Perceptions of Electoral Integrity, (PEI-3.5) (doi:10.7910/DVN/UO9ABD)

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Perceptions of Electoral Integrity, (PEI-3.5)

doi:10.7910/DVN/UO9ABD

Harvard Dataverse

2015-08-03

3

Norris, Pippa; Martinez i Coma, Ferran; Gromping, Max; Nai, Alessandro, 2015, "Perceptions of Electoral Integrity, (PEI-3.5)", https://doi.org/10.7910/DVN/UO9ABD, Harvard Dataverse, V3, UNF:6:YD717JhS4izuFO3pXGvpzw== [fileUNF]

Perceptions of Electoral Integrity, (PEI-3.5)

PEI-3.5

doi:10.7910/DVN/UO9ABD

Norris, Pippa (Harvard and Sydney University)

Martinez i Coma, Ferran (Sydney University)

Gromping, Max (Sydney University)

Nai, Alessandro (Sydney University )

Harvard Dataverse

Norris, Pippa

Norris, Pippa

2015-08-03

https://doi.org/10.7910/DVN/UO9ABD

Social Sciences, PEI, electoral integrity project, elections, electoral integrity, electoral fraud, voting behavior, cross-national elections

elections, electoral integrity, electoral fraud, voting behavior, cross-national elections

This data-set by the Electoral Integrity Project evaluates the quality of elections held around the world. Based on a rolling survey collecting the views of election experts, this research provides independent and reliable evidence to compare whether countries meet international standards of electoral integrity. PEI-3.5 cumulative release covers 153 national parliamentary and presidential contests held worldwide in 125 countries from 1 July 2012 to 30 June 2015. The survey includes assessments from 1,696 election experts, with a mean response rate of 28%. The study collects 49 indicators to compare elections. These indicators are clustered to evaluate eleven stages in the electoral cycle as well as generating an overall summary Perception of Electoral Integrity (PEI) 100-point index and comparative ranking. The datasets are available for analysis at three levels: COUNTRY-level (125 cases); ELECTION-level (153 cases), and also EXPERT-level (1,696).

2012-07-01-2015-06-30

This is version 3.5

<a href="http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0">CC0 1.0</a>

BOOKS • Norris, Pippa, Richard W. Frank and Ferran Martínez i Coma. Eds. 2014. Advancing Electoral Integrity. New York: Oxford University Press. • Norris, Pippa, Richard W. Frank and Ferran Martínez i Coma. Eds. 2015. Contentious Elections: From Ballots to the Barricades. New York: Routledge. • Norris, Pippa. 2014. Why electoral integrity matters. New York: Cambridge University Press. • Norris, Pippa. 2015. Why elections fail. New York: Cambridge University Press. • Norris, Pippa and Andrea Abel van Es. Eds. 2016. (forthcoming) Checkbook Elections? Political Finance in Comparative Perspective. New York: Oxford University Press. • LeDuc, Lawrence, Richard Niemi and Pippa Norris. Eds. 2014. Comparing Democracies 4. London: Sage Publications. ARTICLES AND CHAPTERS • Norris, Pippa, Ferran Martínez i Coma, and Richard W. Frank. 2013. ‘Assessing the quality of elections.’ Journal of Democracy. 24(4): 124-135. • Norris, Pippa. 2013. ‘Does the world agree about standards of electoral integrity? Evidence for the diffusion of global norms’ Special issue of Electoral Studies 32(4):576-588. • Norris, Pippa. 2013. ‘The new research agenda studying electoral integrity’. Special issue of Electoral Studies 32(4): 563-575. • Norris, Pippa. 2014. ‘Electoral integrity and political legitimacy.’ In Comparing Democracies 4, eds. Lawrence LeDuc, Richard Niemi and Pippa Norris. London: Sage. • Norris, Pippa, Richard W. Frank and Ferran Martínez i Coma. 2014. ‘Measuring electoral integrity: A new dataset.’ PS: Political Science & Politics 47(4): 789-798. • Martínez i Coma, Ferran and Carolien Van Ham. 2015. ‘Can experts judge elections? Testing the validity of expert judgments for measuring election integrity’. European Journal of Political Research doi:10.1111/1475-6765.12084. • Ignacio Lago and Ferran Martínez i Coma. 2015. 'Challenge or consent? Understanding losers' reactions in mass elections.' Government and Opposition. Forthcoming.

BOOKS • Norris, Pippa, Richard W. Frank and Ferran Martínez i Coma. Eds. 2014. Advancing Electoral Integrity. New York: Oxford University Press. • Norris, Pippa, Richard W. Frank and Ferran Martínez i Coma. Eds. 2015. Contentious Elections: From Ballots to the Barricades. New York: Routledge. • Norris, Pippa. 2014. Why electoral integrity matters. New York: Cambridge University Press. • Norris, Pippa. 2015. Why elections fail. New York: Cambridge University Press. • Norris, Pippa and Andrea Abel van Es. Eds. 2016. (forthcoming) Checkbook Elections? Political Finance in Comparative Perspective. New York: Oxford University Press. • LeDuc, Lawrence, Richard Niemi and Pippa Norris. Eds. 2014. Comparing Democracies 4. London: Sage Publications. ARTICLES AND CHAPTERS • Norris, Pippa, Ferran Martínez i Coma, and Richard W. Frank. 2013. ‘Assessing the quality of elections.’ Journal of Democracy. 24(4): 124-135. • Norris, Pippa. 2013. ‘Does the world agree about standards of electoral integrity? Evidence for the diffusion of global norms’ Special issue of Electoral Studies 32(4):576-588. • Norris, Pippa. 2013. ‘The new research agenda studying electoral integrity’. Special issue of Electoral Studies 32(4): 563-575. • Norris, Pippa. 2014. ‘Electoral integrity and political legitimacy.’ In Comparing Democracies 4, eds. Lawrence LeDuc, Richard Niemi and Pippa Norris. London: Sage. • Norris, Pippa, Richard W. Frank and Ferran Martínez i Coma. 2014. ‘Measuring electoral integrity: A new dataset.’ PS: Political Science & Politics 47(4): 789-798. • Martínez i Coma, Ferran and Carolien Van Ham. 2015. ‘Can experts judge elections? Testing the validity of expert judgments for measuring election integrity’. European Journal of Political Research doi:10.1111/1475-6765.12084. • Ignacio Lago and Ferran Martínez i Coma. 2015. 'Challenge or consent? Understanding losers' reactions in mass elections.' Government and Opposition. Forthcoming.

• Number of cases: 125

• No. of variables per record: 188

• Type of File: text/tab-separated-values

UNF:6:Pu0AWTwTBCLg6REFFxc0Ag==

• Number of cases: 125

• No. of variables per record: 188

• Type of File: text/tab-separated-values

UNF:6:tgeWADTBTQQEMdA1hj4k3w==

PEI country level data in csv format

• Number of cases: 125

• No. of variables per record: 188

• Type of File: text/tab-separated-values

UNF:6:UeJ7xjYAew8+IepElTumAA==

• Number of cases: 153

• No. of variables per record: 311

• Type of File: text/tab-separated-values

UNF:6:xPPwFy62AI+go940kD7zOA==

PEI election level data in csv format

• Number of cases: 153

• No. of variables per record: 311

• Type of File: text/tab-separated-values

UNF:6:/R7HAxbYc3xHj+0O/KPMiA==

• Number of cases: 1696

• No. of variables per record: 170

• Type of File: text/tab-separated-values

UNF:6:X6zeytiLbEryr6W6mDp0oQ==

• country - Country name
• ccode - COW country code
• Refno - Norris reference number
• office - Legis.elec=0, 1=Pres, 2=Both
• numresponses - (sum) numresponses
• contacted - (sum) contacted
• responserate - (sum) responserate
• surveynum - # times country surveyed
• y2012 - Survey year 2012
• y2013 - Survey year 2013
• y2014 - Survey year 2014
• y2015 - Survey year 2015
• COUNTRYDATA - COUNTRYDATA
• PR - Freedom House Political Rights Scale
• CL - Freedom House Civil Liberties Scale
• fhcategory - Freedom House category (Free,Partially Free, Not Free)
• polity - Polity combined score (-10->+10)
• polity2 - Polity combined score (-10>+10), mean substitution
• durable - # years since last major Polity shift (+/- 3 pts)
• development - World Bank income level (Low, lower-middle, upper-middle, high)
• gdp_pc_ppp - GDP per capita on purchasing power parity 2011
• region9 - World Bank region (1-9)
• oecd - OECD country (0/1)
• OVERALLINTEGRITY - (first) OVERALLINTEGRITY
• PEIIndexp - PEI index of electoral integrity, individual
• PEIIndexp_lci - PEI Index (individual), low ci
• PEIIndexp_hci - PEI Index (individual), high ci
• PEIIndexi - PEI index of electoral integrity, imputed
• PEIIndexi_lci - PEI Index (imputed), low ci
• PEIIndexi_hci - PEI Index (imputed), high ci
• PEIIndex_rank - Rank of countries according to PEI experts
• PEItype - PEI Index type (high, medium, low)
• rating - Rate electoral integrity of the election (1=very poor->10=very good
• rating_lci - Individuals' rating, low ci
• rating_hci - Individuals' rating, high ci
• LAWS - ELECTORAL LAWS SECTION
• lawsunfair - 1-1a. Electoral laws were unfair to smaller parties (1-5)[N]
• lawsunfair2 - 1-1b. Electoral laws were unfair to smaller parties (Reversed coding)
• favoredincumbent - 1-2a. Electoral laws favored the governing party or parties (1-5)[N]
• favoredincumbent2 - 1-2b. Electoral laws favored the governing party or parties (Reversed coding)
• citizens - 1-3a. Elections laws restricted citizens' rights (1-5)[N]
• citizens2 - 1-3b. Elections laws restricted citizens' rights (Reversed coding)
• laws - 1-4. Electoral laws index (20-100)
• lawsi - 1-4i. Electoral laws index (20-100), imputed
• PROCEDURES - ELECTORAL PROCEDURES SECTION
• managed - 2-1. Elections were well managed (1-5)[P]
• votinginfo - 2-2. Information about voting procedures was widely available (1-5)[P]
• fairofficials - 2-3. Election officials were fair (1-5)[P]
• legalelections - 2-4. Elections were conducted in accordance with the law (1-5)[P]
• procedures - 2-5. Electoral procedures index (25-100)
• proceduresi - 2-5i. Electoral procedures index (25-100), imputed
• BOUNDARIES - BOUNDARIES FOR VOTING DISTRICTS SECTION
• bdiscrim - 3-1a. Boundaries discriminated against some parties (1-5)[N]
• bdiscrim2 - 3-1b. Boundaries discriminated against some parties (Reversed coding)
• bfavored - 3-2a. Boundaries favored incumbents (1-5)[N]
• bfavored2 - 3-2b. Boundaries favored incumbents (Reversed coding)
• bimpartial - 3-3. Boundaries were impartial (1-5)[P]
• boundaries - 3-4. Voting district boundaries index (20-100)
• boundariesi - 3-4i. Voting district boundaries index (20-100), imputed
• VOTERREGISTRATION - VOTER REGISTRATION SECTION
• reglisted - 4-1a. Some citizens were not listed in the register (1-5)[N]
• reglisted2 - 4-1b. Some citizens were not listed in the register (Reversed coding)
• reginaccurate - 4-2a. The electoral register was inaccurate (1-5)[N]
• reginaccurate2 - 4-2b. The electoral register was inaccurate (Reversed coding)
• ineligible - 4-3a. Some ineligible electors were registered (1-5)[N]
• ineligible2 - 4-3b. Some ineligible electors were registered (Reversed coding)
• votereg - 4-4. Voter registration index (20-100)
• voteregi - 4-4i. Voter registration index (20-100), imputed
• PARTYREGISTRATION - PARTY AND CANDIDATE REGISTRATION SECTION
• oppprevent - 5-1a. Some opposition candidates were prevented from running (1-5)[N]
• oppprevent2 - 5-1b. Some opposition candidates were prevented from running (Reversed coding)
• womenopp - 5-2. Women had equal opportunities to run for office (1-5)[P]
• minorityopp - 5-3. Ethnic and national minorities had equal opportunities to run for office (1
• leaderselect - 5-4a. Only top party leaders selected candidates (1-5)[N]
• leaderselect2 - 5-4b. Only top party leaders selected candidates (Reversed coding)
• rallies - 5-5a. Some parties/candidates were restricted from holding campaign rallies (1-5
• rallies2 - 5-5b. Some parties/candidates were restricted from holding campaign rallies (Rev
• partyreg - 5-6. Party and candidate registration index (20-100)
• partyregi - 5-6i. Party and candidate registration index (20-100), imputed
• MEDIACOVERAGE - MEDIA COVERAGE SECTION
• newspapers - 6-1. Newspapers provided balanced election news (1-5)[P]
• tv - 6-2a. TV news favored the governing party (1-5)[N]
• tv2 - 6-2b. TV news favored the governing party (Reversed coding)
• fairaccess - 6-3. Parties/candidates had fair access to political broadcasts and advertising
• faircoverage - 6-4. Journalists provided fair coverage of the elections (1-5)[P]
• socialmedia - 6-5. Social media were used to expose electoral fraud (1-5)[P]
• media - 6-6. Media coverage index (20-100)
• mediai - 6-6i. Media coverage index (20-100), imputed
• CAMPAIGNFINANCE - CAMPAIGN FINANCE SECTION
• subsidies - 7-1. Parties/candidates had equitable access to public political subsidies(1-5)[
• donations - 7-2. Parties/candidates had equitable access to political donations(1-5)[P]
• accounts - 7-3. Parties/candidates publish transparent financial accounts(1-5)[P]
• rich - 7-4a. Rich people buy elections (1-5)[N]
• rich2 - 7-4b. Rich people buy elections (Reversed coding)
• resources - 7-5a. Some state resources were improperly used for campaigning (1-5)[N]
• resources2 - 7-5b. Some state resources were improperly used for campaigning (Reversed coding
• finance - 7-6. Campaign finance index (20-100)
• financei - 7-6i. Campaign finance index (20-100), imputed
• VOTINGPROCESS - VOTING PROCESS SECTION
• violence - 8-1a. Some voters were threatened with violence at the polls(1-5)[N]
• violence2 - 8-1b. Some voters were threatened with violence at the polls (Reversed coding)
• fraudulent - 8-2a. Some fraudulent votes were cast (1-5)[N]
• fraudulent2 - 8-2b. Some fraudulent votes were cast (Reversed coding)
• easy - 8-3. The process of voting was easy (1-1)[Y]
• choice - 8-4. Voters were offered a genuine choice at the ballot box (1-5)[P]
• postal - 8-5. Postal ballots were available (1-5)[P]
• disabled - 8-6. Special voting facilities were available for the disabled (1-5)[P]
• expats - 8-7. National citizens living abroad could vote (1-5)[P]
• internet - 8-8. Some form of internet voting was available (1-5)[P]
• voting - 8-9. Voting process index (20-100)
• votingi - 8-9i. Voting process index (20-100), imputed
• VOTECOUNT - THE VOTE COUNT SECTION
• secure - 9-1. Ballot boxes were secure (1-5)[P]
• delay - 9-2. The results were announced without undue delay (1-5)[P]
• faircount - 9-3. Votes were counted fairly (1-5)[P]
• intlmonitors - 9-4a. Int'l election monitors were restricted (1-5)[N]
• intlmonitors2 - 9-4b. Int'l election monitors were restricted (Reversed coding)
• domesticmonitors - 9-5a. Domestic election monitors were restricted (1-5)[N]
• domesticmonitors2 - 9-5b. Domestic election monitors were restricted (Reversed coding)
• count - 9-6. Vote count index (20-100)
• counti - 9-6i. Vote count index (20-100), imputed
• VOTINGRESULTS - VOTING RESULTS SECTION
• challenged - 10-1a. Parties/candidates challenged the results (1-5)[N]
• challenged2 - 10-1b. Parties/candidates challenged the results (Reversed coding)
• protestspeace - 10-2a. The election led to peaceful protests (1-5)[N]
• protestspeace2 - 10-2b. The election led to peaceful protests (Reversed coding)
• protestsviolent - 10-3a. The election triggered violent protests (1-5)[N]
• protestsviolent2 - 10-3b. The election triggered violent protests (Reversed coding)
• disputes - 10-4. Any disputes were resolved through legal channels (1-5)[P]
• results - 10-5. Results index (25-100)
• resultsi - 10-5i. Results index (25-100), imputed
• ELECTIONAUTHORITIES - ELECTORAL AUTHORITIES SECTION
• impartial - 11-1. The election authorities were impartial (1-5)[P]
• info - 11-2. The authorities distributed information to citizens (1-5)[P]
• scrutiny - 11-3. The authorities allowed public scrutiny of their performance (1-5)[P]
• performance - 11-4. The election authorities performed well (1-5)[P]
• EMBs - 11-5. Electoral authorities index (25-100)
• EMBsi - 11-5i. Electoral authorities index (25-100), imputed
• GENERALQUESTIONS - GENERAL ELECTION QUESTIONS
• familiarity - 13-1. How familiar are you with elections in this country?
• important - 13-2. Which election (if more than 1) was most important
• ORGCONFIDENCE - ORGANIZATIONAL CONFIDENCE SECTION
• courts - 14-1. Confidence in the courts (1=none - 10=a great deal)
• government - 14-2. Confidence in the government (1=none - 10=a great deal)
• parliament - 14-3. Confidence in the parliament (1=none - 10=a great deal)
• armedforces - 14-4. Confidence in the armed forces (1=none - 10=a great deal)
• police - 14-5. Confidence in the police (1=none - 10=a great deal)
• electoralauth - 14-6. Confidence in the elect.authorities (1=none - 10=a great deal)
• television - 14-7. Confidence in television (1=none - 10=a great deal)
• press - 14-8. Confidence in the press (1=none - 10=a great deal)
• parties - 14-9. Confidence in political parties (1=none - 10=a great deal)
• BACKGROUND - EXPERT BACKGROUND SECTION
• expertdomestic - International or domestic expert
• employment - 15-1. Employment type
• public - 15-2. Works (or has worked) in the government public sector
• university - 15-3. Works (or has worked) in a university
• nonprofit - 15-4. Works (or has worked) in private non-profit sector/NGOs
• agency - 15-5. Works (or has worked) in an international agency
• private - 15-6. Works (or has worked) in an private business or industry
• occupation - 15-7. Most recent occupation
• agegroup - 15-8. Expert's age group (by decade)
• sex - 15-9. Sex (1=female; 0=male)
• education - 15-10. Highest level of education
• born - 15-11. Were you born in this country?
• lived - 15-12. # years lived in this country
• candidate - 15-13. Expert was a candidate for elected office
• rep - 15-14. Expert was an elected representative
• activist - 15-15. Expert was an election activist
• ngo - 15-16. Expert was election NGO watch personnel
• voted - 15-17. Expert voted in this election
• norole - 15-18. Expert did not participate in any role in this election
• monitor - 15-19. Expert was a national official electoral monitor
• monitorint - 15-19b. Expert was an international official electoral monitor
• official - 15-20. Expert was an election official
• citizen - 15-21. Expert is a citizen of this country
• supported - 15-22. Support the winning or losing side
• leftrightscale - 15-23. Political views on 10pt left/right scale
• VIGNETTES - VIGNETTES SECTION
• vignetteA - 16-1. Vignette A (Queues)
• vignetteB - 16-2. Vignette B (Boycotts)
• vignetteC - 16-3. Vignette C (Violence)
• ELECTIONRESULT - ELECTIONRESULT
• DatePrevious - Date of previous election
• RegVote - Registered Voters (mean value if more than one election in year)
• ValidVote - Valid Votes(mean value if more than one election in year)
• Invalid - Invalid/Blank Votes(mean value if more than one election in year)
• Turnout - Turnout (mean value if more than one election in year)
• region
• country - country
• ccode - ccode
• Refno - Refno
• office - office
• numresponses - numresponses
• contacted - contacted
• responserate - responserate
• surveynum - surveynum
• y2012 - y2012
• y2013 - y2013
• y2014 - y2014
• y2015 - y2015
• COUNTRYDATA - COUNTRYDATA
• PR - PR
• CL - CL
• fhcategory - fhcategory
• polity - polity
• polity2 - polity2
• durable - durable
• development - development
• gdp_pc_ppp - gdp_pc_ppp
• region9 - region9
• oecd - oecd
• OVERALLINTEGRITY - OVERALLINTEGRITY
• PEIIndexp - PEIIndexp
• PEIIndexp_lci - PEIIndexp_lci
• PEIIndexp_hci - PEIIndexp_hci
• PEIIndexi - PEIIndexi
• PEIIndexi_lci - PEIIndexi_lci
• PEIIndexi_hci - PEIIndexi_hci
• PEIIndex_rank - PEIIndex_rank
• PEItype - PEItype
• rating - rating
• rating_lci - rating_lci
• rating_hci - rating_hci
• LAWS - LAWS
• lawsunfair - lawsunfair
• lawsunfair2 - lawsunfair2
• favoredincumbent - favoredincumbent
• favoredincumbent2 - favoredincumbent2
• citizens - citizens
• citizens2 - citizens2
• laws - laws
• lawsi - lawsi
• PROCEDURES - PROCEDURES
• managed - managed
• votinginfo - votinginfo
• fairofficials - fairofficials
• legalelections - legalelections
• procedures - procedures
• proceduresi - proceduresi
• BOUNDARIES - BOUNDARIES
• bdiscrim - bdiscrim
• bdiscrim2 - bdiscrim2
• bfavored - bfavored
• bfavored2 - bfavored2
• bimpartial - bimpartial
• boundaries - boundaries
• boundariesi - boundariesi
• VOTERREGISTRATION - VOTERREGISTRATION
• reglisted - reglisted
• reglisted2 - reglisted2
• reginaccurate - reginaccurate
• reginaccurate2 - reginaccurate2
• ineligible - ineligible
• ineligible2 - ineligible2
• votereg - votereg
• voteregi - voteregi
• PARTYREGISTRATION - PARTYREGISTRATION
• oppprevent - oppprevent
• oppprevent2 - oppprevent2
• womenopp - womenopp
• minorityopp - minorityopp
• leaderselect - leaderselect
• leaderselect2 - leaderselect2
• rallies - rallies
• rallies2 - rallies2
• partyreg - partyreg
• partyregi - partyregi
• MEDIACOVERAGE - MEDIACOVERAGE
• newspapers - newspapers
• tv - tv
• tv2 - tv2
• fairaccess - fairaccess
• faircoverage - faircoverage
• socialmedia - socialmedia
• media - media
• mediai - mediai
• CAMPAIGNFINANCE - CAMPAIGNFINANCE
• subsidies - subsidies
• donations - donations
• accounts - accounts
• rich - rich
• rich2 - rich2
• resources - resources
• resources2 - resources2
• finance - finance
• financei - financei
• VOTINGPROCESS - VOTINGPROCESS
• violence - violence
• violence2 - violence2
• fraudulent - fraudulent
• fraudulent2 - fraudulent2
• easy - easy
• choice - choice
• postal - postal
• disabled - disabled
• expats - expats
• internet - internet
• voting - voting
• votingi - votingi
• VOTECOUNT - VOTECOUNT
• secure - secure
• delay - delay
• faircount - faircount
• intlmonitors - intlmonitors
• intlmonitors2 - intlmonitors2
• domesticmonitors - domesticmonitors
• domesticmonitors2 - domesticmonitors2
• count - count
• counti - counti
• VOTINGRESULTS - VOTINGRESULTS
• challenged - challenged
• challenged2 - challenged2
• protestspeace - protestspeace
• protestspeace2 - protestspeace2
• protestsviolent - protestsviolent
• protestsviolent2 - protestsviolent2
• disputes - disputes
• results - results
• resultsi - resultsi
• ELECTIONAUTHORITIES - ELECTIONAUTHORITIES
• impartial - impartial
• info - info
• scrutiny - scrutiny
• performance - performance
• EMBs - EMBs
• EMBsi - EMBsi
• GENERALQUESTIONS - GENERALQUESTIONS
• familiarity - familiarity
• important - important
• ORGCONFIDENCE - ORGCONFIDENCE
• courts - courts
• government - government
• parliament - parliament
• armedforces - armedforces
• police - police
• electoralauth - electoralauth
• television - television
• press - press
• parties - parties
• BACKGROUND - BACKGROUND
• expertdomestic - expertdomestic
• employment - employment
• public - public
• university - university
• nonprofit - nonprofit
• agency - agency
• private - private
• occupation - occupation
• agegroup - agegroup
• sex - sex
• education - education
• born - born
• lived - lived
• candidate - candidate
• rep - rep
• activist - activist
• ngo - ngo
• voted - voted
• norole - norole
• monitor - monitor
• monitorint - monitorint
• official - official
• citizen - citizen
• supported - supported
• leftrightscale - leftrightscale
• VIGNETTES - VIGNETTES
• vignetteA - vignetteA
• vignetteB - vignetteB
• vignetteC - vignetteC
• ELECTIONRESULT - ELECTIONRESULT
• DatePrevious - DatePrevious
• RegVote - RegVote
• ValidVote - ValidVote
• Invalid - Invalid
• Turnout - Turnout
• region - region
• country - Country name
• ccode - COW country code
• Refno - Norris reference number
• office - Legis.elec=0, 1=Pres, 2=Both
• numresponses - (sum) numresponses
• contacted - (sum) contacted
• responserate - (sum) responserate
• surveynum - # times country surveyed
• y2012 - Survey year 2012
• y2013 - Survey year 2013
• y2014 - Survey year 2014
• y2015 - Survey year 2015
• COUNTRYDATA - COUNTRYDATA
• PR - Freedom House Political Rights Scale
• CL - Freedom House Civil Liberties Scale
• fhcategory - Freedom House category (Free,Partially Free, Not Free)
• polity - Polity combined score (-10->+10)
• polity2 - Polity combined score (-10>+10), mean substitution
• durable - # years since last major Polity shift (+/- 3 pts)
• development - World Bank income level (Low, lower-middle, upper-middle, high)
• gdp_pc_ppp - GDP per capita on purchasing power parity 2011
• region9 - World Bank region (1-9)
• oecd - OECD country (0/1)
• OVERALLINTEGRITY - (first) OVERALLINTEGRITY
• PEIIndexp - PEI index of electoral integrity, individual
• PEIIndexp_lci - PEI Index (individual), low ci
• PEIIndexp_hci - PEI Index (individual), high ci
• PEIIndexi - PEI index of electoral integrity, imputed
• PEIIndexi_lci - PEI Index (imputed), low ci
• PEIIndexi_hci - PEI Index (imputed), high ci
• PEIIndex_rank - Rank of countries according to PEI experts
• PEItype - PEI Index type (high, medium, low)
• rating - Rate electoral integrity of the election (1=very poor->10=very good
• rating_lci - Individuals' rating, low ci
• rating_hci - Individuals' rating, high ci
• LAWS - ELECTORAL LAWS SECTION
• lawsunfair - 1-1a. Electoral laws were unfair to smaller parties (1-5)[N]
• lawsunfair2 - 1-1b. Electoral laws were unfair to smaller parties (Reversed coding)
• favoredincumbent - 1-2a. Electoral laws favored the governing party or parties (1-5)[N]
• favoredincumbent2 - 1-2b. Electoral laws favored the governing party or parties (Reversed coding)
• citizens - 1-3a. Elections laws restricted citizens' rights (1-5)[N]
• citizens2 - 1-3b. Elections laws restricted citizens' rights (Reversed coding)
• laws0 - 1-4. Electoral laws index (20-100)
• lawsi - 1-4i. Electoral laws index (20-100), imputed
• PROCEDURES - ELECTORAL PROCEDURES SECTION
• managed - 2-1. Elections were well managed (1-5)[P]
• votinginfo - 2-2. Information about voting procedures was widely available (1-5)[P]
• fairofficials - 2-3. Election officials were fair (1-5)[P]
• legalelections - 2-4. Elections were conducted in accordance with the law (1-5)[P]
• procedures0 - 2-5. Electoral procedures index (25-100)
• proceduresi - 2-5i. Electoral procedures index (25-100), imputed
• BOUNDARIES - BOUNDARIES FOR VOTING DISTRICTS SECTION
• bdiscrim - 3-1a. Boundaries discriminated against some parties (1-5)[N]
• bdiscrim2 - 3-1b. Boundaries discriminated against some parties (Reversed coding)
• bfavored - 3-2a. Boundaries favored incumbents (1-5)[N]
• bfavored2 - 3-2b. Boundaries favored incumbents (Reversed coding)
• bimpartial - 3-3. Boundaries were impartial (1-5)[P]
• boundaries0 - 3-4. Voting district boundaries index (20-100)
• boundariesi - 3-4i. Voting district boundaries index (20-100), imputed
• VOTERREGISTRATION - VOTER REGISTRATION SECTION
• reglisted - 4-1a. Some citizens were not listed in the register (1-5)[N]
• reglisted2 - 4-1b. Some citizens were not listed in the register (Reversed coding)
• reginaccurate - 4-2a. The electoral register was inaccurate (1-5)[N]
• reginaccurate2 - 4-2b. The electoral register was inaccurate (Reversed coding)
• ineligible - 4-3a. Some ineligible electors were registered (1-5)[N]
• ineligible2 - 4-3b. Some ineligible electors were registered (Reversed coding)
• votereg - 4-4. Voter registration index (20-100)
• voteregi - 4-4i. Voter registration index (20-100), imputed
• PARTYREGISTRATION - PARTY AND CANDIDATE REGISTRATION SECTION
• oppprevent - 5-1a. Some opposition candidates were prevented from running (1-5)[N]
• oppprevent2 - 5-1b. Some opposition candidates were prevented from running (Reversed coding)
• womenopp - 5-2. Women had equal opportunities to run for office (1-5)[P]
• minorityopp - 5-3. Ethnic and national minorities had equal opportunities to run for office (1
• leaderselect - 5-4a. Only top party leaders selected candidates (1-5)[N]
• leaderselect2 - 5-4b. Only top party leaders selected candidates (Reversed coding)
• rallies - 5-5a. Some parties/candidates were restricted from holding campaign rallies (1-5
• rallies2 - 5-5b. Some parties/candidates were restricted from holding campaign rallies (Rev
• partyreg - 5-6. Party and candidate registration index (20-100)
• partyregi - 5-6i. Party and candidate registration index (20-100), imputed
• MEDIACOVERAGE - MEDIA COVERAGE SECTION
• newspapers - 6-1. Newspapers provided balanced election news (1-5)[P]
• tv - 6-2a. TV news favored the governing party (1-5)[N]
• tv2 - 6-2b. TV news favored the governing party (Reversed coding)
• fairaccess - 6-3. Parties/candidates had fair access to political broadcasts and advertising
• faircoverage - 6-4. Journalists provided fair coverage of the elections (1-5)[P]
• socialmedia - 6-5. Social media were used to expose electoral fraud (1-5)[P]
• media - 6-6. Media coverage index (20-100)
• mediai - 6-6i. Media coverage index (20-100), imputed
• CAMPAIGNFINANCE - CAMPAIGN FINANCE SECTION
• subsidies - 7-1. Parties/candidates had equitable access to public political subsidies(1-5)[
• donations - 7-2. Parties/candidates had equitable access to political donations(1-5)[P]
• accounts - 7-3. Parties/candidates publish transparent financial accounts(1-5)[P]
• rich - 7-4a. Rich people buy elections (1-5)[N]
• rich2 - 7-4b. Rich people buy elections (Reversed coding)
• resources - 7-5a. Some state resources were improperly used for campaigning (1-5)[N]
• resources2 - 7-5b. Some state resources were improperly used for campaigning (Reversed coding
• finance - 7-6. Campaign finance index (20-100)
• financei - 7-6i. Campaign finance index (20-100), imputed
• VOTINGPROCESS - VOTING PROCESS SECTION
• violence - 8-1a. Some voters were threatened with violence at the polls(1-5)[N]
• violence2 - 8-1b. Some voters were threatened with violence at the polls (Reversed coding)
• fraudulent - 8-2a. Some fraudulent votes were cast (1-5)[N]
• fraudulent2 - 8-2b. Some fraudulent votes were cast (Reversed coding)
• easy - 8-3. The process of voting was easy (1-1)[Y]
• choice - 8-4. Voters were offered a genuine choice at the ballot box (1-5)[P]
• postal - 8-5. Postal ballots were available (1-5)[P]
• disabled - 8-6. Special voting facilities were available for the disabled (1-5)[P]
• expats - 8-7. National citizens living abroad could vote (1-5)[P]
• internet - 8-8. Some form of internet voting was available (1-5)[P]
• voting - 8-9. Voting process index (20-100)
• votingi - 8-9i. Voting process index (20-100), imputed
• VOTECOUNT - THE VOTE COUNT SECTION
• secure - 9-1. Ballot boxes were secure (1-5)[P]
• delay - 9-2. The results were announced without undue delay (1-5)[P]
• faircount - 9-3. Votes were counted fairly (1-5)[P]
• intlmonitors - 9-4a. Int'l election monitors were restricted (1-5)[N]
• intlmonitors2 - 9-4b. Int'l election monitors were restricted (Reversed coding)
• domesticmonitors - 9-5a. Domestic election monitors were restricted (1-5)[N]
• domesticmonitors2 - 9-5b. Domestic election monitors were restricted (Reversed coding)
• count - 9-6. Vote count index (20-100)
• counti - 9-6i. Vote count index (20-100), imputed
• VOTINGRESULTS - VOTING RESULTS SECTION
• challenged - 10-1a. Parties/candidates challenged the results (1-5)[N]
• challenged2 - 10-1b. Parties/candidates challenged the results (Reversed coding)
• protestspeace - 10-2a. The election led to peaceful protests (1-5)[N]
• protestspeace2 - 10-2b. The election led to peaceful protests (Reversed coding)
• protestsviolent - 10-3a. The election triggered violent protests (1-5)[N]
• protestsviolent2 - 10-3b. The election triggered violent protests (Reversed coding)
• disputes - 10-4. Any disputes were resolved through legal channels (1-5)[P]
• results - 10-5. Results index (25-100)
• resultsi - 10-5i. Results index (25-100), imputed
• ELECTIONAUTHORITIES - ELECTORAL AUTHORITIES SECTION
• impartial - 11-1. The election authorities were impartial (1-5)[P]
• info - 11-2. The authorities distributed information to citizens (1-5)[P]
• scrutiny - 11-3. The authorities allowed public scrutiny of their performance (1-5)[P]
• performance - 11-4. The election authorities performed well (1-5)[P]
• EMBs - 11-5. Electoral authorities index (25-100)
• EMBsi - 11-5i. Electoral authorities index (25-100), imputed
• GENERALQUESTIONS - GENERAL ELECTION QUESTIONS
• familiarity - 13-1. How familiar are you with elections in this country?
• important - 13-2. Which election (if more than 1) was most important
• ORGCONFIDENCE - ORGANIZATIONAL CONFIDENCE SECTION
• courts - 14-1. Confidence in the courts (1=none - 10=a great deal)
• government - 14-2. Confidence in the government (1=none - 10=a great deal)
• parliament - 14-3. Confidence in the parliament (1=none - 10=a great deal)
• armedforces - 14-4. Confidence in the armed forces (1=none - 10=a great deal)
• police - 14-5. Confidence in the police (1=none - 10=a great deal)
• electoralauth - 14-6. Confidence in the elect.authorities (1=none - 10=a great deal)
• television - 14-7. Confidence in television (1=none - 10=a great deal)
• press - 14-8. Confidence in the press (1=none - 10=a great deal)
• parties - 14-9. Confidence in political parties (1=none - 10=a great deal)
• BACKGROUND - EXPERT BACKGROUND SECTION
• expertdomestic - International or domestic expert
• employment - 15-1. Employment type
• public - 15-2. Works (or has worked) in the government public sector
• university - 15-3. Works (or has worked) in a university
• nonprofit - 15-4. Works (or has worked) in private non-profit sector/NGOs
• agency - 15-5. Works (or has worked) in an international agency
• private - 15-6. Works (or has worked) in an private business or industry
• occupation - 15-7. Most recent occupation
• agegroup - 15-8. Expert's age group (by decade)
• sex - 15-9. Sex (1=female; 0=male)
• education - 15-10. Highest level of education
• born - 15-11. Were you born in this country?
• lived - 15-12. # years lived in this country
• candidate - 15-13. Expert was a candidate for elected office
• rep - 15-14. Expert was an elected representative
• activist - 15-15. Expert was an election activist
• ngo - 15-16. Expert was election NGO watch personnel
• voted - 15-17. Expert voted in this election
• norole - 15-18. Expert did not participate in any role in this election
• monitor - 15-19. Expert was a national official electoral monitor
• monitorint - 15-19b. Expert was an international official electoral monitor
• official - 15-20. Expert was an election official
• citizen - 15-21. Expert is a citizen of this country
• supported - 15-22. Support the winning or losing side
• leftrightscale - 15-23. Political views on 10pt left/right scale
• VIGNETTES - VIGNETTES SECTION
• vignetteA - 16-1. Vignette A (Queues)
• vignetteB - 16-2. Vignette B (Boycotts)
• vignetteC - 16-3. Vignette C (Violence)
• ELECTIONRESULT - ELECTIONRESULT
• DatePrevious - Date of previous election
• RegVote - Registered Voters (mean value if more than one election in year)
• ValidVote - Valid Votes(mean value if more than one election in year)
• Invalid - Invalid/Blank Votes(mean value if more than one election in year)
• Turnout - Turnout (mean value if more than one election in year)
• region
• election - election
• country - country
• ccode - ccode
• Refno - Refno
• year - year
• office - office
• numresponses - numresponses
• contacted - contacted
• responserate - responserate
• COUNTRYDATA - COUNTRYDATA
• PR - PR
• CL - CL
• fhcategory - fhcategory
• polity - polity
• polity2 - polity2
• durable - durable
• development - development
• gdp_pc_ppp - gdp_pc_ppp
• region - region
• region9 - region9
• oecd - oecd
• OVERALLINTEGRITY - OVERALLINTEGRITY
• PEIIndexp - PEIIndexp
• PEIIndexp_lci - PEIIndexp_lci
• PEIIndexp_hci - PEIIndexp_hci
• PEIIndexi - PEIIndexi
• PEIIndexi_lci - PEIIndexi_lci
• PEIIndexi_hci - PEIIndexi_hci
• PEIIndex_rank - PEIIndex_rank
• PEItype - PEItype
• rating - rating
• rating_lci - rating_lci
• rating_hci - rating_hci
• LAWS - LAWS
• lawsunfair - lawsunfair
• lawsunfair2 - lawsunfair2
• favoredincumbent - favoredincumbent
• favoredincumbent2 - favoredincumbent2
• citizens - citizens
• citizens2 - citizens2
• laws - laws
• lawsi - lawsi
• PROCEDURES - PROCEDURES
• managed - managed
• votinginfo - votinginfo
• fairofficials - fairofficials
• legalelections - legalelections
• procedures - procedures
• proceduresi - proceduresi
• BOUNDARIES - BOUNDARIES
• bdiscrim - bdiscrim
• bdiscrim2 - bdiscrim2
• bfavored - bfavored
• bfavored2 - bfavored2
• bimpartial - bimpartial
• boundaries - boundaries
• boundariesi - boundariesi
• VOTERREGISTRATION - VOTERREGISTRATION
• reglisted - reglisted
• reglisted2 - reglisted2
• reginaccurate - reginaccurate
• reginaccurate2 - reginaccurate2
• ineligible - ineligible
• ineligible2 - ineligible2
• votereg - votereg
• voteregi - voteregi
• PARTYREGISTRATION - PARTYREGISTRATION
• oppprevent - oppprevent
• oppprevent2 - oppprevent2
• womenopp - womenopp
• minorityopp - minorityopp
• leaderselect - leaderselect
• leaderselect2 - leaderselect2
• rallies - rallies
• rallies2 - rallies2
• partyreg - partyreg
• partyregi - partyregi
• MEDIACOVERAGE - MEDIACOVERAGE
• newspapers - newspapers
• tv - tv
• tv2 - tv2
• fairaccess - fairaccess
• faircoverage - faircoverage
• socialmedia - socialmedia
• media - media
• mediai - mediai
• CAMPAIGNFINANCE - CAMPAIGNFINANCE
• subsidies - subsidies
• donations - donations
• accounts - accounts
• rich - rich
• rich2 - rich2
• resources - resources
• resources2 - resources2
• finance - finance
• financei - financei
• VOTINGPROCESS - VOTINGPROCESS
• violence - violence
• violence2 - violence2
• fraudulent - fraudulent
• fraudulent2 - fraudulent2
• easy - easy
• choice - choice
• postal - postal
• disabled - disabled
• expats - expats
• internet - internet
• voting - voting
• votingi - votingi
• VOTECOUNT - VOTECOUNT
• secure - secure
• delay - delay
• faircount - faircount
• intlmonitors - intlmonitors
• intlmonitors2 - intlmonitors2
• domesticmonitors - domesticmonitors
• domesticmonitors2 - domesticmonitors2
• count - count
• counti - counti
• VOTINGRESULTS - VOTINGRESULTS
• challenged - challenged
• challenged2 - challenged2
• protestspeace - protestspeace
• protestspeace2 - protestspeace2
• protestsviolent - protestsviolent
• protestsviolent2 - protestsviolent2
• disputes - disputes
• results - results
• resultsi - resultsi
• ELECTIONAUTHORITIES - ELECTIONAUTHORITIES
• impartial - impartial
• info - info
• scrutiny - scrutiny
• performance - performance
• EMBs - EMBs
• EMBsi - EMBsi
• GENERALQUESTIONS - GENERALQUESTIONS
• familiarity - familiarity
• important - important
• ORGCONFIDENCE - ORGCONFIDENCE
• courts - courts
• government - government
• parliament - parliament
• armedforces - armedforces
• police - police
• electoralauth - electoralauth
• television - television
• press - press
• parties - parties
• BACKGROUND - BACKGROUND
• expertdomestic - expertdomestic
• employment - employment
• public - public
• university - university
• nonprofit - nonprofit
• agency - agency
• private - private
• occupation - occupation
• agegroup - agegroup
• sex - sex
• education - education
• born - born
• lived - lived
• candidate - candidate
• rep - rep
• activist - activist
• ngo - ngo
• voted - voted
• norole - norole
• monitor - monitor
• monitorint - monitorint
• official - official
• citizen - citizen
• supported - supported
• leftrightscale - leftrightscale
• VIGNETTES - VIGNETTES
• vignetteA - vignetteA
• vignetteB - vignetteB
• vignetteC - vignetteC
• ELECTIONRESULT - ELECTIONRESULT
• DatePrevious - DatePrevious
• RegVote - RegVote
• ValidVote - ValidVote
• Invalid - Invalid
• Turnout - Turnout
• P1Name - P1Name
• P2Name - P2Name
• P3Name - P3Name
• P4Name - P4Name
• P5Name - P5Name
• P6Name - P6Name
• P7Name - P7Name
• P8Name - P8Name
• P9Name - P9Name
• P10Name - P10Name
• P1Abb - P1Abb
• P2Abb - P2Abb
• P3Abb - P3Abb
• P4Abb - P4Abb
• P5Abb - P5Abb
• P6Abb - P6Abb
• P7Abb - P7Abb
• P8Abb - P8Abb
• P9Abb - P9Abb
• P10Abb - P10Abb
• P1Lead - P1Lead
• P2Lead - P2Lead
• P3Lead - P3Lead
• P4Lead - P4Lead
• P5Lead - P5Lead
• P6Lead - P6Lead
• P7Lead - P7Lead
• P8Lead - P8Lead
• P9Lead - P9Lead
• P10Lead - P10Lead
• P1PreSeats - P1PreSeats
• P2PreSeats - P2PreSeats
• P3PreSeats - P3PreSeats
• P4PreSeats - P4PreSeats
• P5PreSeats - P5PreSeats
• P6PreSeats - P6PreSeats
• P7PreSeats - P7PreSeats
• P8PreSeats - P8PreSeats
• P9PreSeats - P9PreSeats
• P10PreSeats - P10PreSeats
• TotSeats - TotSeats
• P1Seats - P1Seats
• P2Seats - P2Seats
• P3Seats - P3Seats
• P4Seats - P4Seats
• P5Seats - P5Seats
• P6Seats - P6Seats
• P7Seats - P7Seats
• P8Seats - P8Seats
• P9Seats - P9Seats
• P10Seats - P10Seats
• P1SeatChange - P1SeatChange
• P2SeatChange - P2SeatChange
• P3SeatChange - P3SeatChange
• P4SeatChange - P4SeatChange
• P5SeatChange - P5SeatChange
• P6SeatChange - P6SeatChange
• P7SeatChange - P7SeatChange
• P8SeatChange - P8SeatChange
• P9SeatChange - P9SeatChange
• P10SeatChange - P10SeatChange
• P1PerSeats - P1PerSeats
• P2PerSeats - P2PerSeats
• P3PerSeats - P3PerSeats
• P4PerSeats - P4PerSeats
• P5PerSeats - P5PerSeats
• P6PerSeats - P6PerSeats
• P7PerSeats - P7PerSeats
• P8PerSeats - P8PerSeats
• P9PerSeats - P9PerSeats
• P10PerSeats - P10PerSeats
• P1Vote - P1Vote
• P2Vote - P2Vote
• P3Vote - P3Vote
• P4Vote - P4Vote
• P5Vote - P5Vote
• P6Vote - P6Vote
• P7Vote - P7Vote
• P8Vote - P8Vote
• P9Vote - P9Vote
• P10Vote - P10Vote
• P1PerVote - P1PerVote
• P2PerVote - P2PerVote
• P3PerVote - P3PerVote
• P4PerVote - P4PerVote
• P5PerVote - P5PerVote
• P6PerVote - P6PerVote
• P7PerVote - P7PerVote
• P8PerVote - P8PerVote
• P9PerVote - P9PerVote
• P10PerVote - P10PerVote
• MinorNumber - MinorNumber
• MinorSeat - MinorSeat
• MinorVote - MinorVote
• MinorPerSeat - MinorPerSeat
• MinorPerVote - MinorPerVote
• P1Incum - P1Incum
• P2Incum - P2Incum
• P3Incum - P3Incum
• P4Incum - P4Incum
• P5Incum - P5Incum
• P6Incum - P6Incum
• P7Incum - P7Incum
• P8Incum - P8Incum
• P9Incum - P9Incum
• P10Incum - P10Incum
• P1Govt - P1Govt
• P2Govt - P2Govt
• P3Govt - P3Govt
• P4Govt - P4Govt
• P5Govt - P5Govt
• P6Govt - P6Govt
• P7Govt - P7Govt
• P8Govt - P8Govt
• P9Govt - P9Govt
• P10Govt - P10Govt
• P1Change - P1Change
• P2Change - P2Change
• P3Change - P3Change
• P4Change - P4Change
• P5Change - P5Change
• P6Change - P6Change
• P7Change - P7Change
• P8Change - P8Change
• P9Change - P9Change
• P10Change - P10Change
• election - Election Code
• country - Country name
• ccode - COW country code
• Refno - Norris reference number
• year - Year
• office - Presidential election=1, 0 otherwise
• numresponses - PEI expert responses, by election
• contacted - PEI experts invited, by election
• responserate - PEI response rate, by election
• COUNTRYDATA - COUNTRYDATA
• PR - Freedom House Political Rights Scale, 1yr. lag
• CL - Freedom House Civil Liberties Scale, 1yr. lag
• fhcategory - Freedom House Category (Free,Partially Free, Not Free)
• polity - Polity combined score (-10->+10), 1 year lag
• polity2 - Polity combined score with mean subst for missing codes, 1 year lag
• durable - # years since the last regime transition (3pt or greater), 1 year lag
• development - World Bank income level (Low, lower-middle, upper-middle, high)
• gdp_pc_ppp - GDP per capita,PPP,const 2011intl$, 2yr.lag(WB)
• region - Geographic region (UN classification)
• region9 - Geographic region (World Bank classification, 1-9)
• oecd - OECD country (0/1)
• OVERALLINTEGRITY - OVERALL INTEGRITY RATING
• PEIIndexp - PEI index of electoral integrity, individual
• PEIIndexp_lci - PEI Index (raw individual), low ci
• PEIIndexp_hci - PEI Index (raw individual), high ci
• PEIIndexi - PEI index of electoral integrity, imputed
• PEIIndexi_lci - PEI Index (imputed), low ci
• PEIIndexi_hci - PEI Index (imputed), high ci
• PEIIndex_rank - Rank of election according to PEI experts
• PEItype - PEI Index type (high, medium, low)
• rating - Rate electoral integrity of the election (1=very poor->10=very good)
• rating_lci - Rating, low ci
• rating_hci - Rating, high ci
• LAWS - ELECTORAL LAWS SECTION
• lawsunfair - 1-1a. Electoral laws were unfair to smaller parties (1-5)[N]
• lawsunfair2 - 1-1b. Electoral laws were unfair to smaller parties (Reversed coding)
• favoredincumbent - 1-2a. Electoral laws favored the governing party or parties (1-5)[N]
• favoredincumbent2 - 1-2b. Electoral laws favored the governing party or parties (Reversed coding)
• citizens - 1-3a. Elections laws restricted citizens' rights (1-5)[N]
• citizens2 - 1-3b. Elections laws restricted citizens' rights (Reversed coding)
• laws0 - 1-4. Electoral laws index (20-100)
• lawsi - 1-4i. Electoral laws index (20-100), imputed
• PROCEDURES - ELECTORAL PROCEDURES SECTION
• managed - 2-1. Elections were well managed (1-5)[P]
• votinginfo - 2-2. Information about voting procedures was widely available (1-5)[P]
• fairofficials - 2-3. Election officials were fair (1-5)[P]
• legalelections - 2-4. Elections were conducted in accordance with the law (1-5)[P]
• procedures0 - 2-5. Electoral procedures index (25-100)
• proceduresi - 2-5i. Electoral procedures index (25-100), imputed
• BOUNDARIES - BOUNDARIES FOR VOTING DISTRICTS SECTION
• bdiscrim - 3-1a. Boundaries discriminated against some parties (1-5)[N]
• bdiscrim2 - 3-1b. Boundaries discriminated against some parties (Reversed coding)
• bfavored - 3-2a. Boundaries favored incumbents (1-5)[N]
• bfavored2 - 3-2b. Boundaries favored incumbents (Reversed coding)
• bimpartial - 3-3. Boundaries were impartial (1-5)[P]
• boundaries0 - 3-4. Voting district boundaries index (20-100)
• boundariesi - 3-4i. Voting district boundaries index (20-100), imputed
• VOTERREGISTRATION - VOTER REGISTRATION SECTION
• reglisted - 4-1a. Some citizens were not listed in the register (1-5)[N]
• reglisted2 - 4-1b. Some citizens were not listed in the register (Reversed coding)
• reginaccurate - 4-2a. The electoral register was inaccurate (1-5)[N]
• reginaccurate2 - 4-2b. The electoral register was inaccurate (Reversed coding)
• ineligible - 4-3a. Some ineligible electors were registered (1-5)[N]
• ineligible2 - 4-3b. Some ineligible electors were registered (Reversed coding)
• votereg - 4-4. Voter registration index (20-100)
• voteregi - 4-4i. Voter registration index (20-100), imputed
• PARTYREGISTRATION - PARTY AND CANDIDATE REGISTRATION SECTION
• oppprevent - 5-1a. Some opposition candidates were prevented from running (1-5)[N]
• oppprevent2 - 5-1b. Some opposition candidates were prevented from running (Reversed coding)
• womenopp - 5-2. Women had equal opportunities to run for office (1-5)[P]
• minorityopp - 5-3. Ethnic and national minorities had equal opportunities to run for office (1
• leaderselect - 5-4a. Only top party leaders selected candidates (1-5)[N]
• leaderselect2 - 5-4b. Only top party leaders selected candidates (Reversed coding)
• rallies - 5-5a. Some parties/candidates were restricted from holding campaign rallies (1-5
• rallies2 - 5-5b. Some parties/candidates were restricted from holding campaign rallies (Rev
• partyreg - 5-6. Party and candidate registration index (20-100)
• partyregi - 5-6i. Party and candidate registration index (20-100), imputed
• MEDIACOVERAGE - MEDIA COVERAGE SECTION
• newspapers - 6-1. Newspapers provided balanced election news (1-5)[P]
• tv - 6-2a. TV news favored the governing party (1-5)[N]
• tv2 - 6-2b. TV news favored the governing party (Reversed coding)
• fairaccess - 6-3. Parties/candidates had fair access to political broadcasts and advertising
• faircoverage - 6-4. Journalists provided fair coverage of the elections (1-5)[P]
• socialmedia - 6-5. Social media were used to expose electoral fraud (1-5)[P]
• media - 6-6. Media coverage index (20-100)
• mediai - 6-6i. Media coverage index (20-100), imputed
• CAMPAIGNFINANCE - CAMPAIGN FINANCE SECTION
• subsidies - 7-1. Parties/candidates had equitable access to public political subsidies(1-5)[
• donations - 7-2. Parties/candidates had equitable access to political donations(1-5)[P]
• accounts - 7-3. Parties/candidates publish transparent financial accounts(1-5)[P]
• rich - 7-4a. Rich people buy elections (1-5)[N]
• rich2 - 7-4b. Rich people buy elections (Reversed coding)
• resources - 7-5a. Some state resources were improperly used for campaigning (1-5)[N]
• resources2 - 7-5b. Some state resources were improperly used for campaigning (Reversed coding
• finance - 7-6. Campaign finance index (20-100)
• financei - 7-6i. Campaign finance index (20-100), imputed
• VOTINGPROCESS - VOTING PROCESS SECTION
• violence - 8-1a. Some voters were threatened with violence at the polls(1-5)[N]
• violence2 - 8-1b. Some voters were threatened with violence at the polls (Reversed coding)
• fraudulent - 8-2a. Some fraudulent votes were cast (1-5)[N]
• fraudulent2 - 8-2b. Some fraudulent votes were cast (Reversed coding)
• easy - 8-3. The process of voting was easy (1-1)[Y]
• choice - 8-4. Voters were offered a genuine choice at the ballot box (1-5)[P]
• postal - 8-5. Postal ballots were available (1-5)[P]
• disabled - 8-6. Special voting facilities were available for the disabled (1-5)[P]
• expats - 8-7. National citizens living abroad could vote (1-5)[P]
• internet - 8-8. Some form of internet voting was available (1-5)[P]
• voting - 8-9. Voting process index (20-100)
• votingi - 8-9i. Voting process index (20-100), imputed
• VOTECOUNT - THE VOTE COUNT SECTION
• secure - 9-1. Ballot boxes were secure (1-5)[P]
• delay - 9-2. The results were announced without undue delay (1-5)[P]
• faircount - 9-3. Votes were counted fairly (1-5)[P]
• intlmonitors - 9-4a. Int'l election monitors were restricted (1-5)[N]
• intlmonitors2 - 9-4b. Int'l election monitors were restricted (Reversed coding)
• domesticmonitors - 9-5a. Domestic election monitors were restricted (1-5)[N]
• domesticmonitors2 - 9-5b. Domestic election monitors were restricted (Reversed coding)
• count - 9-6. Vote count index (20-100)
• counti - 9-6i. Vote count index (20-100), imputed
• VOTINGRESULTS - VOTING RESULTS SECTION
• challenged - 10-1a. Parties/candidates challenged the results (1-5)[N]
• challenged2 - 10-1b. Parties/candidates challenged the results (Reversed coding)
• protestspeace - 10-2a. The election led to peaceful protests (1-5)[N]
• protestspeace2 - 10-2b. The election led to peaceful protests (Reversed coding)
• protestsviolent - 10-3a. The election triggered violent protests (1-5)[N]
• protestsviolent2 - 10-3b. The election triggered violent protests (Reversed coding)
• disputes - 10-4. Any disputes were resolved through legal channels (1-5)[P]
• results - 10-5. Results index (25-100)
• resultsi - 10-5i. Results index (25-100), imputed
• ELECTIONAUTHORITIES - ELECTORAL AUTHORITIES SECTION
• impartial - 11-1. The election authorities were impartial (1-5)[P]
• info - 11-2. The authorities distributed information to citizens (1-5)[P]
• scrutiny - 11-3. The authorities allowed public scrutiny of their performance (1-5)[P]
• performance - 11-4. The election authorities performed well (1-5)[P]
• EMBs - 11-5. Electoral authorities index (25-100)
• EMBsi - 11-5i. Electoral authorities index (25-100), imputed
• GENERALQUESTIONS - GENERAL ELECTION QUESTIONS
• familiarity - 13-1. How familiar are you with elections in this country?
• important - 13-2. Which election (if more than 1) was most important
• ORGCONFIDENCE - ORGANIZATIONAL CONFIDENCE SECTION
• courts - 14-1. Confidence in the courts (1=none - 10=a great deal)
• government - 14-2. Confidence in the government (1=none - 10=a great deal)
• parliament - 14-3. Confidence in the parliament (1=none - 10=a great deal)
• armedforces - 14-4. Confidence in the armed forces (1=none - 10=a great deal)
• police - 14-5. Confidence in the police (1=none - 10=a great deal)
• electoralauth - 14-6. Confidence in the elect.authorities (1=none - 10=a great deal)
• television - 14-7. Confidence in television (1=none - 10=a great deal)
• press - 14-8. Confidence in the press (1=none - 10=a great deal)
• parties - 14-9. Confidence in political parties (1=none - 10=a great deal)
• BACKGROUND - EXPERT BACKGROUND SECTION
• expertdomestic - International or domestic expert
• employment - 15-1. Employment type
• public - 15-2. Works (or has worked) in the government public sector
• university - 15-3. Works (or has worked) in a university
• nonprofit - 15-4. Works (or has worked) in private non-profit sector/NGOs
• agency - 15-5. Works (or has worked) in an international agency
• private - 15-6. Works (or has worked) in an private business or industry
• occupation - 15-7. Most recent occupation
• agegroup - 15-8. Expert's age group (by decade)
• sex - 15-9. Sex (1=female; 0=male)
• education - 15-10. Highest level of education
• born - 15-11. Were you born in this country?
• lived - 15-12. # years lived in this country
• candidate - 15-13. Expert was a candidate for elected office
• rep - 15-14. Expert was an elected representative
• activist - 15-15. Expert was an election activist
• ngo - 15-16. Expert was election NGO watch personnel
• voted - 15-17. Expert voted in this election
• norole - 15-18. Expert did not participate in any role in this election
• monitor - 15-19. Expert was a national official electoral monitor
• monitorint - 15-19b. Expert was an international official electoral monitor
• official - 15-20. Expert was an election official
• citizen - 15-21. Expert is a citizen of this country
• supported - 15-22. Support the winning or losing side
• leftrightscale - 15-23. Political views on 10pt left/right scale
• VIGNETTES - VIGNETTES SECTION
• vignetteA - 16-1. Vignette A (Queues)
• vignetteB - 16-2. Vignette B (Boycotts)
• vignetteC - 16-3. Vignette C (Violence)
• ELECTIONRESULT - ELECTION RESULT
• DatePrevious - Date of previous election
• RegVote - Registered Voters
• ValidVote - Valid Votes
• Invalid - Invalid/Blank Votes
• Turnout - Election turnout
• P1Name - Party 1: Name/ Candidate 1 in presidential election
• P2Name - Party 2: Name/ Candidate 2 in presidential election
• P3Name - Party 3: Name/ Candidate 3 in presidential election
• P4Name - Party 4: Name/ Candidate 4 in presidential election
• P5Name - Party 5: Name/ Candidate 5 in presidential election
• P6Name - Party 6 Name/ Candidate 6 in presidential election
• P7Name - Party 7: Name/ Candidate 7 in presidential election
• P8Name - Party 8: Name/ Candidate 8 in presidential election
• P9Name - Party 9: Name/ Candidate 9 in presidential election
• P10Name - Party 10: Name/ Candidate 10 in presidential election
• P1Abb - Party 1: Abbreviation
• P2Abb - Party 2: Abbreviation
• P3Abb - Party 3: Abbreviation
• P4Abb - Party 4: Abbreviation
• P5Abb - Party 5: Abbreviation
• P6Abb - Party 6: Abbreviation
• P7Abb - Party 7: Abbreviation
• P8Abb - Party 8: Abbreviation
• P9Abb - Party 9: Abbreviation
• P10Abb - Party 10: Abbreviation
• P1Lead - Party 1: Leader/ Candidate 1 in presidential election
• P2Lead - Party 2: Leader/ Candidate 2 in presidential election
• P3Lead - Party 3: Leader/ Candidate 3 in presidential election
• P4Lead - Party 4: Leader/ Candidate 4 in presidential election
• P5Lead - Party 5: Leader/ Candidate 5 in presidential election
• P6Lead - Party 6: Leader/ Candidate 6 in presidential election
• P7Lead - Party 7: Leader/ Candidate 7 in presidential election
• P8Lead - Party 8: Leader/ Candidate 8 in presidential election
• P9Lead - Party 9: Leader/ Candidate 9 in presidential election
• P10Lead - Party 10: Leader/ Candidate 10 in presidential election
• P1PreSeats - Party 1: Seats in previous elections
• P2PreSeats - Party 2: Seats in previous elections
• P3PreSeats - Party 3: Seats in previous elections
• P4PreSeats - Party 4: Seats in previous elections
• P5PreSeats - Party 5: Seats in previous elections
• P6PreSeats - Party 6: Seats in previous elections
• P7PreSeats - Party 7: Seats in previous elections
• P8PreSeats - Party 8: Seats in previous elections
• P9PreSeats - Party 9: Seats in previous elections
• P10PreSeats - Party 10: Seats in previous elections
• TotSeats - Number of Contested Seats
• P1Seats - Party 1: Seats
• P2Seats - Party 2: Seats
• P3Seats - Party 3: Seats
• P4Seats - Party 4: Seats
• P5Seats - Party 5: Seats
• P6Seats - Party 6: Seats
• P7Seats - Party 7: Seats
• P8Seats - Party 8: Seats
• P9Seats - Party 9: Seats
• P10Seats - Party 10: Seats
• P1SeatChange - Party 1: Seat change compared to previous election
• P2SeatChange - Party 2: Seat change compared to previous election
• P3SeatChange - Party 3: Seat change compared to previous election
• P4SeatChange - Party 4: Seat change compared to previous election
• P5SeatChange - Party 5: Seat change compared to previous election
• P6SeatChange - Party 6: Seat change compared to previous election
• P7SeatChange - Party 7: Seat change compared to previous election
• P8SeatChange - Party 8: Seat change compared to previous election
• P9SeatChange - Party 9: Seat change compared to previous election
• P10SeatChange - Party 10: Seat change compared to previous election
• P1PerSeats - Party 1: Seat share
• P2PerSeats - Party 2: Seat share
• P3PerSeats - Party 3: Seat share
• P4PerSeats - Party 4: Seat share
• P5PerSeats - Party 5: Seat share
• P6PerSeats - Party 6: Seat share
• P7PerSeats - Party 7: Seat share
• P8PerSeats - Party 8: Seat share
• P9PerSeats - Party 9: Seat share
• P10PerSeats - Party 10: Seat share
• P1Vote - Party 1: Votes
• P2Vote - Party 2: Votes
• P3Vote - Party 3: Votes
• P4Vote - Party 4: Votes
• P5Vote - Party 5: Votes
• P6Vote - Party 6: Votes
• P7Vote - Party 7: Votes
• P8Vote - Party 8: Votes
• P9Vote - Party 9: Votes
• P10Vote - Party 10: Votes
• P1PerVote - Party 1: Vote share
• P2PerVote - Party 2: Vote share
• P3PerVote - Party 3: Vote share
• P4PerVote - Party 4: Vote share
• P5PerVote - Party 5: Vote share
• P6PerVote - Party 6: Vote share
• P7PerVote - Party 7: Vote share
• P8PerVote - Party 8: Vote share
• P9PerVote - Party 9: Vote share
• P10PerVote - Party 10: Vote share
• MinorNumber - Number of minor parties beyond the top 5
• MinorSeat - Seats of minor parties
• MinorVote - Votes of minor parties
• MinorPerSeat - Seat share of minor parties
• MinorPerVote - Vote share of minor parties
• P1Incum - Party 1: Incumbent Party
• P2Incum - Party 2: Incumbent Party
• P3Incum - Party 3: Incumbent Party
• P4Incum - Party 4: Incumbent Party
• P5Incum - Party 5: Incumbent Party
• P6Incum - Party 6: Incumbent Party
• P7Incum - Party 7: Incumbent Party
• P8Incum - Party 8: Incumbent Party
• P9Incum - Party 9: Incumbent Party
• P10Incum - Party 10: Incumbent Party
• P1Govt - Party 1: Government Party
• P2Govt - Party 2: Government Party
• P3Govt - Party 3: Government Party
• P4Govt - Party 4: Government Party
• P5Govt - Party 5: Government Party
• P6Govt - Party 6: Government Party
• P7Govt - Party 7: Government Party
• P8Govt - Party 8: Government Party
• P9Govt - Party 9: Government Party
• P10Govt - Party 10: Government Party
• P1Change - Party 1: Enter/Exit Government
• P2Change - Party 2: Enter/Exit Government
• P3Change - Party 3: Enter/Exit Government
• P4Change - Party 4: Enter/Exit Government
• P5Change - Party 5: Enter/Exit Government
• P6Change - Party 6: Enter/Exit Government
• P7Change - Party 7: Enter/Exit Government
• P8Change - Party 8: Enter/Exit Government
• P9Change - Party 9: Enter/Exit Government
• P10Change - Party 10: Enter/Exit Government
• expert - Expert Reference number
• election - What was the DATE of the election in this / country? *
• country - Country name
• ccode - COW country code
• Refno - Norris country identifier
• year - Year
• office - Elected office: Pres.=1, 0 otherwise
• COUNTRYDATA - COUNTRY DATA
• PR - Freedom House Political Rights Scale, 1yr. lag
• CL - Freedom House Civil Liberties Scale, 1yr. lag
• fhcategory - Freedom House Score (Free,Partially Free, Not Free), 1yr. lag
• polity - Polity combined score (-10->+10), 1 year lag
• polity2 - Polity combined score with mean subst for missing codes, 1 year lag
• durable - # years since the last regime transition (3pt or greater), 1 year lag
• gdp_pc_ppp - GDP per capita,PPP,const 2011intl$, 2yr.lag(WB)
• development - World Bank income level (Low, lower-middle, upper-middle, high)
• region - Geographic region (UN classification, 1-5)
• region9 - Geographic region (World Bank classification, 1-9)
• oecd - OECD country (0/1)
• OVERALLINTEGRITY - OVERALL INTEGRITY RATING
• rating - Rate electoral integrity of the election (1=very poor->10=very good
• PEIIndexp - PEI index of electoral integrity, individual
• PEIIndexi - PEI index of electoral integrity, imputed
• LAWS - ELECTORAL LAWS SECTION
• lawsunfair - 1-1a. Electoral laws were unfair to smaller parties (1-5)[N]
• lawsunfair2 - 1-1b. Electoral laws were unfair to smaller parties (Reversed coding)
• favoredincumbent - 1-2a. Electoral laws favored the governing party or parties (1-5)[N]
• favoredincumbent2 - 1-2b. Electoral laws favored the governing party or parties (Reversed coding)
• citizens - 1-3a. Elections laws restricted citizens' rights (1-5)[N]
• citizens2 - 1-3b. Elections laws restricted citizens' rights (Reversed coding)
• laws0 - 1-4. Electoral laws index (20-100)
• lawsi - 1-4i. Electoral laws index (0-100), imputed
• PROCEDURES - ELECTORAL PROCEDURES SECTION
• managed - 2-1. Elections were well managed (1-5)[P]
• votinginfo - 2-2. Information about voting procedures was widely available (1-5)[P]
• fairofficials - 2-3. Election officials were fair (1-5)[P]
• legalelections - 2-4. Elections were conducted in accordance with the law (1-5)[P]
• procedures0 - 2-5. Electoral procedures index (25-100)
• proceduresi - 2-5i. Electoral procedures index (0-100), imputed
• BOUNDARIES - BOUNDARIES FOR VOTING DISTRICTS SECTION
• bdiscrim - 3-1a. Boundaries discriminated against some parties (1-5)[N]
• bdiscrim2 - 3-1b. Boundaries discriminated against some parties (Reversed coding)
• bfavored - 3-2a. Boundaries favored incumbents (1-5)[N]
• bfavored2 - 3-2b. Boundaries favored incumbents (Reversed coding)
• bimpartial - 3-3. Boundaries were impartial (1-5)[P]
• boundaries0 - 3-4. Voting district boundaries index (20-100)
• boundariesi - 3-4i. Voting district boundaries index (0-100), imputed
• VOTERREGISTRATION - VOTER REGISTRATION SECTION
• reglisted - 4-1a. Some citizens were not listed in the register (1-5)[N]
• reglisted2 - 4-1b. Some citizens were not listed in the register (Reversed coding)
• reginaccurate - 4-2a. The electoral register was inaccurate (1-5)[N]
• reginaccurate2 - 4-2b. The electoral register was inaccurate (Reversed coding)
• ineligible - 4-3a. Some ineligible electors were registered (1-5)[N]
• ineligible2 - 4-3b. Some ineligible electors were registered (Reversed coding)
• votereg - 4-4. Voter registration index (20-100)
• voteregi - 4-4i. Voter registration index (0-100), imputed
• PARTYREGISTRATION - PARTY AND CANDIDATE REGISTRATION SECTION
• oppprevent - 5-1a. Some opposition candidates were prevented from running (1-5)[N]
• oppprevent2 - 5-1b. Some opposition candidates were prevented from running (Reversed coding)
• womenopp - 5-2. Women had equal opportunities to run for office (1-5)[P]
• minorityopp - 5-3. Ethnic and national minorities had equal opportunities to run for office (1
• leaderselect - 5-4a. Only top party leaders selected candidates (1-5)[N]
• leaderselect2 - 5-4b. Only top party leaders selected candidates (Reversed coding)
• rallies - 5-5a. Some parties/candidates were restricted from holding campaign rallies (1-5
• rallies2 - 5-5b. Some parties/candidates were restricted from holding campaign rallies (Rev
• partyreg - 5-6. Party and candidate registration index (20-100)
• partyregi - 5-6i. Party and candidate registration index (0-100), imputed
• MEDIACOVERAGE - MEDIA COVERAGE SECTION
• newspapers - 6-1. Newspapers provided balanced election news (1-5)[P]
• tv - 6-2a. TV news favored the governing party (1-5)[N]
• tv2 - 6-2b. TV news favored the governing party (Reversed coding)
• fairaccess - 6-3. Parties/candidates had fair access to political broadcasts and advertising
• faircoverage - 6-4. Journalists provided fair coverage of the elections (1-5)[P]
• socialmedia - 6-5. Social media were used to expose electoral fraud (1-5)[P]
• media - 6-6. Media coverage index (20-100)
• mediai - 6-6i. Media coverage index (0-100), imputed
• CAMPAIGNFINANCE - CAMPAIGN FINANCE SECTION
• subsidies - 7-1. Parties/candidates had equitable access to public political subsidies(1-5)[
• donations - 7-2. Parties/candidates had equitable access to political donations(1-5)[P]
• accounts - 7-3. Parties/candidates publish transparent financial accounts(1-5)[P]
• rich - 7-4a. Rich people buy elections (1-5)[N]
• rich2 - 7-4b. Rich people buy elections (Reversed coding)
• resources - 7-5a. Some state resources were improperly used for campaigning (1-5)[N]
• resources2 - 7-5b. Some state resources were improperly used for campaigning (Reversed coding
• finance - 7-6. Campaign finance index (20-100)
• financei - 7-6i. Campaign finance index (0-100), imputed
• VOTINGPROCESS - VOTING PROCESS SECTION
• violence - 8-1a. Some voters were threatened with violence at the polls(1-5)[N]
• violence2 - 8-1b. Some voters were threatened with violence at the polls (Reversed coding)
• fraudulent - 8-2a. Some fraudulent votes were cast (1-5)[N]
• fraudulent2 - 8-2b. Some fraudulent votes were cast (Reversed coding)
• easy - 8-3. The process of voting was easy (1-1)[Y]
• choice - 8-4. Voters were offered a genuine choice at the ballot box (1-5)[P]
• postal - 8-5. Postal ballots were available (1-5)[P]
• disabled - 8-6. Special voting facilities were available for the disabled (1-5)[P]
• expats - 8-7. National citizens living abroad could vote (1-5)[P]
• internet - 8-8. Some form of internet voting was available (1-5)[P]
• voting - 8-9. Voting process index (20-100)
• votingi - 8-9i. Voting process index (20-100), imputed
• VOTECOUNT - THE VOTE COUNT SECTION
• secure - 9-1. Ballot boxes were secure (1-5)[P]
• delay - 9-2. The results were announced without undue delay (1-5)[P]
• faircount - 9-3. Votes were counted fairly (1-5)[P]
• intlmonitors - 9-4a. Int'l election monitors were restricted (1-5)[N]
• intlmonitors2 - 9-4b. Int'l election monitors were restricted (Reversed coding)
• domesticmonitors - 9-5a. Domestic election monitors were restricted (1-5)[N]
• domesticmonitors2 - 9-5b. Domestic election monitors were restricted (Reversed coding)
• count - 9-6. Vote count index (20-100)
• counti - 9-6i. Vote count index (0-100), imputed
• VOTINGRESULTS - VOTING RESULTS SECTION
• challenged - 10-1a. Parties/candidates challenged the results (1-5)[N]
• challenged2 - 10-1b. Parties/candidates challenged the results (Reversed coding)
• protestspeace - 10-2a. The election led to peaceful protests (1-5)[N]
• protestspeace2 - 10-2b. The election led to peaceful protests (Reversed coding)
• protestsviolent - 10-3a. The election triggered violent protests (1-5)[N]
• protestsviolent2 - 10-3b. The election triggered violent protests (Reversed coding)
• disputes - 10-4. Any disputes were resolved through legal channels (1-5)[P]
• results - 10-5. Results index (25-100)
• resultsi - 10-5i. Results index (0-100), imputed
• ELECTIONAUTHORITIES - ELECTORAL AUTHORITIES SECTION
• impartial - 11-1. The election authorities were impartial (1-5)[P]
• info - 11-2. The authorities distributed information to citizens (1-5)[P]
• scrutiny - 11-3. The authorities allowed public scrutiny of their performance (1-5)[P]
• performance - 11-4. The election authorities performed well (1-5)[P]
• EMBs - 11-5. Electoral authorities index (25-100)
• EMBsi - 11-5i. Electoral authorities index (0-100), imputed
• GENERALQUESTIONS - GENERAL ELECTION QUESTIONS
• familiarity - 13-1. How familiar are you with elections in this country?
• important - 13-2. Which election (if more than 1) was most important
• ORGCONFIDENCE - ORGANIZATIONAL CONFIDENCE SECTION
• courts - 14-1. Confidence in the courts (1=none - 10=a great deal)
• government - 14-2. Confidence in the government (1=none - 10=a great deal)
• parliament - 14-3. Confidence in the parliament (1=none - 10=a great deal)
• armedforces - 14-4. Confidence in the armed forces (1=none - 10=a great deal)
• police - 14-5. Confidence in the police (1=none - 10=a great deal)
• electoralauth - 14-6. Confidence in the elect.authorities (1=none - 10=a great deal)
• television - 14-7. Confidence in television (1=none - 10=a great deal)
• press - 14-8. Confidence in the press (1=none - 10=a great deal)
• parties - 14-9. Confidence in political parties (1=none - 10=a great deal)
• BACKGROUND - EXPERT BACKGROUND SECTION
• expertdomestic - 15-0. International or domestic expert
• employment - 15-1. Employment type
• public - 15-2. Works (or has worked) in the government public sector
• university - 15-3. Works (or has worked) in a university
• nonprofit - 15-4. Works (or has worked) in private non-profit sector/NGOs
• agency - 15-5. Works (or has worked) in International agency
• private - 15-6. Works (or has worked) in an private business or industry
• occupation - 15-7. Most recent occupation
• agegroup - 15-8. Expert's age group (by decade)
• sex - 15-9. Sex (1=female; 0=male)
• education - 15-10. Highest level of education
• born - 15-11. Were you born in this country?
• lived - 15-12. # years lived in this country
• candidate - 15-13. Expert was a candidate for elected office
• rep - 15-14. Expert was an elected representative
• activist - 15-15. Expert was an election activist
• ngo - 15-16. Expert was election NGO watch personnel
• voted - 15-17. Expert voted in this election
• norole - 15-18. Expert did not participate in any role in this election
• monitor - 15-19. Expert was a national official electoral monitor
• monitorint - 15-19a. Expert was a international official electoral monitor
• official - 15-20. Expert was an election official
• citizen - 15-21. Expert is a citizen of this country
• supported - 15-22. Support the winning or losing side
• leftrightscale - 15-23. Political views on 10pt left/right scale
• difficulty - How difficult did you find the survey?
• VIGNETTES - VIGNETTES SECTION
• vignetteA - 16-1. Vignette A (Queues)
• vignetteB - 16-2. Vignette B (Boycotts)
• vignetteC - 16-3. Vignette C (Violence)

f2698817 Location:

Variable Format: character

Notes: UNF:6:RyPRuCGWFHelNYi7o02DHA==

f2698817 Location:

Summary Statistics: Valid 125.0; Min. 2.0; Max. 987.0; StDev 238.63605492397286; Mean 467.56799999999987;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:EJqQtdX781D3jU2hCZfk/g==

f2698817 Location:

Summary Statistics: Min. 1.0; Mean 91.744; StDev 56.32737030220113; Valid 125.0; Max. 194.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:XFYJul5ZpEPtmxLQ9P1hog==

f2698817 Location:

Summary Statistics: Max. 2.0; Min. 0.0; Mean 0.608; StDev 0.7393981859724533; Valid 125.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:5cXZmwV0sGTzSvoQLLHc4Q==

f2698817 Location:

Summary Statistics: Max. 72.0; Valid 125.0; Min. 2.0; StDev 9.117809584154694; Mean 13.568

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:Wiagc/hcCiwstWs5GIgTRg==

f2698817 Location:

Summary Statistics: StDev 20.284111054969173; Max. 126.0; Min. 31.0; Mean 47.919999999999995; Valid 125.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:Cd8Z/uuW61GT+/CsamRVZw==

f2698817 Location:

Summary Statistics: StDev 0.22339730927710444; Valid 125.0; Max. 1.7920425832271576; Min. 0.05882352963089943; Mean 0.3454718080461026

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:U1uHWDirilkQRhW7RCRE2Q==

f2698817 Location:

Summary Statistics: Mean 1.224; Min. 1.0; Valid 125.0; StDev 0.47287726021221055; Max. 3.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:cCf6FlUWjgh/vSmjolwPfQ==

f2698817 Location:

Summary Statistics: Max. 1.0; Min. 0.0; StDev 0.36808133743473365; Mean 0.16; Valid 125.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:JaWVo1W4gz7Q2qvuO5M24g==

f2698817 Location:

Summary Statistics: Valid 125.0; StDev 0.49344084849933334; Max. 1.0; Mean 0.40800000000000003; Min. 0.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:TlhXlymPYI5G4ojxebsC3w==

f2698817 Location:

Summary Statistics: Valid 125.0; Min. 0.0; Mean 0.40800000000000003; StDev 0.4934408484993335; Max. 1.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:vvNqoSH1WUByNMHIbVk63A==

f2698817 Location:

Summary Statistics: Min. 0.0; Mean 0.20800000000000002; Max. 1.0; Valid 125.0; StDev 0.4075101423633928

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:MA5Rg+DN7GxxA0vwiokP9w==

f2698817 Location:

Summary Statistics: Mean NaN; Min. NaN; Max. NaN; StDev NaN; Valid 0.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:I3kLbt+XmQN0bgyNEATNQQ==

f2698817 Location:

Summary Statistics: Max. 7.0; Mean 3.2959999999999967; Valid 125.0; StDev 2.0557707917924843; Min. 1.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:gyZKLPWxr13Gryn+FhkLAQ==

f2698817 Location:

Summary Statistics: Mean 3.245333333015443; Valid 125.0; Max. 7.0; Min. 1.0; StDev 1.8011067886425338

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:Kip4vA3jayIUMVDrFs/gkA==

f2698817 Location:

Summary Statistics: StDev 0.7990316720276025; Min. 0.0; Max. 2.0; Mean 1.2159999999999993; Valid 125.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:O332lplgeET9DCgESIISMg==

f2698817 Location:

Summary Statistics: Mean 1.8859649122806956; Min. -88.0; Valid 114.0; StDev 15.812932296755298; Max. 10.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:eaun3SotvsZADu+6iuc1zw==

f2698817 Location:

Summary Statistics: Mean 4.625; Valid 112.0; Min. -10.0; Max. 10.0; StDev 5.939825883940668

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:6DgXJcwe1YY6Y0DkGTGQiQ==

f2698817 Location:

Summary Statistics: Min. 0.0; Mean 27.491228070175428; StDev 31.152784614952722; Max. 203.0; Valid 114.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:2Az5G0veNEzWFlSlUmloyA==

f2698817 Location:

Summary Statistics: Valid 125.0; Max. 4.0; Min. 1.0; Mean 2.632; StDev 1.035934983636802

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:RP1nm5qvt5SWK2keNhjVwQ==

f2698817 Location:

Summary Statistics: Mean 15449.271652211846; StDev 14416.20010591938; Min. 753.1748711101633; Valid 125.0; Max. 76276.97286306715;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:fQw9MASmzcK32e9CRqXdpA==

f2698817 Location:

Summary Statistics: Min. 1.0; Mean 4.736000000000001; Valid 125.0; StDev 2.6370315667187167; Max. 9.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:U2ihMwS22G13A0pNrwm+sg==

f2698817 Location:

Summary Statistics: Valid 125.0; Min. 0.0; Max. 1.0; Mean 0.20000000000000034; StDev 0.4016096644512489;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:NgEfIXTUjV1CwozotOwelg==

f2698817 Location:

Summary Statistics: Min. NaN; StDev NaN; Mean NaN; Max. NaN; Valid 0.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:I3kLbt+XmQN0bgyNEATNQQ==

f2698817 Location:

Summary Statistics: Valid 96.0; Max. 94.89795684814453; StDev 16.930653195411082; Min. 11.73469352722168; Mean 54.4889923731486

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:jCsQqJH2/YohC2Rz4mfNaQ==

f2698817 Location:

Summary Statistics: Max. 84.33526611328125; Valid 56.0; Mean 48.689857397760676; StDev 16.259525019044553; Min. 6.160353660583496;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:M46os0oi3wy7ZdiIuybDWQ==

f2698817 Location:

Summary Statistics: Valid 56.0; StDev 13.768717625594997; Mean 58.03791676248822; Max. 87.77357482910156; Min. 17.30903434753418

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:J4BxwSusNrP/S7nbP6xQJw==

f2698817 Location:

Summary Statistics: StDev 14.602949581280198; Min. 21.368547439575195; Mean 55.8183333740234; Max. 86.10331726074219; Valid 125.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:yYlcnnd93zL4POZCE4VgDw==

f2698817 Location:

Summary Statistics: Min. 16.543310165405273; Mean 49.947704299926784; Valid 125.0; Max. 84.23799896240234; StDev 16.047991581224103;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:JSYFqCsSY8LEY2ZhnYwaiQ==

f2698817 Location:

Summary Statistics: Valid 125.0; Max. 87.96863555908203; Min. 26.193784713745117; StDev 13.847894662435086; Mean 61.68896237182618

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:nhqYh9AguD6rdHHnGv3mUw==

f2698817 Location:

Summary Statistics: Mean 63.328000000000024; Valid 125.0; Min. 1.0; StDev 36.61278993871915; Max. 126.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:9TXpsqIKiqCeqx/gYzeIqg==

f2698817 Location:

Summary Statistics: Max. 3.0; StDev 0.8181016578522784; Mean 1.9920000000000009; Valid 125.0; Min. 1.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:p9syuHszPDuUhOKEWx4W4Q==

f2698817 Location:

Summary Statistics: Mean 6.442493925746691; Min. 1.5882352590560913; StDev 2.139228129537534; Valid 117.0; Max. 9.875

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:JQNkXbHHgPATPuMktuxnGg==

f2698817 Location:

Summary Statistics: Valid 117.0; Max. 9.733688354492188; Mean 5.5659191027665775; Min. 1.0048452615737915; StDev 2.412741679377565

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:YGue0iJYfxvU97xdCuNxOQ==

f2698817 Location:

Summary Statistics: Max. 10.060317993164062; Mean 7.31906875382122; StDev 2.0157329342832546; Min. 1.9652528762817383; Valid 117.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:hNwN0L8anz7SmLlQNKEPdg==

f2698817 Location:

Summary Statistics: Mean NaN; Valid 0.0; Min. NaN; StDev NaN; Max. NaN

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:I3kLbt+XmQN0bgyNEATNQQ==

f2698817 Location:

Summary Statistics: StDev 0.8098665940405925; Min. 1.2916666269302368; Max. 4.5; Mean 2.967694402694701; Valid 125.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:rNFphcCMIe+4GMvBCB/8HA==

f2698817 Location:

Summary Statistics: Max. 4.708333492279053; Valid 125.0; Mean 3.032305594444275; Min. 1.5; StDev 0.8098665879375876;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:XQ2iV5YkaAwLMS5L2tnlvA==

f2698817 Location:

Summary Statistics: Valid 125.0; Min. 1.3125; Mean 2.9934648990631096; Max. 4.875; StDev 0.9596237291282698

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:zYXbf5c/xFnTAfbKqEcK7A==

f2698817 Location:

Summary Statistics: Max. 4.6875; Valid 125.0; StDev 0.9596237243722713; Mean 3.006535098075868; Min. 1.125

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:vdZhSZTBllN15LASjOwN7Q==

f2698817 Location:

Summary Statistics: Max. 4.714285850524902; Mean 2.4653387699127203; Min. 1.0625; StDev 0.8773590082980608; Valid 125.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:DhDGrKAz+RMhHWlAyUdZ9g==

f2698817 Location:

Summary Statistics: StDev 0.8773590064658832; Valid 125.0; Min. 1.2857142686843872; Max. 4.9375; Mean 3.534661236763001

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:HXx0MfzdwJUisabovv6CZw==

f2698817 Location:

Summary Statistics: StDev 16.75229039833271; Min. 28.764375686645508; Valid 125.0; Max. 92.80000305175781; Mean 64.11369091796877

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:MdSuxnV9B9YZ3+oFT0za3Q==

f2698817 Location:

Summary Statistics: Min. 9.375; StDev 20.35392952057132; Max. 91.2673568725586; Mean 54.64641434478762; Valid 125.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:ytyUbss+rQwKk9iD5fhPuA==

f2698817 Location:

Summary Statistics: Valid 0.0; Mean NaN; Max. NaN; StDev NaN; Min. NaN

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:I3kLbt+XmQN0bgyNEATNQQ==

f2698817 Location:

Summary Statistics: Valid 125.0; Mean 3.5219937868118287; Min. 1.4444444179534912; Max. 5.0; StDev 0.8488930765799516

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:meILjlSB3xNAUlTpxTKWdw==

f2698817 Location:

Summary Statistics: Max. 4.9375; Mean 3.8235534029006955; StDev 0.6589930400517953; Min. 1.6666666269302368; Valid 125.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:YJDCJz6trZi2u4gbTPdS5A==

f2698817 Location:

Summary Statistics: Max. 5.0; Mean 3.51589722919464; StDev 0.9593835112805467; Min. 1.1764706373214722; Valid 125.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:iuB5agEVq5t7dvvlVD/8tg==

f2698817 Location:

Summary Statistics: StDev 0.870538787703825; Max. 5.0; Min. 1.6470588445663452; Mean 3.6992957839965817; Valid 125.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:NU2+WCA9eMyrfgS1UBuZlg==

f2698817 Location:

Summary Statistics: Valid 125.0; Max. 100.0; StDev 16.199179180654042; Min. 31.66666603088379; Mean 72.72983622741701;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:GcDfaxRFqYiJOp5acnWdWw==

f2698817 Location:

Summary Statistics: StDev 19.271967525847984; Min. 18.75; Max. 99.23611450195312; Valid 125.0; Mean 66.08976414489746

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:IYB3RaWeGTG7lI0dUrtl6w==

f2698817 Location:

Summary Statistics: Max. NaN; Min. NaN; StDev NaN; Mean NaN; Valid 0.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:I3kLbt+XmQN0bgyNEATNQQ==

f2698817 Location:

Summary Statistics: StDev 0.867734817850695; Valid 124.0; Mean 2.8445520583660366; Max. 5.0; Min. 1.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:mRMIcLpTVkCKx6In99EkrA==

f2698817 Location:

Summary Statistics: Mean 3.1554479329816747; Max. 5.0; Min. 1.0; Valid 124.0; StDev 0.8677348242295397

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:/tUTlJBm/mqSEqoRRfL8IA==

f2698817 Location:

Summary Statistics: StDev 0.8617987031590413; Mean 2.775697404338469; Max. 5.0; Valid 124.0; Min. 1.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:m5UJ7MKZaS9y9VM+x24ptg==

f2698817 Location:

Summary Statistics: StDev 0.8617986862088578; Valid 124.0; Min. 1.0; Mean 3.224302591816073; Max. 5.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:Dgi0JzmSafmuUvLN1UF5ZQ==

f2698817 Location:

Summary Statistics: Valid 124.0; Min. 1.3333333730697632; StDev 0.7198916470937791; Mean 3.1107423449716256; Max. 5.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:20AVC60/cgidaTiBHkPAUg==

f2698817 Location:

Summary Statistics: Valid 124.0; Min. 27.857059478759766; StDev 14.75451516252467; Max. 100.05000305175781; Mean 63.258678451661154;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:xUuxjXvEkI96Rh1WqQ3TsA==

f2698817 Location:

Summary Statistics: StDev 14.390874525658099; Valid 125.0; Min. 9.803921699523926; Max. 83.70370483398438; Mean 53.34971126556395;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:bnJB3Mu4BiBtNMJR/PdlcA==

f2698817 Location:

Summary Statistics: Max. NaN; Mean NaN; Min. NaN; StDev NaN; Valid 0.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:I3kLbt+XmQN0bgyNEATNQQ==

f2698817 Location:

Summary Statistics: StDev 0.9360222358335925; Max. 4.75; Min. 1.1666666269302368; Valid 125.0; Mean 3.160876301765443

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:r8wBt6QNEAVnLaIAeGf2Sw==

f2698817 Location:

Summary Statistics: Min. 1.25; Max. 4.833333492279053; Mean 2.8391236963272104; StDev 0.936022243156712; Valid 125.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:1RnB47a+mEdzyGHMXzU9MA==

f2698817 Location:

Summary Statistics: Mean 2.864411334991457; Min. 1.0; StDev 0.956144773448005; Valid 125.0; Max. 4.75;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:kis83fejyFCJG7oLti8sVw==

f2698817 Location:

Summary Statistics: Max. 5.0; StDev 0.9561447651207877; Mean 3.1355886640548696; Min. 1.25; Valid 125.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:/FANvKenBnbsTZ9Z9z4j4g==

f2698817 Location:

Summary Statistics: StDev 0.9540701753121124; Mean 2.7946853580013413; Min. 1.0; Valid 124.0; Max. 4.75;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:9YAnyI44FeGir0F1U0uL7Q==

f2698817 Location:

Summary Statistics: Min. 1.25; Mean 3.2053146285395466; Valid 124.0; Max. 5.0; StDev 0.9540701734591128

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:F0UMYO7ywPSB4vnKTcwQJA==

f2698817 Location:

Summary Statistics: Min. 24.011999130249023; Max. 98.62071990966797; Valid 124.0; StDev 18.496304787367222; Mean 61.98546154268323;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:QLl91e1zz8fJtBBFNhxOng==

f2698817 Location:

Summary Statistics: StDev 20.387180924389583; Valid 125.0; Max. 94.6875; Min. 13.138888359069824; Mean 51.58389501190185

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:M6QSXP0NIf6F+/EFTpVyXQ==

f2698817 Location:

Summary Statistics: Mean NaN; Valid 0.0; Max. NaN; StDev NaN; Min. NaN

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:I3kLbt+XmQN0bgyNEATNQQ==

f2698817 Location:

Summary Statistics: Valid 125.0; Max. 4.857142925262451; Mean 2.3847307863235487; Min. 1.125; StDev 1.0318887382607334

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:Q370+LEFmWSOLSX+L0XH0w==

f2698817 Location:

Summary Statistics: Valid 125.0; Max. 4.875; Min. 1.1428571939468384; Mean 3.615269219398498; StDev 1.031888717575465;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:sF1WQb/4CV+Vk/1nT21smw==

f2698817 Location:

Summary Statistics: Valid 125.0; Mean 3.4421726474761956; StDev 0.7235861090756927; Min. 1.2222222089767456; Max. 4.857142925262451

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:lIavbumhHi7DtgShbEfRkg==

f2698817 Location:

Summary Statistics: Valid 125.0; Max. 4.666666507720947; Mean 3.3413220434188844; StDev 0.6636400140447529; Min. 1.600000023841858

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:FFYO8qbKG3n2lVZPiODW8A==

f2698817 Location:

Summary Statistics: Valid 125.0; StDev 0.7642031025404502; Mean 3.2004428195953363; Min. 1.4375; Max. 5.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:Wbr08n6YFoDTK3HpF5A/yw==

f2698817 Location:

Summary Statistics: Max. 4.5625; StDev 0.7642031051523658; Min. 1.0; Mean 2.799557181358337; Valid 125.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:fTlk9DyDF3HsdYy+MvH4wg==

f2698817 Location:

Summary Statistics: Min. 1.125; Valid 125.0; Max. 5.0; StDev 0.9630789639740397; Mean 2.631296477317809;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:M/TulzOeh6yCV9BOChXtXw==

f2698817 Location:

Summary Statistics: Valid 125.0; StDev 0.9630789534882671; Mean 3.3687035121917734; Max. 4.875; Min. 1.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:+kIumrLviixQv0ZIONzrbQ==

f2698817 Location:

Summary Statistics: Valid 125.0; StDev 13.585866469658326; Max. 94.0; Min. 30.66666603088379; Mean 66.37148182678224

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:A3yZM3p4nkPiG0aMJtyDLg==

f2698817 Location:

Summary Statistics: Mean 57.86726210021974; StDev 16.009372567173088; Max. 92.5; Min. 18.3125; Valid 125.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:849VU+J4oVhJL01evQQpBA==

f2698817 Location:

Summary Statistics: StDev NaN; Mean NaN; Max. NaN; Min. NaN; Valid 0.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:I3kLbt+XmQN0bgyNEATNQQ==

f2698817 Location:

Summary Statistics: Min. 1.0; Max. 4.333333492279053; StDev 0.7464831704880381; Valid 125.0; Mean 2.67229122543335;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:wctxYz6BSf0zKxtliGSJRA==

f2698817 Location:

Summary Statistics: Min. 1.4615384340286255; Valid 125.0; Mean 3.2877698116302496; StDev 0.9184615789101782; Max. 5.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:TBhVFnlJr5pB/Sh6QP86KQ==

f2698817 Location:

Summary Statistics: StDev 0.9184615652916012; Mean 2.7122301826477053; Valid 125.0; Min. 1.0; Max. 4.538461685180664

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:4w7QuUO7mvBC2TurF9xECQ==

f2698817 Location:

Summary Statistics: StDev 0.7673371702228127; Max. 4.375; Min. 1.1764706373214722; Valid 125.0; Mean 2.8269440994262687

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:+hygDzP8f3lFRrxjQRApsA==

f2698817 Location:

Summary Statistics: StDev 0.6984513143758238; Valid 125.0; Min. 1.25; Mean 2.883783604621888; Max. 4.333333492279053

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:SVVDy03/9mB9avXBSsWA3A==

f2698817 Location:

Summary Statistics: Mean 3.3047034683227543; Valid 125.0; Min. 1.0; StDev 0.7167789131910199; Max. 5.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:enybs1s+bxsxauXxaTJn7A==

f2698817 Location:

Summary Statistics: Min. 27.55555534362793; Mean 56.66410146221037; Max. 80.0; StDev 10.427228615261487; Valid 124.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:Qsx8rd51HscBNb6W8EVCPQ==

f2698817 Location:

Summary Statistics: Mean 47.41232141876222; Min. 11.574999809265137; StDev 12.992903066439245; Valid 125.0; Max. 70.1875

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:b7pMjCFZrs4q4fELFBRYQg==

f2698817 Location:

Summary Statistics: Valid 0.0; Max. NaN; StDev NaN; Mean NaN; Min. NaN

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:I3kLbt+XmQN0bgyNEATNQQ==

f2698817 Location:

Summary Statistics: Valid 125.0; Min. 1.1909091472625732; Max. 4.307692527770996; StDev 0.8018372767464014; Mean 2.6981500854492197

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:TxBLurz9axhpVcrXD2NsNQ==

f2698817 Location:

Summary Statistics: Mean 2.399547163009644; StDev 0.6330117880771671; Min. 1.0; Max. 3.7272727489471436; Valid 125.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:H2BGwdgX9Sw+MhvctQvUTQ==

f2698817 Location:

Summary Statistics: Min. 1.0; StDev 0.6455437769362468; Valid 125.0; Max. 3.75; Mean 2.0400655679702755

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:FB67GGXX0nR5XQcEZ9fMwA==

f2698817 Location:

Summary Statistics: Min. 1.0; StDev 0.8222360118483808; Valid 125.0; Max. 4.666666507720947; Mean 3.168743133544922

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:klDVLMPXCm1Q/PMRGbKbGQ==

f2698817 Location:

Summary Statistics: Mean 2.8312568550109876; StDev 0.822236016471204; Max. 5.0; Valid 125.0; Min. 1.3333333730697632

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:Xnzqxjw+8dTTsSu3qafArg==

f2698817 Location:

Summary Statistics: StDev 0.8921350092142482; Mean 3.603218886375427; Valid 125.0; Max. 5.0; Min. 1.375

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:ySy7ImDz6A06Kg/BY5TBHA==

f2698817 Location:

Summary Statistics: Min. 1.0; Valid 125.0; Mean 2.3967811164855948; Max. 4.625; StDev 0.8921350067304288

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:iuCRbpc8OXelmy2h30R+Vg==

f2698817 Location:

Summary Statistics: Valid 125.0; Mean 48.628398559570314; StDev 13.534741168261183; Min. 20.0; Max. 80.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:GTPfgIKGSi8ZqerkW1EDMQ==

f2698817 Location:

Summary Statistics: StDev 15.543392130965323; Min. 8.333333015441895; Valid 125.0; Mean 36.97648634338376; Max. 73.96154022216797;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:H817gloqwk1tSugnQWrxuA==

f2698817 Location:

Summary Statistics: Min. NaN; Mean NaN; Max. NaN; Valid 0.0; StDev NaN

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:I3kLbt+XmQN0bgyNEATNQQ==

f2698817 Location:

Summary Statistics: Mean 2.4097079439163194; Max. 4.857142925262451; Valid 125.0; Min. 1.0; StDev 0.9943979527841676

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:fA0eRte3ZQWkiXSL6W+OKQ==

f2698817 Location:

Summary Statistics: Valid 125.0; Max. 5.0; Mean 3.5902920541763303; StDev 0.9943979642774574; Min. 1.1428571939468384

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:3z/v3y+eUe/mkROoe5vN1w==