Replication Data for: Citizens as a Democratic Safeguard? The Sequence of Sanctioning Elite Attacks on Democracy (doi:10.7910/DVN/XERHRF)

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Part 1: Document Description
Part 2: Study Description
Part 3: Data Files Description
Part 4: Variable Description
Part 5: Other Study-Related Materials
Entire Codebook

Replication Data for: Citizens as a Democratic Safeguard? The Sequence of Sanctioning Elite Attacks on Democracy

doi:10.7910/DVN/XERHRF

Harvard Dataverse

2023-11-27

1

Jacob, Marc S., 2023, "Replication Data for: Citizens as a Democratic Safeguard? The Sequence of Sanctioning Elite Attacks on Democracy", https://doi.org/10.7910/DVN/XERHRF, Harvard Dataverse, V1, UNF:6:iPM3Q2SAQGTIRz9ZYUSXfA== [fileUNF]

Replication Data for: Citizens as a Democratic Safeguard? The Sequence of Sanctioning Elite Attacks on Democracy

doi:10.7910/DVN/XERHRF

Jacob, Marc S. (ETH Zurich)

Jacob, Marc S.

Harvard Dataverse

Jacob, Marc S.

Jacob, Marc S.

2023-07-18

https://doi.org/10.7910/DVN/XERHRF

Social Sciences, Undemocratic elite behavior, Repeated elections, Experiments, Electoral institutions

In many elections worldwide, citizens support politicians who have undermined democracy while in office. Why? For citizens to safeguard democratic institutions, they must not only disapprove of a politician’s undemocratic conduct but also be willing to retract support from her at the next election. This paper examines under which conditions citizen evaluations of undemocratic elite conduct become consequential for behavioral actions and whether specific segments of the electorate, such as politically educated, liberal, anti-majoritarian, and moderate partisans, react more forcefully to such elite violations. Evidence from a survey experiment in Poland, closely following the sequence of presidential elections, reveals that citizens firmly dislike attacks on core electoral institutions, irrespective of whether they are committed by incumbent or oppositional co-partisans. However, neither the electorate’s nor any segment’s dissent translates into revised vote choices. The study has implications for why undemocratic elite behavior often remains unpunished and citizens rarely avert democratic backsliding.

Poland

This dataset underwent an independent verification process that replicated the tables and figures in the primary article. For the supplementary materials, verification was performed solely for the successful execution of code. The verification process was carried out by the Odum Institute for Research in Social Science at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. <br></br> The associated article has been awarded Open Materials and Open Data Badges. Learn more about the Open Practice Badges from the <a href="https://osf.io/tvyxz/wiki/home/" target="_blank">Center for Open Science</a>.<br></br> <img src="https://odum.unc.edu/files/2020/03/OpenData_PR-1.png" alt="Open Data Badge" height="77" width="80"> <img src="https://odum.unc.edu/files/2020/03/OpenMaterials_PR-1.png" alt="Open Materials Badge" height="77" width="80">

Coppedge, Michael; Gerring, John; Knutsen, Carl Henrik; Lindberg, Staffan I.; Teorell, Jan; Altman, David et al. (2023): V-Dem [Country-Year/Country-Date] Dataset v13; https://v-dem.net/data/the-v-dem-dataset/country-year-v-dem-fullothers-v13/, accessed July 13th, 2023

The <i>American Journal of Political Science</i> and the Odum Institute for Research in Social Science are not responsible for the accuracy or quality of data uploaded within the <i>AJPS</i> Dataverse, for the use of those data, or for interpretations or conclusions based on their use.

Jacob, Marc S. [date]. “Citizens as a Democratic Safeguard? The Sequence of Sanctioning Elite Attacks on Democracy.”<i>American Journal of Political Science</i> Forthcoming. <a href="http://ajps.org/" target="_blank">http://ajps.org/</a>

Jacob, Marc S. [date]. “Citizens as a Democratic Safeguard? The Sequence of Sanctioning Elite Attacks on Democracy.”<i>American Journal of Political Science</i> Forthcoming. <a href="http://ajps.org/" target="_blank">http://ajps.org/</a>

• Number of cases: 2910

• No. of variables per record: 26

• Type of File: text/tab-separated-values

UNF:6:x9w8QEADZ3DYoE7Gccg/MQ==

• Number of cases: 2279

• No. of variables per record: 28

• Type of File: text/tab-separated-values

UNF:6:VLAIKL1rdAWfUZhdkC2eSg==

• Number of cases: 7417

• No. of variables per record: 5

• Type of File: text/tab-separated-values

UNF:6:1JM2SWkMm8NY8S73RtO6cg==

• ID - ID
• Q14 - Q14
• Q18 - Q18
• Q15 - Q15
• Q16 - Q16
• Q13_1 - Q13_1
• Q13_2 - Q13_2
• Q17_1 - Q17_1
• Q17_2 - Q17_2
• Q119 - Q119
• Q102_1 - Q102_1
• Q102_2 - Q102_2
• Q102_3 - Q102_3
• Q102_15 - Q102_15
• Q102_16 - Q102_16
• Q102_18 - Q102_18
• Q105_1 - Q105_1
• Q105_2 - Q105_2
• income_PL - income_PL
• Q106 - Q106
• Q111 - Q111
• vote_game_2_DO_text_3 - vote_game_2_DO_text_3
• vote_game_2_DO_text_4 - vote_game_2_DO_text_4
• vote_game_2_DO_text_5 - vote_game_2_DO_text_5
• vote_game_2_DO_text_6 - vote_game_2_DO_text_6
• age_group - age_group
• ID - ID
• choice_pre - choice_pre
• choice_post - choice_post
• approval - approval
• democratic - democratic
• knowledge - knowledge
• L1 - L1
• L2 - L2
• L3 - L3
• M1 - M1
• M2 - M2
• M3 - M3
• monthly_income - monthly_income
• left_right - left_right
• important_democracy - important_democracy
• age_group - age_group
• behavior - behavior
• scenario - scenario
• copartisan_support_pre - copartisan_support_pre
• copartisan_support_post - copartisan_support_post
• outpartisan_support_pre - outpartisan_support_pre
• outpartisan_support_post - outpartisan_support_post
• copartisan_shift - copartisan_shift
• outpartisan_shift - outpartisan_shift
• switch_outpartisan - switch_outpartisan
• switch_abstain - switch_abstain
• inparty_strength - inparty_strength
• outparty_strength - outparty_strength
• country_name - country_name
• year - year
• v2x_regime - v2x_regime
• v2elaccept_ord - v2elaccept_ord
• v2elembaut_ord - v2elembaut_ord

f7523191 Location:

Summary Statistics: Max. 2910.0; Min. 1.0; StDev 840.1889668401984; Mean 1455.5; Valid 2910.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:30ZCqDDij8cpYe3N5fNgFg==

f7523191 Location:

Summary Statistics: Min. 1.0; Mean 1.900687285223366; StDev 0.723399271370742; Valid 2910.0; Max. 3.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:jBdm5xlFRDMylYMs5EUKWw==

f7523191 Location:

Summary Statistics: Valid 2279.0; Mean 1.6888986397542773; StDev 0.5875609678584435; Min. 1.0; Max. 3.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:0wUSbRB4P2GcB8gY5pPfQQ==

f7523191 Location:

Summary Statistics: Valid 2279.0; Mean 4.170688898639755; StDev 1.5491086137245136; Max. 7.0; Min. 1.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:NEVL1IAjP1AUGP80bIZg3A==

f7523191 Location:

Summary Statistics: Valid 2279.0; Max. 7.0; Mean 4.128565160157964; Min. 1.0; StDev 1.538406528837275

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:8gfoUY3sDRWOH7AskdzdlA==

f7523191 Location:

Summary Statistics: Mean 4.574226804123706; Valid 2910.0; Max. 7.0; Min. 1.0; StDev 2.3582150181034582;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:rb3e0N1NiA2yw64nMMwpog==

f7523191 Location:

Summary Statistics: Mean 3.6240549828178668; Min. 1.0; Valid 2910.0; Max. 7.0; StDev 2.22448607829951;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:Prs4L6Hv/Ji2T9Rd4z9Qmw==

f7523191 Location:

Summary Statistics: Min. 1.0; Max. 7.0; Valid 2279.0; Mean 4.468187801667398; StDev 2.4436982091695154;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:w0X6+UXtAKnOfAF4S5gvhQ==

f7523191 Location:

Summary Statistics: Mean 3.4234313295304934; Max. 7.0; Min. 1.0; Valid 2279.0; StDev 2.2380684289811184

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:5Ekju785AkLcqITcpSQxEw==

f7523191 Location:

Summary Statistics: Min. 1.0; Max. 4.0; Mean 1.7738831615120252; Valid 2910.0; StDev 1.1856271024579488;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:Wfx4qYgbQKvLu8A5EUfvlQ==

f7523191 Location:

Summary Statistics: Max. 7.0; Mean 5.541580756013743; Valid 2910.0; Min. 1.0; StDev 1.4765811049675104

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:FRysK0mc/YV1tKHD5lQQ3A==

f7523191 Location:

Summary Statistics: StDev 1.580592923654337; Valid 2910.0; Mean 5.2213058419244005; Max. 7.0; Min. 1.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:FHcA0E2R/zFFn/ZEnlpreQ==

f7523191 Location:

Summary Statistics: Mean 5.610996563573886; Valid 2910.0; Min. 1.0; StDev 1.6428902532770207; Max. 7.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:1NPUkmuYaCEoWnzIESnujQ==

f7523191 Location:

Summary Statistics: Max. 7.0; StDev 1.5193639042435814; Mean 4.4127147766323045; Min. 1.0; Valid 2910.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:YygaLebwURKPXfhqeb2w8g==

f7523191 Location:

Summary Statistics: Max. 7.0; Valid 2910.0; Mean 4.559793814432989; StDev 1.5593116078484053; Min. 1.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:uoB78F7qxjIYlEY9HuciSQ==

f7523191 Location:

Summary Statistics: Min. 1.0; Max. 7.0; Mean 4.078006872852233; StDev 1.6177611264254566; Valid 2910.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:7HGG/od/CZQoWPmKVVUqVg==

f7523191 Location:

Summary Statistics: Valid 2910.0; Max. 7.0; StDev 2.0434398695706846; Mean 2.947422680412372; Min. 1.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:OTpU2Otgg6ZifLxs2sxsJg==

f7523191 Location:

Summary Statistics: Min. 1.0; Max. 7.0; StDev 1.7295024422365048; Mean 3.569759450171821; Valid 2910.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:LWNQkYTOZxrIu4PRZMF9Dw==

f7523191 Location:

Summary Statistics: StDev 1.9712442722232655; Min. 1.0; Valid 2910.0; Max. 8.0; Mean 4.113058419243988

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:k2qVjXjojGcPQTa9Hae0RA==

f7523191 Location:

Summary Statistics: Mean 4.0914089347079035; Max. 7.0; Valid 2910.0; Min. 1.0; StDev 1.2549914399677942

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:bCe3rSG2m2g9PpJAmZUshA==

f7523191 Location:

Summary Statistics: Max. 7.0; Valid 2910.0; Mean 5.608591065292092; Min. 1.0; StDev 1.3350891814801151

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:VjG+g03e0tjis91GGv9Osg==

f7523191 Location:

Summary Statistics: Min. 2.0; Mean 2.0; StDev 0.0; Max. 2.0; Valid 563.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:8EPXjtJDwGizcwwJxTvKfA==

f7523191 Location:

Summary Statistics: Max. 2.0; StDev 0.0; Mean 2.0; Valid 576.0; Min. 2.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:2dS+CWszjgbFwn88okn8dw==

f7523191 Location:

Summary Statistics: StDev 0.0; Mean 2.0; Valid 574.0; Min. 2.0; Max. 2.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:j+CwORAOoPfrGTSo/j+Iew==

f7523191 Location:

Summary Statistics: Mean 2.0; Min. 2.0; Max. 2.0; StDev 0.0; Valid 566.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:88YuYgVZTCE76Ks0IzArcQ==

f7523191 Location:

Summary Statistics: Max. 5.0; Valid 2910.0; StDev 1.3777698121795376; Min. 1.0; Mean 3.3835051546391712

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:J9aNWvbGWUKca1S9ydxOFg==

f7523190 Location:

Summary Statistics: Max. 2910.0; StDev 838.6889840613812; Valid 2279.0; Mean 1373.96314172886; Min. 2.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:5ujPGPSDn5vW6jrIacQYjA==

f7523190 Location:

Variable Format: character

Notes: UNF:6:flBp1jvtbRJkt7m+qGyo9Q==

f7523190 Location:

Variable Format: character

Notes: UNF:6:LKDPAmH5WBKEedK+NVqcjQ==

f7523190 Location:

Summary Statistics: Mean 4.170688898639755; Min. 1.0; Valid 2279.0; StDev 1.5491086137245136; Max. 7.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:6pMIJkhOqkO41ub1zqZWxQ==

f7523190 Location:

Summary Statistics: StDev 1.538406528837275; Max. 7.0; Valid 2279.0; Min. 1.0; Mean 4.128565160157964

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:jQLN4PTBJhQ5kmQNgJCk+Q==

f7523190 Location:

Variable Format: character

Notes: UNF:6:nJ1Vcjv3Fgw+x6vdp1yZXA==

f7523190 Location:

Summary Statistics: Max. 7.0; Valid 2279.0; Min. 1.0; StDev 1.4055296965389958; Mean 5.693725318121984;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:Up5b6pOhZr3ol3HudOI3gw==

f7523190 Location:

Summary Statistics: Min. 1.0; Max. 7.0; Mean 5.329969284774024; Valid 2279.0; StDev 1.5521181395067432

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:WBicl4OHBULLjJe2SbX23g==

f7523190 Location:

Summary Statistics: StDev 1.63398537592701; Valid 2279.0; Mean 5.689337428696796; Max. 7.0; Min. 1.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:cLzWgOXTtMdcy66Y1PuncQ==

f7523190 Location:

Summary Statistics: Min. 1.0; Max. 7.0; StDev 1.546611790816999; Mean 4.42518648530057; Valid 2279.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:CuEISPAZDYCf9RhN/5euGQ==

f7523190 Location:

Summary Statistics: Min. 1.0; Mean 4.569109258446687; Max. 7.0; Valid 2279.0; StDev 1.5869398511657677;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:xreCu/RrQ3RT2RWkfsCBcQ==

f7523190 Location:

Summary Statistics: Valid 2279.0; StDev 1.6506534051778308; Max. 7.0; Min. 1.0; Mean 4.103115401491882

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:/JAtHDX9uHE0rwboQW70yw==

f7523190 Location:

Summary Statistics: StDev 1.4970198330076092; Max. 6.0; Min. 1.0; Valid 2027.0; Mean 3.6512086827824364;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:fKjPXulC2LpFxXPy5ozUFQ==

f7523190 Location:

Summary Statistics: Mean 4.071083808688021; Min. 1.0; Max. 7.0; Valid 2279.0; StDev 1.3034842924635062;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:ys3kUmzocaewW41acP9e3A==

f7523190 Location:

Summary Statistics: Min. 1.0; StDev 1.267379454383788; Max. 7.0; Mean 5.730144800351032; Valid 2279.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:eAQPk8S4ujDlmyY6RBFF6g==

f7523190 Location:

Summary Statistics: Valid 2279.0; Min. 1.0; Mean 3.4642387011847307; Max. 5.0; StDev 1.372122330604418;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:trTaQ51cNvXv4h7ypEMa/Q==

f7523190 Location:

Variable Format: character

Notes: UNF:6:/qf5Y7amcGsfallpdUFt7g==

f7523190 Location:

Variable Format: character

Notes: UNF:6:QWFbRnQe3oBydNjAFOPOKQ==

f7523190 Location:

Summary Statistics: Valid 2279.0; Mean 6.067573497147871; Max. 7.0; StDev 1.2767925273070606; Min. 1.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:QJzdtneAsbYfsEFrRersFg==

f7523190 Location:

Summary Statistics: Min. 1.0; StDev 1.4231120450049481; Max. 7.0; Mean 5.894251864853008; Valid 2279.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:Jln45RH3OYJGRfid7wsSAQ==

f7523190 Location:

Summary Statistics: Mean 2.171566476524794; StDev 1.6592938706307327; Min. 1.0; Max. 7.0; Valid 2279.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:XenETrU8SLq1lL2Srp3pCQ==

f7523190 Location:

Summary Statistics: StDev 1.6512831956711336; Valid 2279.0; Mean 2.2141290039491035; Min. 1.0; Max. 7.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:G5pRZK5+r+J99LEOkeGtfw==

f7523190 Location:

Summary Statistics: StDev 1.1640160029635394; Max. 6.0; Min. -6.0; Valid 2279.0; Mean -0.1733216322948667;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:l8G9FqP20h+lFs5xh5f3XQ==

f7523190 Location:

Summary Statistics: Max. 6.0; Mean 0.04256252742430894; Min. -6.0; StDev 1.2055751808207584; Valid 2279.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:1ao6VFVVem5Ure5UujCd+g==

f7523190 Location:

Summary Statistics: Max. 1.0; StDev 0.1749517908285838; Min. 0.0; Valid 2279.0; Mean 0.03159280386134245

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:pqfMVlC50WSFgKbWz0Xriw==

f7523190 Location:

Summary Statistics: Mean 0.06537955243527889; Max. 1.0; StDev 0.24724864116158846; Min. 0.0; Valid 2279.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:u00dTSeudd/c1XP8sr2n4g==

f7523190 Location:

Summary Statistics: Mean 4.9289161913119806; Valid 2279.0; StDev 1.3478569506897362; Max. 7.0; Min. 1.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:xhs5gekHfYfB5Hlo0ar7cA==

f7523190 Location:

Summary Statistics: Min. 1.0; StDev 1.2859247718496642; Mean 1.860903905221587; Max. 7.0; Valid 2279.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:nv4H2G3VphziJF7JXLzjBg==

f7523194 Location:

Variable Format: character

Notes: UNF:6:QfRQMOntXmTYEDUsdSgpkQ==

f7523194 Location:

Summary Statistics: StDev 12.282402231490503; Max. 2022.0; Mean 2001.5224484292842; Valid 7417.0; Min. 1980.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:GfIEKwABl0DYeC+tKXanhw==

f7523194 Location:

Summary Statistics: StDev 1.0625537849706712; Mean 1.4106540795684461; Max. 3.0; Valid 7415.0; Min. 0.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:iJv6dI75FCljlXXVFHD1nw==

f7523194 Location:

Summary Statistics: Mean 3.1112643678160876; Valid 6525.0; Max. 4.0; Min. 0.0; StDev 1.151147833647709;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:/wOIvSFGlw10W2O3xInhWg==

f7523194 Location:

Summary Statistics: StDev 1.538585346296029; Max. 4.0; Mean 1.9602272727272825; Min. 0.0; Valid 7392.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:LzYslJN5LYHRtkRufN06iw==

Label:

00_function.R

type/x-r-syntax

Label:

01_recoding.R

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02_results_manuscript.R

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03_results_appendix.R

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2023_jacob_citizens_dataverse.Rproj

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codebook.pdf

application/pdf

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README.txt

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