Explaining Incompleteness and Conditionality in Alliance Agreements (doi:10.7910/DVN/TEUYAS)

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Part 2: Study Description
Part 3: Data Files Description
Part 4: Variable Description
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Explaining Incompleteness and Conditionality in Alliance Agreements

doi:10.7910/DVN/TEUYAS

Harvard Dataverse

2019-07-22

1

Fjelstul, Joshua C.; Reiter, Dan, 2019, "Explaining Incompleteness and Conditionality in Alliance Agreements", https://doi.org/10.7910/DVN/TEUYAS, Harvard Dataverse, V1, UNF:6:1K2YWygSd5F8ODI5+sj0ug== [fileUNF]

Explaining Incompleteness and Conditionality in Alliance Agreements

doi:10.7910/DVN/TEUYAS

Fjelstul, Joshua C. (Emory University - Political Science)

Reiter, Dan (Emory University - Political Science)

Harvard Dataverse

Interactions, International

Interactions, International

2019-07-17

https://doi.org/10.7910/DVN/TEUYAS

Social Sciences

This paper builds on the existing proposition that audience-cost averse states, such as audience cost-averse states do not equally prefer all types of conditions, but rather these states are especially motivated to demand conditions that make the agreement more incomplete. The reason is that conditions that make the agreement more incomplete make it even easier for a signatory to avoid the costs of non-compliance, as compared with conditions that do not make the agreement more incomplete. Incompleteness introduces uncertainty about compliance requirements, giving a signatory greater ability to argue that a wider array of behaviors is compliant, including some behaviors that other signatories might view as non-compliant. If a signatory can convince audiences that more actions are in fact compliant, the signatory will be able to take a wider variety of actions, including some viewed by other signatories as non- compliant, without suffering audience costs. Signatories that wish to avoid paying the audience costs of non-compliance understand this, and are more likely to demand that treaties include conditions making the treaty incomplete as compared with conditions that do not make the treaty more incomplete.

<a href="http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0">CC0 1.0</a>

• Number of cases: 576

• No. of variables per record: 31

• Type of File: text/tab-separated-values

UNF:6:mJaG9FOf2WL0P+EyLIt7mA==

• Number of cases: 303

• No. of variables per record: 29

• Type of File: text/tab-separated-values

UNF:6:uh65XV58Ze8Wt6ZchfAt/w==

• sample
• warid - warid
• atopid - atopid
• cowwarid - COW_v4_id
• warname - warname
• cowid - cowid
• multilateral - multilateral
• sabhon - sabhon
• sabvio - sabvio
• nonaggBF - nonaggBF
• consulBF - consulBF
• cfnaBF - cfnaBF
• dnaBF - dnaBF
• honorBF - honorBF
• violateBF - violateBF
• nonaggLLM - nonaggLLM
• consulLLM - consulLLM
• cfnaLLM - cfnaLLM
• dnaLLM - dnaLLM
• honorLLM - honorLLM
• violateLLM - violateLLM
• sabroskyhonorbf
• sabroskyhonorllm
• defense - (max) defense
• offense - (max) offense
• neutral - (max) neutral
• nonagg - (max) nonagg
• consul - (max) consul
• incomplete
• not_incomplete
• violateLLMnew
• atop_id - atop_id
• obligation_id - obligation_id
• atop_year - atop_year
• defense_only - attack
• non_provocation - non_provocation
• target_incomplete - target_vague
• adversary_incomplete - adversary_vague
• location_incomplete - location_vague
• target_not_incomplete - target_clear
• adversary_not_incomplete - adversary_clear
• location_not_incomplete - location_clear
• number_adversaries - defconum
• incomplete - count_vague
• not_incomplete - count_clear_nowar_defconum
• incomplete_no_defense_only - count_vague_minus_attack
• incomplete_no_europe - count_vague_noEurope
• not_incomplete_no_europe - count_clear_nowar_defconum_noEur
• incomplete_dummy - =1 if count_vague>0
• not_incomplete_dummy - =1 if count_clear_nowar_defconum >0
• democracy - prop_democ_5
• democracy_4 - prop_democ_4
• democracy_6 - prop_democ_6
• bilateral - bilateral
• wartime - atop_wartime
• count_members - count_members
• asymmetric - asymmetric
• similarity - similarity
• post_1945
• offensive_war - war

f3473208 Location:

Summary Statistics: Min. 0.0; Valid 576.0; Max. 1.0; Mean 0.35416666666666474; StDev 0.47867570941359194

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:Tkimi6n/lr1LVVI771WC4Q==

f3473208 Location:

Summary Statistics: Mean 61.939236111110965; Min. 2.0; Valid 576.0; StDev 22.97661848446544; Max. 94.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:xqzgdC39/l+Z0xrwFqOc8w==

f3473208 Location:

Summary Statistics: Mean 2871.09375; Max. 4840.0; StDev 915.1608620180199; Valid 576.0; Min. 1020.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:K+LMyrRmYguUycpTSkqEIQ==

f3473208 Location:

Summary Statistics: Valid 538.0; Mean 156.7249070631971; Min. 4.0; Max. 227.0; StDev 55.95188286365

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:yQli2qiGZoz7Qfk/55AxgQ==

f3473208 Location:

Variable Format: character

Notes: UNF:6:/4BNO7W3nDBsNnNMytypxw==

f3473208 Location:

Summary Statistics: Valid 361.0; StDev 525.7153931913638; Max. 3620.0; Min. 2005.0; Mean 3081.6925207756217;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:MeqkntjuRiqPCx0OJ5KuVg==

f3473208 Location:

Summary Statistics: Min. 0.0; Max. 1.0; Valid 576.0; StDev 0.4382903489146105; Mean 0.2586805555555553

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:Y+REmW21JMD0xmunYlTrxQ==

f3473208 Location:

Summary Statistics: Mean 0.46808510638297873; Valid 47.0; StDev 0.5043749394606821; Max. 1.0; Min. 0.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:KLjA8wiH1+RY4HsFIvxaVA==

f3473208 Location:

Summary Statistics: StDev 0.5043749394606821; Mean 0.5319148936170213; Min. 0.0; Valid 47.0; Max. 1.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:jb2MJxqPROzSIEJ4LtlLJg==

f3473208 Location:

Summary Statistics: StDev 0.0; Valid 132.0; Min. 1.0; Max. 1.0; Mean 1.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:zhHNdP3Q5em2D3Xxj1P4DQ==

f3473208 Location:

Summary Statistics: Valid 85.0; StDev 0.0; Max. 1.0; Mean 1.0; Min. 1.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:mKQyyfJFEdu6p5/dTypR7A==

f3473208 Location:

Summary Statistics: Mean 1.0; Valid 222.0; StDev 0.0; Min. 1.0; Max. 1.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:h1rQjLCoN86hiOAW1/nd0A==

f3473208 Location:

Summary Statistics: Valid 437.0; Max. 1.0; Min. 1.0; Mean 1.0; StDev 0.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:S4e1D2jmQpaePldfOr1w1A==

f3473208 Location:

Summary Statistics: Valid 69.0; Min. 1.0; Mean 1.0; StDev 0.0; Max. 1.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:yvADghojxwEtV72LB88NIA==

f3473208 Location:

Summary Statistics: Min. 1.0; Mean 1.0; Max. 1.0; StDev 0.0; Valid 70.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:3mL/OlT7KBR0xmAUJ/ARgA==

f3473208 Location:

Summary Statistics: StDev 0.0; Max. 1.0; Min. 1.0; Mean 1.0; Valid 148.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:/sdYbH7pFEQK5Y0VQCDklw==

f3473208 Location:

Summary Statistics: StDev 0.0; Max. 1.0; Min. 1.0; Mean 1.0; Valid 101.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:BryKTOTsNHLYlBfyJXYaCw==

f3473208 Location:

Summary Statistics: Min. 1.0; StDev 0.0; Mean 1.0; Max. 1.0; Valid 215.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:tGvXiHOuIpcKOj0dYZtQPw==

f3473208 Location:

Summary Statistics: StDev 0.0; Mean 1.0; Valid 430.0; Max. 1.0; Min. 1.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:J982j0ZTiw12ovChowSq0w==

f3473208 Location:

Summary Statistics: Valid 73.0; StDev 0.0; Min. 1.0; Mean 1.0; Max. 1.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:qK2Uh15KBxHU9V/kbiIFcg==

f3473208 Location:

Summary Statistics: Valid 73.0; Min. 1.0; StDev 0.0; Max. 1.0; Mean 1.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:eai+O3BJ39rPkBV64QXzgA==

f3473208 Location:

Summary Statistics: Mean 1.0; Max. 1.0; Valid 81.0; Min. 1.0; StDev 0.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:2CuoU7mr/fjDDPABUSle4w==

f3473208 Location:

Summary Statistics: Valid 84.0; Max. 1.0; Min. 1.0; Mean 1.0; StDev 0.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:4MXWTNEh0AK1oTCTb+L0gQ==

f3473208 Location:

Summary Statistics: StDev 0.4999245112096557; Max. 1.0; Valid 576.0; Min. 0.0; Mean 0.522569444444445;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:IqUGf/k6O7DdXlfqFXcpxw==

f3473208 Location:

Summary Statistics: Valid 576.0; Max. 1.0; Min. 0.0; Mean 0.1267361111111114; StDev 0.33296628341878826

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:jFuepsk3vNylAlIyoJGg2A==

f3473208 Location:

Summary Statistics: StDev 0.3461311359658703; Max. 1.0; Min. 0.0; Mean 0.13888888888888945; Valid 576.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:912Br/OHZa4wl2U2cgOYrA==

f3473208 Location:

Summary Statistics: Max. 1.0; Valid 576.0; StDev 0.49854559000557896; Min. 0.0; Mean 0.4565972222222226;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:DcGK0n4UMYEjnyJ7xOfoxw==

f3473208 Location:

Summary Statistics: Valid 576.0; StDev 0.49733589772816683; Mean 0.5555555555555556; Max. 1.0; Min. 0.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:7sxyke86WbSqUrlv6tSgpA==

f3473208 Location:

Summary Statistics: Min. 0.0; Mean 1.2842809364548502; Max. 3.0; Valid 299.0; StDev 0.7918123811764748;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:L/IhImJiW1V+CbLCZPM/xw==

f3473208 Location:

Summary Statistics: Mean 0.49163879598662225; Max. 2.0; Valid 299.0; StDev 0.6040386921191958; Min. 0.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:scwDF3wc594kJhmGpUpCcw==

f3473208 Location:

Summary Statistics: Valid 146.0; Min. 0.0; StDev 0.5017211754859809; Max. 1.0; Mean 0.5;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:lspla7xXneLVgz0JmZbK8g==

f3473207 Location:

Summary Statistics: Max. 6035.0; Min. 1005.0; StDev 1131.3265121397785; Valid 303.0; Mean 2699.3960396039633;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:u9ZOq/Q5F5Ov/cq1dBWHKQ==

f3473207 Location:

Summary Statistics: Min. 1.0; Max. 3.0; StDev 0.41339557029166696; Valid 303.0; Mean 1.1452145214521454;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:TxDSnS/b1rt/cHEVmME1kA==

f3473207 Location:

Summary Statistics: StDev 49.0213663056076; Max. 2010.0; Valid 303.0; Min. 1815.0; Mean 1930.4356435643563

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:6eQoiS7U4ogptN88Nwy0hA==

f3473207 Location:

Summary Statistics: Max. 1.0; Mean 0.7755775577557756; StDev 0.41789156174236597; Min. 0.0; Valid 303.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:aH0w8yjGPExyoosSfnFJEw==

f3473207 Location:

Summary Statistics: Max. 1.0; Valid 303.0; Min. 0.0; StDev 0.2543954947188786; Mean 0.06930693069306945;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:dLDCrNUIgN2ipIzXvHRsyQ==

f3473207 Location:

Summary Statistics: Max. 1.0; StDev 0.12760519292790812; Min. 0.0; Valid 303.0; Mean 0.016501650165016497;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:JJY+ZS+PzsSaFxh/CGSm3w==

f3473207 Location:

Summary Statistics: Valid 303.0; Min. 0.0; StDev 0.3495393836064487; Mean 0.14191419141914205; Max. 1.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:pE55BPQKc+NitiRX7+CPbw==

f3473207 Location:

Summary Statistics: Min. 0.0; StDev 0.280544508974119; Max. 1.0; Valid 303.0; Mean 0.08580858085808575;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:reeSsor/P6vf1nxUNhm77A==

f3473207 Location:

Summary Statistics: Mean 0.19471947194719458; Max. 1.0; Valid 303.0; StDev 0.3966396564514437; Min. 0.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:F4xF8EjXMhj+wDBOESrVlQ==

f3473207 Location:

Summary Statistics: Valid 303.0; Min. 0.0; Mean 0.11881188118811871; Max. 1.0; StDev 0.3241022867995566;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:zWub37nJtDSHAMXTNhOpjw==

f3473207 Location:

Summary Statistics: Mean 0.059405940594059355; StDev 0.23677393771377553; Min. 0.0; Max. 1.0; Valid 303.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:XyXfb+o8DOuGKBJPGG9Whg==

f3473207 Location:

Summary Statistics: Min. 0.0; Max. 1.0; StDev 0.11432489313489254; Mean 0.013201320132013162; Valid 303.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:TW1OdDMqKK/HyZhoPXEqBw==

f3473207 Location:

Summary Statistics: Valid 303.0; Min. 0.0; StDev 0.7154724725382978; Mean 1.0891089108910894; Max. 3.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:WKmcjDhq306MgNLx9CxDHA==

f3473207 Location:

Summary Statistics: Max. 3.0; Valid 303.0; Mean 0.38613861386138637; Min. 0.0; StDev 0.6606784145691039

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:QCaljUsilNDdOULYNTUzbQ==

f3473207 Location:

Summary Statistics: Mean 0.3135313531353133; Valid 303.0; Max. 2.0; Min. 0.0; StDev 0.5311942107898378

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:7PCFggS8YCsxf0WwEoOpHA==

f3473207 Location:

Summary Statistics: Valid 303.0; Mean 1.0660066006600661; Max. 3.0; Min. 0.0; StDev 0.6921505692783255;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:bVwGBzDB3BpadTXwgETf9A==

f3473207 Location:

Summary Statistics: Mean 0.33684210526315733; Valid 285.0; StDev 0.6157074194696052; Min. 0.0; Max. 3.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:i0PrVn+B2DAfIqbim6TbCA==

f3473207 Location:

Summary Statistics: Min. 0.0; Mean 0.8184818481848187; Max. 1.0; Valid 303.0; StDev 0.3860845292708162;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:lzmc3x1p7VN1DFOnUu+1Xg==

f3473207 Location:

Summary Statistics: Mean 0.2970297029702975; Valid 303.0; StDev 0.45770564709178746; Max. 1.0; Min. 0.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:R33LUpXN+YbTbvN9lB2CXw==

f3473207 Location:

Summary Statistics: Mean 0.20684230168275855; Max. 1.0; Valid 290.0; StDev 0.3472484863108685; Min. 0.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:y1pE7kJIA+e+nFSnTLQLOw==

f3473207 Location:

Summary Statistics: Mean 0.2273651212689656; Min. 0.0; Valid 290.0; StDev 0.3509956657972173; Max. 1.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:PjaaR0Iq6pe2+twvT3vboQ==

f3473207 Location:

Summary Statistics: Valid 290.0; Mean 0.2032529599896553; StDev 0.34629844543819593; Max. 1.0; Min. 0.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:XmXKQkXI1mT9Xiv6myBkuA==

f3473207 Location:

Summary Statistics: Max. 1.0; Valid 303.0; StDev 0.4134484375558139; Mean 0.7821782178217823; Min. 0.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:IKey+3rrtLpWWORqOEbEWQ==

f3473207 Location:

Summary Statistics: Valid 303.0; Max. 1.0; Mean 0.19471947194719455; Min. 0.0; StDev 0.39663965645144444

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:00kZegER+DUKbM3NFVeWkg==

f3473207 Location:

Summary Statistics: StDev 2.372594495972409; Valid 303.0; Max. 21.0; Min. 2.0; Mean 2.7128712871287126

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:J1dXgOxmJvaVmcaQ4DCyvw==

f3473207 Location:

Summary Statistics: Max. 1.0; Valid 303.0; StDev 0.3966396564514438; Mean 0.19471947194719458; Min. 0.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:bN4J/ebT+rGvnewGnuZAyg==

f3473207 Location:

Summary Statistics: Mean 0.810632496882353; StDev 0.21572200361140162; Valid 272.0; Max. 1.0; Min. -0.013888889;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:0hAQLaJnnH2yMP5v18NlwQ==

f3473207 Location:

Summary Statistics: Mean 0.5049504950495051; StDev 0.5008025818802925; Valid 303.0; Min. 0.0; Max. 1.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:uw6tDpKIT/BplPU6LHgQrQ==

f3473207 Location:

Summary Statistics: Mean 0.08250825082508262; Valid 303.0; Min. 0.0; StDev 0.2755926409388413; Max. 1.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:3aODspzfmAAPNDXYKbwEFA==

Label:

replication_code.do

application/x-stata-syntax

Label:

replication_codebook.pdf

application/pdf