Replication data for: Speak Softly and Carry a Big Stick? Veterans in the Policy Making Elite and the American Use of Force (doi:10.7910/DVN/RRNIDP)

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Part 1: Document Description
Part 2: Study Description
Part 3: Data Files Description
Part 4: Variable Description
Part 5: Other Study-Related Materials
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Document Description

Citation

Title:

Replication data for: Speak Softly and Carry a Big Stick? Veterans in the Policy Making Elite and the American Use of Force

Identification Number:

doi:10.7910/DVN/RRNIDP

Distributor:

Harvard Dataverse

Date of Distribution:

2007-11-28

Version:

1

Bibliographic Citation:

Christopher Gelpi; Peter Feaver, 2007, "Replication data for: Speak Softly and Carry a Big Stick? Veterans in the Policy Making Elite and the American Use of Force", https://doi.org/10.7910/DVN/RRNIDP, Harvard Dataverse, V1, UNF:3:mFShltO+HtkRhGz0bIjnxA== [fileUNF]

Study Description

Citation

Title:

Replication data for: Speak Softly and Carry a Big Stick? Veterans in the Policy Making Elite and the American Use of Force

Identification Number:

doi:10.7910/DVN/RRNIDP

Authoring Entity:

Christopher Gelpi (Duke University)

Peter Feaver (Duke University)

Producer:

Christopher Gelpi

Date of Production:

2002

Distributor:

Harvard Dataverse

Distributor:

Harvard Dataverse

Date of Deposit:

2007

Date of Distribution:

2007

Holdings Information:

https://doi.org/10.7910/DVN/RRNIDP

Study Scope

Keywords:

Social Sciences

Abstract:

Other research has shown (1) that civilians and the military differ in their views about when and how to use military force; (2) that the opinions of veterans track more closely with military officers than with civilians who never served in the military; and (3) that U.S. civil–military relations shaped Cold War policy debates. We assess whether this opinion gap “matters” for the actual conduct of American foreign policy. We examine the impact of the presence of veterans in the U.S. political elite on the propensity to initiate and escalate militarized interstate disputes between 1816 and 1992. As the percentage of veterans serving in the executive branch and the legislature increases, the probability that the United States will initiate militarized disputes declines. Once a dispute has been initiated, however, the higher the proportion of veterans, the greater the level of force the United States will use in the dispute.

Time Period:

1816-1992

Methodology and Processing

Sources Statement

Data Access

Notes:

<a href="http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0">CC0 1.0</a>

Other Study Description Materials

Related Publications

Citation

Title:

Gelpi, C., & Feaver, P. (2002). Speak Softly and Carry a Big Stick? Veterans in the Political Elite and the American Use of Force. American Political Science Review, 96(4), 779-793.

Identification Number:

10.1017/S000305540200045X

Bibliographic Citation:

Gelpi, C., & Feaver, P. (2002). Speak Softly and Carry a Big Stick? Veterans in the Political Elite and the American Use of Force. American Political Science Review, 96(4), 779-793.

File Description--f110327

File: Bigstick.tab

  • Number of cases: 8780

  • No. of variables per record: 35

  • Type of File: text/tab-separated-values

Notes:

UNF:3:mFShltO+HtkRhGz0bIjnxA==

Data file for this study

Variable Description

List of Variables:
  • ccode1 - US country code
  • ccode2 - Target country code
  • year - Year
  • initiate - US initiates MID
  • target - US is target of MID
  • dyddisp - US Challenger or Target of MID
  • hostlev1 - Maximum Hostility by US
  • elitevet - Pct. Veterans in Cabinet and House
  • pctvetmi - Pct. Veterans in Public (Interpolated Values)
  • lnprevdead - Ln of US Dead in Previous War
  • capbalnc01 - Balance of Capabilities 0-1 Scale
  • capbalnc - Balance of Capabilities 0-.5 Scale
  • majpow1 - US is a Major Power
  • majpow2 - Target is a Major Power
  • globtaub - Global Tau-b Alliance Similarity
  • lndist - Ln of Distance
  • distance - Distance from US to Target
  • coldwar - Cold War Years 1946-1989
  • othdisin - Other Disputes Initiated by US
  • netdem2 - Net Democracy Score of Target
  • _pcyr0 - Temporal dummy, peaceyrs=0
  • _pcyr1 - Temporal dummy, peaceyrs=1
  • _pcyr2 - Temporal dummy, peaceyrs=2
  • _pcyr3 - Temporal dummy, peaceyrs=3
  • _pcyr4 - Temporal dummy, peaceyrs=4
  • evetiny - Elite Veterans X Interventionist Target
  • tiny - Interventionist Target
  • contig4 - COW Contiguity Score
  • hostlev2 - Maximum Hostility by Target
  • pinitall - Prob. US Initiation (Selection Parameter)
  • midnum - MID Number
  • totodis - Total Other US Dispute Involvement
  • peaceyrs - Time since last initiate
  • repadmin - Republican Administration
  • demadmin - Democratic Administration

Variables

US country code

f110327 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:3:IUthnYnWZeis6PYKhkIubg==

Target country code

f110327 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:3:eeSV433y73/zoZWXFJzyMw==

Year

f110327 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:3:81B7601T7B9aBO7v5MVxSQ==

US initiates MID

f110327 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:3:o7uiYJhXJpRede+W2z8e6Q==

US is target of MID

f110327 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:3:FJpw35rp0t0Fi31F/F7dXw==

US Challenger or Target of MID

f110327 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:3:BjOsjDhAJdZhrdQjqtayAA==

Maximum Hostility by US

f110327 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:3:rDK/cv/8l1CwYRn/QMRA8w==

Pct. Veterans in Cabinet and House

f110327 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:3:n/vyvtv7frNRr3+gYRhYWw==

Pct. Veterans in Public (Interpolated Values)

f110327 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:3:SGdwGvJzfWmUtzsYb6WEKQ==

Ln of US Dead in Previous War

f110327 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:3:+OJ6Oa7XRe3naX9vEFt6qg==

Balance of Capabilities 0-1 Scale

f110327 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:3:37Iu6K4VPUZ9FZU6a3j6/A==

Balance of Capabilities 0-.5 Scale

f110327 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:3:axvsuccQ2/pEF/WDTH3Sig==

US is a Major Power

f110327 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:3:FhqY4G6zT/pmOCeoJNcJ+g==

Target is a Major Power

f110327 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:3:8OtIbfkB7tALl0vulOhFLA==

Global Tau-b Alliance Similarity

f110327 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:3:qGZ+XT/Qw73mUzT+y8yOHQ==

Ln of Distance

f110327 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:3:sVDzeuSrzKow6pxUGHUgqg==

Distance from US to Target

f110327 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:3:Fm9FwDjv91MTSa0FB2Fq8w==

Cold War Years 1946-1989

f110327 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:3:6Z0UIKiCq2DRi8dcxja6ng==

Other Disputes Initiated by US

f110327 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:3:DxRTVXgWrCqyjH4yPfc/yw==

Net Democracy Score of Target

f110327 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:3:ZNDPglWPZA9hRnLz6MXqpw==

Temporal dummy, peaceyrs=0

f110327 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:3:wNqgYDrLFNuhNIVwmxvLug==

Temporal dummy, peaceyrs=1

f110327 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:3:U5+/qW+4OVtVIBYdFuRYUA==

Temporal dummy, peaceyrs=2

f110327 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:3:NnvZ3PiMo2gl0UzfCkL/mg==

Temporal dummy, peaceyrs=3

f110327 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:3:IQOVI8U54q1K+OXXWiwPtw==

Temporal dummy, peaceyrs=4

f110327 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:3:d1KYSzKt/wg62vrJgJV50w==

Elite Veterans X Interventionist Target

f110327 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:3:/5NBjXeJDmkORscaRwFAKQ==

Interventionist Target

f110327 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:3:g2n4sArIh87yGxjuY75eUA==

COW Contiguity Score

f110327 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:3:ASTabC7tTm8h9Lmn4Pwrgg==

Maximum Hostility by Target

f110327 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:3:jxXpc96t3iOaXj+wj3ALPw==

Prob. US Initiation (Selection Parameter)

f110327 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:3:Yk7dcCxuYlaTi/C+xCsK4Q==

MID Number

f110327 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:3:wg6XRmhYb9B2DrO27tc29g==

Total Other US Dispute Involvement

f110327 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:3:4UdzmaEYbd8zpj4L4PfqoQ==

Time since last initiate

f110327 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:3:IZQjoVUgiFveDr/1OSr4ow==

Republican Administration

f110327 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:3:IcbotUjOwxwWlc6TlRB+Jg==

Democratic Administration

f110327 Location:

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:3:J0uMpMcjceEaHrVtjbLIRw==

Other Study-Related Materials

Label:

Bigstick.log

Text:

Log file for this study

Notes:

text/plain; charset=US-ASCII

Other Study-Related Materials

Label:

Bigstick.readme.pdf

Text:

Documentation for this study

Notes:

application/pdf

Other Study-Related Materials

Label:

Bigstick.zip

Text:

Zip file containing data for this study in original formats

Notes:

application/x-zip-compressed