Replication Data for Trade and the Politics of Electoral Reform (doi:10.7910/DVN/Q1VSUZ)

View:

Part 1: Document Description
Part 2: Study Description
Part 3: Data Files Description
Part 4: Variable Description
Part 5: Other Study-Related Materials
Entire Codebook

Replication Data for Trade and the Politics of Electoral Reform

doi:10.7910/DVN/Q1VSUZ

Harvard Dataverse

2025-03-31

1

Becher, Michael; Menéndez González, Irene, 2025, "Replication Data for Trade and the Politics of Electoral Reform", https://doi.org/10.7910/DVN/Q1VSUZ, Harvard Dataverse, V1, UNF:6:3GOj+y4KKj/zzqFdoYRtYg== [fileUNF]

Replication Data for Trade and the Politics of Electoral Reform

doi:10.7910/DVN/Q1VSUZ

Becher, Michael (IE University)

Menéndez González, Irene (IE University)

Harvard Dataverse

Becher, Michael

Becher, Michael

2025-03-17

https://doi.org/10.7910/DVN/Q1VSUZ

Social Sciences, popular votes, referendum, census data

While recent research on the origins of proportional representation (PR) in Europe has focused on domestic political explanations, we bring international trade back as an economic explanation for the politics of electoral system choice. Spurred by Rogowski’s (1987) theory of the trade origins of PR and the political economy literature on trade policy, we argue that political conflict over trade shaped the struggle over electoral reform during the first globalization. Because tariffs were a central and contested issue, economic interests hurt by rising tariffs under the old electoral system have economic motives to support the introduction of PR. To conduct a missing test of the theory, we leverage district level popular votes in Switzerland using a within-country research design. We find support for the core mechanism of the trade theory: demand for protectionism entailed stronger opposition to the introduction of PR. Using panel data, we demonstrate that changes in the relative size of the agricultural sector, the central pillar of support for protectionism, were closely related to changes in support for PR. We also examine legislative voting in Germany, and find that protectionism was linked to subsequent opposition to electoral reform. Altogether, our analysis highlights the relatively overlooked importance of trade in conflict over electoral institutions.

<a href="http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0">CC0 1.0</a>

Becher, Michael and Irene Menéndez Gonzalez, "Trade and the Politics of Electoral Reform", conditionally accepted for publication at International Organization.

Becher, Michael and Irene Menéndez Gonzalez, "Trade and the Politics of Electoral Reform", conditionally accepted for publication at International Organization.

• Number of cases: 397

• No. of variables per record: 10

• Type of File: text/tab-separated-values

UNF:6:Mk/loVyidC7s+lSVoqYNbA==

Legislative voting dataset for the German Reichstag.

• Number of cases: 183

• No. of variables per record: 58

• Type of File: text/tab-separated-values

UNF:6:AQp8Wls83f4jMuOjT6762Q==

This is the main cross-sectional district-level dataset for Switzerland on popular votes (including tariff, electoral reform, others) with variables on district characteristics from population census (1900, 1910, 1920) and 1905 firm census.

• Number of cases: 2913

• No. of variables per record: 7

• Type of File: text/tab-separated-values

UNF:6:ySKbGtEGpV7orkLWyW1lCw==

Municipal-level data set including 1903 tariff vote and 1910 PR vote.

• Number of cases: 366

• No. of variables per record: 15

• Type of File: text/tab-separated-values

UNF:6:kufSY06cIiaNcjC1RCXs7A==

Two-period panel data set with district-level popular vote on PR in 1910 and 1918 and controls from population census.

• wahlkreis - Electoral district (Wahlkreis) ID
• district - District name
• province - Province name
• prvote_yes - Legislative vote for PR (1918)
• tariff1902_yes - Legislative vote for tariff (1902)
• pop1890log - Population, log (1890)
• religfrac1890
• landgini1895 - Gini land inequality (1895)
• skill_ratio - Skill ratio
• region - Region ID
• knum - Nummer Kanton
• bnum - Number district (Bezirk)
• bnam - Name of district (Bezirk)
• protectionism - Vote for Protectionism (1903)
• pr10 - Vote for PR (1910)
• pr18 - Vote for PR (1918)
• V_bundesbank1897
• V_constitution1897
• V_food1897
• V_railroad1898
• V_const_art64_1898
• V_const_art64bis_1898
• V_socialins1900
• V_election_bundesrat1900
• V_schools1902
• V_food1906
• V_military1907
• f1_other_votes_until1902 - Other popular votes: 1st dim. factor score
• V_sd - Other popular votes: average endorsed SD
• pop1900log - Population 1900 (logged)
• french1900 - French speakers 1900 (share)
• german1900 - German speakers 1900 (share)
• protestant1900 - Protestants 1900 (share)
• ethnofrac1900 - Language fractionalization (1900)
• religfrac1900 - Religious fractionalization (1900)
• sector11900 - Agricultural workforce 1900 (share)
• sector21900 - Industry 1900 (share)
• pop1910log - Population 1910 (logged)
• french1910 - French speakers 1910 (share)
• german1910 - German speakers 1910 (share)
• protestant1910 - Protestants 1910 (share)
• ethnofrac1910 - Language fractionalization (1910)
• religfrac1910 - Religious fractionalization (1910)
• sector11910 - Agricultural workforce 1910 (share)
• sector21910 - Industry 1910 (share)
• pop1920log - Population 1920 (logged)
• french1920 - French speakers 1920 (share)
• german1920 - German speakers 1920 (share)
• protestant1920 - Protestants 1920 (share)
• ethnofrac1920 - Language fractionalization (1920)
• religfrac1920 - Religious fractionalization (1920)
• sector11920 - Agricultural workforce 1920 (share)
• sector21920 - Industry 1920 (share)
• lgini - Land inequality (Gini)
• meadowspasture - Land pasture (share)
• mfsize - Average farm size (ha.)
• I_afood - Industry: Food
• I_bclothes - Industry: Clothes
• I_cbuild - Industry: Building
• I_dtext - Industry: Textiles
• I_epaplk - Industry: Paper
• I_fchem - Industry: Chemicals
• I_gmetall - Industry: Metal
• I_hprint - Industry: Print
• I_iwaten - Industry: Water
• I_kinst - Industry: Institutionalized
• I_women - Industry: Women
• S_voc - Skills: Vocational training
• Kanton - Canton (Kanton) ID
• BFS_1999_BZNR - District (Bezrik) ID
• BFS_1999_GENR - Municipal (Gemeinde) ID
• Gemeindename - Municipality name
• protectionism - Vote for Protectionism (1903)
• pr10 - Vote for PR (1910)
• total_votes - Total valid votes in PR referendum
• knum - Nummer Kanton
• bnum - District ID
• bnum2 - RECODE of bnum
• bnam - District name
• year - Year vote
• pr - Vote for PR
• sector1 - Agricultural workforce
• sector2 - Industrial workforce
• poplog - Population (logged)
• french - French speakers (share)
• german - German speakers (share)
• protestant - Protestants (share)
• ethnofrac - Language fractionalization
• religfrac - Religious fractionalization
• agricgr_pre - Growth sector1 1900 to 1910

f10991570 Location:

Summary Statistics: Mean 199.0; Min. 1.0; Valid 397.0; Max. 397.0; StDev 114.748275223058

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:HVan1Brar/2NodIUmt0AwA==

f10991570 Location:

Variable Format: character

Notes: UNF:6:X1fz/3reyym3Y+QrI5M9kg==

f10991570 Location:

Variable Format: character

Notes: UNF:6:W0W2452oqVRSUbsXhglGwg==

f10991570 Location:

Summary Statistics: Valid 284.0; Mean 0.5528169014084506; StDev 0.4980802242805262; Max. 1.0; Min. 0.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:nqNQEjtrOHF1Cc1zgRE2ew==

f10991570 Location:

Summary Statistics: Valid 302.0; StDev 0.4713993349082813; Min. 0.0; Max. 1.0; Mean 0.6688741721854303;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:v5DDsIYo7jec4ZjYPLUY9g==

f10991570 Location:

Summary Statistics: Valid 397.0; Min. 10.575488090515137; StDev 0.3046519108762241; Max. 13.096516609191895; Mean 11.681393140509387

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:dPQbX88FQXcuTbcgZH5n8Q==

f10991570 Location:

Summary Statistics: StDev 0.1765371626208899; Max. 0.549016; Min. 0.005981999999999932; Valid 397.0; Mean 0.2210410176322418

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:kwFubOP1jjrlGWdqtzA1CA==

f10991570 Location:

Summary Statistics: Valid 397.0; Min. 0.4571944773197174; StDev 0.120010901250317; Max. 0.9450023770332336; Mean 0.7263351324523423

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:CsS60sp/XDoW1Bnavm+Btw==

f10991570 Location:

Summary Statistics: Mean 0.593009611371182; Valid 397.0; Min. 0.4650063216686249; Max. 0.7323980331420898; StDev 0.037858835593617544;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:NAp547acM7J+t32fN2XJxw==

f10991570 Location:

Summary Statistics: Max. 9.0; StDev 2.444909897790689; Min. 1.0; Mean 3.110831234256932; Valid 397.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:ohzU9L82CmkQs4IY5NfYFA==

f10991573 Location:

Summary Statistics: Valid 183.0; Mean 13.39890710382516; Min. 1.0; StDev 8.116554708586447; Max. 25.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:HjFYBxt6O1JDYvm5kbFnCw==

f10991573 Location:

Summary Statistics: Valid 183.0; StDev 810.6892492029199; Max. 2500.0; Min. 101.0; Mean 1346.860655737704

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:fCwk7+20Hb9ttBWvQOflhw==

f10991573 Location:

Variable Format: character

Notes: UNF:6:MfPvF9laBWugRCy2IHJBCQ==

f10991573 Location:

Summary Statistics: Mean 0.6423580216376182; Valid 183.0; StDev 0.23084371320503771; Min. 0.03410421684384346; Max. 0.977135956287384;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:mbzaGEZDTxVpzab/jucUAQ==

f10991573 Location:

Summary Statistics: Mean 0.443871127533131; Valid 183.0; StDev 0.20698613285614245; Min. 0.07916666567325592; Max. 0.9779338240623474;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:VyfN1cjuXdiF8XFFnMLm/Q==

f10991573 Location:

Summary Statistics: Valid 183.0; Mean 0.6361482723977397; StDev 0.20213438697424135; Min. 0.12958963215351105; Max. 0.9530386924743652;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:sjbDN+N9PZU4gps3q6XSPA==

f10991573 Location:

Summary Statistics: StDev 0.25986472691467416; Mean 0.40161128183368766; Min. 0.007965242490172386; Valid 183.0; Max. 0.9121286869049072

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:7YTnIXHpQfMjnPCORKPiUw==

f10991573 Location:

Summary Statistics: StDev 0.21549212035891788; Max. 0.949623167514801; Min. 0.0670769214630127; Mean 0.6156952422661859; Valid 183.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:0BM+lZFznlKwD+Z9sMGLjw==

f10991573 Location:

Summary Statistics: Min. 0.06769230961799622; Valid 183.0; Max. 0.9495466947555542; StDev 0.20662295317020551; Mean 0.6360903843178777

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:kqmQ1WojvkZ64LCKS5PYcw==

f10991573 Location:

Summary Statistics: Min. 0.01150442473590374; StDev 0.2521735855360368; Max. 0.9713199734687805; Valid 183.0; Mean 0.6365239719855168;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:x6Wr98rC2bLSSA+myKzfAg==

f10991573 Location:

Summary Statistics: Min. 0.06045589596033096; Max. 0.9762202501296997; Mean 0.6931952152177285; StDev 0.2246823421586246; Valid 183.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:b+5yySUqT/fAEmNbp6PJ9A==

f10991573 Location:

Summary Statistics: Mean 0.6953327844703132; Max. 0.9748427867889404; StDev 0.22333092843529304; Min. 0.0505952388048172; Valid 183.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:7kJpb0adNg6aYdyqTvnhIQ==

f10991573 Location:

Summary Statistics: Min. 0.009693053551018238; Valid 183.0; Max. 0.6938421726226807; Mean 0.2619277370706852; StDev 0.16006419578684403;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:S7qkr69DHVVqlaIU37jXzw==

f10991573 Location:

Summary Statistics: Mean 0.34915483256425367; Valid 183.0; Min. 0.03536345809698105; Max. 0.9498479962348938; StDev 0.2308653353368178

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:0BUYGiFUzuVg+Ex1j6a4uw==

f10991573 Location:

Summary Statistics: Max. 0.9650698900222778; StDev 0.1642097955257074; Min. 0.1310344785451889; Mean 0.7624072117395088; Valid 183.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:o2R9k1iSJwccgQqFO8sidg==

f10991573 Location:

Summary Statistics: Max. 0.9769999980926514; StDev 0.20782263234760548; Valid 183.0; Mean 0.7022102664280784; Min. 0.0455097071826458

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:H2UcsMIhCZIAE/MPMhYF0A==

f10991573 Location:

Summary Statistics: Max. 0.9308642148971558; Mean 0.5493518748407156; Min. 0.06846240162849426; Valid 183.0; StDev 0.17786896682467668

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:M+M+M7HCE3rOrkKqlGfJhw==

f10991573 Location:

Summary Statistics: Mean 2.709996756447821E-10; Max. 1.349830985069275; StDev 0.999999989057929; Min. -2.8183248043060303; Valid 183.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:uZluJUIFCPU09s7HWWfOoA==

f10991573 Location:

Summary Statistics: Mean 0.5519810340932159; Min. 0.15691909193992615; StDev 0.12910505177506892; Max. 0.7963746190071106; Valid 183.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:C0MnCyuWxgoVHZTGozbCbw==

f10991573 Location:

Summary Statistics: Min. 7.3165483474731445; StDev 0.7336612448008746; Mean 9.508119916655327; Max. 12.083571434020996; Valid 183.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:7d2noSAlm44CjWAdQNgyLg==

f10991573 Location:

Summary Statistics: Valid 183.0; Max. 0.9976955056190491; Mean 0.22546114892170152; Min. 0.0; StDev 0.38009172324673324

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:+xReMK3+4bj8agUYIsRK6Q==

f10991573 Location:

Summary Statistics: Max. 0.9988138675689697; StDev 0.4200418394096286; Mean 0.664752978672811; Min. 8.51154385600239E-4; Valid 183.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:GwBIPASy2B+DUQ5G/DzEhw==

f10991573 Location:

Summary Statistics: Max. 0.9973540306091309; Mean 0.5372853254567154; Valid 183.0; Min. 1.4402995293494314E-4; StDev 0.3959456347307168;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:nIZvovUlLpIvklMB4xIZLg==

f10991573 Location:

Summary Statistics: Mean 0.10703958660018091; Max. 0.4994908571243286; Min. 0.0023698173463344574; Valid 183.0; StDev 0.12223894439944764;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:0677Sxe4tHVECts+G0TeRQ==

f10991573 Location:

Summary Statistics: Valid 183.0; StDev 0.15344199381902796; Max. 0.521540641784668; Mean 0.18786190934030755; Min. 2.8796817059628665E-4

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:K46MPW7QrvTmtXZbYIqZ8Q==

f10991573 Location:

Summary Statistics: Min. 0.02616230584681034; Valid 183.0; Max. 0.8927156329154968; Mean 0.4282938874952617; StDev 0.19953443724885395

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:NlfZqLG5flZg41LtjjK9sQ==

f10991573 Location:

Summary Statistics: Min. 0.07284364849328995; Mean 0.4199043935765334; Max. 0.7660716772079468; Valid 183.0; StDev 0.17049455296174784

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:Jk9/xI+erIgJ4ORcBYGcQA==

f10991573 Location:

Summary Statistics: Max. 12.335744857788086; Min. 7.367076873779297; Valid 183.0; StDev 0.769103422106635; Mean 9.595867964739357;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:eaZocE9cVWHFLS0G39ajIw==

f10991573 Location:

Summary Statistics: Valid 183.0; StDev 0.37427845266041737; Max. 0.994870126247406; Mean 0.22420821080678985; Min. 3.2459627254866064E-4;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:KUY397vYIE7pmXiSglgOyA==

f10991573 Location:

Summary Statistics: Mean 0.6548028547307881; Min. 0.0015997440787032247; Valid 183.0; StDev 0.4076548016520691; Max. 0.9983818531036377

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:5bQdZJ5fRnFzhS/bOtZMPw==

f10991573 Location:

Summary Statistics: Min. 0.0018856065580621362; Max. 0.9964041709899902; Valid 183.0; StDev 0.3823367152781466; Mean 0.5290190963566944;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:FnEvyBfVawPR67FN0nezDA==

f10991573 Location:

Summary Statistics: Mean 0.13656446466710973; Max. 0.5001258850097656; Min. 0.003232107497751713; Valid 183.0; StDev 0.1253748533485209

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:0maNxbaC7vwlbYZ7+TcYvQ==

f10991573 Location:

Summary Statistics: Mean 0.21508900114828775; StDev 0.15770519920888623; Max. 0.5446128249168396; Valid 183.0; Min. 0.004333126824349165;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:m2y/Yni4E1WnHTTcjBKA3w==

f10991573 Location:

Summary Statistics: Mean 0.3885995263508597; StDev 0.19498607228828702; Min. 0.019337017089128494; Valid 183.0; Max. 0.8628985285758972

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:Tqr3cf1m5vMOGHZmiKUZAw==

f10991573 Location:

Summary Statistics: Max. 0.774426281452179; Valid 183.0; StDev 0.17238021236242212; Min. 0.07407407462596893; Mean 0.425613851576555

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:8xxkCouLz7/rR5hAsS/M2Q==

f10991573 Location:

Summary Statistics: Max. 12.423463821411133; StDev 0.7825675108725616; Mean 9.610537398708322; Valid 183.0; Min. 7.362010478973389;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:KrO1p+bPCIbDVagGHhO4jA==

f10991573 Location:

Summary Statistics: Mean 0.22521601920938528; StDev 0.37680372015201696; Max. 0.9967570304870605; Valid 183.0; Min. 1.4098406245466322E-4;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:CCfZANyGQuO1SYp1ZCf2rQ==

f10991573 Location:

Summary Statistics: Min. 0.002464651595801115; Max. 0.9966780543327332; StDev 0.4138802380876643; Mean 0.6694408321786222; Valid 183.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:3XMAB/K2SNjROQvywH0nLA==

f10991573 Location:

Summary Statistics: StDev 0.3790299066956982; Mean 0.5380609398453289; Max. 0.9912910461425781; Valid 183.0; Min. 6.891798693686724E-4

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:lF2DfmxTMiw5VWJqquCmXg==

f10991573 Location:

Summary Statistics: Min. 0.006468741688877344; Mean 0.11420893097357425; Max. 0.5018344521522522; Valid 183.0; StDev 0.12011782575650011

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:p+tRch8JfSQtjWfBhRSXpw==

f10991573 Location:

Summary Statistics: Mean 0.2196777675624; StDev 0.15327997076609007; Min. 0.0024739818181842566; Valid 183.0; Max. 0.5543752312660217

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:UfOOJhxGudR5M56l68olMg==

f10991573 Location:

Summary Statistics: Valid 183.0; Max. 0.8449351787567139; Min. 0.014570966362953186; Mean 0.3892514420052369; StDev 0.19656000980302551;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:qmQYIgnqU77GzPq7Kn0/YQ==

f10991573 Location:

Summary Statistics: Max. 0.7332289218902588; Valid 183.0; Min. 0.06385021656751633; StDev 0.16953785996596532; Mean 0.41013992972712704

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:uA9wy7hXzBKpyY7CseXuBA==

f10991573 Location:

Summary Statistics: Mean 0.5166620409581398; Valid 183.0; Min. 0.27887925053883; Max. 0.852890515109596; StDev 0.15073393718801842;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:wY5Ak5PjmIPGFQTuCAP/bg==

f10991573 Location:

Summary Statistics: Mean 0.7245411988390054; StDev 0.1618504787001914; Min. 0.35040601975231234; Max. 0.9984272361424988; Valid 183.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:Qd7FKpNCwnjMubqkzrv4Yw==

f10991573 Location:

Summary Statistics: Max. 51.36244541484716; Mean 9.221365242664238; Valid 183.0; Min. 2.5098674618952947; StDev 6.191148912079009;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:vjxcXwCb0IBI7Hu4UfE+xw==

f10991573 Location:

Summary Statistics: Valid 183.0; Mean 0.10242657799566386; Min. 0.017929015733626052; Max. 0.5503154574132492; StDev 0.07485615444157374

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:ZoDifeaMbTs3mAYGNko3WQ==

f10991573 Location:

Summary Statistics: Min. 0.038885664538595474; Valid 183.0; Max. 0.6144742831133364; Mean 0.16679390824774254; StDev 0.08572996218897552;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:UQydYTV4kxdxBC8OKVMBIA==

f10991573 Location:

Summary Statistics: Max. 0.8405349794238683; Min. 0.06906558328496808; Mean 0.34862335701336; Valid 183.0; StDev 0.17482844839344186;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:1bF1vu7jEV3b1YVQHzqm/w==

f10991573 Location:

Summary Statistics: Min. 0.0; StDev 0.23507988383871378; Valid 183.0; Mean 0.18597099345179208; Max. 0.8013136288998358

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:wXzFAINUAE/R2ZRCpM7oeg==

f10991573 Location:

Summary Statistics: Mean 0.008936538453970385; Min. 0.0; StDev 0.021262747317622857; Max. 0.1622088006902502; Valid 183.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:rKpPoTMSQTwgJMRj6d/Ttw==

f10991573 Location:

Summary Statistics: Max. 0.24714828897338403; StDev 0.03493957242835032; Valid 183.0; Min. 0.0; Mean 0.012729638790893722;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:5xAP3BoWNTHkLD8/iTx/cg==

f10991573 Location:

Summary Statistics: Min. 0.011945007888212756; Max. 0.704772475027747; Mean 0.14561354148046185; StDev 0.16833890909312169; Valid 183.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:HLwA36tMbE/dBut61xngTg==

f10991573 Location:

Summary Statistics: Mean 0.017200635726179976; Min. 0.0; Max. 0.28198695434019067; Valid 183.0; StDev 0.027822073932425393;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:8tF6t+9SY7nj512S/c/UDA==

f10991573 Location:

Summary Statistics: StDev 0.013595560210635824; Max. 0.09820193637621023; Min. 0.0; Mean 0.008786079805213296; Valid 183.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:47aOKsHT8CjJsjILpEGcLw==

f10991573 Location:

Summary Statistics: Valid 183.0; Max. 0.11868484362469928; StDev 0.010622394807155395; Min. 0.0; Mean 0.0029456624015727095;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:gOIqoiGfcZGzAdhz1/+sqw==

f10991573 Location:

Summary Statistics: Min. 0.06278026905829596; Valid 183.0; StDev 0.13131533326848574; Mean 0.3141352485463448; Max. 0.7178273608293892

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:6fXxFW0SE0XKneu3MQsBFA==

f10991573 Location:

Summary Statistics: Mean 0.39770001772154406; Max. 0.48445634736573817; StDev 0.037997767338065994; Min. 0.2579494029392775; Valid 183.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:gGrCnaMceUXzS1GAcr0yLg==

f10991571 Location:

Summary Statistics: Valid 2913.0; Mean 14.286302780638689; StDev 8.272140277268626; Min. 1.0; Max. 27.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:vUHbRucYO/POUqPBnwjuWg==

f10991571 Location:

Summary Statistics: Max. 2700.0; Min. 101.0; Valid 2913.0; Mean 1435.1647785787768; StDev 826.2928628693393;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:IwBT/CjCo27TY8Gf+n5PKw==

f10991571 Location:

Summary Statistics: Min. 1.0; Valid 2913.0; Max. 7011.0; StDev 2096.0141906703902; Mean 3446.854788877382

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:b9xtucCZ4soYCTLV6/ax5g==

f10991571 Location:

Variable Format: character

Notes: UNF:6:X0LyO9Ym9PI6GxCE0wTp+Q==

f10991571 Location:

Summary Statistics: Max. 1.0; Mean 0.6763403786567052; StDev 0.2813022539390941; Min. 0.0; Valid 2405.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:mMYR+kEFK4sjtzGUAK6zHQ==

f10991571 Location:

Summary Statistics: Max. 1.0; Min. 0.0; StDev 0.2854369099956124; Valid 2141.0; Mean 0.43004416601731504

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:HT3kTlSMDEWgz6lzbinW7w==

f10991571 Location:

Summary Statistics: Max. 24138.0; Min. 4.0; StDev 743.3650646119967; Mean 205.90602910602817; Valid 2405.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:3DryLzOGI/X5ZO8QWVXteQ==

f10991574 Location:

Summary Statistics: Valid 366.0; Max. 25.0; Min. 1.0; StDev 8.105428514584858; Mean 13.39890710382513;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:fuI9WG6hSpYm8CrA70gMug==

f10991574 Location:

Summary Statistics: Min. 101.0; Mean 1346.8606557377052; Valid 366.0; Max. 2500.0; StDev 809.5779543018842

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:A0of4zMeccp3nx25IdzyDQ==

f10991574 Location:

Summary Statistics: StDev 793.7388143257003; Min. 101.0; Max. 2500.0; Mean 1394.0983606557356; Valid 366.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:p9NS3bhgitlTjWndQ2jhlw==

f10991574 Location:

Variable Format: character

Notes: UNF:6:TDQA7U1C3Er4x8vpGOxUeQ==

f10991574 Location:

Summary Statistics: Valid 366.0; StDev 4.005475704137819; Max. 1918.0; Mean 1914.0; Min. 1910.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:FRZES1+R6fTPFyopcblQew==

f10991574 Location:

Summary Statistics: Min. 0.07916666567325592; StDev 0.2258408122585875; Max. 0.9779338240623474; Valid 366.0; Mean 0.5400096999654354

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:7I7n2bNRseCp2iIV6u/SnA==

f10991574 Location:

Summary Statistics: Max. 0.8628985285758972; StDev 0.19550652688446407; Valid 366.0; Min. 0.014570966362953186; Mean 0.3889254841780484;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:KVzhoYAIU6gpFv2rVgtFxQ==

f10991574 Location:

Summary Statistics: Mean 0.417876890651841; Max. 0.774426281452179; Valid 366.0; Min. 0.06385021656751633; StDev 0.1709062809539854;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:qgUrpO8NrqvJo1665GXfVA==

f10991574 Location:

Summary Statistics: Valid 366.0; StDev 0.774835927829532; Max. 12.423463821411133; Min. 7.362010478973389; Mean 9.60320268172384

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:b5IJJ+E/zqXxf8UNPkdoYQ==

f10991574 Location:

Summary Statistics: Valid 366.0; Mean 0.22471211500808722; StDev 0.3750287528635006; Max. 0.9967570304870605; Min. 1.4098406245466322E-4

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:s9mREY7vBzW/GAWBP10/BA==

f10991574 Location:

Summary Statistics: Valid 366.0; Max. 0.9983818531036377; Mean 0.6621218434547048; StDev 0.41028168172076646; Min. 0.0015997440787032247;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:1RDmaQl1slCc1mA5dGM63w==

f10991574 Location:

Summary Statistics: Max. 0.9964041709899902; Mean 0.5335400181010118; Min. 6.891798693686724E-4; Valid 366.0; StDev 0.38019200905313194

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:rx9p0MqZdfRj2fwjh9UDIw==

f10991574 Location:

Summary Statistics: StDev 0.12311604395032578; Mean 0.125386697820342; Max. 0.5018344521522522; Min. 0.003232107497751713; Valid 366.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:SnLdSWYTqjOsiRpezZz59A==

f10991574 Location:

Summary Statistics: Valid 366.0; Max. 0.5543752312660217; StDev 0.15531214990893505; Min. 0.0024739818181842566; Mean 0.21738338435534388;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:wFjwguAp8Q60vIumuSzpWg==

f10991574 Location:

Summary Statistics: StDev 0.11323199647707717; Mean -0.10836538168553345; Max. 0.36710894107818604; Valid 366.0; Min. -0.47388264536857605

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:jzZikwbzHbQ73UYjp9NBaA==

Label:

an_panel_votes.do

Text:

Stata code file

application/x-stata-syntax

Label:

an_Reichstag.do

Text:

Stata code file

application/x-stata-syntax

Label:

an_votes.do

Text:

Stata code file

application/x-stata-syntax

Label:

an_votes_muni.do

Text:

Stata code file

application/x-stata-syntax

Label:

CodebookTradeElectoralReform.pdf

application/pdf

Label:

ReadMe.txt

Text:

README for the replication package.

text/plain