.	Debate	272

Summary Statistics: StDev 0.4979365490948357; Valid 494.0; Min. 0.0; Mean 0.5506072874493925; Max. 1.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:rB2qRyMRU/pZq6RXLSYTFg==

prime

f10800007 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency	Text
1.	Yes	263
0.	No	229

Summary Statistics: Min. 0.0; StDev 0.49931236142205887; Mean 0.5345528455284552; Valid 492.0; Max. 1.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:kVQ6iwIFNydD1SQappr1Xg==

RECODE of age_rec (Age recoded)

f10800007 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency
3.	16	120
4.	17+	51
1.	13-14	101
2.	15	222

Summary Statistics: Min. 1.0; StDev 0.8955177411431354; Max. 4.0; Mean 2.2449392712550607; Valid 494.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:eCOkjax6GMoLO3BVjA65fQ==

How important is religion in your life?

f10800007 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency
1.	important	197
99.	prefer not to reply	42
2.	not important	255

Summary Statistics: Max. 99.0; Valid 494.0; StDev 27.20769837067175; Mean 9.848178137651828; Min. 1.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:dwL+Xo9roMBc/62Sut2JtQ==

Female

f10800007 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency	Text
0.	other	174
1.	female	320

Summary Statistics: StDev 0.47814836954734574; Valid 494.0; Min. 0.0; Max. 1.0; Mean 0.6477732793522266

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:35qd3RUtF08GM5qNtK/iGg==

How would you describe the financial situation of your household?

f10800007 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency
3.	not good	93
1.	great	122
99.	dk/no reply	31

Summary Statistics: Valid 494.0; Min. 1.0; Max. 99.0; StDev 23.572494166183102; Mean 8.028340080971665

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:vBbd5pMHIW+vlsIoU+5ySg==

Mother educ.

f10800007 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency	Text
1.	university level	335
0.	other	159

Summary Statistics: Max. 1.0; Mean 0.6781376518218624; Valid 494.0; StDev 0.4676640986950679; Min. 0.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:5+LWCcYrY0ZPLUPD5cKQbg==

right_wing

f10800007 Location:

Summary Statistics: StDev 0.2667394709998813; Mean 0.07692307692307691; Max. 1.0; Min. 0.0; Valid 494.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:Bt6lS3vxKKriZviUf5Nm3w==

RECODE of hh_size_rec (How many people live in your household, including you?)

f10800007 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency	Text
6.	6+	35

Summary Statistics: Mean 3.9371196754563895; Valid 493.0; Min. 2.0; StDev 0.9680366413006858; Max. 6.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:h5N4ZbVBGHp8av0tIvkQTg==

school

f10800007 Location:

Summary Statistics: Max. 18.0; Mean 9.218623481781375; StDev 5.902244332642135; Valid 494.0; Min. 1.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:+Ep8JIvX/5gPcvyW9pf3ag==

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