Replication Data for: Wolves in Sheep’s Clothing: Assessing the Effect of Gender Norms on the Lethality of Female Suicide Terrorism (doi:10.7910/DVN/YQ40LH)

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Part 2: Study Description
Part 3: Data Files Description
Part 4: Variable Description
Part 5: Other Study-Related Materials
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Replication Data for: Wolves in Sheep’s Clothing: Assessing the Effect of Gender Norms on the Lethality of Female Suicide Terrorism

doi:10.7910/DVN/YQ40LH

Harvard Dataverse

2020-11-07

4

Thomas, Jakana L, 2020, "Replication Data for: Wolves in Sheep’s Clothing: Assessing the Effect of Gender Norms on the Lethality of Female Suicide Terrorism", https://doi.org/10.7910/DVN/YQ40LH, Harvard Dataverse, V4, UNF:6:m3naN7ljpcgfdOAsw85Pnw== [fileUNF]

Replication Data for: Wolves in Sheep’s Clothing: Assessing the Effect of Gender Norms on the Lethality of Female Suicide Terrorism

doi:10.7910/DVN/YQ40LH

Thomas, Jakana L (Michigan State University)

Harvard Dataverse

Thomas, Jakana L

Thomas, Jakana L

2020-11-05

https://doi.org/10.7910/DVN/YQ40LH

Social Sciences

Replication files for: Jakana L. Thomas. "Wolves in Sheep’s Clothing: Assessing the Effect of Gender Norms on the Lethality of Female Suicide Terrorism" Although a substantial body of research argues that women provide terrorist organizations with important tactical benefits, few studies draw out the implications of this argument or examine whether female recruits affect the outcomes of terrorist operations. Using data on individual suicide attacks from 1985-2015, I show that an attacker's gender influences the lethality of an attack. This effect is conditional upon the gender norms of the state in which the attack occurs, however. The results demonstrate that a female advantage is only more apparent in societies where a woman's role in public life is limited; attacks by female suicide attackers are more deadly in countries where women are largely absent from the workforce, civil society and protest organizations. This article also assesses whether counterterrorists eventually adapt to the use of female suicide terrorists. The results demonstrate that female attack lethality is declining with time, suggesting that security forces eventually adapt to women's participation in terrorism. These findings are consequential because they highlight the effect of persistent gender biases on counterterrorism efforts.

<a href="http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0">CC0 1.0</a>

• Number of cases: 2410

• No. of variables per record: 27

• Type of File: text/tab-separated-values

UNF:6:Xsrd2z1pszcwFCFBBBlB8A==

• Number of cases: 2442

• No. of variables per record: 46

• Type of File: text/tab-separated-values

UNF:6:XbAFM17TxnaKfsl12etxSQ==

• timesincefirstwoman - Time Since First Female Attacker
• country - location_names
• cowcode
• year - year of attack
• month - month of attack
• campaign_name - campaign_name
• campaign_number
• attack_id - attack_id
• attack_date - attack_date
• number_killed - number_killed
• female0_1 - Female Attacker(s)
• ratiooffemaletomalelaborforcepar - Women's Labor Force Participation
• nonvprotgovt_cat -  Number of Anti-state Women's Protests
• v2x_gencs - Women's Civil Society Participation
• numwoundmonth_lag - Number Wounded (t-1)
• lnbd - ln(Battle Deaths)
• number_terrorists_year - Number Terrorist Groups in Country (year)
• numkillmonth_lag - Number Killed (t-1)
• religion_impt - Religion Importance
• many_attackers_cat - Many Attackers
• weapon0_1 - Weapon
• assassination0_1 - Assassination
• political - Political Target
• security - Security Target
• t1
• t2
• t3
• attack_id - attack_id
• cowcode
• campaign_number - campaign number
• campaign_name - campaign_name
• country - location_names
• month - Attack month
• year - Attack year
• groupname1 - groupname1
• number_killed - number_killed
• female0_1 - Female Attacker(s)
• v2x_gencs - Women's Civil Society Participation
• nonvprotgovt_cat -  Number of Anti-state Women's Protests
• ratiooffemaletomalelaborforcepar - Women's Labor Force Participation
• numwoundmonth_lag - Number Wounded (t-1)
• lnbd - ln(Battle Deaths)
• number_terrorists_year - Number Terrorist Groups in Country (year)
• numkillmonth_lag - Number Killed (t-1)
• religion_impt - Religion Importance
• many_attackers_cat - Many Attackers
• weapon0_1 - Weapon
• assassination0_1 - Assassination
• political - Political Target
• security - Security Target
• t1
• t2
• t3
• timesincefirstwoman - Time Since First Female Attacker
• mixed_gender0_1 - Male and Female Attacker
• civilian - Civilian target
• nonvprotgovt - # Women's NGO Protests
• attack_date - attack_date
• _911 - 9/11 terror attack
• outliercampaign - High Lethality Campaign
• targettype0_1 - target type
• africa
• middleeast
• asia
• europe
• ny_gdp_mktp_kd - GDP (constant 2010 US$)
• democ - democracy
• leftist - leftist terrorist organization
• religious - religious terrorist organization
• ethnic_separatist - ethnic_separatist terrorist organization
• group_strength
• VBIED - vehicle borne IED
• bodybomb - Body Bomb

f4179134 Location:

Summary Statistics: Valid 2290.0; Min. 0.0; Max. 30.0; StDev 3.5931506241267632; Mean 2.8222707423581763;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:GXQ4kv1/RNg9s5cUleWf1A==

f4179134 Location:

Variable Format: character

Notes: UNF:6:0VMK4FQOtfnF01xSBlAGnw==

f4179134 Location:

Summary Statistics: Valid 2410.0; StDev 99.1267115318586; Max. 1020.0; Mean 671.4008298755191; Min. 200.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:25Q9pM5Szu269fg7XHDmPw==

f4179134 Location:

Variable Format: character

Notes: UNF:6:AbmO5+FDdOBf9tvvvwbZgQ==

f4179134 Location:

Summary Statistics: Min. 1.0; StDev 3.388689516239433; Max. 12.0; Mean 6.683817427385894; Valid 2410.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:a6JmuY43oPAikrek1LQm1Q==

f4179134 Location:

Variable Format: character

Notes: UNF:6:sjd/oTa3VDXbXHtH4SZgSA==

f4179134 Location:

Summary Statistics: Valid 2410.0; StDev 7.372909367973091; Max. 28.0; Min. 1.0; Mean 10.59502074688794;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:NDLCIOltgkISaj5sl0E2ug==

f4179134 Location:

Summary Statistics: Max. 2.139593496E9; StDev 1.2260801537403667E9; Valid 2410.0; Min. -2.143771747E9; Mean 1.78061364773029E8

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:0+sj3b6OzytB1C5f0AA+5A==

f4179134 Location:

Summary Statistics: Max. 20451.0; Mean 17816.315352697115; Valid 2410.0; Min. 9167.0; StDev 1750.041209540525;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:Pu3zBsnyXBViNNcB5Yf03w==

f4179134 Location:

Summary Statistics: StDev 15.12950720923002; Mean 8.877593360995835; Min. 0.0; Valid 2410.0; Max. 213.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:i7I6mvNA/VhxSfpceY68vQ==

f4179134 Location:

Summary Statistics: Max. 1.0; Min. 0.0; Mean 0.08838174273858852; StDev 0.2839081821160268; Valid 2410.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:ngziIPLswq2E39WoosUpiw==

f4179134 Location:

Summary Statistics: Max. 96.80577971485131; Min. 8.916965871662127; StDev 20.955642139706562; Mean 30.71203361729815; Valid 2384.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:KNObIPWDQvGiCfKLNJ9atg==

f4179134 Location:

Summary Statistics: Max. 4.0; StDev 1.5668230773072316; Valid 2410.0; Min. 0.0; Mean 1.5721991701244813

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:4YFTDgkRKHRtvoTyBnz5uQ==

f4179134 Location:

Summary Statistics: StDev 0.15853801590438646; Mean 0.5007941785430646; Max. 0.9372227491822178; Min. 0.20660825302055635; Valid 2410.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:0n7oDU6xduO7CaRFOEnOfA==

f4179134 Location:

Summary Statistics: Max. 722.0; Valid 2410.0; Mean 100.38921161825735; Min. 0.0; StDev 121.90203029242564;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:IUeGjsTytFr/CwbOsgWClA==

f4179134 Location:

Summary Statistics: StDev 2.2213938035456167; Valid 2410.0; Min. 0.0; Max. 11.143165588378906; Mean 7.522267642753246

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:KEApPWANMzJZdkTgMo1eGw==

f4179134 Location:

Summary Statistics: Valid 2405.0; Mean 9.708523908523937; Min. 1.0; StDev 6.113481571908482; Max. 40.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:VMRgOCCqd5MV1/b/YKA2qw==

f4179134 Location:

Summary Statistics: StDev 51.95429105413248; Max. 300.0; Mean 41.881742738589516; Valid 2410.0; Min. 0.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:tusxIfn7KGSLK3rzBRCJlA==

f4179134 Location:

Summary Statistics: Max. 99.0; Min. 14.0; StDev 16.310808277418985; Valid 2410.0; Mean 85.59027662475071

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:WcZRVmY2DZXX2Jy/9zg2eA==

f4179134 Location:

Summary Statistics: StDev 0.1315985664033058; Min. 0.0; Mean 1.0107883817427386; Max. 3.0; Valid 2410.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:K9gkqf0b4h4U5xjqOPpMNg==

f4179134 Location:

Summary Statistics: Min. 2.0; Valid 2403.0; Mean 5.460258010819809; StDev 1.5978955039819702; Max. 14.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:5PN+ktok1u4ZyYLVOjX9eA==

f4179134 Location:

Summary Statistics: StDev 0.3088460573792229; Min. 0.0; Max. 1.0; Mean 0.10673922143156152; Valid 2389.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:GMYrJ2pRY1HP6ZlFUNM4qg==

f4179134 Location:

Summary Statistics: Min. 0.0; Mean 0.1291666666666667; Max. 1.0; StDev 0.33545420878485044; Valid 2400.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:VQMIENJUYzGj2KTAEAcQtQ==

f4179134 Location:

Summary Statistics: Max. 1.0; Valid 2400.0; StDev 0.47478284601322845; Mean 0.6570833333333338; Min. 0.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:ho/szfgmV78OwbOjGQQznw==

f4179134 Location:

Summary Statistics: Min. 1.0; Valid 2410.0; Max. 371.0; StDev 57.498236056479804; Mean 284.88049792531143

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:OWuLuJMM8Wax/vbFrto/dA==

f4179134 Location:

Summary Statistics: Valid 2410.0; StDev 28949.91649891421; Min. 1.0; Mean 84461.5734439837; Max. 137641.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:gcQyXbzNchPhSBsNMXLtcQ==

f4179134 Location:

Summary Statistics: Mean 2.5673077143153474E7; Valid 2410.0; Min. 1.0; Max. 5.1064812E7; StDev 1.2370787112197304E7

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:RPB7bYGvD4gQKUp8gKbG9Q==

f4179131 Location:

Summary Statistics: Max. 2.139593496E9; Mean 1.8206100266134346E8; Min. -2.143771747E9; Valid 2442.0; StDev 1.2262109682809796E9

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:jmnqTSFd3SLzP7lMtrX/hQ==

f4179131 Location:

Summary Statistics: Mean 669.4643734643734; Max. 1020.0; StDev 103.97479329391422; Valid 2442.0; Min. 2.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:3rfVPJwMwSGoW38tSJMOUw==

f4179131 Location:

Summary Statistics: Max. 28.0; Valid 2442.0; StDev 7.3322148884094736; Mean 10.60114660114663; Min. 1.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:D1mBdH7F5xqcnWubdnJclQ==

f4179131 Location:

Variable Format: character

Notes: UNF:6:ZsCmuLNgHOFY3RBpJNGVpg==

f4179131 Location:

Variable Format: character

Notes: UNF:6:aPJTaaxDn0JQsC43+4vxJw==

f4179131 Location:

Summary Statistics: Mean 6.674037674037672; Valid 2442.0; Min. 1.0; StDev 3.3914690422978127; Max. 12.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:3vlXZBRCIwQ4qZJ1XBU+LA==

f4179131 Location:

Variable Format: character

Notes: UNF:6:NO8e+yxCQj00MrBOLQNQsg==

f4179131 Location:

Variable Format: character

Notes: UNF:6:em0Cxxt2cbmXGhT9EC/QQw==

f4179131 Location:

Summary Statistics: Mean 10.065110565110581; Max. 2753.0; Valid 2442.0; StDev 57.66705297960768; Min. 0.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:DrqZdZTIfZP/sJJ6aIOCqg==

f4179131 Location:

Summary Statistics: StDev 0.2828184647455499; Min. 0.0; Mean 0.08763308763308818; Max. 1.0; Valid 2442.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:rELcxsxDjwLEz0HFfRuU3w==

f4179131 Location:

Summary Statistics: StDev 0.16027636011106655; Min. 0.15434607987489746; Max. 0.951385615214036; Valid 2442.0; Mean 0.5027298969897706

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:UBuptK8zIhEe4iQRk0+rGQ==

f4179131 Location:

Summary Statistics: Mean 1.5765765765765758; Valid 2442.0; StDev 1.5696554338921598; Max. 4.0; Min. 0.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:6UGISxSSII0AUJEaDN3kkw==

f4179131 Location:

Summary Statistics: Min. 8.916965871662127; StDev 21.23367788529353; Mean 31.078081842551942; Valid 2414.0; Max. 96.80577971485131

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:sBopSDMwxA9rPo0edhGDjQ==

f4179131 Location:

Summary Statistics: Mean 99.136363636364; Max. 722.0; Min. 0.0; Valid 2442.0; StDev 121.6140691162372

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:926ZndNv8j+hd0C/VoWMew==

f4179131 Location:

Summary Statistics: StDev 2.3110423032949994; Min. 0.0; Mean 7.452078448857189; Valid 2442.0; Max. 11.143165588378906

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:+SeRyq6wB5qodfIWaUjoeg==

f4179131 Location:

Summary Statistics: Mean 9.639094650205738; StDev 6.123421348495508; Max. 40.0; Valid 2430.0; Min. 1.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:tObT0jQYR7S5bd9wxzL8Ag==

f4179131 Location:

Summary Statistics: Mean 41.34684684684703; StDev 51.8245125265604; Valid 2442.0; Max. 300.0; Min. 0.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:uHVNjwhpcV0phESvoSKpqA==

f4179131 Location:

Summary Statistics: Valid 2442.0; Mean 85.32638547461505; StDev 16.704952870515573; Max. 99.0; Min. 12.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:T/Ooi8c1IQtaE+IMGWzG/g==

f4179131 Location:

Summary Statistics: Valid 2442.0; Min. 0.0; Mean 1.0094185094185095; StDev 0.13544859886542243; Max. 3.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:5EohJyJ7A2Sl2eP3mEmkvg==

f4179131 Location:

Summary Statistics: Valid 2435.0; Min. 1.0; Max. 14.0; Mean 5.450513347022587; StDev 1.6107163283819128

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:s/ON7TjwxdUVfHgjFTmxbw==

f4179131 Location:

Summary Statistics: Mean 0.10656753407682801; Valid 2421.0; Min. 0.0; StDev 0.30862637298609763; Max. 1.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:V1400jSGfKSxr2QwjQ2kwA==

f4179131 Location:

Summary Statistics: Mean 0.13116776315789463; Valid 2432.0; Max. 1.0; Min. 0.0; StDev 0.33765316530147244

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:5+oqtqmSVdYcA8uFLafgtw==

f4179131 Location:

Summary Statistics: Valid 2432.0; StDev 0.4767822050241927; Mean 0.6509046052631582; Max. 1.0; Min. 0.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:WPJ5cS2K03xv/K5991E1IQ==

f4179131 Location:

Summary Statistics: Valid 2442.0; StDev 58.16224796567108; Max. 371.0; Mean 284.3914823914827; Min. 1.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:mPXbK4Nsg3q/pIjO5UuVmg==

f4179131 Location:

Summary Statistics: Valid 2442.0; Max. 137641.0; StDev 29121.234326138885; Mean 84259.97706797697; Min. 1.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:FXvRlIdJlhtDOp+Vj/tD4Q==

f4179131 Location:

Summary Statistics: Min. 1.0; StDev 1.2415623399769712E7; Mean 2.56013812768224E7; Max. 5.1064812E7; Valid 2442.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:Ek3fsZtaSXSFUVoToTp+zg==

f4179131 Location:

Summary Statistics: StDev 3.6261198286886427; Max. 30.0; Valid 2300.0; Mean 2.843913043478346; Min. 0.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:CAqmAAzqsBS3ZN5pRYx09A==

f4179131 Location:

Summary Statistics: Max. 1.0; StDev 0.09450663585336597; Valid 2442.0; Mean 0.009009009009008964; Min. 0.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:BP2AzCKbDLMv2rmYEEzOUA==

f4179131 Location:

Summary Statistics: Max. 1.0; Min. 0.0; StDev 0.4106555251507905; Valid 2432.0; Mean 0.21463815789473667;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:Xagi7CQ1rnCcL7JVJJMuDg==

f4179131 Location:

Summary Statistics: Min. 0.0; Max. 12.0; Mean 1.0744138634046914; Valid 1962.0; StDev 1.4678494949059318

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:YBe6W7L+jU5efXcDEbyx7A==

f4179131 Location:

Summary Statistics: Valid 2442.0; Mean 17801.40171990173; Min. 9167.0; Max. 20451.0; StDev 1770.2454361194975

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:d6irFX5GlrfITrqOqGYwPQ==

f4179131 Location:

Summary Statistics: Min. 0.0; Valid 2442.0; StDev 0.03503562005736252; Max. 1.0; Mean 0.00122850122850127

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:U0nQiUOMTGg3cd93yMLTqg==

f4179131 Location:

Summary Statistics: Min. 0.0; StDev 0.11374355320368047; Valid 2442.0; Max. 1.0; Mean 0.013104013104013488

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:aVucJwPQ06rEaNUMpwezEA==

f4179131 Location:

Summary Statistics: Mean 2.442845394736843; StDev 0.8263591225187565; Max. 4.0; Valid 2432.0; Min. 1.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:m1Q35Ir8wgIlkYbaMdFIHw==

f4179131 Location:

Summary Statistics: Max. 1.0; Valid 2442.0; Min. 0.0; Mean 0.07452907452907453; StDev 0.26268374185049037

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:CAhkoAOzyuNMk5Dq3qsHMg==

f4179131 Location:

Summary Statistics: StDev 0.49902781248322575; Mean 0.46723996723996536; Min. 0.0; Max. 1.0; Valid 2442.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:1aPl+suOqvav/LinPk3o9g==

f4179131 Location:

Summary Statistics: StDev 0.49426573509784894; Min. 0.0; Valid 2442.0; Mean 0.4238329238329274; Max. 1.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:sUiPDv2dmPet3rrCxecOng==

f4179131 Location:

Summary Statistics: StDev 0.16919351060240678; Max. 1.0; Min. 0.0; Mean 0.029484029484029957; Valid 2442.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:XvxjIvaqwj2WeMrzqXRO8w==

f4179131 Location:

Summary Statistics: Max. 1.4964372E13; Min. 1.37580935063202E9; Mean 2.044233961292773E11; StDev 6.943709962755975E11; Valid 2290.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:W8OIAyH1HDl5pUboPYXejA==

f4179131 Location:

Summary Statistics: Mean -31.462325962326066; Max. 10.0; Valid 2442.0; Min. -77.0; StDev 35.7795209986911;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:YGnWnuUR8/DO4PuW4zeOKw==

f4179131 Location:

Summary Statistics: Valid 2442.0; Mean 0.011056511056511153; Min. 0.0; Max. 1.0; StDev 0.10458845079611719;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:NhBfV6rKaZWzLrkw3X1IoA==

f4179131 Location:

Summary Statistics: Max. 1.0; Min. 0.0; Mean 0.8959167333867095; Valid 1249.0; StDev 0.3054908504812891;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:nJeeEW0/+pt0Mb+ovZzY8Q==

f4179131 Location:

Summary Statistics: Min. 0.0; Max. 1.0; Mean 0.20496397117694162; StDev 0.40383698890112335; Valid 1249.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:30m0xZ4mSwLuqEldkQmmkg==

f4179131 Location:

Summary Statistics: StDev 1.1046890787588086; Valid 929.0; Mean 4.09580193756728; Max. 5.0; Min. 1.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:D2P2xR3SGGbpGgKUXEd8pQ==

f4179131 Location:

Summary Statistics: Valid 2442.0; StDev 0.4997158188955526; Max. 1.0; Mean 0.5196560196560196; Min. 0.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:/9dgtjK26FAqPtIJxWiK5w==

f4179131 Location:

Summary Statistics: Valid 2442.0; Max. 1.0; Mean 0.43447993447993427; Min. 0.0; StDev 0.4957900557701442;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:9fu4sVD+JHvSQ/USkoMS+A==

Label:

J_Thomas_IO_replication_Appendix.do

application/x-stata-syntax

Label:

J_Thomas_IO_replication_files_2021.do

application/x-stata-syntax

Label:

Thomas_Appendix_lethality_female_suicide_terrorists_FINAL-1.pdf

application/pdf