Replication Data for: Do External Threats Reduce Affective Polarization? An Experiment on Russia's Invasion of Ukraine (doi:10.7910/DVN/U5ZRGK)

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Replication Data for: Do External Threats Reduce Affective Polarization? An Experiment on Russia's Invasion of Ukraine

doi:10.7910/DVN/U5ZRGK

Harvard Dataverse

2025-03-04

1

Pilgaard Kaiser, Jonas; Seier, Markus, 2025, "Replication Data for: Do External Threats Reduce Affective Polarization? An Experiment on Russia's Invasion of Ukraine", https://doi.org/10.7910/DVN/U5ZRGK, Harvard Dataverse, V1, UNF:6:9DEurS6nPX/zXjJtIqtaTA== [fileUNF]

Replication Data for: Do External Threats Reduce Affective Polarization? An Experiment on Russia's Invasion of Ukraine

doi:10.7910/DVN/U5ZRGK

Pilgaard Kaiser, Jonas (Technical University of Berlin)

Seier, Markus (Aarhus University)

Harvard Dataverse

Pilgaard Kaiser, Jonas

Pilgaard Kaiser, Jonas

2025-02-06

https://doi.org/10.7910/DVN/U5ZRGK

Social Sciences, Affective polarization, 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine, External threat, Social identity, Common enemy effect

In many countries, partisans have become increasingly biased in how they evaluate others based on political affiliation. We suggest that this increase in affective polarization may in part be caused by changes in the global power distribution which caused many countries to experience a long period without external (military) threats. To study the importance of external threats, we conduct a priming experiment to examine how making Russia's full-scale invasion of Ukraine in 2022 salient causally influences affective polarization and collaboration in the U.S. We find that priming Americans with Russia's military aggression leads to a modest reduction in affective polarization and an increase in cooperativeness as measured by behavior in an incentivized coordination game. Surprisingly, the effect of making Russia's invasion salient does not depend on perceived cross-party disagreement about the conflict. These results suggest that researchers should also consider international relations to understand within-country polarization and willingness to collaborate.

• Number of cases: 1403

• No. of variables per record: 98

• Type of File: text/tab-separated-values

UNF:6:9DEurS6nPX/zXjJtIqtaTA==

The anonymized and cleaned dataset used for all analyses in the paper and appendix.

• StartDate - StartDate
• EndDate - EndDate
• Durationinseconds - Duration in seconds
• RecordedDate - RecordedDate
• Q_RelevantIDFraudScore - Fraud score
• Age - Age
• Gender - Gender
• Demographics_FirstClick - Demographics first click
• Demographics_LastClick - Demographics last click
• FTDemRep_FirstClick - FT order DemRep first click
• FTRepDem_FirstClick - FT order RepDem first click
• P1Dec_P2Dem_Demfirst - P1 decision, player 2 Democrat
• P2Dec_P1Dem_Demfirst - P2 decision, player 1 Democrat
• P1Dec_P2Rep_Replast - P1 decision, player 2 Republican
• P2_Dec_P1Rep_Replast - P2 decision, player 1 Republican
• P1Dec_P2Rep_Repfirst - P1 decision, player 2 Republican
• P2Dec_P1Rep_Repfirst - P2 decision, player 1 Republican
• P1Dec_P2Dem_Demlast - P1 decision, player 2 Democrat
• P2_Dec_P1Dem_Demlast - P2 decision, player 1 Democrat
• Treatment - Treatment condition
• Prolific_Score - Prolific score
• Male - 1 if gender is male
• Control_Condition - 1 if control condition
• Invasion_Condition - 1 if invasion condition
• Disagreement_Condition - 1 if disagreement condition
• Employed - 1 if employed
• Unemployed - 1 if unemployed
• Student - 1 if student
• Schooling_Rank - Rank 1 to 7 of level of schooling
• White - 1 if white or caucasian
• Threat_Perception - 1 to 5 severity of threat
• Disagreement_Perception - 1 to 5 perception of political disagreement
• Following_Invasion - 1 to 5 following invasion extent
• Dem_Patriotic - 1 to 5 Democrats patriotic
• Rep_Patriotic - 1 to 5 Republicans patriotic
• Dem_Selfish - 1 to 5 Democratis selfish
• Rep_Selfish - 1 to 5 Republicans selfish
• Dem_Intelligent - 1 to 5 Democrats intelligent
• Rep_Intelligent - 1 to 5 Republicans intelligent
• Dem_Openminded - 1 to 5 Democrats open-minded
• Rep_Openminded - 1 to 5 Republicans open-minded
• Dem_Honest - 1 to 5 Democrats honest
• Rep_Honest - 1 to 5 Republicans honest
• Political_Interest - 1 to 5 political interest
• Democrat - 1 if Democrat
• Republican - 1 if Republican
• StrongSupporter - 1 if strong supporter
• FT_InParty - FT rating of own party
• FT_OutParty - FT rating of other party
• AP_FT - Difference between own- and other party FT rating
• Patriotic_InParty - 1 to 5 patriotic fits own party
• Patriotic_OutParty - 1 to 5 patriotic fits other party
• AP_Patriotic - Difference between own- and other party patriotic rating
• Selfish_InParty - 1 to 5 selfish fits own party
• Selfish_OutParty - 1 to 5 selfish fits other party
• AP_Selfish - Difference between own- and other party selfish rating
• Intelligent_InParty - 1 to 5 intelligent fits own party
• Intelligent_OutParty - 1 to 5 intelligent fits other party
• AP_Intelligent - Difference between own- and other party intelligent rating
• Openminded_InParty - 1 to 5 open-minded fits own party
• Openminded_OutParty - 1 to 5 open-minded fits other party
• AP_Openminded - Difference between own- and other party open-minded rating
• Honest_InParty - 1 to 5 honest fits own party
• Honest_OutParty - 1 to 5 honest fits other party
• AP_Honest - Difference between own- and other party honest rating
• P1_Type1 - 1 if P1 decision is B in both cases
• P1_Type2 - 1 if P1 decision is B for own and A for other party
• P1_Type3 - 1 if P1 decision is A in both cases
• P1_Type4 - 1 if P1 decision is A for own and B for other party
• P1_Type - All types in one variable
• Self_Employed
• Other_Employment
• Retired
• Schoolingdum1 - Schooling==Associate degree (e.g., AA, AS)
• Schoolingdum2 - Schooling==Bachelor's degree (e.g., BA, BS)
• Schoolingdum3 - Schooling==Doctorate or professional degree (e.g., MD, DDS, PhD)
• Schoolingdum4 - Schooling==High school degree or equivalent (e.g., GED)
• Schoolingdum5 - Schooling==Less than a high school diploma
• Schoolingdum6 - Schooling==Master's degree (e.g., MA, MS, MEd)
• Schoolingdum7 - Schooling==Some college, no degree
• Bachelors_Degree
• Masters_Degree
• High_School
• Associate_Degree
• Doctorate
• Less_Than_HS
• Some_College
• Ethnicitydum1 - Ethnicity==Asian American
• Ethnicitydum2 - Ethnicity==Black or African American
• Ethnicitydum3 - Ethnicity==Hispanic or Latino
• Ethnicitydum4 - Ethnicity==Other
• Ethnicitydum5 - Ethnicity==White or Caucasian
• Asian_American
• Black
• Hispanic
• Other_Ethnicity
• P1_InParty
• P1_OutParty

f10871693 Location:

Variable Format: character

Notes: UNF:6:gH3bqvuYVNUTX/4qyShosg==

f10871693 Location:

Variable Format: character

Notes: UNF:6:efBNO01T4mT/d4FNSnTQYA==

f10871693 Location:

Summary Statistics: Max. 4050.0; Min. 134.0; Mean 569.1539558089808; StDev 353.64770338101357; Valid 1403.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:WDkB/KCsgPogsU9qq0/2Wg==

f10871693 Location:

Variable Format: character

Notes: UNF:6:qO3rF4UJ1QSl9WNKjM0twg==

f10871693 Location:

Summary Statistics: Mean 0.859486447931525; Min. 0.0; Valid 1402.0; Max. 75.0; StDev 5.078914637733976;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:J8fs3HP4MQaycCtM3HMcwg==

f10871693 Location:

Summary Statistics: Valid 1403.0; Mean 40.00285103349965; Max. 80.0; Min. 18.0; StDev 14.383527703033296

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:VmykTo4QuOnFZMTjYjHT0Q==

f10871693 Location:

Variable Format: character

Notes: UNF:6:T1C7jB2vrqheOqsJIxsalQ==

f10871693 Location:

Variable Format: character

Notes: UNF:6:lI2h3sIRVMZowi+73h3KbQ==

f10871693 Location:

Variable Format: character

Notes: UNF:6:ZlVhSkBfRGXvVOIAhitYyA==

f10871693 Location:

Variable Format: character

Notes: UNF:6:blUnAA6h3hYyLjEolKJ5QA==

f10871693 Location:

Variable Format: character

Notes: UNF:6:paR0bJ9ZXrZipThqASOB+A==

f10871693 Location:

Variable Format: character

Notes: UNF:6:Wc+PDb6ZNSykHI6pcC43qA==

f10871693 Location:

Variable Format: character

Notes: UNF:6:C4nOw1DIZHBqZnTIKdsokA==

f10871693 Location:

Variable Format: character

Notes: UNF:6:gNvtb1cqyMmvw1+2EJlG0A==

f10871693 Location:

Variable Format: character

Notes: UNF:6:ahz/8kf1PSubYRi59Au3zA==

f10871693 Location:

Variable Format: character

Notes: UNF:6:VdX3U74mKTfCVRQO9Wb2Fw==

f10871693 Location:

Variable Format: character

Notes: UNF:6:mud+25hNncJ3ReIOowLmiw==

f10871693 Location:

Variable Format: character

Notes: UNF:6:lSlhZqkcrOgs9r289DxSEA==

f10871693 Location:

Variable Format: character

Notes: UNF:6:F17l/1mW/GoNeO1QL/R/hw==

f10871693 Location:

Variable Format: character

Notes: UNF:6:dX9z6/0vdpCf1mWu9VvuUg==

f10871693 Location:

Summary Statistics: Min. 98.0; StDev 0.3933942808638502; Max. 100.0; Valid 1403.0; Mean 99.83321454027084;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:JbWKKR3VwG4VSpObrUKgYQ==

f10871693 Location:

Summary Statistics: Valid 1403.0; Mean 0.49893086243763374; StDev 0.5001771414409182; Max. 1.0; Min. 0.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:WGZhuNuj8JIbbQWq4u6rAg==

f10871693 Location:

Summary Statistics: Min. 0.0; Mean 0.3349964362081254; Valid 1403.0; Max. 1.0; StDev 0.4721575172545588;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:UkcpzIKRaICG1UaFlvyBpg==

f10871693 Location:

Summary Statistics: Mean 0.32501781895937276; Min. 0.0; Valid 1403.0; StDev 0.4685485179384151; Max. 1.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:1PlfEKzv2aBKvPehfBNZZQ==

f10871693 Location:

Summary Statistics: StDev 0.4738728647545757; Mean 0.3399857448325017; Min. 0.0; Valid 1403.0; Max. 1.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:YHkqS8CTpTnZuZSj7P/QaQ==

f10871693 Location:

Summary Statistics: Max. 1.0; Min. 0.0; StDev 0.44709467170757994; Valid 1403.0; Mean 0.7241625089094796

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:I5oKRT0rdgvvpkIrTyyH2Q==

f10871693 Location:

Summary Statistics: StDev 0.30452396747566146; Min. 0.0; Mean 0.1033499643620811; Max. 1.0; Valid 1403.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:jFQRmni1UzQuu0HMrIuY4Q==

f10871693 Location:

Summary Statistics: Mean 0.07697790449037804; Max. 1.0; Valid 1403.0; Min. 0.0; StDev 0.26665143157195387

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:7AxM9gd+KiHSQGhGQGklCw==

f10871693 Location:

Summary Statistics: Max. 7.0; Min. 1.0; Valid 1403.0; Mean 4.325017818959373; StDev 1.3969070875463379

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:fHj/QghjcZhYQOmm7gTo3w==

f10871693 Location:

Summary Statistics: Valid 1403.0; Min. 0.0; StDev 0.3822079670779057; Mean 0.8225231646471843; Max. 1.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:f+onNVffaZU360GBdT0RzA==

f10871693 Location:

Summary Statistics: Max. 5.0; Min. 1.0; StDev 1.0617568093177623; Valid 1403.0; Mean 3.4233784746970803

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:wZaWx8/KL9GBaU4EjhAzfw==

f10871693 Location:

Summary Statistics: Max. 5.0; Min. 1.0; Mean 3.034212401995723; StDev 1.1275178844146585; Valid 1403.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:cCFBlbeGGr7ICaQiC2QVLw==

f10871693 Location:

Summary Statistics: Valid 1403.0; Mean 3.260156806842481; StDev 0.8930076947423878; Min. 1.0; Max. 5.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:GYhUBp5mj5upetoXWZ8bQw==

f10871693 Location:

Summary Statistics: StDev 1.2967880837027872; Min. 1.0; Valid 1403.0; Mean 3.076977904490378; Max. 5.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:fR3z3zJ1qN9SPNCNurD+6A==

f10871693 Location:

Summary Statistics: Valid 1403.0; StDev 1.2673568447989942; Max. 5.0; Min. 1.0; Mean 3.1197434069850334

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:VKvSHvn/o4i7tkfZHzPDTw==

f10871693 Location:

Summary Statistics: Valid 1403.0; Max. 5.0; Min. 1.0; StDev 1.2860089629998512; Mean 3.1931575196008555

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:pMlJHOmGmIafMR9gUSHSDg==

f10871693 Location:

Summary Statistics: Mean 3.317177476835352; Valid 1403.0; StDev 1.2191575933328316; Min. 1.0; Max. 5.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:Y646RBvA5lVxDgoJHlA3og==

f10871693 Location:

Summary Statistics: Mean 3.069137562366358; Valid 1403.0; StDev 1.1064245200559044; Max. 5.0; Min. 1.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:JtVNNyjcCfIZAM/Sh1DfCQ==

f10871693 Location:

Summary Statistics: Max. 5.0; Valid 1403.0; Min. 1.0; Mean 2.9893086243763376; StDev 1.049026323009273;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:sBrMtqMqjvkTPmOqGSVFEA==

f10871693 Location:

Summary Statistics: Valid 1403.0; StDev 1.2898370921995033; Max. 5.0; Mean 2.513898788310763; Min. 1.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:v4pwH9AZEfoKzoeI53wHnw==

f10871693 Location:

Summary Statistics: Mean 2.570206699928724; Min. 1.0; Valid 1403.0; StDev 1.2417587499966733; Max. 5.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:dGBBWFnbPFg7mLggulJuNw==

f10871693 Location:

Summary Statistics: Valid 1403.0; StDev 1.0961843491124357; Max. 5.0; Min. 1.0; Mean 2.5074839629365644

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:D5leGlUX3/3bWkJFwVOseA==

f10871693 Location:

Summary Statistics: Min. 1.0; Mean 2.4568781183178916; Max. 5.0; StDev 1.062303477221218; Valid 1403.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:LSrtoCkLWih6AnPTRQhCjA==

f10871693 Location:

Summary Statistics: Valid 1403.0; Min. 1.0; Mean 3.344262295081971; Max. 5.0; StDev 0.977901809115114;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:kQv4DHGP9FHZmVK87UNhpw==

f10871693 Location:

Summary Statistics: Max. 1.0; Mean 0.5081967213114746; Valid 1403.0; StDev 0.5001110701918854; Min. 0.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:f2/erNBwbZNZ/zOoLrYbNw==

f10871693 Location:

Summary Statistics: StDev 0.5001110701918854; Min. 0.0; Valid 1403.0; Max. 1.0; Mean 0.49180327868852536

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:5+k8I1jJpsw+SER8QuiTWg==

f10871693 Location:

Summary Statistics: Mean 0.4803991446899512; StDev 0.4997938066133669; Max. 1.0; Valid 1403.0; Min. 0.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:nkiXv4DGYeYh8tDvqK0koA==

f10871693 Location:

Summary Statistics: Min. 0.0; Max. 100.0; StDev 19.25264260002117; Mean 70.40199572344973; Valid 1403.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:iEwx2DFEYwU92br1HpS9cQ==

f10871693 Location:

Summary Statistics: Mean 20.788310762651573; Valid 1403.0; Min. 0.0; Max. 100.0; StDev 20.28601002610541;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:8rsXuOPJH21d+cTu8lwjdQ==

f10871693 Location:

Summary Statistics: Min. -39.0; Mean 49.613684960798274; Valid 1403.0; StDev 28.22988240357707; Max. 100.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:1ZjN2xWNrD7XyP4hOxWvDw==

f10871693 Location:

Summary Statistics: Mean 3.129009265858873; Max. 5.0; Min. 1.0; StDev 1.259386815811528; Valid 1403.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:Tb2+OqBDGcRloXSqZ7o/tA==

f10871693 Location:

Summary Statistics: Max. 5.0; Min. 1.0; Mean 3.067712045616536; StDev 1.3041597432814784; Valid 1403.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:MjSnBHU6WN70ZWPkMBZG0Q==

f10871693 Location:

Summary Statistics: Valid 1403.0; Min. -4.0; Max. 4.0; StDev 2.1661921268171747; Mean 0.061297220242337844

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:73CPdh8HLItGqiynvYRoyg==

f10871693 Location:

Summary Statistics: Mean 3.2537419814682824; Min. 1.0; Valid 1403.0; Max. 5.0; StDev 1.2582588377798645;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:Qk59Ixw0EcSm9vXfIj/Oog==

f10871693 Location:

Summary Statistics: Min. 1.0; Mean 3.256593014967924; StDev 1.2508560591080693; Max. 5.0; Valid 1403.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:4qD0jkE3fmLjWiDQymdHFg==

f10871693 Location:

Summary Statistics: Max. 4.0; Valid 1403.0; StDev 2.088277962165329; Min. -4.0; Mean -0.0028510334996444528

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:aSMUDjeeJSfTZpmAYyrFkg==

f10871693 Location:

Summary Statistics: Valid 1403.0; StDev 1.0528715784153333; Max. 5.0; Min. 1.0; Mean 3.044903777619386;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:95GdivEu2yfYcYkQWDEimw==

f10871693 Location:

Summary Statistics: Valid 1403.0; Max. 5.0; Min. 1.0; StDev 1.1039879384338025; Mean 3.013542409123308;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:k7T6x4UdtkFbjvs9FWCkiA==

f10871693 Location:

Summary Statistics: StDev 1.7014343407327481; Mean 0.03136136849608089; Max. 4.0; Valid 1403.0; Min. -4.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:ox2ZZZ56UPTzFR+dt7YhaA==

f10871693 Location:

Summary Statistics: Valid 1403.0; StDev 1.2850404562057585; Mean 2.5908766928011406; Max. 5.0; Min. 1.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:nPHaDHEoYFtPK7Uoi8b7jw==

f10871693 Location:

Summary Statistics: Mean 2.4932287954383456; Valid 1403.0; StDev 1.24544410081022; Max. 5.0; Min. 1.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:bBILGYOCzHJMxe8gsFu56g==

f10871693 Location:

Summary Statistics: StDev 2.2161420253462882; Mean 0.0976478973627947; Valid 1403.0; Max. 4.0; Min. -4.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:59fYRp4ainZWUmmT//Yw/g==

f10871693 Location:

Summary Statistics: Min. 1.0; StDev 1.0577847776198177; Valid 1403.0; Max. 5.0; Mean 2.494654312188169

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:3+v2s5CIm/kpOcjEyGtMWw==

f10871693 Location:

Summary Statistics: Mean 2.4697077690662845; Valid 1403.0; Min. 1.0; Max. 5.0; StDev 1.1009859996004445;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:9AjX2gBeTHTnDA84eJ//1w==

f10871693 Location:

Summary Statistics: Max. 4.0; StDev 1.7291919379282237; Min. -4.0; Mean 0.02494654312188071; Valid 1403.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:jkr2rkVWxT3nD+sLV2lgJg==

f10871693 Location:

Summary Statistics: StDev 0.4788854540437958; Max. 1.0; Mean 0.3556664290805411; Min. 0.0; Valid 1403.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:jtcRaNCh0FZpArAVlA+Uag==

f10871693 Location:

Summary Statistics: StDev 0.31969846841250554; Max. 1.0; Mean 0.11546685673556632; Min. 0.0; Valid 1403.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:AjK4ySGCrUW6aI5QMJINYA==

f10871693 Location:

Summary Statistics: Max. 1.0; Min. 0.0; StDev 0.5001110701918882; Valid 1403.0; Mean 0.4918032786885253;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:TH1bxwcDa0DDts0sh/00yg==

f10871693 Location:

Summary Statistics: Mean 0.03706343549536719; Min. 0.0; Valid 1403.0; StDev 0.18898463839148458; Max. 1.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:yv25z9Xy5XhJaGPR75JGeg==

f10871693 Location:

Summary Statistics: Valid 1403.0; Mean 2.210263720598716; Max. 4.0; Min. 1.0; StDev 0.9758029001155982;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:gE1PEdV1qj/+eXiLU6z0oA==

f10871693 Location:

Summary Statistics: Valid 1403.0; StDev 0.30265680906562187; Max. 1.0; Mean 0.10192444761225951; Min. 0.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:tCvXy4XvKDniDfpZRkbPOQ==

f10871693 Location:

Summary Statistics: StDev 0.16238850428608476; Valid 1403.0; Max. 1.0; Mean 0.027084818246614434; Min. 0.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:pgPFa50lc9TlbTuPRny7Mg==

f10871693 Location:

Summary Statistics: Min. 0.0; StDev 0.25256348874395795; Mean 0.06842480399144682; Max. 1.0; Valid 1403.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:ARff1MKliWuA/LST9AqsEg==

f10871693 Location:

Summary Statistics: Valid 1403.0; Mean 0.09836065573770471; StDev 0.29790786125985946; Max. 1.0; Min. 0.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:ZJqiON+dTFEDgNPDT8M2dg==

f10871693 Location:

Summary Statistics: Valid 1403.0; Min. 0.0; StDev 0.4896013556086868; Mean 0.3977191732002852; Max. 1.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:7mzvcW/cYcPQENHK9Gc9ZQ==

f10871693 Location:

Summary Statistics: Mean 0.039914468995010666; Valid 1403.0; Min. 0.0; StDev 0.19582808141934918; Max. 1.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:PY9X7+LV7hof/FtzXGM/AA==

f10871693 Location:

Summary Statistics: Min. 0.0; StDev 0.3264398402533327; Valid 1403.0; Mean 0.12116892373485391; Max. 1.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:+KMKBIw0Uw0lH9qxs4coAw==

f10871693 Location:

Summary Statistics: Valid 1403.0; Max. 1.0; Min. 0.0; StDev 0.08822935775375655; Mean 0.007840342124019985;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:IvwE70yrj6Hzv4gQWjQmYQ==

f10871693 Location:

Summary Statistics: Valid 1403.0; Min. 0.0; Max. 1.0; Mean 0.13613684960798308; StDev 0.343056104057771

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:8G2U1mNdyQ6lZhOzGj/sTg==

f10871693 Location:

Summary Statistics: Max. 1.0; Valid 1403.0; StDev 0.39928446641489546; Min. 0.0; Mean 0.1988595866001425

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:z19a0fG9xZuME4xYQ6O/lw==

f10871693 Location:

Summary Statistics: Max. 1.0; Valid 1403.0; Min. 0.0; StDev 0.4896013556086868; Mean 0.3977191732002852

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:7mzvcW/cYcPQENHK9Gc9ZQ==

f10871693 Location:

Summary Statistics: Min. 0.0; Max. 1.0; Mean 0.13613684960798308; Valid 1403.0; StDev 0.343056104057771

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:8G2U1mNdyQ6lZhOzGj/sTg==

f10871693 Location:

Summary Statistics: Mean 0.12116892373485391; Min. 0.0; Valid 1403.0; Max. 1.0; StDev 0.3264398402533327

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:+KMKBIw0Uw0lH9qxs4coAw==

f10871693 Location:

Summary Statistics: Valid 1403.0; Mean 0.09836065573770471; Min. 0.0; Max. 1.0; StDev 0.29790786125985946;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:ZJqiON+dTFEDgNPDT8M2dg==

f10871693 Location:

Summary Statistics: Min. 0.0; StDev 0.19582808141934918; Valid 1403.0; Max. 1.0; Mean 0.039914468995010666

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:PY9X7+LV7hof/FtzXGM/AA==

f10871693 Location:

Summary Statistics: StDev 0.08822935775375655; Min. 0.0; Mean 0.007840342124019985; Valid 1403.0; Max. 1.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:IvwE70yrj6Hzv4gQWjQmYQ==

f10871693 Location:

Summary Statistics: StDev 0.39928446641489546; Max. 1.0; Valid 1403.0; Mean 0.1988595866001425; Min. 0.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:z19a0fG9xZuME4xYQ6O/lw==

f10871693 Location:

Summary Statistics: Valid 1403.0; Mean 0.06628652886671431; Min. 0.0; StDev 0.248870992503544; Max. 1.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:Uu3PulKvbKp/th7uS6WhBw==

f10871693 Location:

Summary Statistics: Max. 1.0; StDev 0.20559255858988051; Min. 0.0; Valid 1403.0; Mean 0.04419101924447631

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:O/ANjnDfpl03pglps7+oGg==

f10871693 Location:

Summary Statistics: Valid 1403.0; StDev 0.2236019095099836; Mean 0.05274411974340702; Min. 0.0; Max. 1.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:x0M0TqggzF2OKzNdUFrEXA==

f10871693 Location:

Summary Statistics: Valid 1403.0; StDev 0.11858322179878593; Max. 1.0; Min. 0.0; Mean 0.014255167498217985;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:rFtG6V0FG5dtMbRmxE9lcw==

f10871693 Location:

Summary Statistics: Mean 0.8225231646471843; Max. 1.0; Min. 0.0; Valid 1403.0; StDev 0.3822079670779057

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:f+onNVffaZU360GBdT0RzA==

f10871693 Location:

Summary Statistics: Max. 1.0; StDev 0.248870992503544; Mean 0.06628652886671431; Min. 0.0; Valid 1403.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:Uu3PulKvbKp/th7uS6WhBw==

f10871693 Location:

Summary Statistics: StDev 0.20559255858988051; Valid 1403.0; Mean 0.04419101924447631; Max. 1.0; Min. 0.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:O/ANjnDfpl03pglps7+oGg==

f10871693 Location:

Summary Statistics: Mean 0.05274411974340702; Max. 1.0; Min. 0.0; Valid 1403.0; StDev 0.2236019095099836

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:x0M0TqggzF2OKzNdUFrEXA==

f10871693 Location:

Summary Statistics: Max. 1.0; Mean 0.014255167498217985; Valid 1403.0; Min. 0.0; StDev 0.11858322179878593

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:rFtG6V0FG5dtMbRmxE9lcw==

f10871693 Location:

Summary Statistics: Max. 1.0; Min. 0.0; StDev 0.4993440048169364; Valid 1403.0; Mean 0.47113328581610814

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:EnHRp3Z1tTtAdVQ8gywMIw==

f10871693 Location:

Summary Statistics: StDev 0.48853170548094; Min. 0.0; Max. 1.0; Mean 0.39272986457590875; Valid 1403.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:BJaQpkZs0ngeT6V60yZ3CQ==

Label:

Appendix.do

Text:

This script replicates all results from the online appendix.

application/x-stata-syntax

Label:

Codebook.pdf

Text:

This script replicates the results of the power simulations.

application/pdf

Label:

Main_Paper.do

Text:

This script replicates all results from the main paper, including tables and figures.

application/x-stata-syntax

Label:

PowerSimulation.do

application/x-stata-syntax

Label:

README.txt

Text:

Instructions for using the replication package.

text/plain

Label:

Replication_Appendix_Log.log

Text:

A log from running `Appendix.do` that replicates all results from the online appendix.

text/plain

Label:

Replication_Main_Log.log

Text:

A log from running `Main_Paper.do` that replicates all results from the online appendix.

text/plain