Replication Data for Fuel on the Fire: Has the Politics of COVID-19 Accelerated Secularization in America? (doi:10.7910/DVN/X9R8FI)

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Part 1: Document Description
Part 2: Study Description
Part 3: Data Files Description
Part 4: Variable Description
Part 5: Other Study-Related Materials
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Document Description

Citation

Title:

Replication Data for Fuel on the Fire: Has the Politics of COVID-19 Accelerated Secularization in America?

Identification Number:

doi:10.7910/DVN/X9R8FI

Distributor:

Harvard Dataverse

Date of Distribution:

2025-01-09

Version:

Bibliographic Citation:

Layman, Geoffrey, 2025, "Replication Data for Fuel on the Fire: Has the Politics of COVID-19 Accelerated Secularization in America?", https://doi.org/10.7910/DVN/X9R8FI, Harvard Dataverse, V1, UNF:6:SIaGaO2wnv6+eUfjwodRxg== [fileUNF]

Study Description

Citation

Title:

Replication Data for Fuel on the Fire: Has the Politics of COVID-19 Accelerated Secularization in America?

Identification Number:

doi:10.7910/DVN/X9R8FI

Authoring Entity:

Layman, Geoffrey (University of Notre Dame)

Distributor:

Harvard Dataverse

Access Authority:

Layman, Geoffrey

Depositor:

Layman, Geoffrey

Date of Deposit:

2025-01-09

Holdings Information:

https://doi.org/10.7910/DVN/X9R8FI

Study Scope

Keywords:

Social Sciences

Abstract:

The replication files included here allow users to replicate the findings in the Political Behavior article "Fuel on the Fire: Has the Politics of COVID-19 Accelerated Secularization in America?" by David E. Campbell, Geoffrey C. Layman, and John C. Green.

Methodology and Processing

Sources Statement

Data Access

Other Study Description Materials

File Description--f10814404

File: FOF_2017-2021 panel.tab

Number of cases: 1008
No. of variables per record: 29
Type of File: text/tab-separated-values

Notes:

UNF:6:SmHHltCBkbumnTku4v6qIg==

Stata file containing the data used in the article from the 2017-2021 Secular America Panel Study

File Description--f10814407

File: Fuel on the Fire, Experiment 1.tab

Number of cases: 1858
No. of variables per record: 5
Type of File: text/tab-separated-values

Notes:

UNF:6:2hGrUq3CvPRzXSGwO8NYPg==

Data from experiment 1 in "Fuel on the Fire"

File Description--f10814410

File: Fuel on the Fire, Experiment 2.tab

Number of cases: 1246
No. of variables per record: 6
Type of File: text/tab-separated-values

Notes:

UNF:6:6IXjmC30l8odn0m8XRfRmQ==

Data from experiment 2 in "Fuel on the Fire"

Variable Description

List of Variables:

caseid21 - Case ID (recontact)
factevid17 - Factual evidence source of true beliefs
freemind17 - To understand world, free minds from old traditions
decisions17 - Important decisions, rely mostly on reason/evidence
reason17 - Hard to live good life based on reason/facts alone
humanknow17 - What we believe right/wrong can't base only on human knowledge
factevid21 - Factual evidence source of true beliefs
freemind21 - To understand world, free minds from old traditions
decisions21 - Important decisions, rely mostly on reason/evidence
reason21 - Hard to live good life based on reason/facts alone
humanknow21 - What we believe right/wrong can't base only on human knowledge
relattend17 - Religious services attendance
relguide17 - How much guidance from religion?
pray17 - Frequency of prayer
god17 - Belief in God
none17 - Religion = nothing in particular
vaccines17 - Health benefits of vaccines outweigh risks
vaccines21 - Health benefits of vaccines outweigh risks
sex - Sex, dummy for women
educ - Education level
white - Dummy for non-Hispanic whites
age - Age in years
democrat - Dummy for Democrats, including leaners
indy - Dummy for non-leaning independents
evang - Dummy for evangelical Protestants
catholic - Dummy for Catholics
vaxXdem - vaccines17 X democrat
vaxXind - vaccines17 X indy
weight21 - General population weight for panel respondents
pid_3 - RECODE of pid_x
correct_answer2 - RECODE of correct_answer
covid_rel2 - Anti-Vaccine, Religious Frame
covid_norel2 - Anti-Vaccine, Non-Religious Frame
personsec_add_01_nosci3
pid_3_w_leaners - RECODE of pid_x
correct_answer2 - RECODE of correct_answer
vaccines - Health Benefits Outweigh Risks
covid_rel - Anti-Vaccine, Religious Frame
covid_norel - Anti-Vaccine, Non-Religious Frame
personsec_add_01_nosci3

Variables

Case ID (recontact)

f10814404 Location:

Summary Statistics: Mean 1.3890873828015873E9; Valid 1008.0; Max. 1.393446909E9; Min. 1.380678707E9; StDev 1513037.4161560156

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:f6uE5YQwBwcsYDaF3M2JlA==

Factual evidence source of true beliefs

f10814404 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency	Text
0.	Strongly disagree	39
1.	Strongly agree	221

Summary Statistics: Mean 0.6614583333333333; StDev 0.25413200256345553; Min. 0.0; Max. 1.0; Valid 1008.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:efiTrzCXoQ+I/9QqljvQog==

To understand world, free minds from old traditions

f10814404 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency	Text
1.	Strongly agree	146
0.	Strongly disagree	120

Summary Statistics: Mean 0.5171130952380952; Valid 1008.0; Min. 0.0; Max. 1.0; StDev 0.3059608063169658

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:VFxcwNF4tlLlQrMMg5Uj/w==

Important decisions, rely mostly on reason/evidence

f10814404 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency	Text
0.	Strongly disagree	17
1.	Strongly agree	208

Summary Statistics: StDev 0.23067465348202298; Mean 0.6842757936507937; Min. 0.0; Valid 1008.0; Max. 1.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:1/6diaUCxRuyaSVaT8m4iA==

Hard to live good life based on reason/facts alone

f10814404 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency	Text
1.	Strongly disagree	139
0.	Strongly agree	105

Summary Statistics: StDev 0.29826223827030784; Valid 1008.0; Max. 1.0; Mean 0.5064484126984126; Min. 0.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:FUtm8PZpYhvKVGBoKn81Og==

What we believe right/wrong can't base only on human knowledge

f10814404 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency	Text
0.	Strongly agree	143
1.	Strongly disagree	79

Summary Statistics: Min. 0.0; Max. 1.0; StDev 0.2821146057437432; Mean 0.4407242063492063; Valid 1008.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:kPOg0B0fSt5m9AXh0id1Ng==

Factual evidence source of true beliefs

f10814404 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency	Text
0.	Strongly disagree	27
1.	Strongly agree	171

Summary Statistics: Min. 0.0; StDev 0.23501998002078192; Valid 1008.0; Mean 0.6408730158730159; Max. 1.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:slsFoSVU4Hw863YXBejH9w==

To understand world, free minds from old traditions

f10814404 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency	Text
1.	Strongly agree	127
0.	Strongly disagree	130

Summary Statistics: Mean 0.5089285714285715; StDev 0.30047900001661737; Max. 1.0; Valid 1008.0; Min. 0.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:fXMiaOP5hjAfWRUhx2tPmw==

Important decisions, rely mostly on reason/evidence

f10814404 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency	Text
0.	Strongly disagree	20
1.	Strongly agree	218

Summary Statistics: StDev 0.2316335922387327; Max. 1.0; Valid 1008.0; Mean 0.6887400793650794; Min. 0.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:dG51GfC6b8r8ZDixd3y6Gg==

Hard to live good life based on reason/facts alone

f10814404 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency	Text
1.	Strongly disagree	149
0.	Strongly agree	83

Summary Statistics: Mean 0.5230654761904762; Min. 0.0; StDev 0.29036365186828694; Max. 1.0; Valid 1008.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:+speC0CngcDSlCFhUriQAw==

What we believe right/wrong can't base only on human knowledge

f10814404 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency	Text
1.	Strongly disagree	95
0.	Strongly agree	128

Summary Statistics: Min. 0.0; Max. 1.0; Valid 1008.0; StDev 0.28157467152564064; Mean 0.45238095238095233

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:OmfkjGdxeJUdI+8xu+GrSQ==

Religious services attendance

f10814404 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency	Text
0.	More than once a week	74
1.	Never	336

Summary Statistics: Mean 0.6474454365079364; Valid 1008.0; StDev 0.3666629311282541; Min. 0.0; Max. 1.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:CZGxIiyijUfN1cafuWcKPA==

How much guidance from religion?

f10814404 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency	Text
1.	A great deal	444
0.	None	232

Summary Statistics: Mean 0.6035052812879995; StDev 0.4077491333301957; Min. 0.0; Max. 1.0; Valid 1008.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:RWP1wQNoLYdoojX4fdQ7rQ==

Frequency of prayer

f10814404 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency	Text
0.	More than once a day	247
1.	Never	195

Summary Statistics: Max. 1.0; Valid 1008.0; Min. 0.0; Mean 0.4216269841269841; StDev 0.39672946934042025;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:rPoYKr9UwHxWazSIIFhj6w==

Belief in God

f10814404 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency	Text
0.	Is a God	269
1.	Is no God	22

Summary Statistics: Max. 1.0; Valid 1008.0; Min. 0.0; Mean 0.28543650895904105; StDev 0.3433166833345039;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:jlSqufl/u//4yODZl5RRLQ==

Religion = nothing in particular

f10814404 Location:

Summary Statistics: Min. 0.0; Mean 0.21230158730158738; Valid 1008.0; Max. 1.0; StDev 0.4091401843916954

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:WLnbGBQw7RL/q6MP52gSyA==

Health benefits of vaccines outweigh risks

f10814404 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency	Text
1.	Strongly agree	422
0.	Strongly disagree	33

Summary Statistics: Max. 1.0; Valid 1008.0; Mean 0.7631448412698412; StDev 0.2584487580342928; Min. 0.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:cR+yCyNVjxbKALp4ZwihSw==

Health benefits of vaccines outweigh risks

f10814404 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency	Text
0.	Strongly disagree	56
1.	Strongly agree	440

Summary Statistics: Mean 0.6403769841269844; StDev 3.1551272338391745; Max. 1.0; Min. -99.0; Valid 1008.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:g769y5MTiWMrpHh7GkVQig==

Sex, dummy for women

f10814404 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency	Text
1.	Female	491
0.	Male	517

Summary Statistics: Max. 1.0; Mean 0.48710317460317487; Min. 0.0; Valid 1008.0; StDev 0.5000817622025727;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:R9GdHfvrMutrCiSTl/X7Wg==

Education level

f10814404 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency	Text
0.	No HS	38
1.	Post-grad	116

Summary Statistics: Valid 1008.0; Min. 0.0; Max. 1.0; StDev 0.2998835328814734; Mean 0.5005952458207805

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:AV2mtBmHOWl7t/X4RHBFeA==

Dummy for non-Hispanic whites

f10814404 Location:

Summary Statistics: StDev 0.463339747791323; Min. 0.0; Mean 0.6884920634920637; Max. 1.0; Valid 1008.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:2uE2CER8xF3MLCn5W4WP6g==

Age in years

f10814404 Location:

Summary Statistics: Valid 1008.0; StDev 0.2033349698558468; Min. 0.0; Mean 0.4519251387257735; Max. 0.9459459185600281

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:aj2L5xe3nkJ4wY0lcee5NA==

Dummy for Democrats, including leaners

f10814404 Location:

Summary Statistics: StDev 13.889472095698169; Valid 1008.0; Min. -99.0; Mean -1.488095238095236; Max. 1.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:EkvH63WXSHqKpWvJv/uvPw==

Dummy for non-leaning independents

f10814404 Location:

Summary Statistics: Mean -1.7708333333333381; Min. -99.0; Max. 1.0; StDev 13.846013070711631; Valid 1008.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:zyU1Ygmi85djOE8ZehzNzg==

Dummy for evangelical Protestants

f10814404 Location:

Summary Statistics: Max. 1.0; Mean -2.1121031746031758; Valid 1008.0; StDev 14.816800240125408; Min. -99.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:rEshiHqveuhmsqu0F70WZw==

Dummy for Catholics

f10814404 Location:

Summary Statistics: Mean -2.0605158730158735; Valid 1008.0; Min. -99.0; Max. 1.0; StDev 14.825811134677776;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:/4MOqZjnwedmBfiWpS5b5g==

vaccines17 X democrat

f10814404 Location:

Summary Statistics: Max. 1.0; Valid 1008.0; Min. -99.0; StDev 13.874844615611282; Mean -1.5766369047619013

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:5TqvKDvZ+RAJ1qo+QB6fxQ==

vaccines17 X indy

f10814404 Location:

Summary Statistics: Mean -1.8328373015873063; Max. 1.0; Valid 1008.0; Min. -99.0; StDev 13.834780447664158;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:tORonh1l1BOoJCbAth543g==

General population weight for panel respondents

f10814404 Location:

Summary Statistics: Max. 7.01254416002372; StDev 1.0980319914421617; Min. 0.0845567002452722; Mean 1.0; Valid 1008.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:Sc2Rz3YkhMrwjDQPnyoLrw==

RECODE of pid_x

f10814407 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency
1.	Democrat	801
3.	Republican	706
2.	Ind	202

Summary Statistics: Min. 1.0; Valid 1709.0; Max. 3.0; Mean 1.944411936805143; StDev 0.937670869361182

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:BrZz8uHd99wFt8nz9DsMnw==

RECODE of correct_answer

f10814407 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency
1.	right	1293
2.	control	395
0.	wrong	170

Summary Statistics: Min. 0.0; StDev 0.5381278303073942; Valid 1858.0; Max. 2.0; Mean 1.1210979547900974;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:+5PR9jpW5/eV+G5pswxhYA==

Anti-Vaccine, Religious Frame

f10814407 Location:

Summary Statistics: Valid 935.0; Max. 1.0; StDev 0.4632444070756015; Mean 0.3112299465240644; Min. 0.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:By0gb7pNukLCficOMBj4BA==

Anti-Vaccine, Non-Religious Frame

f10814407 Location:

Summary Statistics: Valid 935.0; Max. 1.0; Min. 0.0; Mean 0.316577540106952; StDev 0.46538999340533593

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:QHY2usDDpbyMTNlk03FGPg==

personsec_add_01_nosci3

f10814407 Location:

Summary Statistics: Mean 0.547770347408826; Max. 1.0; StDev 0.1525047993849212; Min. 0.0; Valid 1794.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:XZZ5IStmUx+pxaR2CZi1jA==

RECODE of pid_x

f10814410 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency
2.	Ind	123
1.	Democrat	551
3.	Republican	432

Summary Statistics: Valid 1106.0; Max. 3.0; Mean 1.8924050632911391; Min. 1.0; StDev 0.9370195372300543

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:gGh29U4dfEKqM2lT7Ry09w==

RECODE of correct_answer

f10814410 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency
0.	wrong	127
1.	right	674
2.	control	445

Summary Statistics: Min. 0.0; StDev 0.6278932016553128; Mean 1.2552166934189408; Max. 2.0; Valid 1246.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:kwbsH7RekF4eoqetIhvV+A==

Health Benefits Outweigh Risks

f10814410 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency
5.	Strongly Agree	445
3.	Neither Agree Nor Disagree	243
4.	Agree	332
2.	Disagree	84
1.	Strongly Disagree	90

Summary Statistics: StDev 1.2240100893948416; Valid 1194.0; Max. 5.0; Mean 3.8023450586264658; Min. 1.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:P5tgRNGAW76nWhC06nYgEA==

Anti-Vaccine, Religious Frame

f10814410 Location:

Summary Statistics: Mean 0.32948929159802315; StDev 0.47022146942231624; Min. 0.0; Max. 1.0; Valid 1214.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:U54EMmn7jwnMaewrtDkluQ==

Anti-Vaccine, Non-Religious Frame

f10814410 Location:

Summary Statistics: Max. 1.0; Min. 0.0; StDev 0.4601525083371116; Valid 1214.0; Mean 0.30395387149917624;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:ZjW25mtYrRS/lvhcDObIRg==

personsec_add_01_nosci3

f10814410 Location:

Summary Statistics: Min. 0.0; StDev 0.1811446402984476; Max. 1.0; Mean 0.44506147009229213; Valid 1193.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:55jSJF6Yvw4S4Xi1x6iiIQ==

Other Study-Related Materials

Label:

FOF_Table 1_ALL.inp

Text:

Mplus file for estimating Table 1 model for all panel respondents

Notes:

application/octet-stream

Other Study-Related Materials

Label:

FOF_Table 1_DEMS.inp

Text:

Mplus file for estimating Table 1 model for Democratic panel respondents

Notes:

application/octet-stream

Other Study-Related Materials

Label:

FOF_Table 1_REPS.inp

Text:

Mplus file for estimating Table 1 model for Republican panel respondents

Notes:

application/octet-stream

Other Study-Related Materials

Label:

FOF_Table A3_interactions.inp

Text:

Mplus file for estimating Table A3 model for all panel respondents

Notes:

application/octet-stream

Other Study-Related Materials

Label:

Fuel on the Fire, Stata do file for panel data analysis.do

Text:

Stata do file for converting the 2017-2021 SAS panel data into CSV files for Mplus estimation

Notes:

application/x-stata-syntax

Other Study-Related Materials

Label:

Fuel on the Fire, STATA do files for experiments.do

Text:

Stata do file for replicating estimates in Figures 1 and 2 and in Tables A4-A11

Notes:

application/x-stata-syntax

Other Study-Related Materials

Label:

Fuel on the Fire_replication data and code_readme.pdf

Text:

Instructions for replicating the findings in "Fuel on the Fire"

Notes:

application/pdf