Replication Data for: The Church as Arbiter : A Divided Right in Interwar France (doi:10.7910/DVN/TKXP4A)

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Part 1: Document Description
Part 2: Study Description
Part 3: Data Files Description
Part 4: Variable Description
Part 5: Other Study-Related Materials
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Replication Data for: The Church as Arbiter : A Divided Right in Interwar France

doi:10.7910/DVN/TKXP4A

Harvard Dataverse

2025-03-06

1

Lacroix, Jean; Boix, Carles, 2025, "Replication Data for: The Church as Arbiter : A Divided Right in Interwar France", https://doi.org/10.7910/DVN/TKXP4A, Harvard Dataverse, V1, UNF:6:pq9bdqTLE4l5u5XzQbclig== [fileUNF]

Replication Data for: The Church as Arbiter : A Divided Right in Interwar France

doi:10.7910/DVN/TKXP4A

Lacroix, Jean (Université Paris-Saclay)

Boix, Carles (Princeton University)

Harvard Dataverse

Lacroix, Jean

Lacroix, Jean

2025-02-13

https://doi.org/10.7910/DVN/TKXP4A

Social Sciences

To document the impact of elites choices on political movements, we leverage the condemnation of L’Action Française (AF), a monarchist movement, by Pope Pius XI in 1926. As a consequence of the Papal condemnation, French Catholics had to choose between their involvement in AF and accessing Catholic sacraments. Difference-in-differences estimates show that the Papal condemnation reshaped AF’s territorial distribution and social basis, weakening its support in religious areas while attracting more secularized followers. Following that shift, AF mutated from being a conservative nationalist movement with strong Catholic connections to an extreme organization entangled with a violent and anti-parliamentarian Right. Our examination of the role of elites in the development of political movements allows us to shed new light on the dynamics that resulted in the collapse of democracy in interwar Europe.

• Number of cases: 45961

• No. of variables per record: 20

• Type of File: text/tab-separated-values

UNF:6:ZHF2Dp+BuDwF40zjJa2Scg==

• Number of cases: 569833

• No. of variables per record: 15

• Type of File: text/tab-separated-values

UNF:6:hn9tK5J2LY6St4uXBI9UwA==

• Number of cases: 1351

• No. of variables per record: 8

• Type of File: text/tab-separated-values

UNF:6:eGVJ1Bi+x/eaCx6pYs0Rag==

• Number of cases: 1306

• No. of variables per record: 7

• Type of File: text/tab-separated-values

UNF:6:5/emO4CEhGS8ysCgw1dp4w==

• Number of cases: 1280

• No. of variables per record: 4

• Type of File: text/tab-separated-values

UNF:6:wUR4YofSVVAsCjPZOKLTgA==

• Number of cases: 1564

• No. of variables per record: 4

• Type of File: text/tab-separated-values

UNF:6:JSmWjo2xgQMJ3qRYjG52Dw==

• Number of cases: 36457

• No. of variables per record: 5

• Type of File: text/tab-separated-values

UNF:6:M9XNM+/aZWrN/jSD+GsjEg==

• Pasc - Share Pascalisant
• nopol - Under AF Bishop
• deppct - Canton ID
• year - Year
• above5 - High La Croix readership (>5pct)
• left19 - Vote Share Left 1919
• pct_name_prop - Canton Name
• nb_sectperm - Nb AF Branches (with permanence)
• rep - Nb of Republican Associations
• cath - Nb of Catholic Associations
• pop1926 - Population 1926
• ext_dr36 - Vote Share Ext Right in 1936
• ext_dr32 - Vote Share Ext Right in 1932
• ext_dr28 - Vote Share Ext Right in 1928
• mod_right36 - Vote Share Moderate Right in 1936
• mod_right32 - Vote Share Moderate Right in 1932
• mod_right28 - Vote Share Moderate Right in 1928
• right36 - Vote Share Right in 1936
• right32 - Vote Share Right in 1932
• right28 - Vote Share Right in 1928
• cassini - ID Commune (Cassini)
• year - Year
• cath - Nb of Catholic Associations
• rep - Nb of Republican Associations
• Pasc - Share of Pascalisants
• deppct - ID Canton
• nb_sect - Nb of Branches of Action Francaise
• com_name - Commune name (capitalized)
• above5 - High Readership of La Croix (>5pct)
• left19 - Vote Share for the Left in 1919
• nopol - Under the authority of an Anti AF Pop
• pop1926 - Population (census)
• AF_Meetings - Nb of Meetings of Action Francaise
• nb_sectpres - Nb of Branches of Action Francaise (with a president)
• nb_sectperm - Nb of Branches of Action Francaise (with a permanence)
• Depnum - ID Departement
• Pasc - Share of Pascalisant
• nopol - Under Anti AF authority
• year - Year
• partviol - Nb of Participants in Violence
• nb_day - Nb of Days of Violence
• nb_sectperm - Nb of AF Branches (with a permanence)
• pop1926 - Population in 1926
• dioc_num - ID diocese
• dioc_name - Diocese Name
• year - Year
• civil_funeral_sum - Sum of Funerals up a given year (without missing data for years)
• evequenomme - Appointed by Pope (1= L XIII, 2=P X, 3=Bs XV, 4=P XI)
• nb_sectperm - Nb of AF Branches (with a permanence)
• secburial_total - Total secular Burials (including missing years)
• cassini - cassini
• year - year
• insee - insee
• nb_sectperm - nb_sectperm
• cassini - cassini
• year - year
• insee - insee
• nb_sectperm - nb_sectperm
• insee - insee
• meeting1925 - meeting1925
• meeting1926 - meeting1926
• meeting1927 - meeting1927
• meeting1928 - meeting1928

f10884596 Location:

Summary Statistics: StDev 0.2810443755914192; Valid 42420.0; Min. 0.010786098428070545; Max. 0.9883075952529907; Mean 0.4183864304953982

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:95V8TxOsWFD9TgMTsZ91tw==

f10884596 Location:

Summary Statistics: Valid 45960.0; Mean 0.3296664895916705; Min. 0.0; Max. 1.0; StDev 0.46984868497964816;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:kVxCCEn98u9EFjtyfxL4pQ==

f10884596 Location:

Summary Statistics: Max. 9005.0; Mean 4541.917428199883; Min. 101.0; StDev 2526.1404842222632; Valid 45960.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:a1mf6tt6dUqor9nQIMojQQ==

f10884596 Location:

Summary Statistics: StDev 4.320540802466689; Valid 45960.0; Mean 1928.0; Max. 1935.0; Min. 1921.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:iCAveev8OBpfRRoSMIR7AQ==

f10884596 Location:

Summary Statistics: Mean 0.30898687310667733; StDev 0.46208091989473105; Max. 1.0; Min. 0.0; Valid 44565.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:hft+nSWry0HdIBM4G2D4CQ==

f10884596 Location:

Summary Statistics: Valid 45960.0; StDev 0.18302283328242094; Mean 0.2387134798130177; Min. 0.0; Max. 1.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:GjuQG/gNkTi0nNcanwEtew==

f10884596 Location:

Variable Format: character

Notes: UNF:6:/RfMzKrIPBK8NkAmYKNVAA==

f10884596 Location:

Summary Statistics: Mean 0.03985988120363069; Max. 5.0; Valid 45961.0; Min. 0.0; StDev 0.20219512811980037;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:mtOPgmjT4+ITPtkurm2IIA==

f10884596 Location:

Summary Statistics: Max. 12.0; Mean 0.023389395356933004; Valid 45961.0; Min. 0.0; StDev 0.21607788380815462

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:c0mU9cICqVVJdQryAg6GZQ==

f10884596 Location:

Summary Statistics: StDev 0.3371898220701946; Mean 0.02893757751137466; Min. 0.0; Valid 45961.0; Max. 52.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:rpl1ybMyNrtbBquNy9iZZA==

f10884596 Location:

Summary Statistics: Mean 14221.798807686451; Valid 45961.0; Min. 323.0; StDev 57350.92934317541; Max. 2871429.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:ffjar7Pc/yThui6tRXOT5w==

f10884596 Location:

Summary Statistics: Min. 0.0; Valid 42165.0; Mean 0.01322775437825243; StDev 0.06071246287576401; Max. 0.5829503536224365

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:L5noWsik5jFcje/JqYUj9Q==

f10884596 Location:

Summary Statistics: Mean 0.009012367383556489; Max. 0.46590909361839294; Valid 41925.0; Min. 0.0; StDev 0.04054861970780793;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:0fSIjSv5zTdr2VJomPaFQQ==

f10884596 Location:

Summary Statistics: Valid 41925.0; Min. 0.0; StDev 0.00787745707169775; Mean 2.900807396883344E-4; Max. 0.2827305197715759

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:3r4hFbqcjy999ssaqL1/yw==

f10884596 Location:

Summary Statistics: StDev 0.2506748859251027; Mean 0.26233991918729366; Valid 42165.0; Min. 0.0; Max. 0.9916926026344299;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:avAPgq4OHKqsRcxKa+dCzw==

f10884596 Location:

Summary Statistics: Mean 0.3050864494160751; Max. 1.0; Min. 0.0; StDev 0.2879484248970236; Valid 41925.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:+GO5CSpuzz+XlK5iNZo0uA==

f10884596 Location:

Summary Statistics: Mean 0.3030098668981053; Valid 41925.0; Max. 1.0; StDev 0.26583965600558285; Min. 0.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:2K3XF9Sn6ZF621szQT+yrg==

f10884596 Location:

Summary Statistics: Max. 1.0; Mean 0.4585105762934871; Min. 0.0; Valid 42165.0; StDev 0.2633477256275199

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:Wne797Ox9JeZdJp1WOt0Yw==

f10884596 Location:

Summary Statistics: Valid 41925.0; Mean 0.44985048024288166; Min. 0.0; StDev 0.28837250032433737; Max. 1.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:LyFWFk8EpPEbaWnfjTu7dw==

f10884596 Location:

Summary Statistics: Min. 0.0; Mean 0.5103673143170487; Valid 41925.0; StDev 0.2624849523997495; Max. 1.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:YBtGg4HHNvJappotVIXnTg==

f10884598 Location:

Summary Statistics: StDev 12027.9001046304; Valid 569832.0; Max. 76227.0; Min. 1.0; Mean 20769.54364973637

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:PVU/QHyWfKIlRs5JOzUhnw==

f10884598 Location:

Summary Statistics: Mean 1928.0; Min. 1921.0; Valid 569760.0; Max. 1935.0; StDev 4.320497590446828;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:3QpOI/509ZlzihwmnlKX7g==

f10884598 Location:

Summary Statistics: Valid 569833.0; Mean 0.0023340171593893098; Max. 52.0; Min. 0.0; StDev 0.09533341876876146;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:MaRFsat95ESHZBtSpRH4xw==

f10884598 Location:

Summary Statistics: Mean 0.0018865176288638394; StDev 0.06063392659543737; Min. 0.0; Max. 12.0; Valid 569833.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:ivmozuI9vJ1rAzP0bl/1ZA==

f10884598 Location:

Summary Statistics: Min. 0.010786098428070545; StDev 0.27250547543659276; Max. 0.9883075952529907; Mean 0.3970501865943001; Valid 512580.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:/qG1nv9quZIZseKG6JKdxw==

f10884598 Location:

Summary Statistics: StDev 2507.520337336066; Min. 101.0; Mean 4582.99228622624; Valid 569760.0; Max. 9005.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:yVBx6DvhzRoCrBG7EtIM4A==

f10884598 Location:

Summary Statistics: Valid 569760.0; StDev 0.1105310920417135; Max. 1.0; Mean 0.012370120752579847; Min. 0.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:TejGw5X2kGnLmb9Yru/jHQ==

f10884598 Location:

Variable Format: character

Notes: UNF:6:OIhRrsiUHUB3rPFzCnjBHQ==

f10884598 Location:

Summary Statistics: Max. 1.0; Valid 544215.0; Mean 0.35522725393456056; Min. 0.0; StDev 0.4785825663988552

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:PSWG7F+zGflAF+pg1wy9IA==

f10884598 Location:

Summary Statistics: StDev 0.17950695680745865; Min. 0.0; Max. 1.0; Mean 0.2383916062790753; Valid 569760.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:wuHbfki+jyL/+pJtmWmvIw==

f10884598 Location:

Summary Statistics: Min. 0.0; Max. 1.0; StDev 0.4578408527997477; Mean 0.2990469671440847; Valid 569760.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:dVY6bmN393rPiQVUXdDWOw==

f10884598 Location:

Summary Statistics: Valid 569517.0; StDev 16376.754792838683; Mean 1147.723588583897; Min. 0.0; Max. 2871429.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:UOuWo0U6554XBJ+7IP0X3Q==

f10884598 Location:

Summary Statistics: Max. 1641.0; Mean 0.20615259056426866; Min. 0.0; StDev 7.589000189231557; Valid 151936.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:aZu8XKL2y/WBamQw3WsGtA==

f10884598 Location:

Summary Statistics: Max. 1.0; Mean 0.007928638741520196; StDev 0.08868928476991084; Valid 569833.0; Min. 0.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:BuBTDZrLH3AtFWGk6BSKDQ==

f10884598 Location:

Summary Statistics: Mean 0.003214977019577074; Valid 569833.0; StDev 0.05660959782690579; Max. 1.0; Min. 0.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:mOliVZgBY7+S4uykYcer3Q==

f10884591 Location:

Summary Statistics: StDev 25.98878557257794; Valid 1350.0; Max. 90.0; Min. 1.0; Mean 45.5;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:rc6/b+3sdnrhhJj5PM9hXg==

f10884591 Location:

Summary Statistics: Valid 1305.0; StDev 0.25443621881442713; Max. 0.9320240616798401; Min. 0.04640784114599228; Mean 0.4134833050527794

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:L/fbfShcu+95nELaJskRAg==

f10884591 Location:

Summary Statistics: Min. 0.0; Valid 1350.0; Max. 1.0; Mean 0.3282175389428926; StDev 0.4649305197271382

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:iytcGHxjLy/SkAj9DeEwmQ==

f10884591 Location:

Summary Statistics: Mean 1928.0; Max. 1935.0; Valid 1350.0; StDev 4.322094871366678; Min. 1921.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:x87bLLrF31melNvYWb18Og==

f10884591 Location:

Summary Statistics: Max. 256590.0; Mean 909.8888888888947; Valid 540.0; StDev 11240.071771944618; Min. 0.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:L2K27Fd0zxiq+ZSF6PJl2g==

f10884591 Location:

Summary Statistics: Max. 330.0; Mean 1.5407407407407558; StDev 12.50634410571209; Min. 0.0; Valid 1350.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:C+n5gzN8XAKXMY6sBKCriQ==

f10884591 Location:

Summary Statistics: StDev 1.9127794499402733; Mean 1.4307920059215355; Min. 0.0; Valid 1351.0; Max. 23.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:w2SGfCkhQKgzpEsWA1F4OQ==

f10884591 Location:

Summary Statistics: Max. 7490237.0; Valid 1351.0; StDev 790326.6556562791; Min. 36085.0; Mean 483825.38490007265

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:yqoqG2qNG1nwGDmbaXuhtg==

f10884574 Location:

Summary Statistics: Mean 44.0; Max. 87.0; Valid 1305.0; StDev 25.122705004606217; Min. 1.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:9Le39AHazBW7NIc8voq6xw==

f10884574 Location:

Variable Format: character

Notes: UNF:6:am22uDbVmSYxD4TIiizoQQ==

f10884574 Location:

Summary Statistics: Max. 1935.0; Min. 1921.0; StDev 4.322150112512524; Mean 1928.0; Valid 1305.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:FnUfWLNOqkNOOxFZ6nRcKw==

f10884574 Location:

Summary Statistics: Min. 0.0; Valid 1305.0; Mean 0.23371647509578627; Max. 13.0; StDev 0.9348880691080458;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:KX3M0IVZOcwtGDLDbfGLJg==

f10884574 Location:

Summary Statistics: Min. 1.0; StDev 0.9606715266431182; Max. 4.0; Valid 1305.0; Mean 2.6321839080459783

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:wR7MN6TEHoAVLj6rPxR1aQ==

f10884574 Location:

Summary Statistics: Mean 1.480091883614088; Max. 23.0; Valid 1306.0; Min. 0.0; StDev 1.8933200560028736

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:pxCGs+kv9gNIkI3sV1XRNw==

f10884574 Location:

Summary Statistics: Max. 17.0; StDev 2.4654893915479654; Min. 0.0; Valid 1306.0; Mean 1.3897396630934133

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:2NpE+crpt6Xa0VAbvnNzoQ==

f10884600 Location:

Summary Statistics: StDev 12110.481223256651; Max. 40959.0; Mean 20028.77968750003; Min. 24.0; Valid 1280.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:JgAke831zliHqDKo8fTqsw==

f10884600 Location:

Summary Statistics: Min. 1927.0; Mean 1930.93359375; Max. 1935.0; Valid 1280.0; StDev 2.557142944404109;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:q3EYcK6fqLyqUJXkf5B+ng==

f10884600 Location:

Summary Statistics: Valid 1280.0; Mean 48756.28750000001; Min. 1053.0; StDev 25540.28663175832; Max. 95585.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:2SA9FxaI95M53sv6gkfALA==

f10884600 Location:

Summary Statistics: StDev 0.0; Min. 1.0; Max. 1.0; Mean 1.0; Valid 1280.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:jSOdkNa/2sc1dA9TWySt8w==

f10884603 Location:

Summary Statistics: Max. 41221.0; Valid 1564.0; Min. 148.0; Mean 20243.453964194443; StDev 12006.5637894124

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:MkEeqm6kMqfx0l0QErIq5A==

f10884603 Location:

Summary Statistics: Min. 1909.0; StDev 6.130267344829964; Valid 1564.0; Max. 1926.0; Mean 1915.7666240409208;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:U5npB8ryIXf1TnO4T0LXHA==

f10884603 Location:

Summary Statistics: Max. 95210.0; Valid 1564.0; StDev 25112.288158720126; Min. 1053.0; Mean 48986.617007672634

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:TMmEF6ttLfk5PAYZjxgKXQ==

f10884603 Location:

Summary Statistics: Max. 1.0; StDev 0.0; Min. 1.0; Valid 1564.0; Mean 1.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:63Y2ml38qsnlnL3qJEXMKw==

f10884570 Location:

Variable Format: character

Notes: UNF:6:15gCbTu6pW/Kr9KFgHXXlA==

f10884570 Location:

Summary Statistics: Mean 0.128373930217255; StDev 6.282690853582931; Valid 36456.0; Min. 0.0; Max. 1171.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:w2VsEg/7M7Layd0mLJu4Vg==

f10884570 Location:

Summary Statistics: Valid 36456.0; Mean 0.2117072635505834; StDev 7.5341239765370345; Min. 0.0; Max. 1374.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:1lRLCwTaXz3cRdLf0ooSgQ==

f10884570 Location:

Summary Statistics: Valid 36456.0; Max. 1641.0; Min. 0.0; StDev 9.109225568916623; Mean 0.27391924511738563

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:5WhMwguWhZvan3UF2aBUlg==

f10884570 Location:

Summary Statistics: Max. 1398.0; Mean 0.24517226245337082; Min. 0.0; Valid 36456.0; StDev 7.819154411112953

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:LQmFS9Z5esFNJ48B0k0rYg==

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Codebook.md

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Codebook.pdf

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README.md

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README.pdf

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Master.do

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1.Preparation Commune_data.do

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2.Preparation Canton_data.do

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3.Preparation Departement_data.do

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4.Preparation Diocese_data.do

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Maps.qgz

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Branches.zip

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DEPARTEMENTS_1919.zip

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