Replication Data for: Until the Bitter End? The Diffusion of Surrender Across Battles (doi:10.7910/DVN/S3K4RH)

View:

Part 1: Document Description
Part 2: Study Description
Part 3: Data Files Description
Part 4: Variable Description
Part 5: Other Study-Related Materials
Entire Codebook

(external link)

Document Description

Citation

Title:

Replication Data for: Until the Bitter End? The Diffusion of Surrender Across Battles

Identification Number:

doi:10.7910/DVN/S3K4RH

Distributor:

Harvard Dataverse

Date of Distribution:

2019-01-28

Version:

1

Bibliographic Citation:

Lehmann, Todd C.; Zhukov, Yuri M., 2019, "Replication Data for: Until the Bitter End? The Diffusion of Surrender Across Battles", https://doi.org/10.7910/DVN/S3K4RH, Harvard Dataverse, V1, UNF:6:tMoqtHP9N35hF3yyHsUWIg== [fileUNF]

Study Description

Citation

Title:

Replication Data for: Until the Bitter End? The Diffusion of Surrender Across Battles

Identification Number:

doi:10.7910/DVN/S3K4RH

Authoring Entity:

Lehmann, Todd C. (University of Michigan)

Zhukov, Yuri M. (University of Michigan)

Distributor:

Harvard Dataverse

Access Authority:

Zhukov, Yuri M.

Depositor:

Lee, Cathy

Date of Deposit:

2019-01-26

Holdings Information:

https://doi.org/10.7910/DVN/S3K4RH

Study Scope

Keywords:

Social Sciences

Abstract:

Why do armies sometimes surrender to the enemy and sometimes fight to the bitter end? Existing research has highlighted the importance of battlefield resolve for the onset, conduct, and outcome of war, but has left these life-and-death decisions mostly unexplained. We know little about why battle-level surrender occurs, and why it stops. In this paper, we argue that surrender emerges from a collective-action problem: success in battle requires that soldiers choose to fight as a unit rather than flee, but individual decisions to fight depend on whether soldiers expect their comrades to do the same. Surrender becomes contagious across battles because soldiers take cues from what other soldiers did when they were in a similar position. Where no recent precedent exists, mass surrender is unlikely. We find empirical support for this claim using a new data set of conventional battles in all interstate wars from 1939 to 2011. These findings advance our understanding of battlefield resolve, with broader implications for the design of political-military institutions and decisions to initiate, continue, and terminate war.

Methodology and Processing

Sources Statement

Data Access

Notes:

<a href="http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0">CC0 1.0</a>

Other Study Description Materials

Related Publications

Citation

Title:

Lehmann, Todd C., and Yuri M. Zhukov. 2019. “Until the Bitter End? The Diffusion of Surrender Across Battles.” International Organization 73 (1): 133–69.

Identification Number:

10.1017/S0020818318000358

Bibliographic Citation:

Lehmann, Todd C., and Yuri M. Zhukov. 2019. “Until the Bitter End? The Diffusion of Surrender Across Battles.” International Organization 73 (1): 133–69.

File Description--f3347622

File: battles_IO.tab

  • Number of cases: 1723

  • No. of variables per record: 109

  • Type of File: text/tab-separated-values

Notes:

UNF:6:VC+5Zo861ef+VMC8yXDzIQ==

File Description--f3347620

File: RobustCheck_DiscountRate.tab

  • Number of cases: 1000

  • No. of variables per record: 13

  • Type of File: text/tab-separated-values

Notes:

UNF:6:6QvNaXr5+LMN/+Tu5WMViw==

Variable Description

List of Variables:

Variables

BATTLE_ID

f3347622 Location:

Summary Statistics: Mean 290.33604178757867; StDev 174.78515504748646; Max. 597.0; Min. 1.0; Valid 1723.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:F/rVdFCAlEBIWbLzLBrvEQ==

code

f3347622 Location:

Summary Statistics: Min. 2.0; Valid 1721.0; StDev 2241.02945825083; Max. 9958.0; Mean 1296.8425334108163

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:y6w/4G+WQzhxiSaYMXB1NA==

COW.number

f3347622 Location:

Summary Statistics: StDev 271.78536250147727; Valid 1519.0; Mean 299.5339038841304; Min. 139.0; Max. 1581.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:d2LtWoxgOZ0Na+wLMw1Vzw==

conflict

f3347622 Location:

Variable Format: character

Notes: UNF:6:kv8IwgqBvElaHvjFG7v3iQ==

campaign

f3347622 Location:

Variable Format: character

Notes: UNF:6:khG7d2rd16lnXrvl3Hb94g==

battle.operation

f3347622 Location:

Variable Format: character

Notes: UNF:6:gbrc00rTdsDDwpOP0F278g==

WarType

f3347622 Location:

Variable Format: character

Notes: UNF:6:nCYL7LZblNV7vm4XWvscMg==

end_date

f3347622 Location:

Summary Statistics: Max. 2.0111031E7; Valid 1716.0; StDev 235513.3327550256; Mean 1.966350366258742E7; Min. 1.9390919E7;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:t8paci083fRVzp0Z6fSNLg==

start_date

f3347622 Location:

Summary Statistics: StDev 236819.87648515822; Valid 1723.0; Mean 1.9664173070806727E7; Max. 2.0110319E7; Min. 1.9390901E7

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:DOTNRDJ5YwW4JVjRPu698A==

start_day

f3347622 Location:

Summary Statistics: StDev 8.984930416866865; Mean 14.626233313987234; Valid 1723.0; Min. 1.0; Max. 31.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:2kD7ZOQLCMjdW2UNRW4JjA==

start_month

f3347622 Location:

Summary Statistics: StDev 3.3853657795485628; Mean 6.471271038885664; Max. 12.0; Valid 1723.0; Min. 1.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:3WdStC6AXBY54L6qgBZerQ==

start_year

f3347622 Location:

Summary Statistics: Max. 2011.0; Mean 1966.351131746953; Valid 1723.0; Min. 1939.0; StDev 23.684268600658747

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:eA+v+X3aeP+UfYl207u6ZA==

end_day

f3347622 Location:

Summary Statistics: Mean 14.851398601398595; Valid 1716.0; StDev 9.366434291513174; Min. 1.0; Max. 31.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:CvOFSkQ53C55Q+zzAU32rg==

end_month

f3347622 Location:

Summary Statistics: Min. 1.0; StDev 3.4040202911346205; Mean 6.624708624708625; Max. 12.0; Valid 1716.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:b+qC7oBYUCAbRCJhfoipnA==

end_year

f3347622 Location:

Summary Statistics: Min. 1939.0; Mean 1966.579836829837; StDev 23.579010065278116; Valid 1716.0; Max. 2015.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:S4nmhkKuGaN+QOrDxr6ijg==

start_yrmo

f3347622 Location:

Summary Statistics: Min. 193909.0; Max. 201103.0; Mean 196641.58444573416; Valid 1723.0; StDev 2368.1908398453625;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:q/3fkjKzYOimkg82Zj45zw==

end_yrmo

f3347622 Location:

Summary Statistics: StDev 2355.1331816924394; Valid 1716.0; Max. 201110.0; Min. 193909.0; Mean 196634.88811188808

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:utG8kDEPPRwtfLB8qm4Z9w==

duration

f3347622 Location:

Summary Statistics: Mean 47.01689976689977; Min. 1.0; Max. 360.0; StDev 70.49565671093491; Valid 1716.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:6NlVio2KLj4wW5fBgRSJcA==

dplus

f3347622 Location:

Summary Statistics: Mean 1002.3000580383034; Min. 1.0; Max. 6272.0; StDev 1089.9732305714506; Valid 1723.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:w92OAADFPhjJQn4kJm7IOw==

winter

f3347622 Location:

Summary Statistics: Min. 0.0; Max. 1.0; Valid 1723.0; StDev 0.420846618635382; Mean 0.22983168891468397

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:GPbAR/lM+Mm7Lkozya7vEQ==

spring

f3347622 Location:

Summary Statistics: Mean 0.2820661636680209; StDev 0.4501360256776288; Max. 1.0; Min. 0.0; Valid 1723.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:9khtvKqmEnBwwcbtgQrKjg==

summer

f3347622 Location:

Summary Statistics: Valid 1723.0; Min. 0.0; Max. 1.0; StDev 0.4387679401733403; Mean 0.26001160766105647;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:iBUsgtD/oBjTrMYZlA558Q==

fall

f3347622 Location:

Summary Statistics: Valid 1723.0; Max. 1.0; Mean 0.22809053975623916; StDev 0.4197231111764441; Min. 0.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:W7Z2i5lH0+CzBVQGrSaDkQ==

start_tid

f3347622 Location:

Summary Statistics: Valid 1723.0; Min. 1.0; Max. 26133.0; StDev 8644.723813593788; Mean 9927.51131746962;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:6aBT3GvOagcVy5sLRv5eDQ==

end_tid

f3347622 Location:

Summary Statistics: Mean 9907.425990676134; Max. 26359.0; Valid 1716.0; Min. 19.0; StDev 8601.376123733038

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:RCkuRm4SoOw9fzL14zViQg==

initiator

f3347622 Location:

Summary Statistics: Mean 0.5554909936083673; Valid 1721.0; Min. 0.0; StDev 0.4970556389416724; Max. 1.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:xy2OU26cY17FO/RDt+4l2Q==

name

f3347622 Location:

Variable Format: character

Notes: UNF:6:wXEU2saEZFNBgx8Z3gEuAA==

size

f3347622 Location:

Summary Statistics: Min. 4.0; Valid 1023.0; Max. 3206000.0; Mean 77686.27859237514; StDev 233058.67649754722

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:MDy3CJ55lxBV3yiE+NqLXQ==

combined_total_casualties

f3347622 Location:

Summary Statistics: StDev 22745.25307101458; Max. 500000.0; Mean 2816.817179338319; Valid 1723.0; Min. 0.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:Pt3T9LQTMWR7+AwdF56b2w==

KIA_min

f3347622 Location:

Summary Statistics: Min. 0.0; Valid 787.0; Mean 5942.724269377393; StDev 27754.608533059203; Max. 458080.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:KhQYMrE8f80fLFbc9Ss+dw==

KIA_max

f3347622 Location:

Summary Statistics: Min. 0.0; StDev 31845.47296434457; Valid 788.0; Mean 6557.606598984749; Max. 458080.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:BXNZfr1xW6xgoD4m34lVFQ==

WIA_min

f3347622 Location:

Summary Statistics: Min. 0.0; Valid 645.0; Max. 1855605.0; Mean 10802.06511627904; StDev 83516.23669086801

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:Z/vZGUEbTsT8pkzXjKFDiQ==

WIA_max

f3347622 Location:

Summary Statistics: Mean 10900.43545878701; Min. 0.0; Valid 643.0; Max. 1855605.0; StDev 83661.08084709918;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:nMPcWxcBHSLUDKQLzttkeQ==

MIA_min

f3347622 Location:

Summary Statistics: Min. 0.0; Valid 715.0; Max. 60000.0; StDev 2829.371139608973; Mean 345.4237762237769

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:3HMJDNv5T8FPmSu85Qupeg==

MIA_max

f3347622 Location:

Summary Statistics: Min. 0.0; StDev 2916.201093467879; Max. 60000.0; Mean 360.6349650349689; Valid 715.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:81cSlQG90lB39MV2GyAy9Q==

POW_min

f3347622 Location:

Summary Statistics: Mean 13283.836686390601; Min. 0.0; Max. 1200000.0; Valid 845.0; StDev 77682.00506542645

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:LZKjjvpFKnnwfMcTgiZ3rw==

POW_max

f3347622 Location:

Summary Statistics: Valid 844.0; Max. 1200000.0; Min. 0.0; StDev 80023.1620112136; Mean 13829.112559241945

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:Acpv8vE88rftFmxE3s8o/w==

deserted_min

f3347622 Location:

Summary Statistics: Mean 2765.0; StDev 18397.635304098425; Valid 70.0; Min. 0.0; Max. 153000.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:0fSHGTZGuD8DGHgJa9s9Pg==

deserted_max

f3347622 Location:

Summary Statistics: Min. 0.0; Valid 70.0; Max. 153000.0; Mean 2765.0; StDev 18397.635304098425;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:0fSHGTZGuD8DGHgJa9s9Pg==

defected_min

f3347622 Location:

Summary Statistics: Min. 0.0; StDev 38802.10075464268; Max. 320000.0; Mean 4833.838235294119; Valid 68.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:M2bO7vKqhgFOCZrDoZYB7Q==

defected_max

f3347622 Location:

Summary Statistics: StDev 38802.10075464268; Mean 4833.838235294119; Valid 68.0; Min. 0.0; Max. 320000.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:M2bO7vKqhgFOCZrDoZYB7Q==

ldr_surrendered

f3347622 Location:

Summary Statistics: Max. 1.0; Mean 0.026728646135966993; Valid 1721.0; StDev 0.16133614028319662; Min. 0.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:xHsG8s9FjpZHv/ew6+GRqw==

ldr_captured_killed

f3347622 Location:

Summary Statistics: Max. 1.0; StDev 0.18200648269270886; Mean 0.03428239395700167; Valid 1721.0; Min. 0.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:5Aev9kvxrC0d0zKwVXN4Cw==

ldr_defected

f3347622 Location:

Summary Statistics: Min. 0.0; Mean 5.810575246949402E-4; Max. 1.0; Valid 1721.0; StDev 0.024105134820094933;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:JdiSDUKxdFg+nDR019DWEw==

polity2

f3347622 Location:

Summary Statistics: Valid 1225.0; Mean 3.3012244897959215; Min. -10.0; StDev 7.764394610193249; Max. 10.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:R0Osv8oVwoJyEd5QuJH2Kg==

polity2_new

f3347622 Location:

Summary Statistics: StDev 7.795696706450271; Min. -10.0; Mean 2.7806160781367346; Max. 10.0; Valid 1331.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:GxLqf9CPi3HhbVr/OXucYA==

xconst

f3347622 Location:

Summary Statistics: StDev 2.5272850434604655; Min. 1.0; Valid 1164.0; Max. 7.0; Mean 5.159793814432992;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:w0AeIMfglZ+sqaDy8hRlcA==

xconst_new

f3347622 Location:

Summary Statistics: Valid 1331.0; Mean 4.818181818181823; Min. 1.0; Max. 7.0; StDev 2.6635947218196105;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:xREUr0C5vESQjxPzmQWd8w==

exconst

f3347622 Location:

Summary Statistics: StDev 2.5272850434604655; Max. 7.0; Valid 1164.0; Mean 5.159793814432992; Min. 1.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:w0AeIMfglZ+sqaDy8hRlcA==

exconst_new

f3347622 Location:

Summary Statistics: StDev 2.6635947218196105; Valid 1331.0; Mean 4.818181818181823; Max. 7.0; Min. 1.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:xREUr0C5vESQjxPzmQWd8w==

xpolity

f3347622 Location:

Summary Statistics: StDev 5.171876522867792; Min. -6.0; Max. 7.0; Valid 1063.0; Mean 2.7958607714016948

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:55B50iqLAq5FShdquxI44w==

xpolity_new

f3347622 Location:

Summary Statistics: Mean 2.4149305555555642; StDev 5.234522773462218; Max. 7.0; Min. -6.0; Valid 1152.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:2758MsBTYB2dtB3HgceyUw==

realgdp

f3347622 Location:

Summary Statistics: Max. 1.3193478E7; StDev 2684186.0556434384; Mean 1313669.0981048392; Min. 221.02; Valid 744.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:seBdFWIzzQPiHqm+NPIlbw==

rgdppc

f3347622 Location:

Summary Statistics: Min. 246.79; StDev 12530.033190103897; Valid 744.0; Mean 11681.88962365591; Max. 91787.54

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:OWlKXGgMUTwnjeARVoTxpQ==

recruit

f3347622 Location:

Summary Statistics: Min. 0.0; StDev 0.375392404721778; Mean 0.1695583596214534; Valid 1268.0; Max. 1.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:FXNAyklsZGGnM51ZPCGeCQ==

tmenlist

f3347622 Location:

Summary Statistics: Valid 534.0; Min. 3.0; Max. 60.0; Mean 23.473782771535582; StDev 8.041768653391749;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:Qv3YW7GkcfGUHp+rdnQrqA==

irst

f3347622 Location:

Summary Statistics: Min. -9.0; StDev 35197.273501504846; Max. 149000.0; Mean 21420.200000000004; Valid 1335.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:+O89W14HC7iciO4Lkr3Feg==

milex

f3347622 Location:

Summary Statistics: StDev 6.4275946816466056E7; Max. 5.52568E8; Mean 2.6694146397003658E7; Min. -9.0; Valid 1335.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:g0jsybfh9d9bmgUc8geuyg==

milper

f3347622 Location:

Summary Statistics: Min. -9.0; StDev 2948.648803891715; Valid 1335.0; Max. 12500.0; Mean 2239.484644194773

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:ITQvisw4PcGz/c1mJqDHTQ==

pec

f3347622 Location:

Summary Statistics: Valid 1335.0; Mean 449684.55643724574; Min. -9.0; StDev 933248.2882775788; Max. 5548023.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:D15Zc/pKzYBGyfpc5PmhQg==

tpop

f3347622 Location:

Summary Statistics: StDev 114136.49908745651; Min. 91.0; Mean 82740.62397003749; Valid 1335.0; Max. 985467.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:jTGCjY/571SuwpqhKlXGOQ==

upop

f3347622 Location:

Summary Statistics: Min. 0.0; Max. 129400.0; Valid 1335.0; StDev 19979.24745994876; Mean 19638.784269662927

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:ODTCbqtuZ/vvvl1hVmhVbA==

cinc

f3347622 Location:

Summary Statistics: Valid 1335.0; Max. 0.3838635; StDev 0.09916666547975807; Min. 9.97E-6; Mean 0.07703152132584272

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:iq7zsgipzauhmfD0bEPYgA==

geneva

f3347622 Location:

Summary Statistics: Min. 0.0; StDev 0.4515302882279209; Mean 0.7150319210679039; Max. 1.0; Valid 1723.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:rYI7lmQr6HyPnmBHE/PLjw==

total_cas1

f3347622 Location:

Summary Statistics: Min. 0.0; Max. 2304103.0; Valid 788.0; Mean 15459.236040609258; StDev 100035.268662158;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:WGAZL9KoWLijWyvD4v09Vg==

total_cas2

f3347622 Location:

Summary Statistics: Min. 0.0; Max. 2645334.0; Valid 928.0; StDev 142647.36822104605; Mean 30694.945043103507

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:hYnNkQ/YUKLVjcowd4F2qw==

prop_cas1

f3347622 Location:

Summary Statistics: Mean 0.2885425130608791; StDev 0.5352027190169412; Min. 0.0; Max. 9.71554; Valid 706.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:46H0yykHzv5hmp7+R+F+1Q==

prop_cas2

f3347622 Location:

Summary Statistics: Mean 0.3709552558426735; Min. 0.0; StDev 0.5966371943314245; Max. 10.05554; Valid 820.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:ke/Idlm4fwjYY6WHMSpKrA==

prop_pow

f3347622 Location:

Summary Statistics: Min. 0.0; Mean 0.09367853759323014; StDev 0.2782913354930086; Max. 3.5; Valid 762.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:gErmzfP+DXfcoZcdpRsfiA==

opp_size

f3347622 Location:

Summary Statistics: Max. 3356000.0; Valid 1225.0; Min. 4.0; Mean 98061.6195918354; StDev 267773.85640814266

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:ucckFtQ5UGsrXXncBjdiww==

opp_total_cas1

f3347622 Location:

Summary Statistics: Min. 0.0; StDev 96743.43921870485; Max. 2304103.0; Valid 947.0; Mean 18042.961985216687;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:oXTG50M5AGfjg/umabMlWg==

opp_total_cas2

f3347622 Location:

Summary Statistics: Min. 0.0; StDev 143430.86282571484; Max. 2645334.0; Mean 36587.87765957474; Valid 1128.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:Mcq9Onr7WN/BYS+CX1gd1w==

opp_prop_pow

f3347622 Location:

Summary Statistics: StDev 0.11067509181668399; Max. 1.0; Mean 0.024297489834558313; Min. 0.0; Valid 420.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:MOwPkaBxgYpYVwfHUZ2NQg==

opp_polity2

f3347622 Location:

Summary Statistics: Mean 0.7009549548370582; Valid 1149.0; StDev 7.695210559620705; Min. -10.0; Max. 10.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:0zJSWzZtwUHqiNvv1sP67A==

opp_polity2_new

f3347622 Location:

Summary Statistics: Max. 10.0; Mean 0.03441327010432648; Min. -10.0; StDev 7.481938032579278; Valid 1238.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:5RR2QlER/4OzzwFnPzhrsA==

opp_xconst

f3347622 Location:

Summary Statistics: Min. 1.0; Max. 7.0; Valid 1093.0; StDev 2.6544974858693275; Mean 4.48063433973773;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:9CFuTEsNZtt26VkU0537WA==

opp_xconst_new

f3347622 Location:

Summary Statistics: Max. 7.0; StDev 2.622669970826148; Min. 1.0; Mean 4.113678159269527; Valid 1238.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:dYczXmrpn9EIZenx8aExQA==

opp_exconst

f3347622 Location:

Summary Statistics: Min. 1.0; Valid 1093.0; Max. 7.0; Mean 4.48063433973773; StDev 2.6544974858693275

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:9CFuTEsNZtt26VkU0537WA==

opp_exconst_new

f3347622 Location:

Summary Statistics: StDev 2.622669970826148; Min. 1.0; Valid 1238.0; Mean 4.113678159269527; Max. 7.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:dYczXmrpn9EIZenx8aExQA==

opp_xpolity

f3347622 Location:

Summary Statistics: Valid 1037.0; StDev 5.171832406411; Min. -6.0; Max. 7.0; Mean 1.1246904814889318;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:+XKJ7PGFumLbDU08EY3ASg==

opp_xpolity_new

f3347622 Location:

Summary Statistics: StDev 5.074353226868357; Max. 7.0; Min. -6.0; Mean 0.7114505044267956; Valid 1139.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:uCAxAKEsOE3AwEqeeicb8Q==

opp_realgdp

f3347622 Location:

Summary Statistics: StDev 1679490.8784091307; Valid 659.0; Max. 1.1789128E7; Mean 867407.7890156913; Min. 1066.31

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:MgQti0e2fIjCkQgnpKKxWA==

opp_rgdppc

f3347622 Location:

Summary Statistics: StDev 8279.754907775568; Valid 659.0; Mean 7619.687334871628; Max. 40472.02; Min. 246.79

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:2k6OPFq7b9foFoBerpZp9Q==

opp_recruit

f3347622 Location:

Summary Statistics: Max. 1.0; Valid 1232.0; StDev 0.38585123517833986; Min. 0.0; Mean 0.18181818181818157

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:XAklRbQC+y1OhOteK7UgpA==

opp_tmenlist

f3347622 Location:

Summary Statistics: Mean 23.9681204569055; Min. 6.0; StDev 7.743813226020732; Max. 60.0; Valid 535.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:tOMRL+pmqx1ZcFR6ihfhqA==

opp_irst

f3347622 Location:

Summary Statistics: Valid 1266.0; StDev 40370.46337523408; Min. 0.0; Mean 26720.98973143763; Max. 267497.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:9dQUvowk9mOeTAcuWZqK8g==

opp_milex

f3347622 Location:

Summary Statistics: Valid 1266.0; StDev 7.444353122609012E7; Mean 3.33556995442337E7; Min. -18.0; Max. 6.40697E8;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:fI4dgkngCojdoZqDYmMbfQ==

opp_milper

f3347622 Location:

Summary Statistics: Valid 1266.0; Min. -9.0; StDev 3544.5631383416694; Mean 3343.109794628715; Max. 18592.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:7Drs/y41boaBhOp9q+GHOg==

opp_pec

f3347622 Location:

Summary Statistics: Min. -9.0; Valid 1266.0; Max. 9996669.62; Mean 537360.5500084247; StDev 1136862.0747620687

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:EofB3Ujk8hNpf25rQN0KEQ==

opp_tpop

f3347622 Location:

Summary Statistics: Mean 119350.40995260648; StDev 140854.43448710308; Valid 1266.0; Min. 750.0; Max. 985467.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:mwdQ3CiJbI3lFQ102i0cbA==

opp_upop

f3347622 Location:

Summary Statistics: Max. 234531.0; Mean 26880.330173775692; StDev 26420.186028643555; Valid 1266.0; Min. 0.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:+skFqbFwbqzjZh7TJ6Xzkg==

opp_cinc

f3347622 Location:

Summary Statistics: Min. 8.9E-5; Valid 1266.0; StDev 0.0770014766446466; Max. 0.3838635; Mean 0.07574101585278996

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:YzPAwexQlPYlUYSXDuD7rQ==

opp_geneva

f3347622 Location:

Summary Statistics: Valid 1721.0; Mean 0.6492591516560114; Max. 1.0; Min. 0.0; StDev 0.457513157897041;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:ALXzCB6mt/w1DzpiXXGo+w==

opp_prop_cas1

f3347622 Location:

Summary Statistics: Min. 0.0; Valid 870.0; Mean 0.36009214279470364; Max. 9.71554; StDev 0.8046315293075641

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:318TZgCGNUEK6K9RLY6kuQ==

opp_prop_cas2

f3347622 Location:

Summary Statistics: Max. 10.05554; Mean 0.4417289325290814; StDev 0.8370878079160167; Min. 0.0; Valid 1026.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:S4t2oJOrVj4r1BlvtUk5Uw==

force_ratio

f3347622 Location:

Summary Statistics: Max. 3909.09090909091; Mean 6.03433437241264; StDev 127.17592014627876; Min. 2.0E-4; Valid 945.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:xcvZlvGVZMd1Qp85xUn38g==

ler1

f3347622 Location:

Summary Statistics: Mean 1747.9132840541586; Min. 0.0; StDev 6463.957704968718; Max. 26000.0; Valid 651.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:gilJyVXiZhi3a9Gyov36PA==

ler2

f3347622 Location:

Summary Statistics: Min. 0.0; Max. 179000.0; Mean 16202.98576048321; StDev 51305.886753052255; Valid 809.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:n02LCd48mATuK1A7120oQg==

rel_cinc

f3347622 Location:

Summary Statistics: Mean 4.53554724016631; Max. 481.275590551181; StDev 20.85417864909263; Min. 2.27137242989767E-4; Valid 985.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:kokX6qAnqpGENbO3NwGkww==

civilians_killed_min

f3347622 Location:

Summary Statistics: Valid 174.0; Min. 0.0; Mean 39689.90229885064; StDev 121529.86754768576; Max. 632000.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:H2n5Uo9U9MxynRTmHG5T9Q==

civilians_killed_max

f3347622 Location:

Summary Statistics: Min. 0.0; Max. 1000000.0; StDev 159858.09226766718; Valid 172.0; Mean 52032.40116279066;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:FImJvrdzFkd1yYx5mFTbZA==

DEPLOY_DIST

f3347622 Location:

Summary Statistics: Min. 0.0; Valid 1394.0; Max. 35279.909392792; StDev 7592.256541365658; Mean 5946.550876363595

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:YA0His6Bp1ZxuNibmnmn+Q==

AREA_INSIDE

f3347622 Location:

Summary Statistics: Mean 0.23294135543076258; Valid 1394.0; Min. 0.0; StDev 0.3959334738631438; Max. 1.00000000148604;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:CYZBWllv8gfDh3SlQCRyUA==

AREA

f3347622 Location:

Summary Statistics: Min. 0.158870059257253; Valid 1394.0; StDev 251265.2841220429; Mean 78077.34753745158; Max. 2191538.61537394

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:J1T7bGwu1bxjc14VkTOQPA==

force_space

f3347622 Location:

Summary Statistics: Mean 427.583725194093; Valid 845.0; Max. 119916.1977157; StDev 5387.894488282024; Min. 1.80094458135181E-4

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:UtH2hqudNefDAQBburzWNw==

INSIDE

f3347622 Location:

Summary Statistics: Max. 1.0; StDev 0.4617270919899979; Min. 0.0; Mean 0.3077474892395965; Valid 1394.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:F7H/bjDFZeNMVxiTL6ROAw==

BATTLE_SIZE

f3347622 Location:

Summary Statistics: Valid 1333.0; Mean 2.4171042760690082; Min. 1.0; Max. 6.0; StDev 1.2740450178807599

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:bwiYhctot/emaOv/9t68bw==

SEA_BATTLE

f3347622 Location:

Summary Statistics: Max. 1.0; StDev 0.23606542371392344; Min. 0.0; Valid 1723.0; Mean 0.05919907138711569;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:/xMb/bS8QD2Z02aPXdCSXw==

AIR_BATTLE

f3347622 Location:

Summary Statistics: StDev 0.2360654237139262; Max. 1.0; Min. 0.0; Valid 1723.0; Mean 0.05919907138711528

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:hmgfl7LkrNH4uxu2CdBxFg==

r

f3347620 Location:

Summary Statistics: Mean 0.5005; Min. 0.001; Valid 1000.0; Max. 1.0; StDev 0.28881943609574945

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:vkNuvzvLj9bAjIGvUFm1jw==

beta_1

f3347620 Location:

Summary Statistics: Valid 1000.0; StDev 0.04499281804563256; Max. 0.320098576950057; Min. 0.0868357417469479; Mean 0.1118194483156768

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:eDvfVY+34gZs5bOQDnRCWQ==

se_1

f3347620 Location:

Summary Statistics: Max. 0.0301128914374276; Mean 0.027241452242642166; Valid 1000.0; StDev 3.072683017974721E-4; Min. 0.0266825415679047

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:GIMRrbWaqbrjA6mYW0sW+w==

aic_1

f3347620 Location:

Summary Statistics: Max. 2285.61793842574; Min. 2147.77016075858; Mean 2274.9936859516074; StDev 24.068551721100878; Valid 1000.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:/hU2k2Itaiqn3o3jtIU/jg==

beta_2

f3347620 Location:

Summary Statistics: Max. 0.354183583571867; StDev 0.03921708811680632; Mean 0.14952642337236707; Min. 0.131556552190442; Valid 1000.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:xV5niHk0/kY6/ozkAtjf7Q==

se_2

f3347620 Location:

Summary Statistics: Max. 0.0433298736080383; Mean 0.028977783356260688; Valid 1000.0; StDev 0.002171926244219821; Min. 0.0277661543046746;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:AafGOSTTqcDXeQPFIdZ/QQ==

aic_2

f3347620 Location:

Summary Statistics: Max. 2272.42091528576; Mean 2266.083144023746; StDev 12.583216163144652; Min. 2193.83043927913; Valid 1000.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:cxmq2Si4MRdqazisNIk5Dg==

beta_3

f3347620 Location:

Summary Statistics: Valid 1000.0; Mean 0.22180995531251385; StDev 0.012510122697353028; Min. 0.1940400139914; Max. 0.238606233679454;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:eKiE9tEgUcTI9i9ZL17twg==

se_3

f3347620 Location:

Summary Statistics: Min. 0.0346412497678642; Max. 0.0447993062792198; Mean 0.03918433070393473; Valid 1000.0; StDev 0.0035807466293608643;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:zy9bCHc6Cs6j3O942Q9lXw==

aic_3

f3347620 Location:

Summary Statistics: StDev 6.338241819711121; Mean 2258.94986534707; Min. 2253.38317849734; Valid 1000.0; Max. 2275.55130415015

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:8b3IYS6Yx0ALNYJaedA5Ew==

beta_4

f3347620 Location:

Summary Statistics: StDev 0.012414325833383484; Max. 0.209725992499732; Mean 0.1911236467173137; Min. 0.172705671906045; Valid 1000.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:NhvxqnDC3n1S4kTjtEEXSw==

se_4

f3347620 Location:

Summary Statistics: Min. 0.033458243206639; Mean 0.03664769109469661; Valid 1000.0; Max. 0.0404037917856266; StDev 0.002199097829789982

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:7BlYn5tXvSjwvev86Y8oHQ==

aic_4

f3347620 Location:

Summary Statistics: Mean 2265.47991227205; Min. 2264.43253590325; Valid 1000.0; StDev 0.5152351662832361; Max. 2266.601738594

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:CmRu8WGGm2ljstG4CqnQDQ==

Other Study-Related Materials

Label:

functions.R

Notes:

type/x-r-syntax

Other Study-Related Materials

Label:

repcode_IO.R

Notes:

type/x-r-syntax

Other Study-Related Materials

Label:

data_IO.RData

Notes:

application/x-rlang-transport

Other Study-Related Materials

Label:

polygons_IO.RData

Notes:

application/x-rlang-transport