Replication Data for: Winning hearts and minds with economic sanctions? Evidence from a survey experiment in Venezuela (doi:10.7910/DVN/VYGEYO)

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Part 1: Document Description
Part 2: Study Description
Part 3: Data Files Description
Part 4: Variable Description
Part 5: Other Study-Related Materials
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Document Description

Citation

Title:

Replication Data for: Winning hearts and minds with economic sanctions? Evidence from a survey experiment in Venezuela

Identification Number:

doi:10.7910/DVN/VYGEYO

Distributor:

Harvard Dataverse

Date of Distribution:

2024-07-24

Version:

1

Bibliographic Citation:

Sejersen, Mikkel, 2024, "Replication Data for: Winning hearts and minds with economic sanctions? Evidence from a survey experiment in Venezuela", https://doi.org/10.7910/DVN/VYGEYO, Harvard Dataverse, V1, UNF:6:cPIbHT+bwp8greU2BAOA/w== [fileUNF]

Study Description

Citation

Title:

Replication Data for: Winning hearts and minds with economic sanctions? Evidence from a survey experiment in Venezuela

Identification Number:

doi:10.7910/DVN/VYGEYO

Authoring Entity:

Sejersen, Mikkel (Aarhus University)

Distributor:

Harvard Dataverse

Access Authority:

Sejersen, Mikkel

Depositor:

Sejersen, Mikkel

Date of Deposit:

2019-08-14

Holdings Information:

https://doi.org/10.7910/DVN/VYGEYO

Study Scope

Keywords:

Social Sciences, economic sanctions, public opinion, state repression, targeted sanctions, rally-around-the-flag effect

Abstract:

This is the replication dataset, do-file, and log of results for the article "Winning hearts and minds with economic sanctions? Evidence from a survey experiment in Venezuela". Abstract: Previous research contends that economic sanctions must benefit opposition groups relative to the incumbent regime in order to generate policy change. However, studies have found that sanctions often backfire and increase regime support. While this rally-around-the-flag effect is well known, we do not know how senders can prevent it. In this article, I use individual-level data from a targeted state to examine whether a sender’s framing of the sanctions may play a role in preventing the rally-around-the-flag effect. A survey experiment conducted among respondents in Venezuela demonstrates that the public attitude toward sanctions is shaped by the framing of the sanctions. Specifically, people adopt more favorable views when interpreting sanctions as targeted measures against regime members with the explicit goal of protecting fundamental human rights. The effects are evident among moderates, which is significant as they are otherwise the group most likely to rally behind the regime.

Methodology and Processing

Sources Statement

Data Access

Notes:

<a href="http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0">CC0 1.0</a>

Other Study Description Materials

Related Publications

Citation

Title:

Sejersen, Mikkel (2019). Winning hearts and minds with economic sanctions? Evidence from a survey experiment in Venezuela. Foreign Policy Analysis

Bibliographic Citation:

Sejersen, Mikkel (2019). Winning hearts and minds with economic sanctions? Evidence from a survey experiment in Venezuela. Foreign Policy Analysis

File Description--f3538233

File: Dataset_Winning_Hearts.tab

  • Number of cases: 1000

  • No. of variables per record: 13

  • Type of File: text/tab-separated-values

Notes:

UNF:6:cPIbHT+bwp8greU2BAOA/w==

Dataset

Variable Description

List of Variables:
  • Q101 - How old are you?
  • Q102 - Are you a man or a woman?
  • Q103 - What is the highest level of education you have completed?
  • Q104 - In what state do you currently live?
  • Q105 - In politics, people normally speak of """"left"""" and """"right"""". On a scale
  • Q106 - Please tell us if you have a very favorable, somewhat favorable, somewhat unfavo
  • Q107 - In politics, people normally speak of the """"government"""" and the """"opposit
  • Q48_split - Q48 Split Sample
  • Q48_version1 - Are you in favor of the sanctions?
  • Q48_version2 - Are you in favor of the sanctions?
  • Q48_version3 - Are you in favor of the sanctions?
  • Q48_version4 - Are you in favor of the sanctions?
  • Q51 - When did you first hear about the U.S. sanctions?

Variables

How old are you?

f3538233 Location:

Summary Statistics: Max. 997.0; Min. 18.0; Valid 1000.0; StDev 177.1074984013664; Mean 69.72600000000001

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:0FaxViO1Q5A2sGkQBGhovw==

Are you a man or a woman?

f3538233 Location:

Value

Label

Frequency

Text

1.

Man

516

2.

Woman

484

988.

Prefer not to state

0

Summary Statistics: Min. 1.0; Valid 1000.0; Max. 2.0; Mean 1.483999999999999; StDev 0.4999939939579188;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:Ya8pzC8DCdGcgtoMRZnqHA==

What is the highest level of education you have completed?

f3538233 Location:

Value

Label

Frequency

Text

7.

Complete secondary school: university-preparatory type

88

988.

Prefer not to state

1

8.

Some university-level education, without degree

193

6.

Incomplete secondary school: university-preparatory type

6

1.

No formal schooling

0

2.

Incomplete primary school

0

3.

Complete primary school

2

4.

Incomplete secondary school: technical/vocational type

16

9.

University-level education, with degree

667

5.

Complete secondary school: technical/vocational type

27

Summary Statistics: Mean 9.392000000000001; Max. 988.0; StDev 30.995985015596396; Min. 3.0; Valid 1000.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:Xe7UCENNIjZJemr9jEf4Lg==

In what state do you currently live?

f3538233 Location:

Value

Label

Frequency

Text

19.

Portuguesa

30

25.

Zulia

113

17.

Monagas

26

6.

Aragua

56

5.

Apure

8

16.

Miranda

63

24.

Yaracuy

15

11.

Delta Amacuro

2

12.

Falc�n

20

15.

M�rida

18

7.

Barinas

15

21.

T�chira

37

20.

Sucre

30

3.

Amazonas

2

4.

Anzo�tegui

70

1.

Capital district

182

23.

Vargas

5

10.

Cojedes

5

14.

Lara

95

22.

Trujillo

13

8.

Bolivar

60

9.

Carabobo

95

2.

Federal dependencies

1

13.

Gu�rico

14

18.

Nueva Esparta

25

Summary Statistics: Min. 1.0; Valid 1000.0; StDev 8.004755280900673; Mean 11.81300000000001; Max. 25.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:4EH6IcZ5Ul5rlSZOfjTWrA==

In politics, people normally speak of """"left"""" and """"right"""". On a scale

f3538233 Location:

Value

Label

Frequency

Text

988.

Prefer not to state

51

5.

4

20

7.

6

64

11.

10 = Right

226

10.

9

47

8.

7

120

9.

8

108

3.

2

11

2.

1

9

6.

5

269

1.

0 = Left

50

4.

3

25

Summary Statistics: Min. 1.0; Max. 988.0; Mean 57.638999999999925; Valid 1000.0; StDev 215.8009238110845

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:fIjSoMdEtbaBSlXu7qwuMQ==

Please tell us if you have a very favorable, somewhat favorable, somewhat unfavo

f3538233 Location:

Value

Label

Frequency

Text

1.

Very favorable

38

4.

Very unfavorable

688

3.

Somewhat unfavorable

153

2.

Somewhat favorable

70

988.

Prefer not to state

51

Summary Statistics: Max. 988.0; StDev 216.6818688845547; Mean 53.77699999999996; Min. 1.0; Valid 1000.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:HqhaOBvQbhMkJoSjkZGX5Q==

In politics, people normally speak of the """"government"""" and the """"opposit

f3538233 Location:

Value

Label

Frequency

Text

2.

I support the opposition

593

988.

Prefer not to state

314

1.

I support the government of President Maduro

93

Summary Statistics: Min. 1.0; Valid 1000.0; StDev 457.9107556491132; Mean 311.51099999999997; Max. 988.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:YoMg2HD+7m8SDjX5PzTB9g==

Q48 Split Sample

f3538233 Location:

Value

Label

Frequency

Text

1.

Version 1

253

2.

Version 2

244

4.

Version 4

253

3.

Version 3

250

Summary Statistics: Valid 1000.0; Mean 2.503; Min. 1.0; StDev 1.12394584133501; Max. 4.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:TiUHdSQcossKqQg2xp8mzg==

Are you in favor of the sanctions?

f3538233 Location:

Value

Label

Frequency

Text

988.

Prefer not to state

15

1.

Strongly oppose

16

2.

Somewhat oppose

8

3.

Slightly oppose

8

4.

Neutral

24

5.

Slightly favor

11

6.

Somewhat favor

36

7.

Strongly favor

135

Summary Statistics: Valid 253.0; Min. 1.0; StDev 232.43939248245934; Mean 63.98418972332017; Max. 988.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:CfvzWsX4Znxwh4ce8HXceg==

Are you in favor of the sanctions?

f3538233 Location:

Value

Label

Frequency

Text

4.

Neutral

36

6.

Somewhat favor

38

7.

Strongly favor

92

2.

Somewhat oppose

13

3.

Slightly oppose

10

1.

Strongly oppose

24

5.

Slightly favor

17

988.

Prefer not to state

14

Summary Statistics: Mean 61.52868852459022; Max. 988.0; StDev 229.05539430272827; Valid 244.0; Min. 1.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:2xnjMvbYHJehCIvQM0/LLg==

Are you in favor of the sanctions?

f3538233 Location:

Value

Label

Frequency

Text

3.

Slightly oppose

7

988.

Prefer not to state

9

5.

Slightly favor

11

1.

Strongly oppose

27

6.

Somewhat favor

46

4.

Neutral

41

2.

Somewhat oppose

9

7.

Strongly favor

100

Summary Statistics: Valid 250.0; StDev 183.4582491268538; Min. 1.0; Mean 40.61199999999994; Max. 988.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:csu7zDJy10rl0TyA7iu+ug==

Are you in favor of the sanctions?

f3538233 Location:

Value

Label

Frequency

Text

2.

Somewhat oppose

21

3.

Slightly oppose

7

4.

Neutral

41

6.

Somewhat favor

54

5.

Slightly favor

15

7.

Strongly favor

69

988.

Prefer not to state

12

1.

Strongly oppose

34

Summary Statistics: StDev 209.4246045065107; Mean 51.379446640316274; Valid 253.0; Max. 988.0; Min. 1.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:wfpV3FpxKBtHkw29Tg+7kw==

When did you first hear about the U.S. sanctions?

f3538233 Location:

Value

Label

Frequency

Text

1.

More than a year ago

467

988.

Prefer not to state

50

2.

Between six and twelve months ago

171

4.

I have never previously heard of this

20

3.

Within the last six months

292

Summary Statistics: Min. 1.0; Valid 1000.0; StDev 215.03414021140097; Mean 51.16500000000003; Max. 988.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:+O9Lpgy6a3gZqB1A2WcXSQ==

Other Study-Related Materials

Label:

Do_File_Winning_Hearts.do

Text:

DoFile

Notes:

application/x-stata-syntax

Other Study-Related Materials

Label:

Log_Winning_Hearts.smcl

Text:

Log

Notes:

application/x-stata-smcl