Perceptions of Electoral Integrity, (PEI-8.0) (doi:10.7910/DVN/YSNYXD)

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Part 1: Document Description
Part 2: Study Description
Part 3: Data Files Description
Part 4: Variable Description
Part 5: Other Study-Related Materials
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Document Description

Citation

Title:

Perceptions of Electoral Integrity, (PEI-8.0)

Identification Number:

doi:10.7910/DVN/YSNYXD

Distributor:

Harvard Dataverse

Date of Distribution:

2022-05-18

Version:

1

Bibliographic Citation:

Garnett, Holly Ann; James, Toby S.; MacGregor, Madison, 2022, "Perceptions of Electoral Integrity, (PEI-8.0)", https://doi.org/10.7910/DVN/YSNYXD, Harvard Dataverse, V1, UNF:6:lINJ6KG6BcEwGIXz7tM4Yg== [fileUNF]

Study Description

Citation

Title:

Perceptions of Electoral Integrity, (PEI-8.0)

Identification Number:

doi:10.7910/DVN/YSNYXD

Authoring Entity:

Garnett, Holly Ann (Royal Military College. Department of Political Science and Economics)

James, Toby S. (University of East Anglia. School of Politics, Philosophy, Language and Communication Studies)

MacGregor, Madison (Electoral Integrity Project)

Other identifications and acknowledgements:

MacGregor, Madison

Producer:

Electoral Integrity Project

Date of Production:

2022

Software used in Production:

STATA

Grant Number:

890-2020-0006

Distributor:

Harvard Dataverse

Distributor:

Electoral Integrity Project

Access Authority:

Electoral Integrity Project

Depositor:

MacGregor, Madison

Date of Deposit:

2022-05-18

Date of Distribution:

2022-05-19

Series Name:

Perceptions of Electoral Integrity Index

Series Information:

The pilot study (PEI_1), first released in May 2013, covered 20 elections held from 1 July 2012 to 31 December 2012. The second release (PEI_2) was made publicly available in February 2014 and included all national elections held from 1 January to 31 December 2013. The midyear release (PEI_2.5) in August included all these earlier cases and expanded the comparison by adding elections occurring from 1 January 2014 to June 30, 2014. The third release of the dataset (PEI_3) included 2012 and 2013 cases and expanded the comparison by including all national elections held from January 1st to December 31st, 2014. In total PEI_3 included expert evaluations of 127 elections held in 107 countries. PEI_3.5 included the responses for 1,696 experts for 153 elections in 125 countries. PEI_4.0 gathered the opinion of 2,080 experts for 180 elections in 139 countries, which were updated in the mid-year release PEI_4.5 to 2,417 experts for 213 elections in 153 countries. PEI_5.0, released May 2017, included the assessment of 2,709 individual expert evaluations of 241 elections in 158 countries up until the end of 2016. The mid-year update, PEI_5.5, included 2,961 experts, 260 national elections, and 161 countries, covering until 30 June 2017. PEI_6.0, released in March 2018, included 3,253 experts, evaluating 285 national elections in 164 countries covering until 1 January 2018. The mid-year update, PEI_6.5, included 3,524 experts, 310 national elections, and 165 countries, covering until 30 June 2018. PEI_7.0, covers 3,821 experts evaluating 336 national elections in 166 countries, from 1 July 2012 to 31 December 2018 . The present data release adds to these results 730 experts evaluating 143 national elections in 115 countries, from February 3rd, 2019, to December 31st, 2021.

Holdings Information:

https://doi.org/10.7910/DVN/YSNYXD

Study Scope

Keywords:

Social Sciences, Elections, Perceptions of Electoral Integrity (PEI), Electoral Integrity Project, Electoral integrity, Electoral fraud, Voting behavior, Cross-national elections, Global, Comparative politics, Free and fair

Topic Classification:

Elections, Politics

Abstract:

This dataset by the Electoral Integrity Project evaluates the quality of elections held around the world. Based on a rolling survey collecting the views of election experts, this research provides independent and reliable evidence to compare whether countries meet international standards of electoral integrity. PEI-8.0 cumulative release covers 480 national parliamentary and presidential contests held worldwide in 169 countries from 1 July 2012 to 31 December 2021. For each contest, approximately 40 election experts receive an electronic invitation to fill the survey. The survey includes assessments from 4,591 election experts, with a mean response rate of 23%. The study collects 49 indicators to compare elections. These indicators are clustered to evaluate eleven stages in the electoral cycle as well as generating an overall summary Perception of Electoral Integrity (PEI) 100-point index and comparative ranking. The datasets are available for analysis at three levels: COUNTRY-level (169 observations); ELECTION-level (479 observations), and also EXPERT-level (4,590 observations). Each dataset can be downloaded in STATA, CSV, and EXCEL formats.

Time Period:

2012-07-1-2021-12-31

Date of Collection:

2012-07-1-2022-04-12

Country:

Albania, Argentina, Armenia, Benin, Bulgaria, Canada, Cape Verde, Chile, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Djibouti, Ecuador, Ethiopia, Gambia, Germany, Iceland, Iran, Islamic Republic of, Iraq, Israel, Japan, Kyrgyzstan, Mexico, Mongolia, Morocco, Netherlands, Nicaragua, Norway, Peru, Portugal, Qatar, Congo, Russian Federation, American Samoa, Sao Tome and Principe, Syrian Arab Republic, Tonga, Uganda, Uzbekistan, Viet Nam, Zambia

Unit of Analysis:

Expert survey - PEI asks experts to evaluate elections using 49 indicators, grouped into eleven categories reflecting the whole electoral cycle

Universe:

Experts - an expert is defined in this survey as a political scientist (or social scientist in a related discipline such as law, sociology, economics, anthropology, mathematics, or statistics) who has published on (or who has other demonstrated knowledge of) the electoral process in a particular country. Specifically, demonstrated knowledge is defined by the following criteria: (1) membership of a relevant research group, professional network, or organized section of such a group; (2) existing publications on electoral or other country-specific topics in books, academic journals, or conference papers; and/or (3) employment at a university or college as a teacher. Around forty experts per country were contacted for each election, including both domestic and international experts. The domestic/international distinction was made based on institutional affiliation, citizenship, and country of residence.

Kind of Data:

survey data

Methodology and Processing

Time Method:

Respondents are contacted approximately one month after the date of a national election in their country of expertise. In the case of elections with several rounds (e.g. presidential elections with a run-off round), experts are contacted one month after the final round of the election. Three reminders are sent, each a week apart. Respondents completed the online questionnaire lasting approximately 15 minutes.

Mode of Data Collection:

e-mail

Sources Statement

Cleaning Operations:

1. Missing responses were addressed through multiple imputation. The imputation process was conducted in the following manner using Stata 14 at the expert unit of analysis. All ‘Don't Know’s and ‘Not Applicable’s were replaced by missing values. The data were then imputed using multiple imputation and chained equations by section. The other variables in a section were thus used in the imputation equation along with five fully observed expert background characteristics (sex, agegroup, supported, lived, leftrightscale). Twenty imputed values were then created for each variable taking 200 iterations after a 10 model burn-in. These values were collapsed to their mean value. In an identical manner used to generate PEIIndexp, the values for the 49 substantive variables were summed and standardized into a 0-100 point scale. For more detail on the multiple imputation procedure see Royston, Patrick. 2004. “Multiple imputation of missing values.” Stata Journal 4: 227–241 and Stata Multiple-Imputation Reference Manual: Release 13. College Station, TX: Stata Press, 137-164. Data users wishing to choose an alternative method of addressing missing data can access the expert-level dataset where raw data (not imputed) is available for expert responses to individual questions. Data users interested in the raw scores only can access them in all datasets using the ‘PEIIndexp’ variable or any of the subdimension variables not ended with an ‘I’. This may be appropriate in cases of low or no responses, according to the data user’s needs and methodological decisions; 2. cases with fewer than 2 survey responses were dropped from the dataset for release 8.0 so that any index scores were not relying only on one expert

Response Rate:

Mean number of responses for each Elections - 2019 - 6,08; 2020 - 4,45; 2021 - 4,76

Data Access

Notes:

<a rel="license" href=http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/><img alt="Creative Commons Licence" style="border-width:0" src=https://i.creativecommons.org/l/by/4.0/88x31.png /></a><br />This work is licensed under a <a rel="license" href=http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/>Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License</a>.

Other Study Description Materials

Related Publications

Citation

Bibliographic Citation:

Garnett, Holly Ann, Toby S. James, and Madison MacGregor. 2022. Electoral Integrity Global Report, 2019-2021.

File Description--f6297541

File: PEI country-level data (PEI_8.0)-1.tab

  • Number of cases: 169

  • No. of variables per record: 202

  • Type of File: text/tab-separated-values

Notes:

UNF:6:iIQCv+uzXXjR/5jdhnKiSQ==

File Description--f6297545

File: PEI country-level data (PEI_8.0).tab

  • Number of cases: 169

  • No. of variables per record: 202

  • Type of File: text/tab-separated-values

Notes:

UNF:6:+UZ6MYxMJbDS4ZaXlsCisA==

File Description--f6297542

File: PEI election-level data (PEI_8.0)-1.tab

  • Number of cases: 479

  • No. of variables per record: 206

  • Type of File: text/tab-separated-values

Notes:

UNF:6:U4l9YBgdmHxxWVEoDTUXtg==

File Description--f6297547

File: PEI election-level data (PEI_8.0).tab

  • Number of cases: 479

  • No. of variables per record: 206

  • Type of File: text/tab-separated-values

Notes:

UNF:6:+nBEVHq6KqJyZc1fO7Rbqw==

File Description--f6297549

File: PEI expert-level data (PEI_8.0)-1.tab

  • Number of cases: 4590

  • No. of variables per record: 198

  • Type of File: text/tab-separated-values

Notes:

UNF:6:1oXmin8xbrYYo/xBnO4Zpw==

File Description--f6297543

File: PEI expert-level data (PEI_8.0).tab

  • Number of cases: 4590

  • No. of variables per record: 198

  • Type of File: text/tab-separated-values

Notes:

UNF:6:Sfnzg/z1YkmQA9DLNChMmw==

Variable Description

List of Variables:

Variables

Country name

f6297541 Location:

Variable Format: character

Notes: UNF:6:SzfFsyijrZA+ql47kz/uHg==

ISO country code

f6297541 Location:

Variable Format: character

Notes: UNF:6:OJneLOngpFfy4gx5QMOuyQ==

Survey year 2012

f6297541 Location:

Value

Label

Frequency

Text

1.

2012

20

0.

Rest

149

Summary Statistics: StDev 0.32397398571595554; Mean 0.11834319526627221; Max. 1.0; Min. 0.0; Valid 169.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:FjJ6ddHoJdFWJ1CiCyuDgg==

Survey year 2013

f6297541 Location:

Value

Label

Frequency

Text

1.

2013

51

0.

Rest

118

Summary Statistics: Max. 1.0; Valid 169.0; StDev 0.4603923498574557; Min. 0.0; Mean 0.30177514792899407

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:DzVMzgI/0QRXIObZPPtS3Q==

Survey year 2014

f6297541 Location:

Value

Label

Frequency

Text

0.

Rest

120

1.

2014

49

Summary Statistics: Mean 0.2899408284023669; Valid 169.0; Min. 0.0; StDev 0.4550830602384316; Max. 1.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:cCv1M3Y3ozPmtL0gc0j22g==

Survey year 2015

f6297541 Location:

Value

Label

Frequency

Text

0.

Rest

122

1.

2015

47

Summary Statistics: Min. 0.0; Mean 0.2781065088757397; Valid 169.0; StDev 0.4493977059489117; Max. 1.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:HKmpf28uTMj68Tu3d6ioiw==

Survey year 2016

f6297541 Location:

Value

Label

Frequency

Text

0.

Rest

112

1.

2016

57

Summary Statistics: Valid 169.0; StDev 0.4741856925360755; Max. 1.0; Min. 0.0; Mean 0.33727810650887574;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:jTjbzCgnvp5ifUUu4HHSWQ==

Survey year 2017

f6297541 Location:

Value

Label

Frequency

Text

1.

2017

41

0.

Rest

128

Summary Statistics: Max. 1.0; Min. 0.0; Valid 169.0; Mean 0.24260355029585803; StDev 0.42993115754201283;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:wt3nBc6DE681lWPOV52Euw==

Survey year 2018

f6297541 Location:

Value

Label

Frequency

Text

1.

2018

52

0.

Rest

117

Summary Statistics: Max. 1.0; Mean 0.30769230769230776; Valid 169.0; StDev 0.46291004988627543; Min. 0.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:aUN2TAXl7Y+pgdoQL6yVqQ==

Survey year 2019

f6297541 Location:

Value

Label

Frequency

Text

1.

2019

49

0.

Rest

120

Summary Statistics: StDev 0.45508306023843154; Mean 0.2899408284023669; Max. 1.0; Valid 169.0; Min. 0.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:yxd+CsYwFLbDRcgM59/73w==

Survey Year 2020

f6297541 Location:

Value

Label

Frequency

Text

1.

2020

46

0.

Rest

123

Summary Statistics: Mean 0.272189349112426; StDev 0.44640955158130957; Max. 1.0; Min. 0.0; Valid 169.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:yXhy1oD31kbONjSKVYAF6A==

Survey Year 2021

f6297541 Location:

Value

Label

Frequency

Text

1.

2021

40

0.

Rest

129

Summary Statistics: Valid 169.0; Mean 0.23668639053254445; Min. 0.0; StDev 0.4263113129949634; Max. 1.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:a1+mfHzRwHs6UEG/WOwAHg==

COUNTRYDATA

f6297541 Location:

Summary Statistics: Min. NaN; Valid 0.0; Mean NaN; Max. NaN; StDev NaN

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:5IeDRRz/+pCbLJLdsrTAaw==

Freedom House Political Rights Scale

f6297541 Location:

Summary Statistics: Valid 169.0; StDev 2.084724888613231; Max. 7.0; Min. 1.0; Mean 3.3670611437961178

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:Iqbu1I6UeQ6qY10o/OWTvQ==

Freedom House Civil Liberties Scale

f6297541 Location:

Summary Statistics: Mean 3.2928571411843826; Valid 169.0; StDev 1.787278546639505; Min. 1.0; Max. 7.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:DJ5DlXkmr9LgkOTxCZJ8Lw==

GDP per capita, PPP, current international $

f6297541 Location:

Summary Statistics: Min. 788.384033203125; Valid 167.0; StDev 18995.330420976985; Mean 18481.738993570492; Max. 94277.96875

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:npylvFhP1lvzAg+j8HPc0w==

Geographic region (UN classification)

f6297541 Location:

Value

Label

Frequency

Text

5.

Oceania

10

4.

Europe

42

3.

Asia

39

2.

Americas

30

1.

Africa

48

Summary Statistics: Min. 1.0; Max. 5.0; Mean 2.62130177514793; Valid 169.0; StDev 1.2904486890628293;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:sU2UTdl35Xos76XlVVYGPw==

Geographic region (World Bank classification

f6297541 Location:

Value

Label

Frequency

Text

4.

South Asia

7

5.

Eastern Europe & Central Asia

28

1.

Eastern & Southern Africa

21

7.

Middle East

10

6.

Europe

21

2.

West Africa

23

9.

Americas

30

8.

North Africa

4

3.

East Asia & Oceania

25

Summary Statistics: Mean 4.781065088757398; Min. 1.0; StDev 2.6935763625221836; Valid 169.0; Max. 9.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:4f/S4vG7im64wPBWspilKw==

OECD country (0/1)

f6297541 Location:

Summary Statistics: StDev 0.4064324995935211; Max. 1.0; Valid 169.0; Min. 0.0; Mean 0.2071005917159758

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:WOJB8OmU2nKWKCpqQFppqQ==

OVERALL INTEGRITY SECTION

f6297541 Location:

Summary Statistics: StDev NaN; Min. NaN; Mean NaN; Max. NaN; Valid 0.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:5IeDRRz/+pCbLJLdsrTAaw==

PEI index of electoral integrity, individual

f6297541 Location:

Summary Statistics: Min. 15.816326141357422; Valid 146.0; Max. 90.81632995605469; Mean 54.34575007713008; StDev 17.27512002254011

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:m6g4rL0/CFiCepfrb9UwKQ==

PEI index of electoral integrity, (0-100), raw

f6297541 Location:

Summary Statistics: StDev 15.00526903916198; Min. 22.04483413696289; Mean 54.66800582479441; Valid 169.0; Max. 86.27639770507812

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:QPcDpBjHN6DHILwoBBneuw==

Descriptive type of electoral integrity (Very Low to Very High)

f6297541 Location:

Value

Label

Frequency

Text

1.

Very Low

35

4.

High

32

3.

Moderate

41

5.

Very High

31

2.

Low

30

Summary Statistics: Max. 5.0; StDev 1.3925545690096914; Min. 1.0; Valid 169.0; Mean 2.9644970414201195

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:ZpzEIas1AoWFtjvpdx18Ug==

Rating electoral integrity of the election (1=very poor->10=very good)

f6297541 Location:

Summary Statistics: Min. 1.3229166269302368; StDev 2.17389586384307; Valid 169.0; Max. 9.85092544555664; Mean 6.166973802464955

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:LQ7kJMKEejoFRfsD39tf9Q==

ELECTORAL LAWS SECTION

f6297541 Location:

Summary Statistics: Max. NaN; Min. NaN; Mean NaN; Valid 0.0; StDev NaN

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:5IeDRRz/+pCbLJLdsrTAaw==

1-1a. Electoral laws were unfair to smaller parties (1-5)[N]

f6297541 Location:

Summary Statistics: Valid 169.0; Max. 4.599999904632568; Mean 3.044367557446631; StDev 0.7816389225357248; Min. 1.2952613830566406;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:croA3KAnuaJmqE4wOOo/1g==

1-1b. Electoral laws were unfair to smaller parties (1-5)[P]

f6297541 Location:

Summary Statistics: Valid 169.0; Min. 1.399999976158142; StDev 0.7816389256763447; Mean 2.955632443258747; Max. 4.704738616943359;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:+euRaGquInPd2fnChb2vAw==

1-2a. Electoral laws favored the governing party or parties (1-5)[N]

f6297541 Location:

Summary Statistics: Valid 169.0; Max. 5.0; Mean 3.1053228145520344; Min. 1.2361111640930176; StDev 0.9589746828031002;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:SN4+f1gliQuVPINVKs2R+A==

1-2b. Electoral laws favored the governing party or parties (1-5)[P]

f6297541 Location:

Summary Statistics: Max. 4.763888835906982; Valid 169.0; StDev 0.9589746785862983; Min. 1.0; Mean 2.89467718121568

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:0AIgPXCffXFFb4ZzEOvCdA==

1-3a. Elections laws restricted citizens' rights (1-5)[N]

f6297541 Location:

Summary Statistics: Max. 4.635416507720947; StDev 0.8631088157173952; Valid 169.0; Mean 2.5556980900510533; Min. 1.1611111164093018;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:KYfG+nefdpu5lg7oidkzEw==

1-3b. Elections laws restricted citizens' rights (1-5)[P]

f6297541 Location:

Summary Statistics: Valid 169.0; Mean 3.4443019028951447; Max. 4.838889122009277; Min. 1.3645833730697632; StDev 0.8631088123234203

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:mLNkacoTKeqE+1vQiVVchg==

1-4. Electoral laws index (0-100)

f6297541 Location:

Summary Statistics: Mean 56.46159027280055; Valid 169.0; Max. 92.57351589609391; Min. 13.333333110809326; StDev 19.11702706423946;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:MfXqRFf3Iz6gQA5seNGi9A==

1-4i. Electoral laws index (0-100), imputed

f6297541 Location:

Summary Statistics: Valid 169.0; Max. 92.06120300292969; Mean 52.22017065307799; StDev 20.13090673890653; Min. 12.31199836730957;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:aA0OA31oYYnEX2z7JdzmoQ==

ELECTORAL PROCEDURES SECTION

f6297541 Location:

Summary Statistics: Mean NaN; StDev NaN; Valid 0.0; Min. NaN; Max. NaN;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:5IeDRRz/+pCbLJLdsrTAaw==

2-1. Elections were well managed (1-5)[P]

f6297541 Location:

Summary Statistics: StDev 0.8720162605259453; Min. 1.1818181276321411; Mean 3.429430868498674; Valid 169.0; Max. 5.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:cEhywhTJ6foLewUgZwNMxg==

2-2. Information about voting procedures was widely available (1-5)[P]

f6297541 Location:

Summary Statistics: Mean 3.7441591454680836; Valid 169.0; Max. 4.895833492279053; StDev 0.6836427560567876; Min. 1.8125

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:9KGFAqyetRiiM5M+qQcYFg==

2-3. Election officials were fair (1-5)[P]

f6297541 Location:

Summary Statistics: Min. 1.1845238208770752; Mean 3.4294987994538264; Max. 4.976190567016602; StDev 0.9786616221131352; Valid 169.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:qOHffsoU21Tj5wu+BjufJg==

2-4. Elections were conducted in accordance with the law (1-5)[P]

f6297541 Location:

Summary Statistics: Max. 5.0; StDev 0.8786842064993543; Mean 3.6588429995542437; Valid 169.0; Min. 1.5;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:hO5zyeIxDWOw7LKLr/sPSg==

2-5. Electoral procedures index (0-100)

f6297541 Location:

Summary Statistics: Min. 17.526041507720947; Max. 97.43055470784505; Mean 66.61539694086167; StDev 19.29195099376704; Valid 169.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:UbCQ0+v9JUylkeRLPIofqQ==

2-5i. Electoral procedures index (0-100), imputed

f6297541 Location:

Summary Statistics: StDev 20.162106355041455; Mean 64.22108602805959; Valid 169.0; Max. 97.32638549804688; Min. 18.11850357055664;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:osgvYQIlA6dOC2OIhwNZ/w==

BOUNDARIES FOR VOTING DISTRICTS SECTION

f6297541 Location:

Summary Statistics: Valid 0.0; Min. NaN; Max. NaN; Mean NaN; StDev NaN;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:5IeDRRz/+pCbLJLdsrTAaw==

3-1a. Boundaries discriminated against some parties (1-5)[N]

f6297541 Location:

Summary Statistics: Mean 2.8246405189295856; Max. 4.75; StDev 0.7884667650977255; Valid 166.0; Min. 1.297619104385376

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:5uOa9j3lyFw3TIgXCfQAzQ==

3-1b. Boundaries discriminated against some parties (1-5)[P]

f6297541 Location:

Summary Statistics: StDev 0.7884667698829294; Mean 3.1753594731710035; Valid 166.0; Max. 4.702381134033203; Min. 1.25

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:ZeUXBUk/WNCyiyboqtVv9g==

3-2a. Boundaries favored incumbents (1-5)[N]

f6297541 Location:

Summary Statistics: Min. 1.2222222089767456; StDev 0.7975280717671316; Max. 4.428571701049805; Mean 2.7651714632310065; Valid 166.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:SUZPyChlxthUPKcNGKt4xA==

3-2b. Boundaries favored incumbents (1-5)[P]

f6297541 Location:

Summary Statistics: StDev 0.7975280727827039; Min. 1.5714285373687744; Mean 3.234828531023969; Valid 166.0; Max. 4.777777671813965

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:kMOPw6fZquxc5pHE+6KSbQ==

3-3. Boundaries were impartial (1-5)[P]

f6297541 Location:

Summary Statistics: StDev 0.6941282668735018; Max. 5.0; Valid 168.0; Mean 3.0623731939565566; Min. 1.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:dcnCXA6yGUqTtDc+bsa0eA==

3-4. Voting district boundaries index (0-100)

f6297541 Location:

Summary Statistics: Min. 16.66666603088379; Max. 91.03827317555746; Mean 57.41862188326901; Valid 166.0; StDev 16.532668295866927

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:zqT14rDjEeExde1wDVag0w==

3-4i. Voting district boundaries index (0-100), imputed

f6297541 Location:

Summary Statistics: Mean 53.79142415876218; Valid 169.0; Min. 10.767345428466797; Max. 84.5042953491211; StDev 13.74264993417331

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:vT4fRjh2jWg+N1ONpQmBQw==

VOTER REGISTRATION SECTION

f6297541 Location:

Summary Statistics: Mean NaN; Valid 0.0; Max. NaN; Min. NaN; StDev NaN;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:5IeDRRz/+pCbLJLdsrTAaw==

4-1a. Some citizens were not listed in the register (1-5)[N]

f6297541 Location:

Summary Statistics: StDev 0.9526136191884665; Min. 1.1333333253860474; Valid 169.0; Max. 5.0; Mean 3.1929091306833124

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:Ahn170rPirKWVGqHtuuetw==

4-1b. Some citizens were not listed in the register (1-5)[P]

f6297541 Location:

Summary Statistics: Min. 1.0; Valid 169.0; StDev 0.9526136141395777; Mean 2.8070908587359815; Max. 4.866666793823242;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:vH0B4Xhtuw64i8+IR9tpiQ==

4-2a. The electoral register was inaccurate (1-5)[N]

f6297541 Location:

Summary Statistics: StDev 0.9342390355224411; Valid 169.0; Max. 5.0; Mean 2.94257501737606; Min. 1.0416666269302368

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:Hsvmgasqjy5SknZ04UwK6w==

4-2b. The electoral register was inaccurate (1-5)[P]

f6297541 Location:

Summary Statistics: Max. 4.958333492279053; Min. 1.0; StDev 0.9342390456877967; Mean 3.05742498262394; Valid 169.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:UaXNdksoGVmojCJq4bYuWg==

4-3a. Some ineligible electors were registered (1-5)[N]

f6297541 Location:

Summary Statistics: Valid 167.0; Min. 1.0827839374542236; Max. 4.699999809265137; Mean 2.7888319156840873; StDev 0.8730434719434256;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:dC2dprAJi+jJy875s1SviA==

4-3b. Some ineligible electors were registered (1-5)[P]

f6297541 Location:

Summary Statistics: Valid 167.0; Min. 1.2999999523162842; Max. 4.9172163009643555; Mean 3.2111680985924718; StDev 0.8730435040430499;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:l4h14xRuLzqaQl4EhbwXeQ==

4-4. Voter registration index (0-100)

f6297541 Location:

Summary Statistics: Mean 55.464966398133065; Max. 97.8272306856024; StDev 20.94826286008609; Min. 5.0; Valid 167.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:l/xFv4ZUn+H2j4BGSEHbTA==

4-4i. Voter registration index (0-100), imputed

f6297541 Location:

Summary Statistics: Max. 95.78626251220703; Min. 10.576923370361328; StDev 20.18841427940516; Mean 50.66686101495871; Valid 169.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:W816B8VoVzdkbitLdOpJ0A==

PARTY AND CANDIDATE REGISTRATION SECTION

f6297541 Location:

Summary Statistics: Min. NaN; StDev NaN; Mean NaN; Valid 0.0; Max. NaN

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:5IeDRRz/+pCbLJLdsrTAaw==

5-1a. Some opposition candidates were prevented from running (1-5)[N]

f6297541 Location:

Summary Statistics: Valid 169.0; StDev 1.0438395934658218; Mean 2.522796050331298; Min. 1.0499999523162842; Max. 4.9375

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:/S1KsyXki6Sufd4o4uQdsQ==

5-1b. Some opposition candidates were prevented from running (1-5)[P]

f6297541 Location:

Summary Statistics: StDev 1.0438395948630215; Min. 1.0625; Max. 4.949999809265137; Valid 169.0; Mean 3.477203945436421

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:8fpzPA6tcflumIyCiP/s4w==

5-2. Women had equal opportunities to run for office (1-5)[P]

f6297541 Location:

Summary Statistics: Min. 1.758730173110962; Mean 3.4172405110308404; Max. 4.750463008880615; StDev 0.6136145922433236; Valid 169.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:p7Q0L0HbBW7zeKIiuGRtJg==

5-3. Ethnic and national minorities had equal opportunities to run for office (1

f6297541 Location:

Summary Statistics: Max. 4.599431991577148; StDev 0.5900978005186699; Mean 3.352852508866575; Min. 1.5208332538604736; Valid 169.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:1HO1UUYzY4zLR+i+Zt7URw==

5-4a. Only top party leaders selected candidates (1-5)[N]

f6297541 Location:

Summary Statistics: Min. 1.0; Valid 169.0; Max. 5.0; StDev 0.7884781440222833; Mean 3.2011257783901046

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:oXXFJLSo/0lhy0HJlXPJFw==

5-4b. Only top party leaders selected candidates (1-5)[P]

f6297541 Location:

Summary Statistics: Mean 2.798874220904513; StDev 0.7884781518117295; Max. 5.0; Min. 1.0; Valid 169.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:+ct8nnAri/VxweMLYSDt7w==

5-5a. Some parties/candidates were restricted from holding campaign rallies (1-5

f6297541 Location:

Summary Statistics: Min. 1.145370364189148; Max. 4.6984124183654785; Valid 169.0; StDev 0.9878991625420462; Mean 2.7001397673194942;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:vLudn7nM88AbV/gf0002GA==

5-5b. Some parties/candidates were restricted from holding campaign rallies (1-5

f6297541 Location:

Summary Statistics: Valid 169.0; Mean 3.299860225626704; Max. 4.8546295166015625; StDev 0.987899150347312; Min. 1.3015873432159424;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:+PYFygLGNPNzvDfwLVjSlg==

5-6. Party and candidate registration index (0-100)

f6297541 Location:

Summary Statistics: Min. 20.31547619047619; StDev 15.690976791968625; Mean 59.926730035440286; Max. 91.77192982456141; Valid 167.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:bJ4NTHx0teqxEkkoKtP6Dw==

5-6i. Party and candidate registration index (0-100), imputed

f6297541 Location:

Summary Statistics: Mean 56.64737211599858; Valid 169.0; StDev 16.185999106829613; Min. 18.07684326171875; Max. 91.30833435058594;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:m7gdJDhO/DHBm2uPKlrSVw==

MEDIA COVERAGE SECTION

f6297541 Location:

Summary Statistics: Valid 0.0; Min. NaN; StDev NaN; Max. NaN; Mean NaN;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:5IeDRRz/+pCbLJLdsrTAaw==

6-1. Newspapers provided balanced election news (1-5)[P]

f6297541 Location:

Summary Statistics: Mean 2.731169020635842; StDev 0.7003925889513856; Max. 4.666666507720947; Min. 1.0; Valid 169.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:WvEi+XV7lFXHVJB+rrkhAg==

6-2a. TV news favored the governing party (1-5)[N]

f6297541 Location:

Summary Statistics: Valid 169.0; StDev 0.8743587159910736; Min. 1.5750000476837158; Mean 3.2844716797213596; Max. 5.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:snVoETSsN27IZj/TRA0YIQ==

6-2b. TV news favored the governing party (1-5)[P]

f6297541 Location:

Summary Statistics: Max. 4.425000190734863; Min. 1.0; Valid 169.0; Mean 2.7155283280378253; StDev 0.8743586974934815

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:E0g9YiealkwbegKUPM9w/w==

6-3. Parties/candidates had fair access to political broadcasts and advertising

f6297541 Location:

Summary Statistics: Max. 4.666666507720947; Mean 2.8246557649070683; StDev 0.7672025182770922; Valid 169.0; Min. 1.2415584325790405

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:/2BF1HjUWB6Jr+XJlA3E1g==

6-4. Journalists provided fair coverage of the elections (1-5)[P]

f6297541 Location:

Summary Statistics: Valid 169.0; StDev 0.6358871857650091; Mean 2.9193016015566298; Max. 4.2703704833984375; Min. 1.34375

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:FQnpIkKjxCynsqmRM/LDVQ==

6-5. Social media were used to expose electoral fraud (1-5)[P]

f6297541 Location:

Summary Statistics: Min. 1.3214285373687744; Max. 5.0; Mean 3.3122662136540604; StDev 0.6381572650088325; Valid 169.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:tBu8RGDN2wxnN/MCugpulg==

6-6. Media coverage index (0-100)

f6297541 Location:

Summary Statistics: Max. 78.43333206176757; Mean 50.52118342423522; Min. 12.5; StDev 13.012557009414582; Valid 169.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:2+M/053NYr/qYAGeud0RwQ==

6-6i. Media coverage index (0-100), imputed

f6297541 Location:

Summary Statistics: StDev 12.668116713775158; Min. 12.880627632141113; Mean 47.75793231873825; Max. 71.83070373535156; Valid 169.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:19iOINn46H8zmYnLvEV2Sw==

CAMPAIGN FINANCE SECTION

f6297541 Location:

Summary Statistics: Valid 0.0; StDev NaN; Mean NaN; Min. NaN; Max. NaN

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:5IeDRRz/+pCbLJLdsrTAaw==

7-1. Parties/candidates had equitable access to public political subsidies(1-5)[

f6297541 Location:

Summary Statistics: Valid 169.0; Min. 1.0; StDev 0.7973572767364362; Max. 4.333333492279053; Mean 2.64439136953749

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:jnBzh3hLuZU5nfmGQBOxEQ==

7-2. Parties/candidates had equitable access to political donations(1-5)[P]

f6297541 Location:

Summary Statistics: Max. 3.9166667461395264; Mean 2.391720102656454; StDev 0.6408728769276912; Valid 168.0; Min. 1.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:MFT23PUYiZUW6daAm5aDsA==

7-3. Parties/candidates publish transparent financial accounts(1-5)[P]

f6297541 Location:

Summary Statistics: Mean 2.0696746401843567; Valid 168.0; Max. 4.266666412353516; Min. 1.0; StDev 0.687066177137295

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:l9zt/FepvlUrkRNVIX9QXw==

7-4a. Rich people buy elections (1-5)[N]

f6297541 Location:

Summary Statistics: Mean 3.1425705710811727; StDev 0.8196607872390157; Min. 1.0; Valid 169.0; Max. 5.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:YHsG6Gm6fB+ZBoTO9x0bZg==

7-4b. Rich people buy elections (1-5)[P]

f6297541 Location:

Summary Statistics: Max. 5.0; Valid 169.0; StDev 0.8196607934140907; Min. 1.0; Mean 2.857429427508067

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:sRBB5LBk9ES1TfvWGg2+mQ==

7-5a. Some state resources were improperly used for campaigning (1-5)[N]

f6297541 Location:

Summary Statistics: Valid 169.0; StDev 0.8507536814306159; Mean 3.613664576287807; Min. 1.4500000476837158; Max. 5.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:3DSpIx7ufBhLkKHiiq4+wg==

7-5b. Some state resources were improperly used for campaigning (1-5)[P]

f6297541 Location:

Summary Statistics: Valid 169.0; Max. 4.550000190734863; StDev 0.850753679779458; Mean 2.3863354060776842; Min. 1.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:V6se8IxQJw6TTHKcFOfW8w==

7-6. Campaign finance index (0-100)

f6297541 Location:

Summary Statistics: Min. 0.0; Mean 40.345052488982; Max. 88.75; StDev 16.634263812272366; Valid 168.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:JFu1XKu6vkkVYBV/kmTUiA==

7-6i. Campaign finance index (0-100), imputed

f6297541 Location:

Summary Statistics: Max. 74.56348419189453; Mean 36.95220029142484; Min. 4.0; StDev 16.093309843688733; Valid 169.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:n4P2br7lMxQuXPIeWAdhYQ==

VOTING PROCESS SECTION

f6297541 Location:

Summary Statistics: StDev NaN; Mean NaN; Max. NaN; Min. NaN; Valid 0.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:5IeDRRz/+pCbLJLdsrTAaw==

8-1a. Some voters were threatened with violence at the polls(1-5)[N]

f6297541 Location:

Summary Statistics: StDev 0.9713529382339361; Min. 1.0; Max. 4.75; Valid 169.0; Mean 2.4510229388637654;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:Y//yHL9ITmuMzRH9AVXLUA==

8-1b. Some voters were threatened with violence at the polls (1-5)[P]

f6297541 Location:

Summary Statistics: Valid 169.0; Mean 3.548977051260911; StDev 0.9713529349866923; Max. 5.0; Min. 1.25;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:JL0Pcg1f3axRufheVWl+zA==

8-2a. Some fraudulent votes were cast (1-5)[N]

f6297541 Location:

Summary Statistics: StDev 1.0198445763293964; Mean 2.962650508570247; Min. 1.09375; Max. 4.896825313568115; Valid 169.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:ecR0P7wCRd4hFQdCYlyKmg==

8-2b. Some fraudulent votes were cast (1-5)[P]

f6297541 Location:

Summary Statistics: Mean 3.037349497072795; StDev 1.0198445565900303; Min. 1.1031745672225952; Valid 169.0; Max. 4.90625;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:y1wZFz2dBl5vgoAwJ1Kc9Q==

8-3. The process of voting was easy (1-1)[Y]

f6297541 Location:

Summary Statistics: Max. 4.792592525482178; Mean 3.8219457942353205; StDev 0.562763869277058; Min. 2.0; Valid 169.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:8Iem24v16Z9czuK1hkIDIg==

8-4. Voters were offered a genuine choice at the ballot box (1-5)[P]

f6297541 Location:

Summary Statistics: Valid 169.0; Max. 4.852941513061523; StDev 0.8110038367326872; Mean 3.651399261147314; Min. 1.3583333492279053;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:6qhYrbSSR2MiReQ0NxXcvQ==

8-5. Postal ballots were available (1-5)[P]

f6297541 Location:

Summary Statistics: Max. 5.0; Min. 1.0; StDev 1.0176397369408212; Mean 2.7079595531937644; Valid 169.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:w85IgUABkwYRX8Bd6yY7EQ==

8-6. Special voting facilities were available for the disabled (1-5)[P]

f6297541 Location:

Summary Statistics: Mean 3.1157531971056796; Min. 1.0; Max. 4.800389766693115; StDev 0.8323677699605406; Valid 169.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:SI4/Q98Iu9+W7pZzVPuneA==

8-7. National citizens living abroad could vote (1-5)[P]

f6297541 Location:

Summary Statistics: Min. 1.0; StDev 1.101163536194868; Mean 3.232020285707958; Max. 4.795138835906982; Valid 169.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:gWL4rShXCpfcaOhn/Dmngw==

8-8. Some form of internet voting was available (1-5)[P]

f6297541 Location:

Summary Statistics: Valid 169.0; StDev 0.45196788402683125; Max. 4.972222328186035; Mean 1.5179836665384867; Min. 1.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:04Rg27QHXfFq9yG7biUc3A==

8-9. Voting process index (0-100)

f6297541 Location:

Summary Statistics: Valid 169.0; Max. 95.05952508108956; Mean 54.65554827363147; StDev 15.158226286523163; Min. 13.75;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:Fy2gW5uFij/pML4MogmCVw==

8-9i. Voting process index (0-100), imputed

f6297541 Location:

Summary Statistics: Mean 52.524374042036996; Min. 20.9375; Valid 169.0; StDev 14.392428356870992; Max. 90.66520690917969

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:yhWX6jA2aR7+/w+XbLOOtg==

THE VOTE COUNT SECTION

f6297541 Location:

Summary Statistics: Mean NaN; Valid 0.0; StDev NaN; Min. NaN; Max. NaN

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:5IeDRRz/+pCbLJLdsrTAaw==

9-1. Ballot boxes were secure (1-5)[P]

f6297541 Location:

Summary Statistics: Min. 1.75; StDev 0.8403065770644625; Max. 5.0; Mean 3.6670037571873; Valid 168.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:y6mld9PQHnjJmgSBHAPVAA==

9-2. The results were announced without undue delay (1-5)[P]

f6297541 Location:

Summary Statistics: StDev 0.8190396250934435; Mean 3.6690732466398606; Min. 1.3809523582458496; Max. 5.0; Valid 169.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:2E/5uZylCGjFoG8tSvk2dw==

9-3. Votes were counted fairly (1-5)[P]

f6297541 Location:

Summary Statistics: Mean 3.598685872625317; StDev 0.9491275621950785; Min. 1.2222222089767456; Valid 169.0; Max. 4.964912414550781;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:mJ3zt7nclGeX5diWrod2Jw==

9-4a. Int'l election monitors were restricted (1-5)[N]

f6297541 Location:

Summary Statistics: Mean 2.2565642136793858; Valid 169.0; StDev 0.8959689746169779; Min. 1.0370370149612427; Max. 5.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:Slds6gJOuyGyBQ4JT9O/tQ==

9-4b. Int'l election monitors were restricted (1-5)[P]

f6297541 Location:

Summary Statistics: Min. 1.0; Valid 169.0; Mean 3.743435789142136; Max. 4.962963104248047; StDev 0.8959689647428726

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:Pclqh5wcvvAD1z9Jlbn2MA==

9-5a. Domestic election monitors were restricted (1-5)[N]

f6297541 Location:

Summary Statistics: Mean 2.3013551771288063; StDev 0.8733686725926901; Min. 1.0370370149612427; Valid 169.0; Max. 4.670833110809326

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:BG37l0GYJbNj2kHLxN81LA==

9-5b. Domestic election monitors were restricted (1-5)[P]

f6297541 Location:

Summary Statistics: Mean 3.698644808763584; Valid 169.0; Min. 1.3291666507720947; Max. 4.962963104248047; StDev 0.8733686702124583

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:i7mEq/WnKWRMoy9XtFgZSQ==

9-6. Vote count index (0-100)

f6297541 Location:

Summary Statistics: Max. 98.32668067226892; Valid 167.0; Min. 20.75; Mean 69.3442381681649; StDev 19.56332950654278

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:A2Ij2WCGZoiti95fxZQA9A==

9-6i. Vote count index (0-100), imputed

f6297541 Location:

Summary Statistics: Valid 169.0; Mean 66.94698834842474; Max. 98.45643615722656; StDev 18.82250574005476; Min. 24.65424919128418

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:uUHbZpH1KpxDeGFniGt5Eg==

VOTING RESULTS SECTION

f6297541 Location:

Summary Statistics: Max. NaN; Valid 0.0; Mean NaN; StDev NaN; Min. NaN;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:5IeDRRz/+pCbLJLdsrTAaw==

10-1a. Parties/candidates challenged the results (1-5)[N]

f6297541 Location:

Summary Statistics: Mean 3.0229645459609635; Min. 1.0754142999649048; Max. 4.740740776062012; Valid 169.0; StDev 1.003775159327744

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:ryxR5I2H4n14a+I5c/ONVA==

10-1b. Parties/candidates challenged the results (1-5)[P]

f6297541 Location:

Summary Statistics: Valid 169.0; Mean 2.9770354540390365; Min. 1.2592592239379883; StDev 1.0037751640542398; Max. 4.924585819244385

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:7fhAeHGek2AS5B66CoTIfw==

10-2a. The election led to peaceful protests (1-5)[N]

f6297541 Location:

Summary Statistics: StDev 0.7538222633108894; Min. 1.0; Mean 2.4656199957492086; Max. 4.111111164093018; Valid 169.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:2JcTfcp1aljKFh2g4nlmRw==

10-2b. The election led to peaceful protests (1-5)[P]

f6297541 Location:

Summary Statistics: Mean 3.5343799943754663; Min. 1.888888955116272; Valid 169.0; StDev 0.7538222564148527; Max. 5.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:Y8R3aqJELvoReZwYJYxXMQ==

10-3a. The election triggered violent protests (1-5)[N]

f6297541 Location:

Summary Statistics: Max. 4.090909004211426; StDev 0.7423597305524151; Min. 1.0; Valid 169.0; Mean 1.893379203666596

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:/IfmERgF4OA/rK/+xS/w7Q==

10-3b. The election triggered violent protests (1-5)[P]

f6297541 Location:

Summary Statistics: Max. 5.0; StDev 0.7423597427775196; Min. 1.9090908765792847; Mean 4.106620797744164; Valid 169.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:/IusnAG5PyvE8BHudzS5Qw==

10-4. Any disputes were resolved through legal channels (1-5)[P]

f6297541 Location:

Summary Statistics: StDev 0.7357290891828926; Mean 3.4300226812531953; Valid 169.0; Min. 1.4249999523162842; Max. 4.772514820098877

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:G6sMGCuwDlieGQY5uetDOQ==

10-5. Results index (0-100)

f6297541 Location:

Summary Statistics: StDev 16.04474629738883; Valid 168.0; Max. 96.73214285714285; Mean 64.59986007746409; Min. 26.953125

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:EOAQ1FB/Vkym9kaxEp4a5A==

10-5i. Results index (0-100), imputed

f6297541 Location:

Summary Statistics: Valid 169.0; Max. 95.73526763916016; Min. 24.122024536132812; Mean 62.97083119951056; StDev 17.311077679572744

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:b8GAuTVDALDPb65imKUyKA==

ELECTORAL AUTHORITIES SECTION

f6297541 Location:

Summary Statistics: Max. NaN; Mean NaN; Min. NaN; StDev NaN; Valid 0.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:5IeDRRz/+pCbLJLdsrTAaw==

11-1. The election authorities were impartial (1-5)[P]

f6297541 Location:

Summary Statistics: Valid 169.0; Min. 1.2571429014205933; StDev 1.0340022961106317; Max. 4.927884578704834; Mean 3.193427365912488;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:7wmGPA2a2QCjx4l/sevCuw==

11-2. The authorities distributed information to citizens (1-5)[P]

f6297541 Location:

Summary Statistics: Max. 4.888888835906982; StDev 0.591901984802227; Min. 2.125; Valid 169.0; Mean 3.7448570290966146

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:GnqweCIDU+XHoZMKaLdMPA==

11-3. The authorities allowed public scrutiny of their performance (1-5)[P]

f6297541 Location:

Summary Statistics: Valid 169.0; Min. 1.3656566143035889; Max. 4.801851749420166; Mean 3.2234688574040424; StDev 0.9068634587593976;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:q4eT81rahBXrUpmTNSQHpQ==

11-4. The election authorities performed well (1-5)[P]

f6297541 Location:

Summary Statistics: Min. 1.5520833730697632; StDev 0.909062357750459; Valid 169.0; Max. 4.871296405792236; Mean 3.3583397117592195

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:+mO/RhEsLcesTgR5EFsU2Q==

11-5. Electoral authorities index (0-100)

f6297541 Location:

Summary Statistics: StDev 19.372133878002188; Min. 17.96875; Valid 169.0; Max. 96.875; Mean 62.19719182360041

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:jIkxHuSVjMBYLxxcmS6Olw==

11-5i. Electoral authorities index (0-100), imputed

f6297541 Location:

Summary Statistics: StDev 20.65372840017386; Mean 59.579913460996714; Valid 169.0; Min. 16.67892074584961; Max. 95.58738708496094

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:dIAwahbQYxroG44YkHz/1Q==

GENERAL ELECTION QUESTIONS

f6297541 Location:

Summary Statistics: Max. NaN; Valid 0.0; Min. NaN; Mean NaN; StDev NaN

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:5IeDRRz/+pCbLJLdsrTAaw==

13-1. How familiar are you with elections in this country?

f6297541 Location:

Summary Statistics: StDev 0.7197298538528997; Valid 169.0; Max. 9.678571701049805; Mean 8.549350746989955; Min. 6.611111164093018

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:+uG0FkIluPnPCRRUaCdcuw==

13-2. Which election (if more than 1) was most important

f6297541 Location:

Summary Statistics: Min. 1.0; Max. 4.375; Valid 169.0; StDev 0.7310626269418602; Mean 1.9345424878531474;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:HpRh8B876EcxN1iXVvkQqg==

ORGANIZATIONAL CONFIDENCE SECTION

f6297541 Location:

Summary Statistics: Max. NaN; Valid 0.0; StDev NaN; Min. NaN; Mean NaN

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:5IeDRRz/+pCbLJLdsrTAaw==

14-1. Confidence in the courts (1=none - 10=a great deal)

f6297541 Location:

Summary Statistics: Min. 1.4791666269302368; StDev 2.0328562214523993; Max. 9.44444465637207; Mean 5.344662638105581; Valid 169.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:aRxnc87MwzOgtJzQ61c4vw==

14-2. Confidence in the government (1=none - 10=a great deal)

f6297541 Location:

Summary Statistics: StDev 1.579339202322911; Mean 4.725457112464677; Min. 1.34375; Max. 8.462499618530273; Valid 169.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:OFygNbxwYoMRzol6rK/UHQ==

14-3. Confidence in the parliament (1=none - 10=a great deal)

f6297541 Location:

Summary Statistics: Max. 8.61111068725586; Mean 4.807562179819365; StDev 1.5760435841077922; Min. 1.3229166269302368; Valid 169.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:ku9OAKvuVURP+ldzW5I+qw==

14-4. Confidence in the armed forces (1=none - 10=a great deal)

f6297541 Location:

Summary Statistics: Max. 8.470588684082031; Min. 1.125; Valid 169.0; StDev 1.7166148669448626; Mean 5.105029358666322

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:IEdA+So0Uc1ZJv2e8rjR4w==

14-6. Confidence in the elect.authorities (1=none - 10=a great deal)

f6297541 Location:

Summary Statistics: StDev 2.11376331375985; Max. 9.722222328186035; Mean 5.785498152117761; Valid 169.0; Min. 1.25

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:NJiWF6cxEr9ZmbbZ5FI6Gg==

EXPERT BACKGROUND SECTION

f6297541 Location:

Summary Statistics: Mean NaN; StDev NaN; Valid 0.0; Max. NaN; Min. NaN

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:5IeDRRz/+pCbLJLdsrTAaw==

15-0. International or domestic expert

f6297541 Location:

Summary Statistics: StDev 0.26697746533788597; Mean 0.44562288749544193; Valid 169.0; Max. 0.9833333492279053; Min. 0.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:3r85ldWzg7S7PGw5DtnyPg==

15-1. Employment type

f6297541 Location:

Summary Statistics: StDev 0.3794151854570186; Max. 3.0; Mean 2.407070894213118; Min. 1.0; Valid 169.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:MOm949LQUS/2A13QYLbt/w==

15-2. Works (or has worked) in the government public sector

f6297541 Location:

Summary Statistics: Mean 0.1726549319625342; Min. 0.0; StDev 0.17092874218393472; Max. 1.0; Valid 169.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:QADLGhdGxgk68D2EMI1MFw==

15-3. Works (or has worked) in a university

f6297541 Location:

Summary Statistics: Valid 169.0; Max. 1.0; Mean 0.87669912051167; Min. 0.4444444179534912; StDev 0.11862074228483495

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:w+tkakT6UNIEUExjHxS/ww==

15-4. Works (or has worked) in private non-profit sector/NGOs

f6297541 Location:

Summary Statistics: Max. 1.0; Min. 0.0; StDev 0.1888063051567495; Valid 168.0; Mean 0.17991329689643215;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:NHVKmD2xxX8qYkALOz/Hag==

15-5. Works (or has worked) in an international agency

f6297541 Location:

Summary Statistics: Max. 1.0; Min. 0.0; Valid 168.0; StDev 0.14329962973237667; Mean 0.09616975828317838;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:s5QKtoXfGKTSYfzq92gqpA==

15-6. Works (or has worked) in an private business or industry

f6297541 Location:

Summary Statistics: Max. 1.0; StDev 0.1281486080825034; Mean 0.07973941263654045; Min. 0.0; Valid 168.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:b7NX5cvRzs0BrdqFj1wgaQ==

15-7. Most recent occupation

f6297541 Location:

Summary Statistics: Max. 6.083333373069763; Min. 4.25; StDev 0.3044984188679414; Valid 169.0; Mean 5.732685004624052

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:U7DONIojuDSlT6TSB8oGaw==

15-8. Age group (by decade)

f6297541 Location:

Summary Statistics: Valid 169.0; Mean 3.475262658679044; Max. 4.774038461538462; Min. 2.444444457689921; StDev 0.43194264216743833;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:3gLLrgNUaNMvhV9ja1s88w==

15-9. Sex (1=female; 0=male)

f6297541 Location:

Summary Statistics: Mean 0.2769975102748783; Max. 1.0; StDev 0.16158617649529614; Min. 0.0; Valid 169.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:QOd8elC87mj7q6SOR+xBlQ==

15-10. Highest level of education

f6297541 Location:

Summary Statistics: Mean 4.986104666128666; Max. 5.5; StDev 0.06811797781742514; Min. 4.652777671813965; Valid 169.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:UNvl/t3KPBJeZphWPGpFqA==

15-11. Were you born in this country?

f6297541 Location:

Summary Statistics: Max. 0.9568151147098516; StDev 0.263009678713378; Mean 0.4961521255376987; Min. 0.0; Valid 169.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:qkweOf6r+MsDTiEJcY8WPQ==

15-12. # years lived in this country

f6297541 Location:

Summary Statistics: Min. 0.5; Max. 4.904545454545454; Valid 169.0; StDev 0.9531257364879414; Mean 3.246874258798933

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:tNNs0u8jV6kbLtpNrUp0mg==

15-13. Expert was a candidate for elected office

f6297541 Location:

Summary Statistics: Mean 0.007992268539965153; StDev 0.027138450231025072; Valid 169.0; Min. 0.0; Max. 0.2361111044883728

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:htxNXTEMd8WM4RMsDDD/Mw==

15-14. Expert was an elected representative

f6297541 Location:

Summary Statistics: Max. 0.25; Mean 0.014075247135520337; Valid 169.0; Min. 0.0; StDev 0.04011591258616006

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:7VUFCzm/AkxGiqP9aF4bbA==

15-15. Expert was an election activist

f6297541 Location:

Summary Statistics: Max. 0.2678571343421936; Min. 0.0; Mean 0.010909788128671912; Valid 169.0; StDev 0.03250143642174189

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:D4YmfnONOh6ZNou2DffIKA==

15-16. Expert was election NGO watch personnel

f6297541 Location:

Summary Statistics: Max. 0.3541666567325592; Mean 0.0467163229763464; StDev 0.06818706741321945; Min. 0.0; Valid 169.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:PydqF+qoh9TAT+vI7UFWJA==

15-17. Expert voted in this election

f6297541 Location:

Summary Statistics: Valid 169.0; Min. 0.0; Mean 0.3511814287913271; Max. 0.9460227489471436; StDev 0.24086051406206924;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:hXS4cHpFWXLY1jQTg+rjow==

15-18. Expert did not participate in any role in this election

f6297541 Location:

Summary Statistics: StDev 0.23368153218017423; Min. 0.0; Max. 1.0; Valid 169.0; Mean 0.4054322215182895

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:ZR/GSgRzVGRS4Ef1J+YDsQ==

15-19. Expert was a national official electoral monitor

f6297541 Location:

Summary Statistics: Min. 0.0; Mean 0.02250458486378193; StDev 0.04624662196946965; Valid 169.0; Max. 0.25

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:JxFP8bb/Is9W3Mdk5NRTQA==

15-19b. Expert was an international official electoral monitor

f6297541 Location:

Summary Statistics: Valid 169.0; StDev 0.07398796760419621; Mean 0.030078616257779005; Min. 0.0; Max. 0.5138888955116272;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:O7VfqIcfX5BepYNjE9yYJg==

15-20. Expert was an election official

f6297541 Location:

Summary Statistics: Valid 169.0; Max. 0.3333333432674408; Min. 0.0; Mean 0.024452322584262796; StDev 0.04589953013807141;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:9FUupVXwkgjWPLIRycshIg==

15-21. Expert is a citizen of this country

f6297541 Location:

Summary Statistics: Min. 0.0; Valid 169.0; StDev 0.26562126449717877; Mean 0.5408484978065999; Max. 1.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:8k7w/PXcEIcQHhhiX8ZMyQ==

15-22. Support the winning or losing side

f6297541 Location:

Summary Statistics: Valid 166.0; Min. 2.142857142857143; StDev 0.9829757600868181; Max. 7.0; Mean 4.902483250388038

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:v3ErFE9Ns06mcvHvS8IXLw==

15-23. Political views on 10pt left/right scale

f6297541 Location:

Summary Statistics: Min. 2.0; Max. 5.933888912200928; Mean 4.27611459641767; Valid 169.0; StDev 0.6648978331013785;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:zjl2uzSmtyJ0Ig8U0RwtDg==

How difficult did you find the survey?

f6297541 Location:

Summary Statistics: StDev 0.8739605072591892; Mean 8.387132213826765; Min. 5.0; Max. 9.666666984558105; Valid 114.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:Ea6hGnj4naNiljJOB4IdIA==

VIGNETTES SECTION

f6297541 Location:

Summary Statistics: StDev NaN; Min. NaN; Mean NaN; Max. NaN; Valid 0.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:5IeDRRz/+pCbLJLdsrTAaw==

16-1. Vignette A (Queues)

f6297541 Location:

Summary Statistics: Max. 6.25; Mean 4.524400943285459; Min. 2.625; StDev 0.8355248534950823; Valid 154.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:QM8Gns+YYCQT4EQjbcLczA==

16-2. Vignette B (Boycotts)

f6297541 Location:

Summary Statistics: Valid 154.0; Min. 3.0; Max. 9.333333015441895; Mean 7.215097641015982; StDev 1.028094461612628;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:b5AyL88o9KXz3/IeILYpZw==

16-3. Vignette C (Violence)

f6297541 Location:

Summary Statistics: StDev 1.084923818895203; Valid 154.0; Min. 3.25; Mean 7.558259539789967; Max. 9.909090995788574;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:lDC0eKM25TH37GV8/zSKDw==

16-4. Vignette D (High)

f6297541 Location:

Summary Statistics: Mean 8.489886829257012; Valid 160.0; Min. 4.6666669845581055; StDev 1.1725361216124937; Max. 10.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:UUH+iT0VycxkXGaX863JAQ==

16-5. Vignette E (Moderate)

f6297541 Location:

Summary Statistics: Max. 8.5; Min. 1.0; StDev 0.9933135692933825; Valid 160.0; Mean 5.279694253206254

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:WE8LMhlR/0FXB2Qsc84qXw==

16-6. Vignette F (Low)

f6297541 Location:

Summary Statistics: Mean 2.686434917151928; StDev 1.095659173438919; Valid 160.0; Max. 6.3333330154418945; Min. 1.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:TgdDwO2AvXm+5Bn2V3CaSg==

ROTATING YEARLY SECTION

f6297541 Location:

Summary Statistics: Min. NaN; Max. NaN; Valid 0.0; Mean NaN; StDev NaN

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:5IeDRRz/+pCbLJLdsrTAaw==

17-1. Voters were bribed (1-5)[N]

f6297541 Location:

Summary Statistics: Min. 1.0; StDev 1.011746925809811; Valid 165.0; Mean 3.035291548931235; Max. 5.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:2FviVvLq16mI90JdaW7kAA==

17-1b. Voters were bribed (Reversed coding)

f6297541 Location:

Summary Statistics: Max. 5.0; Valid 165.0; Min. 1.0; StDev 1.011746928199409; Mean 2.964708448178841

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:2G7CiyKj/HA+/63YhxV5mQ==

17-2. People were free to vote without feeling pressured (1-5)[P]

f6297541 Location:

Summary Statistics: Max. 4.849999904632568; Valid 57.0; StDev 0.8373647604373274; Mean 3.437638132195724; Min. 1.5;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:/JWnTl10KudT/8rzgpqx/A==

17-3. Some voters feared becoming victims of political violence (1-5)[N]

f6297541 Location:

Summary Statistics: Mean 2.654618501663208; StDev 0.981768378138949; Min. 1.0; Valid 57.0; Max. 4.75

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:GTraHdRjYLRoraqFFHqiIQ==

17-3b. Some voters feared becoming victims of political violence (Reversed codin

f6297541 Location:

Summary Statistics: Min. 1.25; Max. 5.0; Valid 57.0; Mean 3.345381500428184; StDev 0.9817683868409305

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:/1zgOrTEiogLoIo0Jk0CDA==

17-4. The process kept the ballot confidential (1-5)[P]

f6297541 Location:

Summary Statistics: StDev 0.7357024864869812; Valid 87.0; Min. 1.899999976158142; Mean 3.774160630401523; Max. 4.849999904632568;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:zre4kkMgsXY2RF+4o3+/BQ==

17-5. Elections were free and fair(1-5)[P]

f6297541 Location:

Summary Statistics: Max. 4.967741966247559; Valid 57.0; Min. 1.0; Mean 3.2317947462985384; StDev 1.1621344020945783;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:/OmYBVaKjHMBJ6zTyVgQ/w==

17-6. Some people received cash, gifts or personal favors in exchange for their

f6297541 Location:

Summary Statistics: StDev 0.9450895386577951; Min. 1.0714285373687744; Valid 57.0; Mean 3.283942923211215; Max. 4.55555534362793

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:nsRA3fHUXd5win5rrh4HSA==

17-6b. Some people received cash, gifts or personal favors in exchange for their

f6297541 Location:

Summary Statistics: Mean 2.716057074697394; Valid 57.0; StDev 0.9450895488004408; Max. 4.928571701049805; Min. 1.4444444179534912

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:D+zbh3ykWCSIiYSj7OPpng==

17-7. Politicians offered patronage to their supporters (1-5)[N]

f6297541 Location:

Summary Statistics: Mean 3.586868171106305; Max. 4.599999904632568; StDev 0.7703182894745703; Valid 57.0; Min. 1.7894736528396606;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:U01RAPuImjENL37hsIRaDg==

17-7b. Politicians offered patronage to their supporters (Reversed coding)

f6297541 Location:

Summary Statistics: Min. 1.399999976158142; Max. 4.210526466369629; StDev 0.7703182666210114; Mean 2.4131318456248234; Valid 57.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:LzNoeSTE8Kx9Mjh7jtE3wg==

18-1. Voting results were subject to a post-election audit (1-5)[P]

f6297541 Location:

Summary Statistics: StDev 0.7285074961187734; Max. 4.0; Mean 2.7761259973049164; Valid 40.0; Min. 1.5;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:ELWMvZ0YzrHU00XMV1RD4g==

18-2. Official election records were safe from hacking (1-5)[P]

f6297541 Location:

Summary Statistics: Mean 3.559663121516888; Valid 39.0; StDev 0.860656706343881; Max. 4.666666507720947; Min. 1.8571428060531616;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:kB5kdrEWva/EyVJ4GJCzhQ==

18-4. Most news media reporting about the campaign was factually accurate (1-5)[

f6297541 Location:

Summary Statistics: Min. 1.4444444179534912; Valid 41.0; Max. 4.400000095367432; Mean 3.2502062029954866; StDev 0.6946144926371561;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:2cJZ0Cl7gUSYKZEJ2sKgYg==

18-5. Most news media reporting about the government's record was true to the fa

f6297541 Location:

Summary Statistics: Valid 41.0; Min. 1.3333333730697632; StDev 0.7284235824262733; Mean 3.0667758714861986; Max. 4.294117450714111;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:uLLGzHqLvUzQ0tVNKqw58Q==

18-6. Much news was fake (1-5)[N]

f6297541 Location:

Summary Statistics: Max. 4.5; StDev 0.6876367290182236; Min. 1.125; Mean 2.708074864887056; Valid 126.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:n5E1gTt6HK7ae+y64bhYKQ==

18-6b. Much news was fake (1-5)[P]

f6297541 Location:

Summary Statistics: StDev 0.6876367256267353; Valid 126.0; Mean 3.291925130382417; Min. 1.5; Max. 4.875

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:glIdWrtlpZrVuuHvswXUWA==

19-1. Campaign media spread hate speech (1-5)[N]

f6297541 Location:

Summary Statistics: Mean 3.022614336013794; StDev 0.7606677730365815; Min. 1.0; Max. 4.666666507720947; Valid 95.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:hQV6jjW4mJoBgdQHO5ptfw==

19-1b. Campaign media spread hate speech (1-5)[P]

f6297541 Location:

Summary Statistics: StDev 0.7606677705179443; Mean 2.977385660221702; Valid 95.0; Min. 1.3333333730697632; Max. 5.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:+7D24Z3x/bXgWGap8JsLoQ==

19-2. Campaign media allowed informed voting choices (1-5)[P]

f6297541 Location:

Summary Statistics: StDev 0.8103065260594586; Max. 4.581818580627441; Valid 95.0; Min. 1.0; Mean 3.1574436990838297

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:xb53J1OB393UUKSP51J4Ag==

19-3. Foreign interests interfered in the campaign (1-5)[N]

f6297541 Location:

Summary Statistics: Mean 2.771414650113959; StDev 0.823563043416903; Min. 1.0; Valid 95.0; Max. 4.875

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:hr42oowvb4yQRBtdUS1BUA==

19-3b. Foreign interests interfered in the campaign (1-5)[P]

f6297541 Location:

Summary Statistics: Max. 5.0; Min. 1.125; StDev 0.8235630310322494; Valid 95.0; Mean 3.2285853411021983;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:pJl4OSDLPBXkhUXCxhgvbA==

19-4. Media watch groups monitored campaign news (1-5)[P]

f6297541 Location:

Summary Statistics: Min. 1.0; Valid 95.0; StDev 0.6216406828360622; Max. 4.5714287757873535; Mean 3.4205153540561075

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:8s6mpl6uynnTheu9pmj5Xg==

19-5. Cyberattacks on official voting records occurred during the election (1-5)

f6297541 Location:

Summary Statistics: Mean 1.9985568815089287; Max. 4.0; Min. 1.0; Valid 94.0; StDev 0.6547992476233166

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:HD+qJ95wqdYbvMTaoy3MPQ==

19-5b. Cyberattacks on official voting records occurred during the election (1-5

f6297541 Location:

Summary Statistics: Valid 94.0; Min. 2.0; Mean 4.0014431172228875; StDev 0.6547992489503605; Max. 5.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:SxnZ8FCHWrR2Qzgp0LM+pw==

19-6. Campaign news generally reflected the diversity of views and interests in

f6297541 Location:

Summary Statistics: Valid 95.0; StDev 0.8205034622045089; Max. 5.0; Mean 3.10514758135143; Min. 1.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:AEFP/VJQI6nqHLoxEXg2Ew==

19-7. Campaign news generally maintained high journalistic standards (1-5)[P]

f6297541 Location:

Summary Statistics: Mean 2.7284220908817485; Valid 95.0; StDev 0.7631129165355292; Min. 1.0; Max. 4.5

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:4ury7gjOV2UGdc7GNYSthg==

19-8. Journalists were often highly partisan in their campaign reporting (1-5)[N

f6297541 Location:

Summary Statistics: Valid 95.0; Min. 1.5; StDev 0.7225440798273082; Max. 5.0; Mean 3.396323826438502

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:iCiglA0o6QWCAKLEy1WVdA==

19-8b. Journalists were often highly partisan in their campaign reporting (1-5)[

f6297541 Location:

Summary Statistics: StDev 0.7225440668055718; Max. 4.5; Mean 2.6036761823453403; Min. 1.0; Valid 95.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:aY191YwuxjsYObKqWyGVNA==

19-9. Social media often contained fake news (1-5)[N]

f6297541 Location:

Summary Statistics: Mean 3.495309935118023; StDev 0.667131257554401; Max. 5.0; Valid 95.0; Min. 1.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:AaoTlPqd4Yp87G5ZUx2SJw==

19-9b. Social media often contained fake news (1-5)[P]

f6297541 Location:

Summary Statistics: Mean 2.5046900636271427; Min. 1.0; StDev 0.6671312595944217; Max. 5.0; Valid 95.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:7e3US6NSyEynkclQJ74Odg==

Country name

f6297545 Location:

Variable Format: character

Notes: UNF:6:0uSzZoKX6R90QTQ30k+yhA==

ISO country code

f6297545 Location:

Variable Format: character

Notes: UNF:6:OJneLOngpFfy4gx5QMOuyQ==

Survey year 2012

f6297545 Location:

Variable Format: character

Notes: UNF:6:xXNjyMHi3bHNF+XIn1raWw==

Survey year 2013

f6297545 Location:

Variable Format: character

Notes: UNF:6:0U/UgugGnJPqTOOgvmt1PQ==

Survey year 2014

f6297545 Location:

Variable Format: character

Notes: UNF:6:RUE9v5IARH62FDGuddlFkg==

Survey year 2015

f6297545 Location:

Variable Format: character

Notes: UNF:6:zJTQkkmwJp/W01LJuHH9cA==

Survey year 2016

f6297545 Location:

Variable Format: character

Notes: UNF:6:70VJ2U/Nu5qk0QeXJEfdVw==

Survey year 2017

f6297545 Location:

Variable Format: character

Notes: UNF:6:dP7w0NiCNdLxLWeXt2JHsg==

Survey year 2018

f6297545 Location:

Variable Format: character

Notes: UNF:6:QmL8YiGMjKeQfJllyT0KQw==

Survey year 2019

f6297545 Location:

Variable Format: character

Notes: UNF:6:BYWqyiu/26oRpbWJQF3Cfw==

Survey Year 2020

f6297545 Location:

Variable Format: character

Notes: UNF:6:+NxGPvCGgfXFiuLq0+y43g==

Survey Year 2021

f6297545 Location:

Variable Format: character

Notes: UNF:6:bf9SCcZWYR01JJhCpLtrhw==

COUNTRYDATA

f6297545 Location:

Summary Statistics: Mean NaN; Min. NaN; Max. NaN; StDev NaN; Valid 0.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:5IeDRRz/+pCbLJLdsrTAaw==

Freedom House Political Rights Scale

f6297545 Location:

Summary Statistics: StDev 2.099926872829465; Mean 3.4082840236686365; Max. 7.0; Valid 169.0; Min. 1.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:EDA4OsnOhg80hu+/x7s1Rw==

Freedom House Civil Liberties Scale

f6297545 Location:

Summary Statistics: Valid 169.0; Mean 3.337278106508876; StDev 1.8286332847385025; Max. 7.0; Min. 1.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:AygLFxSJJN1iPF5ZSLANaA==

GDP per capita, PPP, current international $

f6297545 Location:

Summary Statistics: Mean 18481.772455089806; Min. 788.0; Max. 94278.0; StDev 18995.34066226827; Valid 167.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:Hdw+PMmlZEDClqWYzoCKeQ==

Geographic region (UN classification)

f6297545 Location:

Variable Format: character

Notes: UNF:6:rPb02a4RNfhM0LDCIothow==

Geographic region (World Bank classification

f6297545 Location:

Variable Format: character

Notes: UNF:6:KqOdEe6JpjHgdvjESMMi2A==

OECD country (0/1)

f6297545 Location:

Summary Statistics: Max. 1.0; Valid 169.0; Min. 0.0; Mean 0.2071005917159758; StDev 0.4064324995935211;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:WOJB8OmU2nKWKCpqQFppqQ==

OVERALL INTEGRITY SECTION

f6297545 Location:

Summary Statistics: Valid 0.0; Mean NaN; StDev NaN; Max. NaN; Min. NaN

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:5IeDRRz/+pCbLJLdsrTAaw==

PEI index of electoral integrity, individual

f6297545 Location:

Summary Statistics: Max. 91.0; Mean 54.369863013698655; Valid 146.0; Min. 16.0; StDev 17.300194815977086;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:diYCbO5QA2/wJBU7BJFSsA==

PEI index of electoral integrity, (0-100), raw

f6297545 Location:

Summary Statistics: Max. 86.0; StDev 15.058110412937863; Valid 169.0; Mean 54.66863905325443; Min. 22.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:LKZOh6KAoYne9S7x8521iA==

Descriptive type of electoral integrity (Very Low to Very High)

f6297545 Location:

Variable Format: character

Notes: UNF:6:AcGLg3yMioxiz3JddwzAuQ==

Rating electoral integrity of the election (1=very poor->10=very good)

f6297545 Location:

Summary Statistics: StDev 2.210036916597708; Min. 1.0; Valid 169.0; Mean 6.195266272189354; Max. 10.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:HJ5K+uZ8eqHGNly+yfKrZw==

ELECTORAL LAWS SECTION

f6297545 Location:

Summary Statistics: Max. NaN; Valid 0.0; StDev NaN; Min. NaN; Mean NaN;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:5IeDRRz/+pCbLJLdsrTAaw==

1-1a. Electoral laws were unfair to smaller parties (1-5)[N]

f6297545 Location:

Summary Statistics: Min. 1.0; Mean 3.0059171597633134; Valid 169.0; Max. 5.0; StDev 0.8201120816266385

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:MjFP+p1fJTuux4qr7JBSlg==

1-1b. Electoral laws were unfair to smaller parties (1-5)[P]

f6297545 Location:

Summary Statistics: Mean 3.011834319526627; Valid 169.0; StDev 0.8236689528051678; Max. 5.0; Min. 1.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:jTzxTWdtKYa0Si3s38z5Cw==

1-2a. Electoral laws favored the governing party or parties (1-5)[N]

f6297545 Location:

Summary Statistics: Min. 1.0; Max. 5.0; Mean 3.088757396449706; StDev 0.9748890017808083; Valid 169.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:m7m05T1Q9Z496qkd5IS9rQ==

1-2b. Electoral laws favored the governing party or parties (1-5)[P]

f6297545 Location:

Summary Statistics: Min. 1.0; Mean 2.9408284023668654; Valid 169.0; Max. 5.0; StDev 0.9801854902920072;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:KAM2m5KY6lFU2E03ICVxyQ==

1-3a. Elections laws restricted citizens' rights (1-5)[N]

f6297545 Location:

Summary Statistics: StDev 0.9041091504209511; Max. 5.0; Valid 169.0; Min. 1.0; Mean 2.5739644970414184

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:OqpYE4Gp9je9Rjqqd3NSvw==

1-3b. Elections laws restricted citizens' rights (1-5)[P]

f6297545 Location:

Summary Statistics: Max. 5.0; Valid 169.0; StDev 0.911133045343693; Mean 3.431952662721895; Min. 1.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:Wgrle19//Z+FyHOKgF23Dg==

1-4. Electoral laws index (0-100)

f6297545 Location:

Summary Statistics: Min. 13.0; Valid 169.0; StDev 19.09315044495744; Max. 93.0; Mean 56.47337278106507

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:VosgWTwYT17/eqZEdoEBdw==

1-4i. Electoral laws index (0-100), imputed

f6297545 Location:

Summary Statistics: Valid 169.0; StDev 20.151853772837526; Mean 52.213017751479285; Max. 92.0; Min. 12.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:A6LcxL/tC+Qc9u43EGdbxA==

ELECTORAL PROCEDURES SECTION

f6297545 Location:

Summary Statistics: Max. NaN; StDev NaN; Valid 0.0; Min. NaN; Mean NaN;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:5IeDRRz/+pCbLJLdsrTAaw==

2-1. Elections were well managed (1-5)[P]

f6297545 Location:

Summary Statistics: StDev 0.8773792271622615; Max. 5.0; Min. 1.0; Mean 3.4260355029585816; Valid 169.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:ug4cM9U9xUvRj7D0/E/h3A==

2-2. Information about voting procedures was widely available (1-5)[P]

f6297545 Location:

Summary Statistics: StDev 0.7402508085167623; Mean 3.7455621301775133; Max. 5.0; Min. 2.0; Valid 169.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:A5yYz6U4DTjIz+ezXvSgQw==

2-3. Election officials were fair (1-5)[P]

f6297545 Location:

Summary Statistics: Min. 1.0; StDev 1.0796342116636755; Valid 169.0; Mean 3.4497041420118335; Max. 5.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:9Z7Ytqkuz/YE+OpMGz04UA==

2-4. Elections were conducted in accordance with the law (1-5)[P]

f6297545 Location:

Summary Statistics: Mean 3.674556213017751; Min. 2.0; StDev 0.9420740534156054; Valid 169.0; Max. 5.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:Vft1MbwVdKWbSL2bGCZs4A==

2-5. Electoral procedures index (0-100)

f6297545 Location:

Summary Statistics: StDev 19.279239283304555; Valid 169.0; Mean 66.62130177514794; Min. 18.0; Max. 97.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:1+03vo19hFuFswpJiloJuw==

2-5i. Electoral procedures index (0-100), imputed

f6297545 Location:

Summary Statistics: Min. 18.0; Max. 97.0; StDev 20.166718479588983; Mean 64.26627218934908; Valid 169.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:CX3blE6MfK+vYYe8kqRj1w==

BOUNDARIES FOR VOTING DISTRICTS SECTION

f6297545 Location:

Summary Statistics: Min. NaN; Max. NaN; Valid 0.0; Mean NaN; StDev NaN

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:5IeDRRz/+pCbLJLdsrTAaw==

3-1a. Boundaries discriminated against some parties (1-5)[N]

f6297545 Location:

Summary Statistics: StDev 0.8331398095846297; Min. 1.0; Mean 2.8554216867469893; Max. 5.0; Valid 166.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:ky6QWzxVUAxHwBu/TmM7fA==

3-1b. Boundaries discriminated against some parties (1-5)[P]

f6297545 Location:

Summary Statistics: StDev 0.8522032952124388; Min. 1.0; Max. 5.0; Mean 3.1927710843373487; Valid 166.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:cO2nDI2dnTA4O+1O3hegDg==

3-2a. Boundaries favored incumbents (1-5)[N]

f6297545 Location:

Summary Statistics: Max. 4.0; StDev 0.8450832822419293; Mean 2.7650602409638556; Min. 1.0; Valid 166.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:hOmpRssgIVUdRlKRjYi+kg==

3-2b. Boundaries favored incumbents (1-5)[P]

f6297545 Location:

Summary Statistics: Max. 5.0; StDev 0.8341252170343431; Valid 166.0; Mean 3.2710843373493965; Min. 2.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:hD//W18MPiexliBBac4bjA==

3-3. Boundaries were impartial (1-5)[P]

f6297545 Location:

Summary Statistics: Min. 1.0; StDev 0.7517444781832733; Max. 5.0; Mean 3.125; Valid 168.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:ACWeF5+2NejpItb+8C6hvg==

3-4. Voting district boundaries index (0-100)

f6297545 Location:

Summary Statistics: StDev 16.53371432506884; Min. 17.0; Max. 91.0; Mean 57.44578313253014; Valid 166.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:86yRSFWYSOLGeDc/OLnsZA==

3-4i. Voting district boundaries index (0-100), imputed

f6297545 Location:

Summary Statistics: Min. 11.0; StDev 13.747798819687018; Max. 85.0; Valid 169.0; Mean 53.78698224852068

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:wvia6kGZidB3bEDsPjyXCw==

VOTER REGISTRATION SECTION

f6297545 Location:

Summary Statistics: Valid 0.0; StDev NaN; Min. NaN; Mean NaN; Max. NaN

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:5IeDRRz/+pCbLJLdsrTAaw==

4-1a. Some citizens were not listed in the register (1-5)[N]

f6297545 Location:

Summary Statistics: Min. 1.0; Mean 3.177514792899408; Max. 5.0; Valid 169.0; StDev 1.0370360586702132

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:LCgSZgpxwXH2/DWYnh0Yzw==

4-1b. Some citizens were not listed in the register (1-5)[P]

f6297545 Location:

Summary Statistics: Mean 2.852071005917159; Min. 1.0; Valid 169.0; StDev 1.0330888011776278; Max. 5.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:MUSePqvl/y8vToURWTqp6g==

4-2a. The electoral register was inaccurate (1-5)[N]

f6297545 Location:

Summary Statistics: Min. 1.0; StDev 0.9940297973880048; Valid 169.0; Max. 5.0; Mean 2.923076923076925;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:QCdDyq/sx1c0OeCYmicInA==

4-2b. The electoral register was inaccurate (1-5)[P]

f6297545 Location:

Summary Statistics: Max. 5.0; StDev 0.9942777955592609; Min. 1.0; Mean 3.1065088757396464; Valid 169.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:sYCMQ6Cww+SvQcrUOd0Mgg==

4-3a. Some ineligible electors were registered (1-5)[N]

f6297545 Location:

Summary Statistics: Min. 1.0; StDev 0.948192665662988; Max. 5.0; Valid 167.0; Mean 2.8143712574850315;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:IN6J3iFW/kIJIEe+6IwaCg==

4-3b. Some ineligible electors were registered (1-5)[P]

f6297545 Location:

Summary Statistics: Min. 1.0; Mean 3.233532934131736; Valid 167.0; StDev 0.950244786373118; Max. 5.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:g0T7fSpMAHPswR4QzTL6pA==

4-4. Voter registration index (0-100)

f6297545 Location:

Summary Statistics: Min. 5.0; Valid 167.0; Mean 55.43113772455093; Max. 98.0; StDev 20.921966044222902;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:0roqH7XBJ9c5lOHeaBZW4g==

4-4i. Voter registration index (0-100), imputed

f6297545 Location:

Summary Statistics: StDev 20.1522033276129; Mean 50.644970414201154; Min. 11.0; Max. 96.0; Valid 169.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:dDdkdfPT91vUZm3GxwS8lA==

PARTY AND CANDIDATE REGISTRATION SECTION

f6297545 Location:

Summary Statistics: Valid 0.0; StDev NaN; Mean NaN; Max. NaN; Min. NaN;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:5IeDRRz/+pCbLJLdsrTAaw==

5-1a. Some opposition candidates were prevented from running (1-5)[N]

f6297545 Location:

Summary Statistics: Mean 2.50887573964497; StDev 1.1239722458617285; Valid 169.0; Min. 1.0; Max. 5.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:67EDc7mILbN14cW6Sw+wkw==

5-1b. Some opposition candidates were prevented from running (1-5)[P]

f6297545 Location:

Summary Statistics: Max. 5.0; Mean 3.5147928994082838; StDev 1.1186008952286883; Valid 169.0; Min. 1.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:TjKTMSLv/0IDxe3zjhvx6g==

5-2. Women had equal opportunities to run for office (1-5)[P]

f6297545 Location:

Summary Statistics: Min. 2.0; StDev 0.6722260451172734; Max. 5.0; Mean 3.455621301775149; Valid 169.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:/cly0EjBOcU5DBngHJmQvQ==

5-3. Ethnic and national minorities had equal opportunities to run for office (1

f6297545 Location:

Summary Statistics: Min. 2.0; Valid 169.0; Mean 3.3491124260355023; StDev 0.6917987547307781; Max. 5.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:EjwKQXwZud+CKzXXTKSuzw==

5-4a. Only top party leaders selected candidates (1-5)[N]

f6297545 Location:

Summary Statistics: Mean 3.224852071005917; Max. 5.0; Valid 169.0; Min. 1.0; StDev 0.828996888463396

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:Gv4JYYZO4IY2VqN3NI/cAA==

5-4b. Only top party leaders selected candidates (1-5)[P]

f6297545 Location:

Summary Statistics: Mean 2.8106508875739653; Min. 1.0; Max. 5.0; StDev 0.8449458576707998; Valid 169.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:ThkWM/CEquBV146WuycFPQ==

5-5a. Some parties/candidates were restricted from holding campaign rallies (1-5

f6297545 Location:

Summary Statistics: Min. 1.0; Mean 2.680473372781065; Valid 169.0; Max. 5.0; StDev 1.019878500379712

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:SqC0z7Y2y7mUWh2qbY7cYw==

5-5b. Some parties/candidates were restricted from holding campaign rallies (1-5

f6297545 Location:

Summary Statistics: StDev 1.012113167009796; Valid 169.0; Min. 1.0; Max. 5.0; Mean 3.343195266272189

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:HiTaBun3ffRgfXwuF94Vyw==

5-6. Party and candidate registration index (0-100)

f6297545 Location:

Summary Statistics: StDev 15.694255183623838; Valid 167.0; Min. 20.0; Mean 59.94011976047901; Max. 92.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:4EK6iIrMMMSA8eOvBkvKZg==

5-6i. Party and candidate registration index (0-100), imputed

f6297545 Location:

Summary Statistics: Max. 91.0; Min. 18.0; Valid 169.0; StDev 16.164515489277722; Mean 56.6390532544379

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:UctkZFvNhPB/4N6k2d8BLg==

MEDIA COVERAGE SECTION

f6297545 Location:

Summary Statistics: Max. NaN; Valid 0.0; Min. NaN; Mean NaN; StDev NaN

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:5IeDRRz/+pCbLJLdsrTAaw==

6-1. Newspapers provided balanced election news (1-5)[P]

f6297545 Location:

Summary Statistics: Valid 169.0; Mean 2.7751479289940835; StDev 0.7847338846089319; Max. 5.0; Min. 1.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:gxQvqmeZIyxjLoQdtHJONA==

6-2a. TV news favored the governing party (1-5)[N]

f6297545 Location:

Summary Statistics: StDev 0.9449111825230675; Valid 169.0; Max. 5.0; Mean 3.3076923076923084; Min. 2.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:LPsJVQWVswTVyr182HXMew==

6-2b. TV news favored the governing party (1-5)[P]

f6297545 Location:

Summary Statistics: Mean 2.710059171597632; StDev 0.9411014930853131; Min. 1.0; Max. 4.0; Valid 169.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:/SRmrgFRZ5gfd76zd3A4Fg==

6-3. Parties/candidates had fair access to political broadcasts and advertising

f6297545 Location:

Summary Statistics: StDev 0.792949347203341; Mean 2.8816568047337268; Min. 1.0; Max. 5.0; Valid 169.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:353f+V7NnCZbAdOkCY918Q==

6-4. Journalists provided fair coverage of the elections (1-5)[P]

f6297545 Location:

Summary Statistics: StDev 0.7266609020014803; Valid 169.0; Max. 4.0; Min. 1.0; Mean 2.958579881656806;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:0bk6D5zOhcPgbH1XOSX8PA==

6-5. Social media were used to expose electoral fraud (1-5)[P]

f6297545 Location:

Summary Statistics: Mean 3.355029585798816; Max. 5.0; StDev 0.7100395061614141; Min. 1.0; Valid 169.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:Xfrp4LJntuHgQb3vpNrOWA==

6-6. Media coverage index (0-100)

f6297545 Location:

Summary Statistics: Valid 169.0; Mean 50.54437869822486; Max. 78.0; StDev 13.02513987671975; Min. 13.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:QWdzWnApF5P771nIHS/tpA==

6-6i. Media coverage index (0-100), imputed

f6297545 Location:

Summary Statistics: Min. 13.0; Valid 169.0; Max. 72.0; StDev 12.666382113337727; Mean 47.775147928994066;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:kwWACpOOfL16wj+7enATbQ==

CAMPAIGN FINANCE SECTION

f6297545 Location:

Summary Statistics: Min. NaN; Mean NaN; Max. NaN; Valid 0.0; StDev NaN;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:5IeDRRz/+pCbLJLdsrTAaw==

7-1. Parties/candidates had equitable access to public political subsidies(1-5)[

f6297545 Location:

Summary Statistics: Valid 169.0; Max. 4.0; Min. 1.0; Mean 2.674556213017751; StDev 0.8490211160225888

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:YY2CxyajsOIBG3be4/FXQA==

7-2. Parties/candidates had equitable access to political donations(1-5)[P]

f6297545 Location:

Summary Statistics: Max. 4.0; Valid 168.0; Min. 1.0; Mean 2.4107142857142865; StDev 0.7035441258657514;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:LOLdh3LLqvQKFvHSLaHacw==

7-3. Parties/candidates publish transparent financial accounts(1-5)[P]

f6297545 Location:

Summary Statistics: Max. 4.0; Valid 168.0; Min. 1.0; Mean 2.130952380952382; StDev 0.6883071641424833

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:KAXsp/cCb/3eGh71nPmYUA==

7-4a. Rich people buy elections (1-5)[N]

f6297545 Location:

Summary Statistics: Max. 5.0; Mean 3.195266272189348; Min. 1.0; Valid 169.0; StDev 0.8541084638163985

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:r86v8U18BUUxlbwOQp39/g==

7-4b. Rich people buy elections (1-5)[P]

f6297545 Location:

Summary Statistics: Max. 5.0; StDev 0.8522507617753969; Mean 2.828402366863905; Valid 169.0; Min. 1.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:lpWHyi8ARuhsPF7W3iFamg==

7-5a. Some state resources were improperly used for campaigning (1-5)[N]

f6297545 Location:

Summary Statistics: Max. 5.0; Mean 3.6094674556213024; Valid 169.0; StDev 0.8871599015390876; Min. 1.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:tLV9gMSjH450CkbkUakm2A==

7-5b. Some state resources were improperly used for campaigning (1-5)[P]

f6297545 Location:

Summary Statistics: Min. 1.0; Valid 169.0; StDev 0.8917533329135748; Mean 2.4378698224852084; Max. 5.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:x8/S87KxiUYDKj2Aco+xRw==

7-6. Campaign finance index (0-100)

f6297545 Location:

Summary Statistics: Max. 89.0; StDev 16.591538686142602; Valid 168.0; Mean 40.38095238095236; Min. 0.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:NLtmstWS0gyhvpGaG6BHzQ==

7-6i. Campaign finance index (0-100), imputed

f6297545 Location:

Summary Statistics: Min. 4.0; Max. 75.0; StDev 16.130879365052753; Mean 36.905325443786985; Valid 169.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:NCFzR0LDDvkdAu4c1UVnQw==

VOTING PROCESS SECTION

f6297545 Location:

Summary Statistics: Mean NaN; Max. NaN; StDev NaN; Valid 0.0; Min. NaN

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:5IeDRRz/+pCbLJLdsrTAaw==

8-1a. Some voters were threatened with violence at the polls(1-5)[N]

f6297545 Location:

Summary Statistics: Max. 5.0; Valid 169.0; Mean 2.4142011834319503; Min. 1.0; StDev 1.0437053872979578

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:/QuiybRgeGn/5QbQ7f7aaA==

8-1b. Some voters were threatened with violence at the polls (1-5)[P]

f6297545 Location:

Summary Statistics: Min. 1.0; StDev 1.0606103603269192; Max. 5.0; Mean 3.639053254437871; Valid 169.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:6J5u1j4OnUhk0JFEqlht2g==

8-2a. Some fraudulent votes were cast (1-5)[N]

f6297545 Location:

Summary Statistics: Valid 169.0; Max. 5.0; StDev 1.1199225610228953; Min. 1.0; Mean 2.958579881656806;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:X+Gp61vCtv4ekAECNeIN0Q==

8-2b. Some fraudulent votes were cast (1-5)[P]

f6297545 Location:

Summary Statistics: StDev 1.119419253290708; Valid 169.0; Max. 5.0; Min. 1.0; Mean 3.0532544378698208

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:+0PgG6J+pnkY156xpsROHQ==

8-3. The process of voting was easy (1-1)[Y]

f6297545 Location:

Summary Statistics: Max. 5.0; StDev 0.6573382291318248; Valid 169.0; Mean 3.8579881656804726; Min. 2.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:nk8CFcdgADMeU+9u71mQYg==

8-4. Voters were offered a genuine choice at the ballot box (1-5)[P]

f6297545 Location:

Summary Statistics: Max. 5.0; Mean 3.680473372781065; Valid 169.0; StDev 0.8407251763825315; Min. 1.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:l5OiTEgqGIMeKlI4HS2iPA==

8-5. Postal ballots were available (1-5)[P]

f6297545 Location:

Summary Statistics: StDev 1.0423884509757042; Max. 5.0; Valid 169.0; Min. 1.0; Mean 2.739644970414201

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:rOjMBqvRdX/N5RtPAQbtaA==

8-6. Special voting facilities were available for the disabled (1-5)[P]

f6297545 Location:

Summary Statistics: Valid 169.0; StDev 0.8930952063576697; Max. 5.0; Min. 1.0; Mean 3.153846153846154

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:ISnmLrLzlmF/LgzqGwBYrg==

8-7. National citizens living abroad could vote (1-5)[P]

f6297545 Location:

Summary Statistics: Valid 169.0; Mean 3.201183431952662; StDev 1.1679238888729244; Max. 5.0; Min. 1.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:B/sVUsd4ebo+yyvSm3quoA==

8-8. Some form of internet voting was available (1-5)[P]

f6297545 Location:

Summary Statistics: Mean 1.455621301775148; Valid 169.0; Min. 1.0; StDev 0.6168138165649645; Max. 5.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:Ov4ALa82ILJ3oEboRBD9FQ==

8-9. Voting process index (0-100)

f6297545 Location:

Summary Statistics: StDev 15.17499129044152; Max. 95.0; Min. 14.0; Valid 169.0; Mean 54.674556213017794

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:6KS+pQ7Ug4E2ssw6FuZPbA==

8-9i. Voting process index (0-100), imputed

f6297545 Location:

Summary Statistics: Valid 169.0; Mean 52.52071005917158; Min. 21.0; Max. 91.0; StDev 14.380910278740902;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:duT1EvY4OqJAB/7uq2QczA==

THE VOTE COUNT SECTION

f6297545 Location:

Summary Statistics: Mean NaN; Min. NaN; StDev NaN; Max. NaN; Valid 0.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:5IeDRRz/+pCbLJLdsrTAaw==

9-1. Ballot boxes were secure (1-5)[P]

f6297545 Location:

Summary Statistics: StDev 0.9282807555402407; Mean 3.690476190476191; Min. 2.0; Max. 5.0; Valid 168.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:VQLUVQ1eNGxSor7jhYAHOw==

9-2. The results were announced without undue delay (1-5)[P]

f6297545 Location:

Summary Statistics: StDev 0.8783421459380609; Min. 1.0; Mean 3.698224852071005; Max. 5.0; Valid 169.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:VpiANWlLCZIe0/ldC5TLvw==

9-3. Votes were counted fairly (1-5)[P]

f6297545 Location:

Summary Statistics: Min. 1.0; Max. 5.0; Mean 3.60355029585799; Valid 169.0; StDev 1.0013023359560203

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:d07GloIedyelm5MzVTS5kA==

9-4a. Int'l election monitors were restricted (1-5)[N]

f6297545 Location:

Summary Statistics: Valid 169.0; Mean 2.2366863905325425; Min. 1.0; StDev 0.9275304653535211; Max. 5.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:O9PyrEAgK+vM5BCPLcX21g==

9-4b. Int'l election monitors were restricted (1-5)[P]

f6297545 Location:

Summary Statistics: Min. 1.0; Max. 5.0; StDev 0.9268846981856103; Valid 169.0; Mean 3.7869822485207116;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:xOJrUiSQUmqUq/u4PEKgGQ==

9-5a. Domestic election monitors were restricted (1-5)[N]

f6297545 Location:

Summary Statistics: Mean 2.301775147928995; Valid 169.0; StDev 0.9562123551744253; Max. 5.0; Min. 1.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:2iKVhgoHfE+yXIXbP66njw==

9-5b. Domestic election monitors were restricted (1-5)[P]

f6297545 Location:

Summary Statistics: Max. 5.0; Min. 1.0; StDev 0.9509675338796258; Mean 3.721893491124259; Valid 169.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:ntRdaAa6Xho/cFxrhSX7Bg==

9-6. Vote count index (0-100)

f6297545 Location:

Summary Statistics: Min. 21.0; StDev 19.568914849736032; Mean 69.35928143712577; Valid 167.0; Max. 98.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:Feh6vC821aXEN0ELmCZDNA==

9-6i. Vote count index (0-100), imputed

f6297545 Location:

Summary Statistics: Mean 66.96449704142009; Max. 98.0; Valid 169.0; Min. 25.0; StDev 18.783824567178186

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:d9XW0Qs3uY9X+vcqc2KIdQ==

VOTING RESULTS SECTION

f6297545 Location:

Summary Statistics: Mean NaN; StDev NaN; Min. NaN; Max. NaN; Valid 0.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:5IeDRRz/+pCbLJLdsrTAaw==

10-1a. Parties/candidates challenged the results (1-5)[N]

f6297545 Location:

Summary Statistics: StDev 1.0578504710249077; Max. 5.0; Valid 169.0; Min. 1.0; Mean 3.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:OdzsQjdFticd8lG7Y9i9jA==

10-1b. Parties/candidates challenged the results (1-5)[P]

f6297545 Location:

Summary Statistics: StDev 1.0575840770466152; Valid 169.0; Mean 3.0236686390532537; Max. 5.0; Min. 1.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:ihtYK0p2AE3ydFymRsOXHw==

10-2a. The election led to peaceful protests (1-5)[N]

f6297545 Location:

Summary Statistics: Max. 4.0; Min. 1.0; StDev 0.8098262408899358; Valid 169.0; Mean 2.5207100591715967;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:RKRIl5owbxIxJ9SnxYwXkA==

10-2b. The election led to peaceful protests (1-5)[P]

f6297545 Location:

Summary Statistics: Valid 169.0; StDev 0.8315845273621979; Mean 3.5207100591715967; Max. 5.0; Min. 2.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:NX+/7azkdjpYK+gM0POatA==

10-3a. The election triggered violent protests (1-5)[N]

f6297545 Location:

Summary Statistics: Max. 4.0; Mean 1.852071005917159; StDev 0.8426918855523464; Valid 169.0; Min. 1.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:7oGoT9rZv+00c1bXZrZ88g==

10-3b. The election triggered violent protests (1-5)[P]

f6297545 Location:

Summary Statistics: Mean 4.183431952662721; Valid 169.0; Min. 2.0; Max. 5.0; StDev 0.8497675083566472

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:2W2w7oBHKW1bjb/jVLbczQ==

10-4. Any disputes were resolved through legal channels (1-5)[P]

f6297545 Location:

Summary Statistics: Min. 1.0; Max. 5.0; Valid 169.0; StDev 0.7771569662087554; Mean 3.431952662721895

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:PrpBcXNFEQUdwelqp7r8iA==

10-5. Results index (0-100)

f6297545 Location:

Summary Statistics: Mean 64.61309523809528; Min. 27.0; Max. 97.0; StDev 16.045939137900994; Valid 168.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:Z0xc7fssGjuDpxcDQL/sWw==

10-5i. Results index (0-100), imputed

f6297545 Location:

Summary Statistics: Mean 62.970414201183424; StDev 17.290041875070806; Max. 96.0; Valid 169.0; Min. 24.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:yyMUuwTfKxYBK+jM952E5A==

ELECTORAL AUTHORITIES SECTION

f6297545 Location:

Summary Statistics: Valid 0.0; Mean NaN; Max. NaN; Min. NaN; StDev NaN

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:5IeDRRz/+pCbLJLdsrTAaw==

11-1. The election authorities were impartial (1-5)[P]

f6297545 Location:

Summary Statistics: StDev 1.1073348527841418; Max. 5.0; Mean 3.2307692307692317; Min. 1.0; Valid 169.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:eeIix5kMMBScxwrgkEqQDQ==

11-2. The authorities distributed information to citizens (1-5)[P]

f6297545 Location:

Summary Statistics: Min. 2.0; Max. 5.0; StDev 0.6859701786081543; Mean 3.757396449704143; Valid 169.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:6DIwp8L1Mx4+q9oOtYVvKw==

11-3. The authorities allowed public scrutiny of their performance (1-5)[P]

f6297545 Location:

Summary Statistics: Max. 5.0; Mean 3.2189349112426022; Valid 169.0; Min. 1.0; StDev 0.9287068848033233

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:NbAcHQOZnc3Zyv+nrgHTzQ==

11-4. The election authorities performed well (1-5)[P]

f6297545 Location:

Summary Statistics: StDev 0.9070650343901089; Max. 5.0; Valid 169.0; Min. 2.0; Mean 3.390532544378697

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:GRxKazOJLjDiRnLn1JxmJA==

11-5. Electoral authorities index (0-100)

f6297545 Location:

Summary Statistics: Min. 18.0; Mean 62.24852071005915; StDev 19.35285787468412; Valid 169.0; Max. 97.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:xqhMecdQ78RRuGKeGIUydw==

11-5i. Electoral authorities index (0-100), imputed

f6297545 Location:

Summary Statistics: StDev 20.67705601027825; Valid 169.0; Max. 96.0; Mean 59.59171597633132; Min. 17.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:XhIAtM7ql8R426T9V2Uwng==

GENERAL ELECTION QUESTIONS

f6297545 Location:

Summary Statistics: StDev NaN; Max. NaN; Min. NaN; Mean NaN; Valid 0.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:5IeDRRz/+pCbLJLdsrTAaw==

13-1. How familiar are you with elections in this country?

f6297545 Location:

Summary Statistics: Mean 8.514792899408285; Valid 169.0; Max. 10.0; StDev 0.7246223061816052; Min. 7.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:xMpSvfhdf34zM1E+4n86kA==

13-2. Which election (if more than 1) was most important

f6297545 Location:

Summary Statistics: Mean 1.9053254437869827; StDev 0.7733862118900344; Max. 4.0; Valid 169.0; Min. 1.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:l1CFdQEyVuaw31Ad4qCX/A==

ORGANIZATIONAL CONFIDENCE SECTION

f6297545 Location:

Summary Statistics: StDev NaN; Max. NaN; Valid 0.0; Min. NaN; Mean NaN

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:5IeDRRz/+pCbLJLdsrTAaw==

14-1. Confidence in the courts (1=none - 10=a great deal)

f6297545 Location:

Summary Statistics: Min. 1.0; Mean 5.3668639053254426; Valid 169.0; Max. 9.0; StDev 2.051791374497718

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:eQSg+6oAQtk6pKix0k1rcg==

14-2. Confidence in the government (1=none - 10=a great deal)

f6297545 Location:

Summary Statistics: StDev 1.6601379594839643; Mean 4.733727810650885; Valid 169.0; Min. 1.0; Max. 8.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:4ox4tY0EiRJNnQGtq00vwQ==

14-3. Confidence in the parliament (1=none - 10=a great deal)

f6297545 Location:

Summary Statistics: StDev 1.6036113794136155; Valid 169.0; Mean 4.828402366863902; Max. 9.0; Min. 1.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:aAMUNY3MHhvzMZjlrCFIyQ==

14-4. Confidence in the armed forces (1=none - 10=a great deal)

f6297545 Location:

Summary Statistics: Valid 169.0; Min. 1.0; Mean 5.106508875739643; Max. 8.0; StDev 1.7183928680682694

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:MS4SEJNbOURuKq77Pbq+mw==

14-6. Confidence in the elect.authorities (1=none - 10=a great deal)

f6297545 Location:

Summary Statistics: Mean 5.781065088757393; Min. 1.0; StDev 2.1476723395064465; Max. 10.0; Valid 169.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:TArQerzFAKB5nN4P/4Q1Qw==

EXPERT BACKGROUND SECTION

f6297545 Location:

Summary Statistics: Mean NaN; Min. NaN; Max. NaN; Valid 0.0; StDev NaN

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:5IeDRRz/+pCbLJLdsrTAaw==

15-0. International or domestic expert

f6297545 Location:

Summary Statistics: Valid 169.0; Max. 1.0; Mean 0.4142011834319527; Min. 0.0; StDev 0.49404740687173604

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:8XFKCTJR0jkO+1uTDuYmcg==

15-1. Employment type

f6297545 Location:

Summary Statistics: StDev 0.5185350107177868; Valid 169.0; Min. 1.0; Max. 3.0; Mean 2.4201183431952664;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:CiKFS1EnnzGqkFEAVJKdZg==

15-2. Works (or has worked) in the government public sector

f6297545 Location:

Summary Statistics: Min. 0.0; Max. 1.0; Valid 169.0; Mean 0.06508875739644965; StDev 0.2474154938540468;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:98YhPxNsu7ssBlgK1HS8Xw==

15-3. Works (or has worked) in a university

f6297545 Location:

Summary Statistics: StDev 0.10846140856771365; Valid 169.0; Mean 0.9881656804733728; Max. 1.0; Min. 0.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:ggfEc8usD0O5k99c/jXR7g==

15-4. Works (or has worked) in private non-profit sector/NGOs

f6297545 Location:

Summary Statistics: Min. 0.0; Valid 168.0; Mean 0.10714285714285722; StDev 0.3102194372216398; Max. 1.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:dTjPR7YH6Uu4HkDhK199bg==

15-5. Works (or has worked) in an international agency

f6297545 Location:

Summary Statistics: Min. 0.0; Mean 0.02976190476190477; StDev 0.17043780322336805; Max. 1.0; Valid 168.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:9HM4ZcLHz1WMNtSQVlIOGg==

15-6. Works (or has worked) in an private business or industry

f6297545 Location:

Summary Statistics: Valid 168.0; StDev 0.15291111082241693; Min. 0.0; Max. 1.0; Mean 0.023809523809523826;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:9ucE1wryTe7mUrRWaxPeeg==

15-7. Most recent occupation

f6297545 Location:

Summary Statistics: Mean 5.822485207100592; Max. 6.0; StDev 0.39846846840820654; Valid 169.0; Min. 4.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:tiSs05GXWjKl8uj+R7X+Aw==

15-8. Age group (by decade)

f6297545 Location:

Summary Statistics: StDev 0.5559053092720618; Min. 2.0; Valid 169.0; Mean 3.455621301775148; Max. 5.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:8cYa4XnSpjraNl6n+UYlcw==

15-9. Sex (1=female; 0=male)

f6297545 Location:

Summary Statistics: Min. 0.0; StDev 0.2672612419124247; Max. 1.0; Valid 169.0; Mean 0.07692307692307694

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:9pRFvxYHEGu2DaphUKRBnw==

15-10. Highest level of education

f6297545 Location:

Summary Statistics: Valid 169.0; StDev 0.07692307692307682; Min. 5.0; Max. 6.0; Mean 5.005917159763314;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:3BpLBWSq6l9djEpP4bl6Lg==

15-11. Were you born in this country?

f6297545 Location:

Summary Statistics: StDev 0.5004224757830207; Mean 0.5325443786982252; Valid 169.0; Max. 1.0; Min. 0.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:qnxhCOvdF8P66UtNeQ5Z6A==

15-12. # years lived in this country

f6297545 Location:

Summary Statistics: Valid 169.0; Min. 1.0; Max. 5.0; Mean 3.2544378698224863; StDev 0.9638068481091546;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:QYXLeDU3IgV4muazW7bRbg==

15-13. Expert was a candidate for elected office

f6297545 Location:

Summary Statistics: Max. 0.0; StDev 0.0; Valid 169.0; Mean 0.0; Min. 0.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:gWx6NpFJVTPYFiwEpMvRHA==

15-14. Expert was an elected representative

f6297545 Location:

Summary Statistics: Min. 0.0; Valid 169.0; StDev 0.0; Mean 0.0; Max. 0.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:gWx6NpFJVTPYFiwEpMvRHA==

15-15. Expert was an election activist

f6297545 Location:

Summary Statistics: StDev 0.0; Mean 0.0; Max. 0.0; Valid 169.0; Min. 0.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:gWx6NpFJVTPYFiwEpMvRHA==

15-16. Expert was election NGO watch personnel

f6297545 Location:

Summary Statistics: Max. 0.0; Min. 0.0; Valid 169.0; Mean 0.0; StDev 0.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:gWx6NpFJVTPYFiwEpMvRHA==

15-17. Expert voted in this election

f6297545 Location:

Summary Statistics: Valid 169.0; Mean 0.307692307692308; Max. 1.0; Min. 0.0; StDev 0.462910049886275;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:EyeACwo1+RHqhUvI3RL2qA==

15-18. Expert did not participate in any role in this election

f6297545 Location:

Summary Statistics: StDev 0.4761869540585437; Min. 0.0; Valid 169.0; Max. 1.0; Mean 0.34319526627218905;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:NtbKkzbcYzZShO/wNHgknA==

15-19. Expert was a national official electoral monitor

f6297545 Location:

Summary Statistics: Mean 0.0; StDev 0.0; Valid 169.0; Max. 0.0; Min. 0.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:gWx6NpFJVTPYFiwEpMvRHA==

15-19b. Expert was an international official electoral monitor

f6297545 Location:

Summary Statistics: StDev 0.0769230769230769; Max. 1.0; Valid 169.0; Min. 0.0; Mean 0.005917159763313603;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:ZuBKutLpgUpAoJes2fB3sw==

15-20. Expert was an election official

f6297545 Location:

Summary Statistics: Min. 0.0; Max. 0.0; Valid 169.0; StDev 0.0; Mean 0.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:gWx6NpFJVTPYFiwEpMvRHA==

15-21. Expert is a citizen of this country

f6297545 Location:

Summary Statistics: Max. 1.0; Min. 0.0; Valid 169.0; StDev 0.4950444763155851; Mean 0.5798816568047338

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:8MMaonoI2Z4ktxT0vDeBbw==

15-22. Support the winning or losing side

f6297545 Location:

Summary Statistics: Min. 2.0; Mean 4.897590361445783; Max. 7.0; StDev 1.018790239642776; Valid 166.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:EeAkDfmT+wezIE5vrme47Q==

15-23. Political views on 10pt left/right scale

f6297545 Location:

Summary Statistics: Valid 169.0; Min. 2.0; Mean 4.3076923076923075; Max. 6.0; StDev 0.698638131005772

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:/wwy+jT5iMJRRGx3FbKl1g==

How difficult did you find the survey?

f6297545 Location:

Summary Statistics: StDev 0.9237335392887358; Min. 5.0; Max. 10.0; Valid 114.0; Mean 8.473684210526315

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:dQXvZ0y1JI59cCmkImLfKg==

VIGNETTES SECTION

f6297545 Location:

Summary Statistics: Valid 0.0; StDev NaN; Mean NaN; Min. NaN; Max. NaN

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:5IeDRRz/+pCbLJLdsrTAaw==

16-1. Vignette A (Queues)

f6297545 Location:

Summary Statistics: StDev 0.8559076349914767; Min. 3.0; Valid 154.0; Mean 4.5519480519480515; Max. 6.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:5ZfRGrVXWh+WAPRSZuwOog==

16-2. Vignette B (Boycotts)

f6297545 Location:

Summary Statistics: Max. 9.0; Mean 7.2272727272727275; Valid 154.0; StDev 1.0573287792148247; Min. 3.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:AbYJieEgbXhf87iBbv7j0Q==

16-3. Vignette C (Violence)

f6297545 Location:

Summary Statistics: Min. 3.0; Valid 154.0; Mean 7.584415584415584; StDev 1.0888700067134949; Max. 10.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:XshRPNoT63WGYI5gy77H5g==

16-4. Vignette D (High)

f6297545 Location:

Summary Statistics: Min. 5.0; StDev 1.2335553514258881; Max. 10.0; Mean 8.51875; Valid 160.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:DuC841x1z4ghGN6PD0Jv1A==

16-5. Vignette E (Moderate)

f6297545 Location:

Summary Statistics: StDev 1.012811020636137; Mean 5.325; Max. 9.0; Min. 1.0; Valid 160.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:zaKkvJRsu6S9FSUNZlzPZw==

16-6. Vignette F (Low)

f6297545 Location:

Summary Statistics: Max. 6.0; StDev 1.1357539816871605; Valid 160.0; Mean 2.6749999999999994; Min. 1.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:P7HnhBkQRttuHJnIUGG5Tw==

ROTATING YEARLY SECTION

f6297545 Location:

Summary Statistics: Mean NaN; Valid 0.0; StDev NaN; Max. NaN; Min. NaN

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:5IeDRRz/+pCbLJLdsrTAaw==

17-1. Voters were bribed (1-5)[N]

f6297545 Location:

Summary Statistics: Max. 5.0; Valid 165.0; Mean 3.0484848484848497; StDev 1.1087570529709987; Min. 1.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:IA8/dRXNrIIq39yBQYAg7g==

17-1b. Voters were bribed (Reversed coding)

f6297545 Location:

Summary Statistics: Mean 3.024242424242425; Valid 165.0; StDev 1.0817302938704336; Max. 5.0; Min. 1.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:U1Nq0/VlFNIZM+Qe+9e6bA==

17-2. People were free to vote without feeling pressured (1-5)[P]

f6297545 Location:

Summary Statistics: StDev 0.8264123628574956; Valid 57.0; Min. 2.0; Max. 5.0; Mean 3.508771929824561

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:A+sXFQ/Ji8Ccx9LkbZ48Cw==

17-3. Some voters feared becoming victims of political violence (1-5)[N]

f6297545 Location:

Summary Statistics: Mean 2.6842105263157903; Valid 57.0; Min. 1.0; Max. 5.0; StDev 1.0548848064538696

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:2zKeB8RHsA8F+8X9QV0mCw==

17-3b. Some voters feared becoming victims of political violence (Reversed codin

f6297545 Location:

Summary Statistics: StDev 1.0548848064538696; Max. 5.0; Valid 57.0; Mean 3.3157894736842097; Min. 1.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:LHRjOKfgSp3gJ/cI9nPDAQ==

17-4. The process kept the ballot confidential (1-5)[P]

f6297545 Location:

Summary Statistics: Min. 2.0; Mean 3.8275862068965516; Valid 87.0; StDev 0.8241542042395209; Max. 5.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:5cXrL2rKoX0vqs/QpuXR3g==

17-5. Elections were free and fair(1-5)[P]

f6297545 Location:

Summary Statistics: Mean 3.280701754385964; StDev 1.1915533973544232; Min. 1.0; Valid 57.0; Max. 5.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:LgKWx+Vuuye9SpqEzav6wg==

17-6. Some people received cash, gifts or personal favors in exchange for their

f6297545 Location:

Summary Statistics: Mean 3.2807017543859645; StDev 1.0308523859428218; Min. 1.0; Valid 57.0; Max. 5.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:r9dwsOINNUtciy73i7xVEw==

17-6b. Some people received cash, gifts or personal favors in exchange for their

f6297545 Location:

Summary Statistics: Min. 1.0; Mean 2.7719298245614032; Valid 57.0; StDev 1.0180082770441135; Max. 5.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:R94O/K8WP+2L4KB/aJOphw==

17-7. Politicians offered patronage to their supporters (1-5)[N]

f6297545 Location:

Summary Statistics: Min. 2.0; Valid 57.0; StDev 0.8229934967782847; Mean 3.701754385964912; Max. 5.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:OU3EW92DN79Mer8xFMSXyA==

17-7b. Politicians offered patronage to their supporters (Reversed coding)

f6297545 Location:

Summary Statistics: Valid 57.0; StDev 0.847375426114042; Mean 2.473684210526316; Min. 1.0; Max. 4.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:+dxw+oUi7Ik2Og3KoO4akA==

18-1. Voting results were subject to a post-election audit (1-5)[P]

f6297545 Location:

Summary Statistics: Valid 40.0; StDev 0.7089175569585666; Min. 2.0; Mean 2.9; Max. 4.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:3hjjDYnk6rSMtAuaJEIbag==

18-2. Official election records were safe from hacking (1-5)[P]

f6297545 Location:

Summary Statistics: Max. 5.0; Min. 2.0; Mean 3.5897435897435903; StDev 0.849704243219174; Valid 39.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:A3CuEzF1eG+8ez8ps4DgDA==

18-4. Most news media reporting about the campaign was factually accurate (1-5)[

f6297545 Location:

Summary Statistics: Min. 1.0; StDev 0.7156780854205467; Mean 3.292682926829268; Max. 4.0; Valid 41.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:xfKUJCdopNTJZiYv50OxEg==

18-5. Most news media reporting about the government's record was true to the fa

f6297545 Location:

Summary Statistics: StDev 0.7481684954346685; Valid 41.0; Min. 1.0; Mean 3.1219512195121952; Max. 4.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:9x+Ya4Y4hBGWjsr1T3zutA==

18-6. Much news was fake (1-5)[N]

f6297545 Location:

Summary Statistics: StDev 0.7859480171832517; Max. 5.0; Mean 2.7857142857142865; Valid 126.0; Min. 1.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:UTLlCMgLLCZO1nrBDLeKBA==

18-6b. Much news was fake (1-5)[P]

f6297545 Location:

Summary Statistics: Mean 3.317460317460318; StDev 0.7657758800149689; Min. 2.0; Valid 126.0; Max. 5.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:nAo0mvzGAzNCqirmMrvtvg==

19-1. Campaign media spread hate speech (1-5)[N]

f6297545 Location:

Summary Statistics: StDev 0.8463081011166547; Mean 3.0842105263157893; Valid 95.0; Min. 1.0; Max. 5.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:k9w7lLG1b5qcgiQUGGNeaQ==

19-1b. Campaign media spread hate speech (1-5)[P]

f6297545 Location:

Summary Statistics: Mean 3.0; Max. 5.0; StDev 0.8629489272626913; Min. 1.0; Valid 95.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:TW0f5RY2W0Rdf37j1Cinbg==

19-2. Campaign media allowed informed voting choices (1-5)[P]

f6297545 Location:

Summary Statistics: Valid 95.0; StDev 0.8626893547113953; Mean 3.1789473684210527; Max. 5.0; Min. 1.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:srxXLsNXe+zQUdW/hxiUZQ==

19-3. Foreign interests interfered in the campaign (1-5)[N]

f6297545 Location:

Summary Statistics: StDev 0.8501366730249601; Max. 5.0; Valid 95.0; Mean 2.852631578947368; Min. 1.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:qke0zu3cviknP4ZvIU3lVA==

19-3b. Foreign interests interfered in the campaign (1-5)[P]

f6297545 Location:

Summary Statistics: Min. 1.0; Max. 5.0; Mean 3.231578947368421; StDev 0.8561744649577493; Valid 95.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:jRwXdvbLX2P2/RjONIyjjg==

19-4. Media watch groups monitored campaign news (1-5)[P]

f6297545 Location:

Summary Statistics: Mean 3.5052631578947366; Valid 95.0; Max. 5.0; Min. 1.0; StDev 0.6822005104030461

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:O0x3q3976zBN0sKPuw0Yng==

19-5. Cyberattacks on official voting records occurred during the election (1-5)

f6297545 Location:

Summary Statistics: Mean 2.0744680851063833; StDev 0.7653709719978531; Valid 94.0; Min. 1.0; Max. 4.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:YCGVu7San40HYJw9wZfmow==

19-5b. Cyberattacks on official voting records occurred during the election (1-5

f6297545 Location:

Summary Statistics: StDev 0.7282262213221831; Valid 94.0; Min. 2.0; Mean 4.085106382978723; Max. 5.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:A3UAXmVolPaRJ7LcOP85rQ==

19-6. Campaign news generally reflected the diversity of views and interests in

f6297545 Location:

Summary Statistics: StDev 0.8544724573040101; Min. 1.0; Mean 3.157894736842105; Valid 95.0; Max. 5.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:6Xc1PcqsR4ZUuebGFuIxkw==

19-7. Campaign news generally maintained high journalistic standards (1-5)[P]

f6297545 Location:

Summary Statistics: Mean 2.8210526315789473; Max. 5.0; Valid 95.0; Min. 1.0; StDev 0.8376632564718369;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:KeNZMmxLQ2fgJujUTrzdwA==

19-8. Journalists were often highly partisan in their campaign reporting (1-5)[N

f6297545 Location:

Summary Statistics: Valid 95.0; Min. 2.0; StDev 0.7692290464275654; Max. 5.0; Mean 3.4631578947368427

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:vHF4feJgs86runw9FySoIQ==

19-8b. Journalists were often highly partisan in their campaign reporting (1-5)[

f6297545 Location:

Summary Statistics: Min. 1.0; StDev 0.7843657076070295; Valid 95.0; Mean 2.642105263157895; Max. 5.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:p1sr/x2whfbwLwyOCjSBhw==

19-9. Social media often contained fake news (1-5)[N]

f6297545 Location:

Summary Statistics: StDev 0.7231571938297243; Valid 95.0; Mean 3.5789473684210527; Min. 1.0; Max. 5.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:12n99O+T02qb1e2Bt74+iw==

19-9b. Social media often contained fake news (1-5)[P]

f6297545 Location:

Summary Statistics: StDev 0.7365060823961299; Min. 1.0; Max. 5.0; Valid 95.0; Mean 2.5894736842105264

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:hcIyIhpuIAGRuIWwBbmlXA==

Country name

f6297542 Location:

Variable Format: character

Notes: UNF:6:a31spgKbjjTbnNIAa/OIBg==

ISO country code

f6297542 Location:

Variable Format: character

Notes: UNF:6:8GsxIO/yKEc6XdlmJkLKFw==

Election Code

f6297542 Location:

Variable Format: character

Notes: UNF:6:7MW28t87mQBZZrtKFb529w==

Year

f6297542 Location:

Summary Statistics: Max. 2021.0; Min. 2012.0; Valid 479.0; Mean 2016.6492693110647; StDev 2.6619420837886842

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:DlneH2Bv7NYgBL8r+Qa+lw==

Election date

f6297542 Location:

Variable Format: character

Notes: UNF:6:Fdn7GeQZmk2KXR2LAe3DkQ==

what government body was this election for?

f6297542 Location:

Summary Statistics: Valid 479.0; Max. 1.0; StDev 0.4901525004646983; Mean 0.39874739039665974; Min. 0.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:PRneF1KPXKZvc7jXGITSiQ==

Number of PEI expert responses, by country

f6297542 Location:

Summary Statistics: Max. 43.0; StDev 6.353349311593597; Mean 9.582463465553229; Valid 479.0; Min. 2.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:bHt9RT9AK/TTa5tU6X3KVQ==

Number of PEI experts invited, by election/country

f6297542 Location:

Summary Statistics: Valid 479.0; Mean 41.69519832985386; Min. 20.0; StDev 15.211445464847808; Max. 285.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:366NSR/QHt+dIFuHsKjtmg==

COUNTRY DATA SECTION

f6297542 Location:

Summary Statistics: StDev NaN; Max. NaN; Mean NaN; Valid 0.0; Min. NaN

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:92FaeJidEqwdhkqQlH23Ig==

Freedom House Political Rights Scale

f6297542 Location:

Summary Statistics: Min. 1.0; Max. 7.0; Valid 478.0; StDev 2.1045954564678295; Mean 3.263598326359832

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:r4+gflWgAlJqb0I/dDbtbg==

Freedom House Civil Liberties Scale

f6297542 Location:

Summary Statistics: Mean 3.2092050209205025; Valid 478.0; StDev 1.8113776784940916; Max. 7.0; Min. 1.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:qg0rjOztDHbEKFqWhx4SzQ==

Freedom House category (Free,Partially Free, Not Free)

f6297542 Location:

Summary Statistics: Mean 1.2447698744769877; Valid 478.0; StDev 0.7961673452799546; Max. 2.0; Min. 0.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:vkbqPybR8wNf5X1IkDUJAQ==

World Bank income level (Low, lower-middle, upper-middle, high)

f6297542 Location:

Summary Statistics: Mean 2.767782426778242; Valid 478.0; Min. 1.0; Max. 4.0; StDev 1.02507743673578;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:/SyFnPQHPV8rH7Xp+C2MzA==

GDP per capita, PPP, current international $

f6297542 Location:

Summary Statistics: Max. 98520.03125; Mean 19390.392224715935; StDev 17952.684783060875; Valid 472.0; Min. 698.8895874023438;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:xOq9x6sW3KNYytLSXFO/gw==

Geographic region (UN classification, 1-5)

f6297542 Location:

Value

Label

Frequency

Text

4.

Europe

158

5.

Oceania

22

3.

Asia

100

2.

Americas

78

1.

Africa

121

Summary Statistics: Min. 1.0; Valid 479.0; Max. 5.0; StDev 1.2765433734310239; Mean 2.7536534446764094

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:nLBrLqbLce0AMLuiD8kPoA==

Geographic region (World Bank classification, 1-9)

f6297542 Location:

Summary Statistics: Max. 9.0; Min. 1.0; StDev 2.558918667009184; Mean 4.870563674321504; Valid 479.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:KS4V+T/2raiM6WdTHmEhvw==

OECD country (0/1)

f6297542 Location:

Summary Statistics: Min. 0.0; StDev 0.4288452480596122; Valid 479.0; Mean 0.24217118997912326; Max. 1.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:sD1BVAlKRuDqaFi5krAORQ==

OVERALL INTEGRITY SECTION

f6297542 Location:

Summary Statistics: Mean NaN; Min. NaN; StDev NaN; Valid 0.0; Max. NaN

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:92FaeJidEqwdhkqQlH23Ig==

PEI index of electoral integrity, (0-100), raw

f6297542 Location:

Summary Statistics: StDev 18.046768891151114; Max. 94.89795684814453; Min. 4.081632614135742; Mean 55.89858988169077; Valid 333.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:hvOU/5mjNHnoXMoieVJXnQ==

PEI Index (raw individual), low ci

f6297542 Location:

Summary Statistics: StDev 18.09260229762729; Max. 89.13148498535156; Min. 5.066568851470947; Mean 51.63505468467356; Valid 193.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:grDBEZcSIcE2xbvUiiIdtA==

PEI Index (raw individual), high ci

f6297542 Location:

Summary Statistics: StDev 15.373629490077361; Mean 61.82001350086587; Max. 92.50117492675781; Min. 16.995620727539062; Valid 193.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:Gzm3nlvqK/64ngZodPWexw==

PEI index of electoral integrity, (0-100), imputed

f6297542 Location:

Summary Statistics: Valid 478.0; Min. 9.135287284851074; Max. 88.37320709228516; Mean 55.60247299361928; StDev 15.991983902745353;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:IpPf/ln/EryAiSF+YUCz1w==

PEI Index (imputed), low ci

f6297542 Location:

Summary Statistics: Mean 49.34236799624707; Max. 86.3606185913086; Valid 473.0; Min. -0.5887936949729919; StDev 17.425555286206123;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:1UM6OPiGE7x1xJK2qT1LzQ==

PEI Index (imputed), high ci

f6297542 Location:

Summary Statistics: StDev 15.201129874284437; Max. 95.01245880126953; Valid 473.0; Mean 62.08160991144482; Min. 17.47962188720703

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:NRIKmLWYStj3OSeZ6KDNBw==

Descriptive type of electoral integrity (Very Low to Very High)

f6297542 Location:

Value

Label

Frequency

Text

1.

Very Low

89

2.

Low

79

4.

High

96

5.

Very High

105

3.

Moderate

110

Summary Statistics: Valid 479.0; Max. 5.0; StDev 1.4067882899306925; Mean 3.102296450939458; Min. 1.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:OpPDHaOK/y7LdXy/1DFaeQ==

Rate electoral integrity of the election (1=very poor->10=very good)

f6297542 Location:

Summary Statistics: Min. 1.0; StDev 2.340731788925111; Max. 9.916666984558105; Mean 6.267166482856849; Valid 459.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:ldLvuEyc6la/7PWwxAjjgw==

Rating, low ci

f6297542 Location:

Summary Statistics: Mean 5.32531657707847; StDev 2.639728610430102; Valid 459.0; Max. 9.786359786987305; Min. -1.2790195941925049;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:Fc1t/mq2zDr/dyfC/PAYAw==

Rating, high ci

f6297542 Location:

Summary Statistics: Mean 7.209016410613632; Valid 459.0; Max. 11.279019355773926; StDev 2.245891622899939; Min. 1.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:fCCeJNuo1aDnCAfjk6ExFg==

ELECTORAL LAWS SECTION

f6297542 Location:

Summary Statistics: Mean NaN; Valid 0.0; StDev NaN; Min. NaN; Max. NaN

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:92FaeJidEqwdhkqQlH23Ig==

1-1a. Electoral laws were unfair to smaller parties (1-5)[N]

f6297542 Location:

Summary Statistics: Max. 5.0; StDev 0.9086362752674361; Mean 3.0215429415722856; Valid 476.0; Min. 1.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:u8ha219bCcYtEfErkCEyKA==

1-1b. Electoral laws were unfair to smaller parties (1-5)[P]

f6297542 Location:

Summary Statistics: Max. 5.0; Mean 2.978457059179034; Valid 476.0; Min. 1.0; StDev 0.9086362793608914;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:H93qxyroCqOJTz0649U4ag==

1-2a. Electoral laws favored the governing party or parties (1-5)[N]

f6297542 Location:

Summary Statistics: StDev 1.0492195468368992; Mean 3.0632739097004653; Min. 1.0; Valid 478.0; Max. 5.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:ihdwOm5hHKeNWIgowvmHOA==

1-2b. Electoral laws favored the governing party or parties (1-5)[P]

f6297542 Location:

Summary Statistics: Valid 478.0; Min. 1.0; StDev 1.0492195455151876; Max. 5.0; Mean 2.9367260840647393

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:diCRy5g/1d/FVLYYRQAouA==

1-3a. Elections laws restricted citizens' rights (1-5)[N]

f6297542 Location:

Summary Statistics: Min. 1.0; Max. 5.0; Valid 479.0; Mean 2.5228075938832033; StDev 0.9719897500622499

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:h8gW3JvONSP7gqMVNVkStg==

1-3b. Elections laws restricted citizens' rights (1-5)[P]

f6297542 Location:

Summary Statistics: StDev 0.9719897514590257; Max. 5.0; Valid 479.0; Mean 3.477192405867925; Min. 1.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:gdg8hieaLMKGPgJMkDMSiw==

1-4. Electoral laws index (0-100)

f6297542 Location:

Summary Statistics: StDev 22.06594195211313; Valid 475.0; Max. 98.95833587646484; Mean 57.36538067757807; Min. 0.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:nAH5kmDK3ScklzLNrEdjXg==

1-4i. Electoral laws index (0-100), imputed

f6297542 Location:

Summary Statistics: StDev 22.383046610991077; Min. 0.0; Mean 52.96305184946678; Valid 479.0; Max. 98.95833587646484;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:bRCItSV9u7V9LzP2CCJcNw==

ELECTORAL PROCEDURES SECTION

f6297542 Location:

Summary Statistics: StDev NaN; Min. NaN; Max. NaN; Valid 0.0; Mean NaN;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:92FaeJidEqwdhkqQlH23Ig==

2-1. Elections were well managed (1-5)[P]

f6297542 Location:

Summary Statistics: Max. 5.0; Mean 3.467843445457347; StDev 0.9561522231205777; Min. 1.0; Valid 479.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:eRKD5jTbCTcgHrDThp00mA==

2-2. Information about voting procedures was widely available (1-5)[P]

f6297542 Location:

Summary Statistics: Max. 5.0; StDev 0.7572497845611917; Min. 1.0; Valid 479.0; Mean 3.7893377111948605;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:lVE+34DiJWAKKcK6sujsPQ==

2-3. Election officials were fair (1-5)[P]

f6297542 Location:

Summary Statistics: Valid 479.0; StDev 1.0743118561586302; Max. 5.0; Mean 3.4595932510053435; Min. 1.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:v/VzKxYbsuLl4Ez9hQqoPw==

2-4. Elections were conducted in accordance with the law (1-5)[P]

f6297542 Location:

Summary Statistics: StDev 0.9639572634035253; Min. 1.0; Valid 479.0; Mean 3.6844507836598694; Max. 5.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:h1BCY7hTUPGPNRZ0GinpUw==

2-5. Electoral procedures index (0-100)

f6297542 Location:

Summary Statistics: StDev 21.313245077902177; Max. 100.0; Min. 0.0; Valid 479.0; Mean 67.53042358579081

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:LCGJLFyh1dHkSQBSBKf0Hg==

2-5i. Electoral procedures index (0-100), imputed

f6297542 Location:

Summary Statistics: Mean 65.05458829397946; StDev 21.780675629956455; Min. 0.0; Max. 99.609375; Valid 479.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:HiZpKp0aHsEwudxLNVerNQ==

BOUNDARIES FOR VOTING DISTRICTS SECTION

f6297542 Location:

Summary Statistics: Max. NaN; Valid 0.0; StDev NaN; Min. NaN; Mean NaN

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:92FaeJidEqwdhkqQlH23Ig==

3-1a. Boundaries discriminated against some parties (1-5)[N]

f6297542 Location:

Summary Statistics: StDev 0.9436941612045844; Valid 463.0; Max. 5.0; Mean 2.789165006600497; Min. 1.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:5OQLa2SGClsi7NE+GCMX2Q==

3-1b. Boundaries discriminated against some parties (1-5)[P]

f6297542 Location:

Summary Statistics: Min. 1.0; Valid 463.0; Max. 5.0; StDev 0.9436941655064187; Mean 3.2108349918546737;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:ZZPUOdrbU4vCikR27eh+Yw==

3-2a. Boundaries favored incumbents (1-5)[N]

f6297542 Location:

Summary Statistics: StDev 0.9608814451950666; Mean 2.7321611026325967; Max. 5.0; Min. 1.0; Valid 466.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:YSLM9Mh2cPQyaVD2pVn2wQ==

3-2b. Boundaries favored incumbents (1-5)[P]

f6297542 Location:

Summary Statistics: Min. 1.0; StDev 0.9608814457275782; Mean 3.267838893530194; Valid 466.0; Max. 5.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:k6kC7cOs7FDrBRgubv1zaA==

3-3. Boundaries were impartial (1-5)[P]

f6297542 Location:

Summary Statistics: Valid 469.0; Max. 5.0; StDev 0.8220296757521048; Min. 1.0; Mean 3.0766963717271523

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:W3kGhM0QG0vc/V2bajfMJA==

3-4. Voting district boundaries index (0-100)

f6297542 Location:

Summary Statistics: Mean 58.336640941670716; Min. 0.0; StDev 19.574995864195905; Valid 462.0; Max. 100.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:aHm/xBgkxd2egC47C/otOg==

3-4i. Voting district boundaries index (0-100), imputed

f6297542 Location:

Summary Statistics: StDev 14.945388022844975; Min. 8.333333015441895; Valid 478.0; Mean 54.468801991211336; Max. 85.5826644897461;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:RzvwcZK4iLm9ZBOYVMeyZw==

VOTER REGISTRATION SECTION

f6297542 Location:

Summary Statistics: Valid 0.0; Mean NaN; StDev NaN; Min. NaN; Max. NaN

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:92FaeJidEqwdhkqQlH23Ig==

4-1a. Some citizens were not listed in the register (1-5)[N]

f6297542 Location:

Summary Statistics: StDev 1.016594082274642; Valid 477.0; Min. 1.0; Mean 3.1130127307004143; Max. 5.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:vwR63jN2ZLT0ouhkqaWXwA==

4-1b. Some citizens were not listed in the register (1-5)[P]

f6297542 Location:

Summary Statistics: Max. 5.0; Valid 477.0; Min. 1.0; StDev 1.0165940810533085; Mean 2.886987266800438

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:5EqpJ9wi9BWgS6lTnaspig==

4-2a. The electoral register was inaccurate (1-5)[N]

f6297542 Location:

Summary Statistics: Min. 1.0; StDev 1.0061914497485993; Valid 479.0; Mean 2.876143537632857; Max. 5.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:htKl/G+QjmQ2CQMUqp/k3w==

4-2b. The electoral register was inaccurate (1-5)[P]

f6297542 Location:

Summary Statistics: Valid 479.0; Mean 3.123856460873916; Min. 1.0; StDev 1.006191447343474; Max. 5.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:qEaj5epl4QtAT1UWlk+n+w==

4-3a. Some ineligible electors were registered (1-5)[N]

f6297542 Location:

Summary Statistics: Min. 1.0; StDev 0.9610123296769552; Max. 5.0; Valid 472.0; Mean 2.7381937220945196;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:ATshOlsZxTOtPB84tSKtdA==

4-3b. Some ineligible electors were registered (1-5)[P]

f6297542 Location:

Summary Statistics: StDev 0.9610123412796246; Valid 472.0; Max. 5.0; Mean 3.261806278915729; Min. 1.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:pIK3Wd00J+SRYUmIaUzlcg==

4-4. Voter registration index (0-100)

f6297542 Location:

Summary Statistics: Valid 471.0; Max. 100.0; Min. 0.0; Mean 56.98503807545301; StDev 22.704078594384494

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:zgxzO7/BkDxUxQfkFsHp3A==

4-4i. Voter registration index (0-100), imputed

f6297542 Location:

Summary Statistics: Valid 479.0; StDev 21.630111574776734; Min. 0.0; Mean 52.11189187444078; Max. 100.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:2gpQxgF5jdw5inqkIsLsEQ==

PARTY AND CANDIDATE REGISTRATION SECTION

f6297542 Location:

Summary Statistics: StDev NaN; Min. NaN; Mean NaN; Max. NaN; Valid 0.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:92FaeJidEqwdhkqQlH23Ig==

5-1a. Some opposition candidates were prevented from running (1-5)[N]

f6297542 Location:

Summary Statistics: StDev 1.1653361004993998; Min. 1.0; Mean 2.496915570629414; Valid 479.0; Max. 5.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:e7mkG5T3FsKMwfC/CIyD8A==

5-1b. Some opposition candidates were prevented from running (1-5)[P]

f6297542 Location:

Summary Statistics: Max. 5.0; Mean 3.503084434348009; Min. 1.0; Valid 479.0; StDev 1.1653360998506959;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:JGBGJ0tPw4BJvtaIgRqhYA==

5-2. Women had equal opportunities to run for office (1-5)[P]

f6297542 Location:

Summary Statistics: Max. 5.0; StDev 0.7277549419398585; Mean 3.4594275742333718; Min. 1.0; Valid 479.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:IUBeV3gvKQWOp2uIAUHvug==

5-3. Ethnic and national minorities had equal opportunities to run for office (1

f6297542 Location:

Summary Statistics: Mean 3.373872899063445; Max. 5.0; StDev 0.7445031601602393; Min. 1.0; Valid 479.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:5xKe6j4BUhsYPQj5Cnm8QA==

5-4a. Only top party leaders selected candidates (1-5)[N]

f6297542 Location:

Summary Statistics: StDev 0.8494342685895798; Valid 477.0; Mean 3.1844000511449337; Min. 1.0; Max. 5.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:gnyQJPWm2xDLu/dMNPCSnQ==

5-4b. Only top party leaders selected candidates (1-5)[P]

f6297542 Location:

Summary Statistics: StDev 0.8494342689352319; Max. 5.0; Valid 477.0; Mean 2.815599948355237; Min. 1.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:uSHPo6kq0jaxbQT3Ng/7Cg==

5-5a. Some parties/candidates were restricted from holding campaign rallies (1-5

f6297542 Location:

Summary Statistics: Min. 1.0; Max. 5.0; Valid 479.0; StDev 1.0909582440910943; Mean 2.6633488472418896;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:BsiiDZ/oy2V7Z0eirb4H+Q==

5-5b. Some parties/candidates were restricted from holding campaign rallies (1-5

f6297542 Location:

Summary Statistics: Max. 5.0; StDev 1.0909582367181587; Valid 479.0; Min. 1.0; Mean 3.336651150269399;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:+jvp2IZd5m2tUaiMc2fKnQ==

5-6. Party and candidate registration index (0-100)

f6297542 Location:

Summary Statistics: StDev 18.128935219058878; Max. 95.0; Mean 60.80115888097372; Min. 0.0; Valid 474.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:3qnhr0vkVoNFtHq0YnfWDg==

5-6i. Party and candidate registration index (0-100), imputed

f6297542 Location:

Summary Statistics: Min. 0.41242578625679016; Mean 57.30909371183162; Valid 479.0; Max. 95.0; StDev 17.984482951301946

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:lWDyEN5SLW3AUx662DPh3g==

MEDIA COVERAGE SECTION

f6297542 Location:

Summary Statistics: Min. NaN; Max. NaN; Mean NaN; StDev NaN; Valid 0.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:92FaeJidEqwdhkqQlH23Ig==

6-1. Newspapers provided balanced election news (1-5)[P]

f6297542 Location:

Summary Statistics: Max. 5.0; Min. 1.0; Valid 479.0; Mean 2.7134891387565157; StDev 0.7712990499273515;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:5gZRG9I1AtAyWviCbWUguA==

6-2a. TV news favored the governing party (1-5)[N]

f6297542 Location:

Summary Statistics: Valid 479.0; StDev 0.962794277742578; Min. 1.0; Mean 3.240996056658241; Max. 5.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:Aaobx2oQtEzM1oZ0ltpDyQ==

6-2b. TV news favored the governing party (1-5)[P]

f6297542 Location:

Summary Statistics: Mean 2.7590039376177224; StDev 0.9627942751582876; Min. 1.0; Valid 479.0; Max. 5.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:CFIIHjDQo4tfqtjvxgMXvw==

6-3. Parties/candidates had fair access to political broadcasts and advertising

f6297542 Location:

Summary Statistics: Valid 479.0; Mean 2.8582843574452257; StDev 0.8682803630913951; Max. 5.0; Min. 1.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:bBih24qZkkFB1KEyHUPjWA==

6-4. Journalists provided fair coverage of the elections (1-5)[P]

f6297542 Location:

Summary Statistics: Min. 1.0; StDev 0.730157770457129; Mean 2.8900748202596684; Valid 479.0; Max. 4.44444465637207

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:6czrxINbBHFd3Q2mVL6PJg==

6-5. Social media were used to expose electoral fraud (1-5)[P]

f6297542 Location:

Summary Statistics: Valid 477.0; Min. 1.0; Max. 5.0; StDev 0.7329488763188359; Mean 3.2773327160181487;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:GHLOpoYsm95W2IuoDNnQfQ==

6-6. Media coverage index (0-100)

f6297542 Location:

Summary Statistics: Min. 8.333333333333334; StDev 14.798051301491597; Max. 90.0; Mean 50.464165903659804; Valid 475.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:evTIx8uj+AdLHd657Xed1A==

6-6i. Media coverage index (0-100), imputed

f6297542 Location:

Summary Statistics: Valid 479.0; Mean 47.6720419308338; StDev 13.987324051273548; Min. 8.5; Max. 77.5

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:JAhtIklI75jFV3BfdibaLA==

CAMPAIGN FINANCE SECTION

f6297542 Location:

Summary Statistics: Min. NaN; Mean NaN; StDev NaN; Max. NaN; Valid 0.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:92FaeJidEqwdhkqQlH23Ig==

7-1. Parties/candidates had equitable access to public political subsidies(1-5)[

f6297542 Location:

Summary Statistics: Mean 2.7193770887977196; StDev 0.9088830987350041; Valid 475.0; Max. 5.0; Min. 1.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:LJBjHGHgSnSQ1hBZVMhY0Q==

7-2. Parties/candidates had equitable access to political donations(1-5)[P]

f6297542 Location:

Summary Statistics: Min. 1.0; Max. 4.300000190734863; StDev 0.7450722924042612; Mean 2.4400592842021913; Valid 476.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:n9fQu/qzkIbLzr09HP6yKA==

7-3. Parties/candidates publish transparent financial accounts(1-5)[P]

f6297542 Location:

Summary Statistics: Max. 4.599999904632568; Valid 478.0; Min. 1.0; StDev 0.7608660995131106; Mean 2.11830339147456

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:mw+isNyLf4xuO/CcJQyvAg==

7-4a. Rich people buy elections (1-5)[N]

f6297542 Location:

Summary Statistics: Valid 478.0; Mean 3.0773717150029776; Max. 5.0; StDev 0.8996946375058344; Min. 1.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:jHL2Q4+DapZQtG3Oz5BY9w==

7-4b. Rich people buy elections (1-5)[P]

f6297542 Location:

Summary Statistics: Mean 2.9226282805079697; StDev 0.8996946405817093; Max. 5.0; Min. 1.0; Valid 478.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:qSpPn4bBE/yOtnuPT7NO+Q==

7-5a. Some state resources were improperly used for campaigning (1-5)[N]

f6297542 Location:

Summary Statistics: StDev 0.9322973483772925; Valid 479.0; Mean 3.584109559188556; Max. 5.0; Min. 1.2941176891326904

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:ER1fpzrF56ug3lILwszSfg==

7-5b. Some state resources were improperly used for campaigning (1-5)[P]

f6297542 Location:

Summary Statistics: Min. 1.0; Max. 4.705882549285889; Mean 2.4158904353362782; StDev 0.93229734716881; Valid 479.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:iC3+Y7OLPqAxB5e+Y8wkow==

7-6. Campaign finance index (0-100)

f6297542 Location:

Summary Statistics: Min. 0.0; Valid 469.0; Max. 90.0; Mean 41.97337970824036; StDev 18.393704166405367

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:RQYRPAfUGHhSCZKSE1hMiw==

7-6i. Campaign finance index (0-100), imputed

f6297542 Location:

Summary Statistics: Max. 81.84275817871094; Mean 38.19835812264047; Valid 479.0; Min. 0.0; StDev 17.493879893285634;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:BsViBd+HYWxeGjFysoBItw==

VOTING PROCESS SECTION

f6297542 Location:

Summary Statistics: Min. NaN; Mean NaN; Max. NaN; StDev NaN; Valid 0.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:92FaeJidEqwdhkqQlH23Ig==

8-1a. Some voters were threatened with violence at the polls(1-5)[N]

f6297542 Location:

Summary Statistics: Min. 1.0; Valid 477.0; Mean 2.3955646460911013; Max. 5.0; StDev 1.0228961614295735

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:QYYQKN6ysxXf38sSr2el/g==

8-1b. Some voters were threatened with violence at the polls (1-5)[P]

f6297542 Location:

Summary Statistics: StDev 1.022896167640037; Valid 477.0; Mean 3.6044353524094106; Max. 5.0; Min. 1.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:+Lf8MSpdDw2RzoYaRt7obw==

8-2a. Some fraudulent votes were cast (1-5)[N]

f6297542 Location:

Summary Statistics: StDev 1.1033031946948182; Mean 2.930045239080673; Min. 1.0; Valid 477.0; Max. 5.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:C0a/II5qpkfSqiQ3VzPK6w==

8-2b. Some fraudulent votes were cast (1-5)[P]

f6297542 Location:

Summary Statistics: StDev 1.1033031928436732; Valid 477.0; Min. 1.0; Mean 3.0699547646680467; Max. 5.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:3hUpC5csUK67xhF2Xqbg2w==

8-3. The process of voting was easy (1-1)[Y]

f6297542 Location:

Summary Statistics: Max. 5.0; Min. 1.0; StDev 0.644014533457945; Valid 479.0; Mean 3.878179864744055

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:Q9yJsJ0flvXzawwRqIFK8g==

8-4. Voters were offered a genuine choice at the ballot box (1-5)[P]

f6297542 Location:

Summary Statistics: Max. 5.0; Mean 3.6931492403802886; Min. 1.0; StDev 0.9163896225614739; Valid 479.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:MGD4IT5KdYtqiy8SYuaDlA==

8-5. Postal ballots were available (1-5)[P]

f6297542 Location:

Summary Statistics: StDev 1.1423754378060207; Max. 5.0; Mean 2.74407239856234; Valid 471.0; Min. 1.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:t+C7KiMVb4PMLnCeUoiPRg==

8-6. Special voting facilities were available for the disabled (1-5)[P]

f6297542 Location:

Summary Statistics: Min. 1.0; Max. 5.0; Mean 3.2159880364270217; Valid 471.0; StDev 0.918638478743651

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:s940oW5Xf3cmXT/dVgciGw==

8-7. National citizens living abroad could vote (1-5)[P]

f6297542 Location:

Summary Statistics: Mean 3.3357875500227276; StDev 1.156941892767448; Valid 475.0; Max. 5.0; Min. 1.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:/9k9OKj/nyjHTd5mvniBEw==

8-8. Some form of internet voting was available (1-5)[P]

f6297542 Location:

Summary Statistics: Max. 5.0; Mean 1.5051135484527491; StDev 0.5369985587197748; Valid 477.0; Min. 1.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:3Wpqzjj8rrg/DTCQsvi9tw==

8-9. Voting process index (0-100)

f6297542 Location:

Summary Statistics: Valid 450.0; Min. 0.0; Mean 56.361396918982145; Max. 95.83333587646484; StDev 16.624039434077677

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:3vifKQrmu6rte5HXwkyWnw==

8-9i. Voting process index (0-100), imputed

f6297542 Location:

Summary Statistics: Valid 478.0; Max. 92.41548156738281; Min. 0.0; StDev 15.204259485386318; Mean 53.76582834810392

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:ajgeRMqzs6b3r7ox7XYQrQ==

THE VOTE COUNT SECTION

f6297542 Location:

Summary Statistics: Min. NaN; Valid 0.0; StDev NaN; Max. NaN; Mean NaN

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:92FaeJidEqwdhkqQlH23Ig==

9-1. Ballot boxes were secure (1-5)[P]

f6297542 Location:

Summary Statistics: Valid 478.0; StDev 0.9186303879863327; Min. 1.0; Mean 3.705983206068621; Max. 5.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:8Spga/9q8ZhLnlqshPJkPQ==

9-2. The results were announced without undue delay (1-5)[P]

f6297542 Location:

Summary Statistics: Max. 5.0; Min. 1.0; StDev 0.9203654696348144; Mean 3.7365250724342522; Valid 479.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:eoM/Z58RtU9Xox5DCT0ilQ==

9-3. Votes were counted fairly (1-5)[P]

f6297542 Location:

Summary Statistics: Mean 3.6293765010316092; Max. 5.0; Min. 1.0; StDev 1.0518195765423335; Valid 479.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:Yw9TlPt7/BcWLrKGFRu5uQ==

9-4a. Int'l election monitors were restricted (1-5)[N]

f6297542 Location:

Summary Statistics: StDev 0.9790885795374598; Min. 1.0; Mean 2.2190485897184424; Valid 476.0; Max. 5.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:dopTfjloWRhAcn0wRpvQ3w==

9-4b. Int'l election monitors were restricted (1-5)[P]

f6297542 Location:

Summary Statistics: Min. 1.0; StDev 0.979088582543898; Valid 476.0; Mean 3.7809514102815576; Max. 5.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:81AqSAHWW0ymmcJ5ww6ycQ==

9-5a. Domestic election monitors were restricted (1-5)[N]

f6297542 Location:

Summary Statistics: Valid 479.0; StDev 0.9870802831991548; Min. 1.0; Mean 2.2686415671804507; Max. 5.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:CFZHMz16C+FtryhCETVDtA==

9-5b. Domestic election monitors were restricted (1-5)[P]

f6297542 Location:

Summary Statistics: StDev 0.9870802879491706; Valid 479.0; Min. 1.0; Mean 3.7313584313263224; Max. 5.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:+I4PkaRehvqfFMLF9VsVIA==

9-6. Vote count index (0-100)

f6297542 Location:

Summary Statistics: StDev 21.538253817765618; Max. 100.0; Valid 471.0; Min. 5.0; Mean 70.58598681484361

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:sC37tuPcYH/czIUszh6QmA==

9-6i. Vote count index (0-100), imputed

f6297542 Location:

Summary Statistics: Valid 479.0; StDev 20.53691218194811; Mean 67.92290420173853; Max. 100.0; Min. 13.004984855651855

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:VHjMllWBlO0xML7V0yQ32g==

VOTING RESULTS SECTION

f6297542 Location:

Summary Statistics: StDev NaN; Valid 0.0; Min. NaN; Mean NaN; Max. NaN;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:92FaeJidEqwdhkqQlH23Ig==

10-1a. Parties/candidates challenged the results (1-5)[N]

f6297542 Location:

Summary Statistics: Min. 1.0; Valid 479.0; Mean 2.9401149642741253; Max. 5.0; StDev 1.1624950565581103

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:ZOsLfW+pQalY3qaaqfXI3A==

10-1b. Parties/candidates challenged the results (1-5)[P]

f6297542 Location:

Summary Statistics: Mean 3.059885035974746; Valid 479.0; StDev 1.1624950616410152; Min. 1.0; Max. 5.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:4uTvJHRZoSPWta+L7snu1A==

10-2a. The election led to peaceful protests (1-5)[N]

f6297542 Location:

Summary Statistics: Max. 5.0; Mean 2.4317547117742966; Valid 479.0; Min. 1.0; StDev 0.9300194806288555;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:mIG4sttLjtr+IB+I7cIWeQ==

10-2b. The election led to peaceful protests (1-5)[P]

f6297542 Location:

Summary Statistics: Max. 5.0; Min. 1.0; StDev 0.9300194793420007; Mean 3.568245283994893; Valid 479.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:uXKhzjd57dWiMs/JVaycdQ==

10-3a. The election triggered violent protests (1-5)[N]

f6297542 Location:

Summary Statistics: Valid 479.0; Max. 5.0; Mean 1.8494341256474152; Min. 1.0; StDev 0.8781676682037286

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:EHoaY/vYa5gRHh1Iy7NS1g==

10-3b. The election triggered violent protests (1-5)[P]

f6297542 Location:

Summary Statistics: StDev 0.8781676732647997; Mean 4.15056586912629; Valid 479.0; Max. 5.0; Min. 1.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:1cWKXg3baP6rT6eIhVtPPQ==

10-4. Any disputes were resolved through legal channels (1-5)[P]

f6297542 Location:

Summary Statistics: Valid 475.0; Mean 3.4475383715880548; StDev 0.8828663043937923; Max. 5.0; Min. 1.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:fqy0xV9i7JmOdbZsNgFkGA==

10-5. Results index (0-100)

f6297542 Location:

Summary Statistics: Max. 100.0; Min. 0.0; StDev 18.996195948376275; Mean 65.78649524083082; Valid 474.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:Ern1vd4OjSKrvMfKsR+ajA==

10-5i. Results index (0-100), imputed

f6297542 Location:

Summary Statistics: StDev 19.56331327064747; Mean 64.09309746576999; Min. 0.0; Max. 96.21792602539062; Valid 479.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:hnawV167XqoxhU8AFkh9Uw==

ELECTORAL AUTHORITIES SECTION

f6297542 Location:

Summary Statistics: StDev NaN; Valid 0.0; Min. NaN; Mean NaN; Max. NaN

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:92FaeJidEqwdhkqQlH23Ig==

11-1. The election authorities were impartial (1-5)[P]

f6297542 Location:

Summary Statistics: StDev 1.1256641593496441; Mean 3.2292293997049826; Max. 5.0; Min. 1.0; Valid 479.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:9KALbY3gWtUEAu21ErAbfg==

11-2. The authorities distributed information to citizens (1-5)[P]

f6297542 Location:

Summary Statistics: StDev 0.7029914597111958; Mean 3.7592527331290517; Valid 479.0; Max. 5.0; Min. 1.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:9W02pYOBlrw0/Bz9TOlVTA==

11-3. The authorities allowed public scrutiny of their performance (1-5)[P]

f6297542 Location:

Summary Statistics: StDev 0.9864029972811059; Mean 3.264566044966711; Valid 479.0; Max. 5.0; Min. 1.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:0vS/FJSPuyNFeuLHoilJug==

11-4. The election authorities performed well (1-5)[P]

f6297542 Location:

Summary Statistics: Max. 5.0; Valid 479.0; Mean 3.393014121155152; Min. 1.0; StDev 1.014373877687393;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6://VoRfiLFn0t8qT+VnjKbw==

11-5. Electoral authorities index (0-100)

f6297542 Location:

Summary Statistics: Mean 63.10401494851263; StDev 22.00868305505927; Min. 0.0; Valid 478.0; Max. 100.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:L0cn/03WMbzrQgXBcbrLmA==

11-5i. Electoral authorities index (0-100), imputed

f6297542 Location:

Summary Statistics: StDev 22.495330906673217; Min. 6.25; Valid 479.0; Mean 60.363678223404854; Max. 100.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:BECID34VvX4w0ZaYFDlj+g==

GENERAL ELECTION QUESTIONS

f6297542 Location:

Summary Statistics: Mean NaN; Valid 0.0; Min. NaN; Max. NaN; StDev NaN

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:92FaeJidEqwdhkqQlH23Ig==

13-1. How familiar are you with elections in this country?

f6297542 Location:

Summary Statistics: Max. 10.0; StDev 0.8871683740860976; Min. 4.333333492279053; Mean 8.593327311235083; Valid 479.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:TtOVjoT3v/MnkTmYZQHJSw==

13-2. Which election (if more than 1) was most important

f6297542 Location:

Summary Statistics: Valid 477.0; Mean 1.885979115361961; Min. 1.0; StDev 0.8025237019794339; Max. 5.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:SmuKNHxI5BxCcVZVBfGvEg==

ORGANIZATIONAL CONFIDENCE SECTION

f6297542 Location:

Summary Statistics: Valid 0.0; StDev NaN; Mean NaN; Min. NaN; Max. NaN;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:92FaeJidEqwdhkqQlH23Ig==

14-1. Confidence in the courts (1=none - 10=a great deal)

f6297542 Location:

Summary Statistics: Valid 479.0; StDev 2.169467186736545; Mean 5.292758837622242; Min. 1.0; Max. 9.666666984558105

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:K6lNI8HbUw2nIxGTafzvxg==

14-2. Confidence in the government (1=none - 10=a great deal)

f6297542 Location:

Summary Statistics: Max. 8.875; Mean 4.738553438903394; Min. 1.0; Valid 479.0; StDev 1.7393601491521555;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:pBEw43T0L4YdWY1sWh4aLA==

14-3. Confidence in the parliament (1=none - 10=a great deal)

f6297542 Location:

Summary Statistics: Mean 4.799529314041138; Min. 1.0; Max. 9.0; StDev 1.7231864120692306; Valid 479.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:LYqGW8aeGO2Xn6+Zy4QtCQ==

14-4. Confidence in the armed forces (1=none - 10=a great deal)

f6297542 Location:

Summary Statistics: Valid 477.0; Max. 9.0; Mean 5.192165921069292; StDev 1.9013355962837342; Min. 1.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:zi86QbpdVpK6A/K5hAQmTg==

14-6. Confidence in the elect.authorities (1=none - 10=a great deal)

f6297542 Location:

Summary Statistics: Valid 479.0; Mean 5.853873077663349; Min. 1.0; Max. 9.777777671813965; StDev 2.2829863001261184

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:Vu2WWNaADa6R+kSjaNS5Qg==

EXPERT BACKGROUND SECTION

f6297542 Location:

Summary Statistics: StDev NaN; Min. NaN; Mean NaN; Max. NaN; Valid 0.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:92FaeJidEqwdhkqQlH23Ig==

15-0. International or domestic expert

f6297542 Location:

Summary Statistics: Mean 0.4745707908902458; Max. 1.0; Valid 478.0; StDev 0.3029919327889423; Min. 0.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:rysTzj9UGQcDvXsrtsWCpQ==

15-1. Employment type

f6297542 Location:

Summary Statistics: Mean 2.38208153257809; Valid 478.0; Min. 1.0; StDev 0.7375321733225112; Max. 3.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:Q+QIXRRDnrwx18WQkDFAUQ==

15-2. Works (or has worked) in the government public sector

f6297542 Location:

Summary Statistics: Mean 0.16506363521124023; Max. 1.0; StDev 0.22301748793811718; Min. 0.0; Valid 452.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:ej5/dOIDgN7mY0arrC0f1A==

15-3. Works (or has worked) in a university

f6297542 Location:

Summary Statistics: Min. 0.25; Max. 1.0; Valid 479.0; StDev 0.15745935517300483; Mean 0.8765290504581994

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:EZr9f3maYOatvcEbk1OB1g==

15-4. Works (or has worked) in private non-profit sector/NGOs

f6297542 Location:

Summary Statistics: Min. 0.0; StDev 0.24642519637634402; Valid 452.0; Mean 0.1808578971427233; Max. 1.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:u/EvxPSh7YbBEN64QLBWcA==

15-5. Works (or has worked) in an international agency

f6297542 Location:

Summary Statistics: StDev 0.18216032726417758; Mean 0.08741319326608027; Valid 442.0; Max. 1.0; Min. 0.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:Cg2+8V3NCjWnW7lCCLq+Mw==

15-6. Works (or has worked) in an private business or industry

f6297542 Location:

Summary Statistics: Max. 1.0; Mean 0.0777617973150317; StDev 0.1544313171035614; Valid 439.0; Min. 0.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:9hHf9QMG+E8O7sThKoczYA==

15-7. Most recent occupation

f6297542 Location:

Summary Statistics: Max. 6.5; Min. 3.6666666666666665; Valid 479.0; StDev 0.4070826573606779; Mean 5.743416380183992

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:V4Z6YS2RiwIPU4+jkmQuBQ==

15-8. Age group (by decade)

f6297542 Location:

Summary Statistics: Max. 5.0; Mean 3.4455499491790804; StDev 0.583777585754916; Min. 1.3333333730697632; Valid 479.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:6fxSn1ZHYt/0qE3Vz21Alw==

15-9. Sex (1=female; 0=male)

f6297542 Location:

Summary Statistics: Min. 0.0; Valid 479.0; Mean 0.2770349129793889; Max. 1.375; StDev 0.20178063810956517

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:YhnEDQMxrc+KGcUkxr4KDA==

15-10. Highest level of education

f6297542 Location:

Summary Statistics: Valid 479.0; Max. 5.5; Mean 4.984504021781969; Min. 4.375; StDev 0.084880517556595;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:nBkPyHlCPArmxiLBFFN7LA==

15-11. Were you born in this country?

f6297542 Location:

Summary Statistics: Min. 0.0; Valid 479.0; StDev 0.2913560156467875; Max. 1.0; Mean 0.5310760429907054;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:fazxwGGFg6oD8w6HD0IVMQ==

15-12. # years lived in this country

f6297542 Location:

Summary Statistics: StDev 1.0554737117803021; Mean 3.3356212982961497; Min. 0.0; Valid 479.0; Max. 5.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:6opDk19Fk7LupNmbdL/mcA==

15-13. Expert was a candidate for elected office

f6297542 Location:

Summary Statistics: Min. 0.0; StDev 0.03786448041424197; Mean 0.008937369320456067; Max. 0.3333333432674408; Valid 479.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:c4B0j/9V3GQWL0KtEnOTtw==

15-14. Expert was an elected representative

f6297542 Location:

Summary Statistics: Min. 0.0; StDev 0.053263001661212825; Mean 0.012974114287527974; Max. 0.5; Valid 479.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:XoLsr+uwr0pg6cZGNYCNxw==

15-15. Expert was an election activist

f6297542 Location:

Summary Statistics: Min. 0.0; Max. 0.3333333432674408; Mean 0.01030017677422356; StDev 0.04012255286349466; Valid 479.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:xAnUTW0pEU5OASOqcSJ99Q==

15-16. Expert was election NGO watch personnel

f6297542 Location:

Summary Statistics: Min. 0.0; Valid 479.0; StDev 0.09668573454265629; Max. 0.6666666865348816; Mean 0.04626561105951264

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:dkd8XtkqQBZ78eMgym42VQ==

15-17. Expert voted in this election

f6297542 Location:

Summary Statistics: StDev 0.2806885847879592; Mean 0.38689673632881094; Valid 479.0; Max. 1.0; Min. 0.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:6gi8hQv+qsn9bcfla5NhbA==

15-18. Expert did not participate in any role in this election

f6297542 Location:

Summary Statistics: Mean 0.38872290954833755; StDev 0.3173164682151509; Min. 0.0; Max. 1.0; Valid 479.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:xdARcIodTRXkt87rXO9Uug==

15-19. Expert was a national official electoral monitor

f6297542 Location:

Summary Statistics: Max. 0.5; StDev 0.066136501075663; Min. 0.0; Valid 479.0; Mean 0.020736067203925394

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:NHsbsrZhDJaDPLzTMNPnvQ==

15-19b. Expert was an international official electoral monitor

f6297542 Location:

Summary Statistics: Valid 479.0; StDev 0.09389570594459584; Min. 0.0; Mean 0.029091361319035707; Max. 1.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:BszaN1mMQYemmYVREKZT1Q==

15-20. Expert was an election official

f6297542 Location:

Summary Statistics: StDev 0.06611236495551392; Mean 0.02301384436670449; Min. 0.0; Valid 479.0; Max. 0.5

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:BaLsc7dVTxBxRguxo9/f8g==

15-21. Expert is a citizen of this country

f6297542 Location:

Summary Statistics: StDev 0.29778657786193297; Max. 1.0; Valid 479.0; Mean 0.574916220280114; Min. 0.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:Kna5QOJGyu05b1p8N7tnAw==

15-22. Support the winning or losing side

f6297542 Location:

Summary Statistics: Mean 4.858424856460892; StDev 1.2379414715570225; Min. 1.7999999523162842; Max. 7.0; Valid 337.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:akuNxve3t03m6ViohHl/Zg==

15-23. Political views on 10pt left/right scale

f6297542 Location:

Summary Statistics: Mean 4.329511943590168; Min. 2.0; StDev 0.8031597118402903; Max. 8.0; Valid 479.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:YXmYCpLFJfdsbc6eZpax4A==

How difficult did you find the survey?

f6297542 Location:

Summary Statistics: Max. 10.0; StDev 0.9658927631708315; Mean 8.419817754438707; Valid 143.0; Min. 5.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:lT1dv0iRnR4V0QkcpKyALA==

VIGNETTES SECTION

f6297542 Location:

Summary Statistics: Min. NaN; StDev NaN; Max. NaN; Mean NaN; Valid 0.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:92FaeJidEqwdhkqQlH23Ig==

16-1. Vignette A (Queues)

f6297542 Location:

Summary Statistics: Max. 7.666666507720947; Valid 221.0; Min. 2.0; Mean 4.553503218819113; StDev 0.9825276161496918

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:uTL6+BlQg8WsFDZWGs1Lwg==

16-2. Vignette B (Boycotts)

f6297542 Location:

Summary Statistics: Valid 221.0; Mean 7.244710134704728; StDev 1.1122840035001131; Min. 3.0; Max. 9.833333015441895

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:Yo06Kbqvr32Th6Y4px4KKQ==

16-3. Vignette C (Violence)

f6297542 Location:

Summary Statistics: Min. 3.25; Mean 7.598277620600359; StDev 1.1739524910735288; Valid 221.0; Max. 10.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:X07aG0t8PFQtKFO0Q59UWg==

16-4. Vignette D (High)

f6297542 Location:

Summary Statistics: Mean 8.567641721052283; Valid 238.0; Min. 2.0; Max. 10.0; StDev 1.2532361924179944

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:pwQXE9eR6ToLouLReJYGBQ==

16-5. Vignette E (Moderate)

f6297542 Location:

Summary Statistics: Valid 238.0; Max. 8.5; Mean 5.316995349250922; StDev 1.0299884469191625; Min. 1.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:Kcm/ASgtBdtv95iPBankyA==

16-6. Vignette F (Low)

f6297542 Location:

Summary Statistics: Valid 238.0; Max. 7.0; StDev 1.169147137046857; Mean 2.6671808246804884; Min. 1.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:bXLtCraGL5kBbPMQ4klzkg==

ROTATING YEARLY SECTION

f6297542 Location:

Summary Statistics: Valid 0.0; Mean NaN; StDev NaN; Max. NaN; Min. NaN;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:92FaeJidEqwdhkqQlH23Ig==

17-1. Voters were bribed (1-5)[N]

f6297542 Location:

Summary Statistics: Min. 1.0; Mean 2.935651366959517; StDev 1.0905328126496057; Valid 297.0; Max. 5.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:tm950/SBW/jd30SAx1YZmw==

17-1b. Voters were bribed (Reversed coding)

f6297542 Location:

Summary Statistics: Min. 1.0; StDev 1.0905328103213554; Mean 3.064348621400518; Max. 5.0; Valid 297.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:fLfZUG19d022WACW8lV7+Q==

17-2. People were free to vote without feeling pressured (1-5)[P]

f6297542 Location:

Summary Statistics: Mean 3.4964227754561628; Valid 61.0; StDev 0.8476862575060633; Max. 5.0; Min. 1.5;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:CgGeCjh4FyfkkZUZeYnOiw==

17-3. Some voters feared becoming victims of political violence (1-5)[N]

f6297542 Location:

Summary Statistics: Mean 2.58265878137995; Min. 1.0; StDev 0.994936219488665; Valid 61.0; Max. 4.75

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:+FDdy/27M6Ruz3lXkHdt/A==

17-3b. Some voters feared becoming victims of political violence (Reversed codin

f6297542 Location:

Summary Statistics: Valid 61.0; Min. 1.25; StDev 0.9949362295981267; Mean 3.4173412225285515; Max. 5.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:d8N8aYZhEUEOnN77j+7FUA==

17-4. The process kept the ballot confidential (1-5)[P]

f6297542 Location:

Summary Statistics: Valid 105.0; Max. 5.0; Mean 3.8087482463745843; StDev 0.7461049030047844; Min. 1.75;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:6dhHY6JdYyvm8HfQeW2xew==

17-5. Elections were free and fair(1-5)[P]

f6297542 Location:

Summary Statistics: Mean 3.3089343641625075; Valid 61.0; Min. 1.0; StDev 1.1665306340198531; Max. 5.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:J8NrS3LQo+8JbMqY3Ovq4Q==

17-6. Some people received cash, gifts or personal favors in exchange for their

f6297542 Location:

Summary Statistics: Max. 4.55555534362793; Mean 3.2180886757178384; Min. 1.0; Valid 61.0; StDev 0.9871317586500483;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:vRFm2GKajlybQ95r3uhZwA==

17-6b. Some people received cash, gifts or personal favors in exchange for their

f6297542 Location:

Summary Statistics: Min. 1.4444444179534912; Mean 2.7819113184194095; StDev 0.987131759348391; Max. 5.0; Valid 61.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:noyCnWR7YqkdZjRzS4QOGQ==

17-7. Politicians offered patronage to their supporters (1-5)[N]

f6297542 Location:

Summary Statistics: Mean 3.5286224904607555; StDev 0.8137840190273554; Valid 61.0; Max. 4.599999904632568; Min. 1.454545497894287

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:HzvwJ2kp/9Odg4xFGVsyGg==

17-7b. Politicians offered patronage to their supporters (Reversed coding)

f6297542 Location:

Summary Statistics: Mean 2.4713775310360018; Max. 4.545454502105713; Valid 61.0; StDev 0.8137840103525885; Min. 1.399999976158142;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:SRERsdJ6kxU2hzg6TIPYfQ==

18-1. Voting results were subject to a post-election audit (1-5)[P]

f6297542 Location:

Summary Statistics: StDev 0.7145330451000359; Min. 1.5; Mean 2.7725267687509225; Max. 4.0; Valid 43.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:SAB4P1H5bCUm1wyjm3HpCA==

18-2. Official election records were safe from hacking (1-5)[P]

f6297542 Location:

Summary Statistics: Max. 4.666666507720947; Min. 1.600000023841858; Mean 3.5513198375701904; StDev 0.8843991671119114; Valid 42.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:G4kmePEOxXN2IvLUN9bc8w==

18-4. Most news media reporting about the campaign was factually accurate (1-5)[

f6297542 Location:

Summary Statistics: Max. 4.400000095367432; StDev 0.6860623076850441; Mean 3.2768799012357537; Valid 44.0; Min. 1.4444444179534912

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:curtISUNKd/Fh+KvXPc7ew==

18-5. Most news media reporting about the government's record was true to the fa

f6297542 Location:

Summary Statistics: StDev 0.7234468714928658; Mean 3.092981043187055; Valid 44.0; Max. 4.294117450714111; Min. 1.3333333730697632

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:pybuLPMWhRd1G6LQstOXBg==

18-6. Much news was fake (1-5)[N]

f6297542 Location:

Summary Statistics: Max. 4.5; StDev 0.6970736597922393; Min. 1.0; Mean 2.6811185555170045; Valid 149.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:cIqMtRhEStmS4eDvqRqLWw==

18-6b. Much news was fake (1-5)[P]

f6297542 Location:

Summary Statistics: Max. 5.0; Min. 1.5; Mean 3.3188814404826834; StDev 0.6970736569719269; Valid 149.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:SyFk+cGXZLpNa+KUngEdAw==

19-1. Campaign media spread hate speech (1-5)[N]

f6297542 Location:

Summary Statistics: Min. 1.0; Max. 4.666666507720947; Valid 105.0; StDev 0.7673712271864745; Mean 3.01257510412307

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:w76Pag6CrVMm3xSB+0pkpQ==

19-1b. Campaign media spread hate speech (1-5)[P]

f6297542 Location:

Summary Statistics: Valid 105.0; Min. 1.3333333730697632; StDev 0.7673712249748877; Max. 5.0; Mean 2.9874248924709503

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:v0XFG2HDaVPXnNLJYVUAcQ==

19-2. Campaign media allowed informed voting choices (1-5)[P]

f6297542 Location:

Summary Statistics: Min. 1.0; Max. 4.800000190734863; Mean 3.1956800097510927; Valid 105.0; StDev 0.8295318359255064;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:lFzBjgN2b4N5Gz/DQG1KDg==

19-3. Foreign interests interfered in the campaign (1-5)[N]

f6297542 Location:

Summary Statistics: Max. 4.875; StDev 0.8477026458968463; Valid 105.0; Mean 2.8236780041740053; Min. 1.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:EBaHcBjtJczvjqclZHj0Hw==

19-3b. Foreign interests interfered in the campaign (1-5)[P]

f6297542 Location:

Summary Statistics: Valid 105.0; Mean 3.1763219890140353; Max. 5.0; Min. 1.125; StDev 0.8477026307942824

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:75jYA/PdRi3Sr0Lcw6HZZw==

19-4. Media watch groups monitored campaign news (1-5)[P]

f6297542 Location:

Summary Statistics: Valid 105.0; Mean 3.4421527794429236; Min. 1.0; Max. 4.5714287757873535; StDev 0.608933352315877

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:0v2z4dBSZjyuzH7iyEO6PQ==

19-5. Cyberattacks on official voting records occurred during the election (1-5)

f6297542 Location:

Summary Statistics: StDev 0.6702766458943896; Valid 104.0; Max. 4.0; Min. 1.0; Mean 2.0242183873286614;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:GP3jp65qh+UfRDEIyaoq/Q==

19-5b. Cyberattacks on official voting records occurred during the election (1-5

f6297542 Location:

Summary Statistics: Min. 2.0; StDev 0.6702766489892623; Max. 5.0; Valid 104.0; Mean 3.9757816149638248

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:T0o1eCjxtH4begfqz6vp2g==

19-6. Campaign news generally reflected the diversity of views and interests in

f6297542 Location:

Summary Statistics: StDev 0.8441378024471533; Valid 105.0; Max. 5.0; Min. 1.0; Mean 3.1177053303945628

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:Ovh3zrS9JWJdAG7rNptYHQ==

19-7. Campaign news generally maintained high journalistic standards (1-5)[P]

f6297542 Location:

Summary Statistics: StDev 0.7740463849935009; Valid 105.0; Mean 2.769023135730199; Min. 1.0; Max. 4.5

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:g26eq2bhBXRGrLsgbcBXXw==

19-8. Journalists were often highly partisan in their campaign reporting (1-5)[N

f6297542 Location:

Summary Statistics: Valid 105.0; Max. 5.0; Min. 1.5; StDev 0.7301698777501772; Mean 3.373078631219409

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:znIhXEnvubThgjYi2v0tow==

19-8b. Journalists were often highly partisan in their campaign reporting (1-5)[

f6297542 Location:

Summary Statistics: StDev 0.7301698683523666; Mean 2.6269213778632023; Max. 4.5; Valid 105.0; Min. 1.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:WYiZ4/Bu1Qa6E41/bEZG8w==

19-9. Social media often contained fake news (1-5)[N]

f6297542 Location:

Summary Statistics: StDev 0.6617084669848506; Min. 1.0; Max. 5.0; Valid 105.0; Mean 3.5022212323688326

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:w8sRn8c9iLNtEUBAaZxSig==

19-9b. Social media often contained fake news (1-5)[P]

f6297542 Location:

Summary Statistics: Max. 5.0; Mean 2.4977787653605144; StDev 0.6617084694054227; Valid 105.0; Min. 1.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:1dGp3TZm3njiXcR2OMeHww==

Country name

f6297547 Location:

Variable Format: character

Notes: UNF:6:EAsWo+DLk/PylsHmRi9LVA==

ISO country code

f6297547 Location:

Variable Format: character

Notes: UNF:6:8GsxIO/yKEc6XdlmJkLKFw==

Election Code

f6297547 Location:

Variable Format: character

Notes: UNF:6:LpDYOMTMglNuWgRJV8wpqw==

Year

f6297547 Location:

Summary Statistics: Min. 2012.0; Mean 2016.6492693110647; Valid 479.0; Max. 2021.0; StDev 2.6619420837886842

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:DlneH2Bv7NYgBL8r+Qa+lw==

Election date

f6297547 Location:

Variable Format: character

Notes: UNF:6:Fdn7GeQZmk2KXR2LAe3DkQ==

what government body was this election for?

f6297547 Location:

Summary Statistics: Mean 0.39874739039665974; StDev 0.4901525004646983; Valid 479.0; Min. 0.0; Max. 1.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:PRneF1KPXKZvc7jXGITSiQ==

Number of PEI expert responses, by country

f6297547 Location:

Summary Statistics: Min. 2.0; Valid 479.0; Max. 43.0; StDev 6.353349311593597; Mean 9.582463465553229

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:bHt9RT9AK/TTa5tU6X3KVQ==

Number of PEI experts invited, by election/country

f6297547 Location:

Summary Statistics: Max. 285.0; Min. 20.0; Mean 41.69519832985386; Valid 479.0; StDev 15.211445464847808;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:366NSR/QHt+dIFuHsKjtmg==

COUNTRY DATA SECTION

f6297547 Location:

Summary Statistics: Max. NaN; Mean NaN; StDev NaN; Min. NaN; Valid 0.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:92FaeJidEqwdhkqQlH23Ig==

Freedom House Political Rights Scale

f6297547 Location:

Summary Statistics: Max. 7.0; StDev 2.1045954564678295; Mean 3.263598326359832; Min. 1.0; Valid 478.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:r4+gflWgAlJqb0I/dDbtbg==

Freedom House Civil Liberties Scale

f6297547 Location:

Summary Statistics: Valid 478.0; StDev 1.8113776784940916; Min. 1.0; Mean 3.2092050209205025; Max. 7.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:qg0rjOztDHbEKFqWhx4SzQ==

Freedom House category (Free,Partially Free, Not Free)

f6297547 Location:

Summary Statistics: Valid 478.0; Min. 0.0; StDev 0.7961673452799546; Max. 2.0; Mean 1.2447698744769877

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:vkbqPybR8wNf5X1IkDUJAQ==

World Bank income level (Low, lower-middle, upper-middle, high)

f6297547 Location:

Summary Statistics: Min. 1.0; Max. 4.0; StDev 1.02507743673578; Valid 478.0; Mean 2.767782426778242

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:/SyFnPQHPV8rH7Xp+C2MzA==

GDP per capita, PPP, current international $

f6297547 Location:

Summary Statistics: Mean 19390.396186440685; StDev 17952.694231202488; Valid 472.0; Max. 98520.0; Min. 699.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:xCUXfqGjZ4T/kUwCBz5VHQ==

Geographic region (UN classification, 1-5)

f6297547 Location:

Variable Format: character

Notes: UNF:6:dur7221vP/qTUxuBJRyUaQ==

Geographic region (World Bank classification, 1-9)

f6297547 Location:

Summary Statistics: Valid 479.0; StDev 2.558918667009184; Max. 9.0; Min. 1.0; Mean 4.870563674321504

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:KS4V+T/2raiM6WdTHmEhvw==

OECD country (0/1)

f6297547 Location:

Summary Statistics: Min. 0.0; Max. 1.0; StDev 0.4288452480596122; Mean 0.24217118997912326; Valid 479.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:sD1BVAlKRuDqaFi5krAORQ==

OVERALL INTEGRITY SECTION

f6297547 Location:

Summary Statistics: StDev NaN; Valid 0.0; Mean NaN; Min. NaN; Max. NaN;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:92FaeJidEqwdhkqQlH23Ig==

PEI index of electoral integrity, (0-100), raw

f6297547 Location:

Summary Statistics: Valid 333.0; Max. 95.0; Min. 4.0; Mean 55.885885885885884; StDev 18.06661565973488;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:ZrTsXDd7YvG+mExeLHweSg==

PEI Index (raw individual), low ci

f6297547 Location:

Summary Statistics: Max. 89.0; Valid 193.0; Mean 51.63730569948187; Min. 5.0; StDev 18.101365538809567

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:aTQihRLg7ToDb2WqPAQbvw==

PEI Index (raw individual), high ci

f6297547 Location:

Summary Statistics: Mean 61.85492227979275; Max. 93.0; StDev 15.407306475580661; Valid 193.0; Min. 17.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:g35mMnIYE482nj+6CgKC6Q==

PEI index of electoral integrity, (0-100), imputed

f6297547 Location:

Summary Statistics: Max. 88.0; StDev 16.011667176951363; Mean 55.58368200836819; Min. 9.0; Valid 478.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:ImEL4GpQAmzMXqrMbjrRTg==

PEI Index (imputed), low ci

f6297547 Location:

Summary Statistics: Valid 473.0; StDev 17.435687486369282; Mean 49.323467230443974; Min. -1.0; Max. 86.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:V1k43MKCYy9QR5M26hhfTg==

PEI Index (imputed), high ci

f6297547 Location:

Summary Statistics: StDev 15.197855119369105; Mean 62.07822410147992; Max. 95.0; Valid 473.0; Min. 17.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:5F8927LdiGkvL+1o1Ykdsw==

Descriptive type of electoral integrity (Very Low to Very High)

f6297547 Location:

Variable Format: character

Notes: UNF:6:Jv4iGNnrh5kJYubE8NgFyA==

Rate electoral integrity of the election (1=very poor->10=very good)

f6297547 Location:

Summary Statistics: Min. 1.0; Max. 10.0; Mean 6.315904139433552; Valid 459.0; StDev 2.3462289262126097

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:oG5nka0qUrhASq15FhEjvw==

Rating, low ci

f6297547 Location:

Summary Statistics: Mean 5.326797385620916; Min. -1.0; Max. 10.0; StDev 2.6740628657437067; Valid 459.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:JYbhKL0O91PKHK5wblTWsA==

Rating, high ci

f6297547 Location:

Summary Statistics: Mean 7.215686274509803; Max. 11.0; StDev 2.2736611583376867; Min. 1.0; Valid 459.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:1/Vfo6XDoADDgWc515tKMw==

ELECTORAL LAWS SECTION

f6297547 Location:

Summary Statistics: Max. NaN; Valid 0.0; Mean NaN; StDev NaN; Min. NaN;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:92FaeJidEqwdhkqQlH23Ig==

1-1a. Electoral laws were unfair to smaller parties (1-5)[N]

f6297547 Location:

Summary Statistics: StDev 0.9666966600500717; Mean 3.048319327731092; Min. 1.0; Max. 5.0; Valid 476.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:+jbomQBE+0NNzE0g89ZlVg==

1-1b. Electoral laws were unfair to smaller parties (1-5)[P]

f6297547 Location:

Summary Statistics: Max. 5.0; Min. 1.0; Valid 476.0; Mean 3.0504201680672267; StDev 0.943442649880451;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:3anu3NMb1fpgju8C8cFIyg==

1-2a. Electoral laws favored the governing party or parties (1-5)[N]

f6297547 Location:

Summary Statistics: StDev 1.089949846053604; Max. 5.0; Min. 1.0; Mean 3.115062761506276; Valid 478.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:T9osmm6kFgUBPUNOu9vgxQ==

1-2b. Electoral laws favored the governing party or parties (1-5)[P]

f6297547 Location:

Summary Statistics: Mean 2.9707112970711296; Max. 5.0; Min. 1.0; StDev 1.0831179835876878; Valid 478.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:4uz0X73ULNecdOChqTVdDw==

1-3a. Elections laws restricted citizens' rights (1-5)[N]

f6297547 Location:

Summary Statistics: StDev 1.038795501794482; Max. 5.0; Mean 2.563674321503131; Valid 479.0; Min. 1.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:zZu4wxv2POZh80W7hfC+mw==

1-3b. Elections laws restricted citizens' rights (1-5)[P]

f6297547 Location:

Summary Statistics: Max. 5.0; Min. 1.0; Mean 3.5344467640918587; Valid 479.0; StDev 1.0260025491910951

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:uD3RKBWKmQki+7u+7mCRzA==

1-4. Electoral laws index (0-100)

f6297547 Location:

Summary Statistics: StDev 22.078950457342867; Min. 0.0; Max. 99.0; Valid 475.0; Mean 57.37684210526315;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:npjS4dE3Tn0+QZVlaCx0yQ==

1-4i. Electoral laws index (0-100), imputed

f6297547 Location:

Summary Statistics: StDev 22.401807666211944; Min. 0.0; Mean 52.995824634655534; Valid 479.0; Max. 99.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:1tzR4V8Ua9nhub0Gt7wJZA==

ELECTORAL PROCEDURES SECTION

f6297547 Location:

Summary Statistics: Min. NaN; Valid 0.0; StDev NaN; Max. NaN; Mean NaN

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:92FaeJidEqwdhkqQlH23Ig==

2-1. Elections were well managed (1-5)[P]

f6297547 Location:

Summary Statistics: Mean 3.5323590814196244; Valid 479.0; StDev 0.9908033533535952; Max. 5.0; Min. 1.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:fmglllM7V0f3LChMjE7d3w==

2-2. Information about voting procedures was widely available (1-5)[P]

f6297547 Location:

Summary Statistics: Mean 3.8413361169102296; Max. 5.0; Valid 479.0; Min. 1.0; StDev 0.8104205541909617;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:8ZUWHZ96QYX7OP2hP5amkQ==

2-3. Election officials were fair (1-5)[P]

f6297547 Location:

Summary Statistics: Min. 1.0; StDev 1.1274740975693072; Max. 5.0; Mean 3.5156576200417535; Valid 479.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:XqBpsKkD1n3GrBOIeO4woQ==

2-4. Elections were conducted in accordance with the law (1-5)[P]

f6297547 Location:

Summary Statistics: StDev 1.0236415388125544; Valid 479.0; Mean 3.7620041753653446; Max. 5.0; Min. 1.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:ih/IXHeip7kzYejqHyyhDg==

2-5. Electoral procedures index (0-100)

f6297547 Location:

Summary Statistics: Min. 0.0; Max. 100.0; Mean 67.57620041753654; StDev 21.31252645416142; Valid 479.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:Z+BIRofogjCEzRarCvQgqw==

2-5i. Electoral procedures index (0-100), imputed

f6297547 Location:

Summary Statistics: StDev 21.772578173755218; Min. 0.0; Valid 479.0; Max. 100.0; Mean 65.07098121085595

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:YHEA+WzugYExVryPWCAJFA==

BOUNDARIES FOR VOTING DISTRICTS SECTION

f6297547 Location:

Summary Statistics: Valid 0.0; Mean NaN; StDev NaN; Min. NaN; Max. NaN

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:92FaeJidEqwdhkqQlH23Ig==

3-1a. Boundaries discriminated against some parties (1-5)[N]

f6297547 Location:

Summary Statistics: Valid 463.0; Min. 1.0; StDev 0.9958728517753311; Mean 2.8336933045356374; Max. 5.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:kqHMdD0hQu3XDW/coYloMA==

3-1b. Boundaries discriminated against some parties (1-5)[P]

f6297547 Location:

Summary Statistics: Valid 463.0; Mean 3.285097192224622; Min. 1.0; Max. 5.0; StDev 0.9873300945689112;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:ukR0Im0aAXGmHVsIqcnOKA==

3-2a. Boundaries favored incumbents (1-5)[N]

f6297547 Location:

Summary Statistics: Valid 466.0; Min. 1.0; Mean 2.772532188841202; StDev 1.0052426145042879; Max. 5.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:SE0iS00X6lyq0y9dpY3Z8w==

3-2b. Boundaries favored incumbents (1-5)[P]

f6297547 Location:

Summary Statistics: Valid 466.0; Min. 1.0; Max. 5.0; StDev 1.0007334981230191; Mean 3.3476394849785414

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:6kN3VUZMVmx4563gea+OCA==

3-3. Boundaries were impartial (1-5)[P]

f6297547 Location:

Summary Statistics: Min. 1.0; StDev 0.8734768159695936; Mean 3.1300639658848612; Valid 469.0; Max. 5.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:U2SG1Wl4qEKdQ26O0aJj6w==

3-4. Voting district boundaries index (0-100)

f6297547 Location:

Summary Statistics: Mean 58.32034632034633; Min. 0.0; StDev 19.564044045201356; Max. 100.0; Valid 462.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:t/pYjlMMfy3FxMSVkDg7CQ==

3-4i. Voting district boundaries index (0-100), imputed

f6297547 Location:

Summary Statistics: Valid 478.0; StDev 14.951028803482776; Mean 54.483263598326374; Max. 86.0; Min. 8.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:N3gEb+g1SeSSdp7sKna3Uw==

VOTER REGISTRATION SECTION

f6297547 Location:

Summary Statistics: Mean NaN; Min. NaN; Max. NaN; StDev NaN; Valid 0.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:92FaeJidEqwdhkqQlH23Ig==

4-1a. Some citizens were not listed in the register (1-5)[N]

f6297547 Location:

Summary Statistics: Valid 477.0; Mean 3.1488469601677145; Min. 1.0; Max. 5.0; StDev 1.1023579252843276

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:TSmhPh0J30tFeh0nqPs9xQ==

4-1b. Some citizens were not listed in the register (1-5)[P]

f6297547 Location:

Summary Statistics: Mean 2.962264150943396; Max. 5.0; StDev 1.062461818114722; Min. 1.0; Valid 477.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:97rZxZomv5s9Akuci4zt3A==

4-2a. The electoral register was inaccurate (1-5)[N]

f6297547 Location:

Summary Statistics: StDev 1.0654911332676682; Mean 2.916492693110647; Min. 1.0; Valid 479.0; Max. 5.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:g6/BvcnI5KTjtTOGpe2FuA==

4-2b. The electoral register was inaccurate (1-5)[P]

f6297547 Location:

Summary Statistics: Max. 5.0; Min. 1.0; Mean 3.1878914405010437; StDev 1.0461023198062365; Valid 479.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:etaAulGisTRZyVYwfsVXnA==

4-3a. Some ineligible electors were registered (1-5)[N]

f6297547 Location:

Summary Statistics: Max. 5.0; Valid 472.0; Mean 2.7987288135593222; StDev 1.0219244545685853; Min. 1.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:Kn+lITVNXL1q3T+ynhHIjw==

4-3b. Some ineligible electors were registered (1-5)[P]

f6297547 Location:

Summary Statistics: Max. 5.0; Min. 1.0; Mean 3.3220338983050843; StDev 1.010613367658934; Valid 472.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:2/Ls2H4w5yZ8hpk9EGO2bQ==

4-4. Voter registration index (0-100)

f6297547 Location:

Summary Statistics: StDev 22.716146049059937; Max. 100.0; Mean 57.01061571125266; Min. 0.0; Valid 471.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:PY6HKz2frAuk/Ltkv6oSuw==

4-4i. Voter registration index (0-100), imputed

f6297547 Location:

Summary Statistics: Max. 100.0; Valid 479.0; StDev 21.633721926005464; Mean 52.1544885177453; Min. 0.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:WKJiSRqMmrm0ODmRj2orzA==

PARTY AND CANDIDATE REGISTRATION SECTION

f6297547 Location:

Summary Statistics: Min. NaN; Max. NaN; StDev NaN; Valid 0.0; Mean NaN

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:92FaeJidEqwdhkqQlH23Ig==

5-1a. Some opposition candidates were prevented from running (1-5)[N]

f6297547 Location:

Summary Statistics: Max. 5.0; StDev 1.2236014092838645; Valid 479.0; Min. 1.0; Mean 2.5135699373695197

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:3rhJvV8KBzhREtk4rfgyUA==

5-1b. Some opposition candidates were prevented from running (1-5)[P]

f6297547 Location:

Summary Statistics: StDev 1.219837028434582; Valid 479.0; Min. 1.0; Mean 3.5720250521920662; Max. 5.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:+gNFSY+UB4qhbHgb0AqxLw==

5-2. Women had equal opportunities to run for office (1-5)[P]

f6297547 Location:

Summary Statistics: Valid 479.0; StDev 0.7811680552494369; Min. 1.0; Max. 5.0; Mean 3.511482254697286

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:Yi2mU6q05R/SmBQmBLmXHQ==

5-3. Ethnic and national minorities had equal opportunities to run for office (1

f6297547 Location:

Summary Statistics: Max. 5.0; Mean 3.4321503131524005; StDev 0.7995093751526698; Valid 479.0; Min. 1.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:zzJ4D0WrWIYC5To0Wp68wA==

5-4a. Only top party leaders selected candidates (1-5)[N]

f6297547 Location:

Summary Statistics: Min. 1.0; StDev 0.8753857611271382; Max. 5.0; Valid 477.0; Mean 3.215932914046122;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:DcTZ5q1toML6nXCpllXt+g==

5-4b. Only top party leaders selected candidates (1-5)[P]

f6297547 Location:

Summary Statistics: Min. 1.0; Mean 2.872117400419287; Max. 5.0; Valid 477.0; StDev 0.8711037640263053;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:DMNnxL4AULNH6OmWb/e6+w==

5-5a. Some parties/candidates were restricted from holding campaign rallies (1-5

f6297547 Location:

Summary Statistics: Min. 1.0; StDev 1.1711527571515503; Mean 2.7244258872651357; Valid 479.0; Max. 5.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:/5az3A2KBsgN/a4IZbFGXQ==

5-5b. Some parties/candidates were restricted from holding campaign rallies (1-5

f6297547 Location:

Summary Statistics: Valid 479.0; StDev 1.1504362057310327; Max. 5.0; Min. 1.0; Mean 3.3966597077244263

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:Vjr1JmVRATpxEX7/1Fe54A==

5-6. Party and candidate registration index (0-100)

f6297547 Location:

Summary Statistics: Min. 0.0; StDev 18.127744711402503; Mean 60.85443037974684; Valid 474.0; Max. 95.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:jI+K/TwufnpWzMOByivZLQ==

5-6i. Party and candidate registration index (0-100), imputed

f6297547 Location:

Summary Statistics: Mean 57.34029227557411; Min. 0.0; StDev 18.002878219389775; Max. 95.0; Valid 479.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:IE3F36qftsK0ScR1ZlT2Jg==

MEDIA COVERAGE SECTION

f6297547 Location:

Summary Statistics: Valid 0.0; Mean NaN; Max. NaN; StDev NaN; Min. NaN;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:92FaeJidEqwdhkqQlH23Ig==

6-1. Newspapers provided balanced election news (1-5)[P]

f6297547 Location:

Summary Statistics: StDev 0.8045628561992908; Max. 5.0; Min. 1.0; Mean 2.782881002087682; Valid 479.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:7dFHB+Z6lg7cWUbi3fpkSw==

6-2a. TV news favored the governing party (1-5)[N]

f6297547 Location:

Summary Statistics: Mean 3.298538622129436; Valid 479.0; StDev 1.0003231455243544; Min. 1.0; Max. 5.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:WHlC8BJlTC2SooC0z4vsJg==

6-2b. TV news favored the governing party (1-5)[P]

f6297547 Location:

Summary Statistics: Mean 2.8079331941544883; Max. 5.0; Min. 1.0; Valid 479.0; StDev 1.0107475317474173;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:osJYeHd3avYPWl+uvgl9jg==

6-3. Parties/candidates had fair access to political broadcasts and advertising

f6297547 Location:

Summary Statistics: Mean 2.908141962421711; Max. 5.0; Min. 1.0; StDev 0.8962476943319329; Valid 479.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:tdNJfAhy2PyX9dTlwttILQ==

6-4. Journalists provided fair coverage of the elections (1-5)[P]

f6297547 Location:

Summary Statistics: Mean 2.924843423799582; Max. 4.0; Valid 479.0; StDev 0.7886410684505551; Min. 1.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:Vf2f9DAXdFaFAgoPz0E8+A==

6-5. Social media were used to expose electoral fraud (1-5)[P]

f6297547 Location:

Summary Statistics: Max. 5.0; Mean 3.3375262054507338; Min. 1.0; Valid 477.0; StDev 0.7947547067836043;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:p4leBo0pAuObIkT85SXflw==

6-6. Media coverage index (0-100)

f6297547 Location:

Summary Statistics: Max. 90.0; Mean 50.51789473684211; Min. 8.0; Valid 475.0; StDev 14.770865803031812;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:idgcmNoxtKopCR0LbPHLzA==

6-6i. Media coverage index (0-100), imputed

f6297547 Location:

Summary Statistics: StDev 13.969863066602782; Max. 78.0; Mean 47.70772442588728; Min. 9.0; Valid 479.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:O9ISRgkgch0DAnc0fqHDRg==

CAMPAIGN FINANCE SECTION

f6297547 Location:

Summary Statistics: Valid 0.0; Max. NaN; StDev NaN; Min. NaN; Mean NaN

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:92FaeJidEqwdhkqQlH23Ig==

7-1. Parties/candidates had equitable access to public political subsidies(1-5)[

f6297547 Location:

Summary Statistics: StDev 0.959832874637654; Min. 1.0; Valid 475.0; Max. 5.0; Mean 2.751578947368421;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:syahGTNh+zYJQz6w/3XS8g==

7-2. Parties/candidates had equitable access to political donations(1-5)[P]

f6297547 Location:

Summary Statistics: Mean 2.4873949579831933; Max. 4.0; Min. 1.0; Valid 476.0; StDev 0.7932934278229958

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:akS0mLrtnwCNipU4IHYCmA==

7-3. Parties/candidates publish transparent financial accounts(1-5)[P]

f6297547 Location:

Summary Statistics: Valid 478.0; Max. 5.0; Mean 2.1652719665271967; StDev 0.8240915392615688; Min. 1.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:tP0kspy79O7NIBLbsKcMng==

7-4a. Rich people buy elections (1-5)[N]

f6297547 Location:

Summary Statistics: Mean 3.1401673640167362; Min. 1.0; Valid 478.0; Max. 5.0; StDev 0.9379141702727852;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:9Yb1y8cAQlGy/ZhFQgOmsQ==

7-4b. Rich people buy elections (1-5)[P]

f6297547 Location:

Summary Statistics: Mean 2.9435146443514646; Min. 1.0; StDev 0.9422250477808323; Max. 5.0; Valid 478.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:nQcvBzn0jERsIvxHv18zHA==

7-5a. Some state resources were improperly used for campaigning (1-5)[N]

f6297547 Location:

Summary Statistics: Min. 1.0; StDev 0.9757366008324708; Max. 5.0; Valid 479.0; Mean 3.617954070981211

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:UMcbbJWzejHjyVIDxk2FaQ==

7-5b. Some state resources were improperly used for campaigning (1-5)[P]

f6297547 Location:

Summary Statistics: Max. 5.0; Valid 479.0; Min. 1.0; StDev 0.9720277815236263; Mean 2.4843423799582465

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:7tyJaZm5CZSK9PxRhDQe3g==

7-6. Campaign finance index (0-100)

f6297547 Location:

Summary Statistics: Mean 42.038379530916856; Min. 0.0; Valid 469.0; Max. 90.0; StDev 18.387409128599014

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:4Tr2h67551elgxSubBa/bA==

7-6i. Campaign finance index (0-100), imputed

f6297547 Location:

Summary Statistics: Max. 82.0; Min. 0.0; StDev 17.5126794203288; Mean 38.21085594989561; Valid 479.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:vArsvLMBXDhSpZ3CPn6VoA==

VOTING PROCESS SECTION

f6297547 Location:

Summary Statistics: StDev NaN; Mean NaN; Max. NaN; Valid 0.0; Min. NaN

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:92FaeJidEqwdhkqQlH23Ig==

8-1a. Some voters were threatened with violence at the polls(1-5)[N]

f6297547 Location:

Summary Statistics: Valid 477.0; Max. 5.0; Min. 1.0; Mean 2.408805031446541; StDev 1.1088670678184462;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:ZrlVlVjJv16Dg0z7gbpC1Q==

8-1b. Some voters were threatened with violence at the polls (1-5)[P]

f6297547 Location:

Summary Statistics: Max. 5.0; StDev 1.0870291630808369; Valid 477.0; Mean 3.6876310272536683; Min. 1.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:q4PgWV/hx+IA1XFCyDd/Zw==

8-2a. Some fraudulent votes were cast (1-5)[N]

f6297547 Location:

Summary Statistics: Max. 5.0; Valid 477.0; Mean 2.960167714884696; StDev 1.1669856185906902; Min. 1.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:YNJxI6Yx6ZSS+KAbb2WaoQ==

8-2b. Some fraudulent votes were cast (1-5)[P]

f6297547 Location:

Summary Statistics: StDev 1.1458904173527862; Valid 477.0; Max. 5.0; Mean 3.144654088050314; Min. 1.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:6ypaTpkcmGI+X7Ny8UlV2Q==

8-3. The process of voting was easy (1-1)[Y]

f6297547 Location:

Summary Statistics: StDev 0.7033134203257317; Min. 1.0; Mean 3.926931106471817; Max. 5.0; Valid 479.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:tP9ql1td1S5HTR11ApgTTQ==

8-4. Voters were offered a genuine choice at the ballot box (1-5)[P]

f6297547 Location:

Summary Statistics: Valid 479.0; StDev 0.9647846802796187; Max. 5.0; Mean 3.7453027139874737; Min. 1.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:oa7xsgNRSoB6pJ6t1b2CsA==

8-5. Postal ballots were available (1-5)[P]

f6297547 Location:

Summary Statistics: Valid 471.0; Mean 2.8025477707006368; Min. 1.0; Max. 5.0; StDev 1.2086892343635305

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:1jXbki24msbd3lP3gapT4Q==

8-6. Special voting facilities were available for the disabled (1-5)[P]

f6297547 Location:

Summary Statistics: Mean 3.309978768577495; Max. 5.0; Valid 471.0; StDev 0.9506359571110902; Min. 1.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:67KT7akgqEbM9nB44g3zjQ==

8-7. National citizens living abroad could vote (1-5)[P]

f6297547 Location:

Summary Statistics: StDev 1.2001998501137996; Mean 3.370526315789474; Min. 1.0; Max. 5.0; Valid 475.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:idAjqlUUKCuPZwJTugA2DA==

8-8. Some form of internet voting was available (1-5)[P]

f6297547 Location:

Summary Statistics: StDev 0.6501847162526114; Valid 477.0; Min. 1.0; Max. 5.0; Mean 1.492662473794549;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:fshGPGpQ43g2HJpw2837SQ==

8-9. Voting process index (0-100)

f6297547 Location:

Summary Statistics: Mean 56.39777777777778; StDev 16.644976086006757; Min. 0.0; Valid 450.0; Max. 96.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:Pp/vB3PBMsp8tsiZML5viA==

8-9i. Voting process index (0-100), imputed

f6297547 Location:

Summary Statistics: Valid 478.0; Max. 92.0; StDev 15.183667462784248; Min. 0.0; Mean 53.78242677824268;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:oQo5dhPB1lsHmM17T94STg==

THE VOTE COUNT SECTION

f6297547 Location:

Summary Statistics: Valid 0.0; Min. NaN; StDev NaN; Mean NaN; Max. NaN;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:92FaeJidEqwdhkqQlH23Ig==

9-1. Ballot boxes were secure (1-5)[P]

f6297547 Location:

Summary Statistics: Mean 3.763598326359832; StDev 0.9759010359819964; Max. 5.0; Valid 478.0; Min. 1.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:pnf6hZt/bo38QtsOwqC8fQ==

9-2. The results were announced without undue delay (1-5)[P]

f6297547 Location:

Summary Statistics: Mean 3.7891440501043845; Min. 1.0; StDev 0.9763988453227398; Valid 479.0; Max. 5.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:GUgH1lhaNRAk1wbj00vGqw==

9-3. Votes were counted fairly (1-5)[P]

f6297547 Location:

Summary Statistics: Max. 5.0; Valid 479.0; Min. 1.0; Mean 3.6931106471816286; StDev 1.107115881738536

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:w1rsyVurehZVrgzkX4TUyQ==

9-4a. Int'l election monitors were restricted (1-5)[N]

f6297547 Location:

Summary Statistics: Mean 2.2542016806722693; Min. 1.0; Valid 476.0; Max. 5.0; StDev 1.0525573834974824;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:Va9cNsiRFZrZ/RZm0SS6Hg==

9-4b. Int'l election monitors were restricted (1-5)[P]

f6297547 Location:

Summary Statistics: Valid 476.0; StDev 1.0217276866773897; Max. 5.0; Min. 1.0; Mean 3.840336134453781

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:yURCheHMeMFg669Nc1tb6A==

9-5a. Domestic election monitors were restricted (1-5)[N]

f6297547 Location:

Summary Statistics: Mean 2.321503131524009; Min. 1.0; Valid 479.0; Max. 5.0; StDev 1.0750970742832613

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:DvVI0zKeyl7eegrZjFgNiQ==

9-5b. Domestic election monitors were restricted (1-5)[P]

f6297547 Location:

Summary Statistics: Valid 479.0; Max. 5.0; Mean 3.784968684759916; Min. 1.0; StDev 1.0518481190478532

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:AqjKZXmAmgCfwG+34Rz0yA==

9-6. Vote count index (0-100)

f6297547 Location:

Summary Statistics: StDev 21.536766631401456; Min. 5.0; Valid 471.0; Mean 70.63481953290871; Max. 100.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:wN89cfuORJkEd0eaS80Pqg==

9-6i. Vote count index (0-100), imputed

f6297547 Location:

Summary Statistics: Max. 100.0; Mean 67.95407098121086; Valid 479.0; Min. 13.0; StDev 20.544725654554092

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:fqiNDt782a9GRavcubEALg==

VOTING RESULTS SECTION

f6297547 Location:

Summary Statistics: Min. NaN; StDev NaN; Mean NaN; Max. NaN; Valid 0.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:92FaeJidEqwdhkqQlH23Ig==

10-1a. Parties/candidates challenged the results (1-5)[N]

f6297547 Location:

Summary Statistics: Min. 1.0; Valid 479.0; Max. 5.0; Mean 2.991649269311065; StDev 1.2083795618238344;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:jDg0SA660Q7N37A6HuS7pA==

10-1b. Parties/candidates challenged the results (1-5)[P]

f6297547 Location:

Summary Statistics: Max. 5.0; StDev 1.2017724932933744; Min. 1.0; Valid 479.0; Mean 3.108559498956159;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:+ZTwhaBVbcuJWd7RQbrgIg==

10-2a. The election led to peaceful protests (1-5)[N]

f6297547 Location:

Summary Statistics: StDev 1.0035749900394888; Min. 1.0; Max. 5.0; Mean 2.473903966597077; Valid 479.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:qtRC2Wymf8CaTrDN6Hvsaw==

10-2b. The election led to peaceful protests (1-5)[P]

f6297547 Location:

Summary Statistics: Mean 3.6242171189979127; Min. 1.0; Max. 5.0; Valid 479.0; StDev 0.9771008708196566

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:qlj2+3yCYmAPbJAAtKCcJA==

10-3a. The election triggered violent protests (1-5)[N]

f6297547 Location:

Summary Statistics: Mean 1.8475991649269317; Valid 479.0; StDev 0.9679754343502637; Max. 5.0; Min. 1.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:EFROWy0T5PhG1Kv2flfajw==

10-3b. The election triggered violent protests (1-5)[P]

f6297547 Location:

Summary Statistics: Min. 1.0; StDev 0.9456311408564786; Mean 4.248434237995825; Max. 5.0; Valid 479.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:EXE5OpCMhvVCqaPlk4L3Cw==

10-4. Any disputes were resolved through legal channels (1-5)[P]

f6297547 Location:

Summary Statistics: Max. 5.0; Valid 475.0; Mean 3.5073684210526315; Min. 1.0; StDev 0.905590012727931;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:IYGuJBsp/jCdoMnre7wJqw==

10-5. Results index (0-100)

f6297547 Location:

Summary Statistics: StDev 18.993475979288977; Max. 100.0; Mean 65.84599156118142; Min. 0.0; Valid 474.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:+TlXQG9VifvKtw97qK4Tiw==

10-5i. Results index (0-100), imputed

f6297547 Location:

Summary Statistics: Valid 479.0; StDev 19.536107099739805; Mean 64.12734864300626; Max. 96.0; Min. 0.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:3F4aSXmXTbeAblswvVXgZw==

ELECTORAL AUTHORITIES SECTION

f6297547 Location:

Summary Statistics: Valid 0.0; Mean NaN; Max. NaN; Min. NaN; StDev NaN;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:92FaeJidEqwdhkqQlH23Ig==

11-1. The election authorities were impartial (1-5)[P]

f6297547 Location:

Summary Statistics: Min. 1.0; Valid 479.0; StDev 1.190431008488718; Max. 5.0; Mean 3.2839248434237995

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:oSwL8B3OIBgKJLTAanGZEg==

11-2. The authorities distributed information to citizens (1-5)[P]

f6297547 Location:

Summary Statistics: StDev 0.7556532165052624; Mean 3.805845511482255; Min. 1.0; Valid 479.0; Max. 5.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:/7+H+9+fOQBzNIIeah4Avw==

11-3. The authorities allowed public scrutiny of their performance (1-5)[P]

f6297547 Location:

Summary Statistics: Valid 479.0; Max. 5.0; StDev 1.0376891490719105; Mean 3.30062630480167; Min. 1.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:XQosL4F//wjxDfoVVCbeFQ==

11-4. The election authorities performed well (1-5)[P]

f6297547 Location:

Summary Statistics: Max. 5.0; Valid 479.0; Mean 3.44258872651357; Min. 1.0; StDev 1.0728400407770007

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:dCC4ToyEdrSsdrAMqithrg==

11-5. Electoral authorities index (0-100)

f6297547 Location:

Summary Statistics: Min. 0.0; Valid 478.0; Max. 100.0; StDev 22.01818628268707; Mean 63.15271966527197

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:axKFkPrAwGHZ/tGD9McCNQ==

11-5i. Electoral authorities index (0-100), imputed

f6297547 Location:

Summary Statistics: StDev 22.494370559700602; Max. 100.0; Mean 60.3945720250522; Valid 479.0; Min. 6.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:PZtNxNA/3te5ovu/f31YGQ==

GENERAL ELECTION QUESTIONS

f6297547 Location:

Summary Statistics: Min. NaN; Valid 0.0; StDev NaN; Mean NaN; Max. NaN

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:92FaeJidEqwdhkqQlH23Ig==

13-1. How familiar are you with elections in this country?

f6297547 Location:

Summary Statistics: Min. 4.0; Mean 8.620041753653444; Valid 479.0; Max. 10.0; StDev 0.9019360848651372;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:g0zaI8nFjuyqCRpubMqYsw==

13-2. Which election (if more than 1) was most important

f6297547 Location:

Summary Statistics: StDev 0.8579447945383671; Max. 5.0; Min. 1.0; Mean 1.90146750524109; Valid 477.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:/7FqDDzpTh75s7bbnrwWSA==

ORGANIZATIONAL CONFIDENCE SECTION

f6297547 Location:

Summary Statistics: Mean NaN; Max. NaN; StDev NaN; Min. NaN; Valid 0.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:92FaeJidEqwdhkqQlH23Ig==

14-1. Confidence in the courts (1=none - 10=a great deal)

f6297547 Location:

Summary Statistics: Mean 5.338204592901879; StDev 2.1903224079895653; Min. 1.0; Max. 10.0; Valid 479.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:ppTcbic+PSoMJ6z4FatgIA==

14-2. Confidence in the government (1=none - 10=a great deal)

f6297547 Location:

Summary Statistics: StDev 1.7579456974002567; Mean 4.818371607515657; Min. 1.0; Max. 9.0; Valid 479.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:xCAuU1qrHegopoRqlb6MDw==

14-3. Confidence in the parliament (1=none - 10=a great deal)

f6297547 Location:

Summary Statistics: Mean 4.839248434237996; Max. 9.0; Valid 479.0; StDev 1.7117744649644844; Min. 1.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:Fur7bCQfcmCAZoj1LUqBSg==

14-4. Confidence in the armed forces (1=none - 10=a great deal)

f6297547 Location:

Summary Statistics: Valid 477.0; Mean 5.230607966457024; Min. 1.0; StDev 1.8923958424595657; Max. 9.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:XpKLT/8VmKbdBhkGDuYy/A==

14-6. Confidence in the elect.authorities (1=none - 10=a great deal)

f6297547 Location:

Summary Statistics: Max. 10.0; Min. 1.0; Mean 5.9018789144050094; Valid 479.0; StDev 2.274282409691342;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:5qKwZZxsvgyUWd4rt5Joig==

EXPERT BACKGROUND SECTION

f6297547 Location:

Summary Statistics: Max. NaN; Mean NaN; Min. NaN; StDev NaN; Valid 0.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:92FaeJidEqwdhkqQlH23Ig==

15-0. International or domestic expert

f6297547 Location:

Summary Statistics: Valid 478.0; Mean 0.5251046025104604; Min. 0.0; StDev 0.49989253513867005; Max. 1.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:lsostfOOg4hmE13d5s62Ag==

15-1. Employment type

f6297547 Location:

Summary Statistics: Mean 2.4686192468619272; Max. 3.0; Valid 478.0; Min. 1.0; StDev 0.8074979976128086

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:4/VhVdkCgEBu8rHkbxKVXA==

15-2. Works (or has worked) in the government public sector

f6297547 Location:

Summary Statistics: Min. 0.0; Valid 452.0; Max. 1.0; StDev 0.25676873766827585; Mean 0.0707964601769911;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:Yd4ljEN2ylJ14xzrGwV5nA==

15-3. Works (or has worked) in a university

f6297547 Location:

Summary Statistics: Max. 1.0; Min. 0.0; StDev 0.14312144631371684; Mean 0.9791231732776617; Valid 479.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:+7Xm10T3QmdGZNw6AbHmWQ==

15-4. Works (or has worked) in private non-profit sector/NGOs

f6297547 Location:

Summary Statistics: StDev 0.31673771988137417; Valid 452.0; Max. 1.0; Min. 0.0; Mean 0.11283185840707928

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:Z5GYvHGs1OfaksQRpLQjzw==

15-5. Works (or has worked) in an international agency

f6297547 Location:

Summary Statistics: Min. 0.0; Mean 0.04298642533936659; Max. 1.0; Valid 442.0; StDev 0.20305634037461243;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:TaDjlo7txVUk+ywuBOEgdQ==

15-6. Works (or has worked) in an private business or industry

f6297547 Location:

Summary Statistics: Min. 0.0; StDev 0.1697098932691787; Mean 0.029612756264236803; Valid 439.0; Max. 1.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:nAc7V/9khI81gzC2MuSKNQ==

15-7. Most recent occupation

f6297547 Location:

Summary Statistics: Valid 479.0; Min. 4.0; Mean 5.8058455114822545; Max. 7.0; StDev 0.4313635880797355

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:vcEmd9wRRZORjfMBlK0t6Q==

15-8. Age group (by decade)

f6297547 Location:

Summary Statistics: Mean 3.4759916492693113; Max. 5.0; Min. 1.0; Valid 479.0; StDev 0.6619893689601907;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:r+TLb1RPtfwX1u0mf9cbig==

15-9. Sex (1=female; 0=male)

f6297547 Location:

Summary Statistics: Mean 0.15240083507306898; Min. 0.0; StDev 0.3597847422451927; Valid 479.0; Max. 1.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:LtNrxXHREtr66LR2amZeAg==

15-10. Highest level of education

f6297547 Location:

Summary Statistics: StDev 0.09138233247699139; Min. 4.0; Max. 6.0; Mean 5.004175365344468; Valid 479.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:GX3ItTm4WDNDgPOSmFBH6Q==

15-11. Were you born in this country?

f6297547 Location:

Summary Statistics: Min. 0.0; StDev 0.4863956647175098; Mean 0.6179540709812107; Max. 1.0; Valid 479.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:e0qvr7lKcflC6mNkPLIbdg==

15-12. # years lived in this country

f6297547 Location:

Summary Statistics: StDev 1.0691821134718171; Mean 3.3945720250521925; Valid 479.0; Min. 0.0; Max. 5.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:JsX0ziSWLFBb6PMDGmg6sg==

15-13. Expert was a candidate for elected office

f6297547 Location:

Summary Statistics: Max. 0.0; StDev 0.0; Min. 0.0; Mean 0.0; Valid 479.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:jVjd9Y3R54nOcqok1hhrVQ==

15-14. Expert was an elected representative

f6297547 Location:

Summary Statistics: Valid 479.0; StDev 0.06454944051287485; Mean 0.004175365344467651; Min. 0.0; Max. 1.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:YPZja6PSJ/ZvJT2oQDWdqg==

15-15. Expert was an election activist

f6297547 Location:

Summary Statistics: StDev 0.0; Min. 0.0; Valid 479.0; Mean 0.0; Max. 0.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:jVjd9Y3R54nOcqok1hhrVQ==

15-16. Expert was election NGO watch personnel

f6297547 Location:

Summary Statistics: Valid 479.0; Min. 0.0; Mean 0.010438413361169125; StDev 0.10174017211379748; Max. 1.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:HA9bEw2jEoPtlVUJBPQsoQ==

15-17. Expert voted in this election

f6297547 Location:

Summary Statistics: Min. 0.0; Max. 1.0; StDev 0.4868982509690917; Mean 0.38413361169102284; Valid 479.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:VSQq2HIEKv/XMb+wzwbkQA==

15-18. Expert did not participate in any role in this election

f6297547 Location:

Summary Statistics: Max. 1.0; StDev 0.49560220357295587; Mean 0.4300626304801674; Valid 479.0; Min. 0.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:eJ1awneaHfsLDlAcSSGhsA==

15-19. Expert was a national official electoral monitor

f6297547 Location:

Summary Statistics: Mean 0.006263048016701465; Min. 0.0; Max. 1.0; StDev 0.07897368419210463; Valid 479.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:UHxWWJ9lBkeQWN/AOSsT4g==

15-19b. Expert was an international official electoral monitor

f6297547 Location:

Summary Statistics: Mean 0.01461377870563674; StDev 0.12012635910925817; Valid 479.0; Max. 1.0; Min. 0.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:/a/7nxZn61T6a233CNb0Fg==

15-20. Expert was an election official

f6297547 Location:

Summary Statistics: Min. 0.0; Max. 1.0; Mean 0.0062630480167014954; Valid 479.0; StDev 0.07897368419210421;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:uTfObz6DjD8Nt0FpY6selw==

15-21. Expert is a citizen of this country

f6297547 Location:

Summary Statistics: Mean 0.6534446764091858; Max. 1.0; Valid 479.0; Min. 0.0; StDev 0.47637011445894833

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:+GsNYxjLjuOqV93evRwvLw==

15-22. Support the winning or losing side

f6297547 Location:

Summary Statistics: StDev 1.2641945227839915; Valid 337.0; Min. 2.0; Max. 7.0; Mean 4.8664688427299705

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:YgbG5hJRvhiiVyq3Pode3w==

15-23. Political views on 10pt left/right scale

f6297547 Location:

Summary Statistics: Valid 479.0; Mean 4.375782881002087; StDev 0.8610092859067305; Max. 8.0; Min. 2.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:CLfOA935os6fCp1saW/FQg==

How difficult did you find the survey?

f6297547 Location:

Summary Statistics: StDev 1.0337551258392654; Min. 5.0; Valid 143.0; Max. 10.0; Mean 8.496503496503497;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:nX5A1xiAkdqGv5ecLW9dfA==

VIGNETTES SECTION

f6297547 Location:

Summary Statistics: Min. NaN; StDev NaN; Mean NaN; Max. NaN; Valid 0.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:92FaeJidEqwdhkqQlH23Ig==

16-1. Vignette A (Queues)

f6297547 Location:

Summary Statistics: Min. 2.0; Valid 221.0; StDev 1.0448203323747314; Max. 8.0; Mean 4.570135746606335;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:SeNbmUA/sJHCROyv+vVWlQ==

16-2. Vignette B (Boycotts)

f6297547 Location:

Summary Statistics: Max. 10.0; Mean 7.266968325791855; Min. 3.0; StDev 1.146633152039405; Valid 221.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:6j/z5RzP0veB/9SvpoH6IA==

16-3. Vignette C (Violence)

f6297547 Location:

Summary Statistics: Max. 10.0; Mean 7.638009049773755; Min. 3.0; Valid 221.0; StDev 1.192858911077044

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:Hq4GQbl1dibD79p1p6bGHw==

16-4. Vignette D (High)

f6297547 Location:

Summary Statistics: StDev 1.3276013193989635; Min. 2.0; Max. 10.0; Valid 238.0; Mean 8.626050420168067

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:lo8u7PaEJV2L1n8S5q7UZQ==

16-5. Vignette E (Moderate)

f6297547 Location:

Summary Statistics: Mean 5.369747899159664; StDev 1.078094476328528; Min. 1.0; Max. 9.0; Valid 238.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:cfOJSu/xI/dqQ0x35SwYHw==

16-6. Vignette F (Low)

f6297547 Location:

Summary Statistics: Mean 2.6806722689075633; Max. 7.0; Min. 1.0; StDev 1.2320116520165423; Valid 238.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:fhzjRVJ2tXOVC6XiNpTh4w==

ROTATING YEARLY SECTION

f6297547 Location:

Summary Statistics: Valid 0.0; StDev NaN; Mean NaN; Max. NaN; Min. NaN;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:92FaeJidEqwdhkqQlH23Ig==

17-1. Voters were bribed (1-5)[N]

f6297547 Location:

Summary Statistics: Min. 1.0; Max. 5.0; StDev 1.1675730654767853; Mean 2.95959595959596; Valid 297.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:3s6hn425EtXGKztGjzNjfA==

17-1b. Voters were bribed (Reversed coding)

f6297547 Location:

Summary Statistics: StDev 1.1282227275172783; Min. 1.0; Valid 297.0; Max. 5.0; Mean 3.1447811447811445;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:bE7vIaxhnySFjV5a10vZmQ==

17-2. People were free to vote without feeling pressured (1-5)[P]

f6297547 Location:

Summary Statistics: StDev 0.8457544244330546; Min. 2.0; Valid 61.0; Mean 3.5737704918032787; Max. 5.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:8h000BGFGSxbTBHN2jZbeQ==

17-3. Some voters feared becoming victims of political violence (1-5)[N]

f6297547 Location:

Summary Statistics: Max. 5.0; Valid 61.0; StDev 1.0859258596596717; Min. 1.0; Mean 2.5901639344262297

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:pwhYsUzLtHkhYm8nVjgAYw==

17-3b. Some voters feared becoming victims of political violence (Reversed codin

f6297547 Location:

Summary Statistics: Min. 1.0; Max. 5.0; Valid 61.0; Mean 3.4098360655737703; StDev 1.0859258596596717;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:7gFCzxDHP3/U0NLCbccdsg==

17-4. The process kept the ballot confidential (1-5)[P]

f6297547 Location:

Summary Statistics: Max. 5.0; Min. 2.0; Valid 105.0; StDev 0.8178413470010356; Mean 3.8476190476190477

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:e9RsaCfhcNRGu6FLRMSJhQ==

17-5. Elections were free and fair(1-5)[P]

f6297547 Location:

Summary Statistics: Min. 1.0; Mean 3.360655737704918; Valid 61.0; Max. 5.0; StDev 1.1976753439510213

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:Y9X51J2l2ZML5F4GlrcUIg==

17-6. Some people received cash, gifts or personal favors in exchange for their

f6297547 Location:

Summary Statistics: StDev 1.0550425366298557; Max. 5.0; Valid 61.0; Min. 1.0; Mean 3.2295081967213113

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:V9bCX4K+jBwCVbKpaC3uaA==

17-6b. Some people received cash, gifts or personal favors in exchange for their

f6297547 Location:

Summary Statistics: Mean 2.819672131147541; StDev 1.0409642440434974; Max. 5.0; Min. 1.0; Valid 61.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:BizvK/2wWlfm+WGoSV7S0Q==

17-7. Politicians offered patronage to their supporters (1-5)[N]

f6297547 Location:

Summary Statistics: Max. 5.0; StDev 0.8974767299904312; Valid 61.0; Min. 1.0; Mean 3.6229508196721314;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:/lK0zq6CbiNFcY6oX4lIzw==

17-7b. Politicians offered patronage to their supporters (Reversed coding)

f6297547 Location:

Summary Statistics: Min. 1.0; Valid 61.0; Max. 5.0; Mean 2.540983606557377; StDev 0.9050556242906344

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:m23H1VlXSOMxbvqMGszo0Q==

18-1. Voting results were subject to a post-election audit (1-5)[P]

f6297547 Location:

Summary Statistics: StDev 0.6972497784862421; Valid 43.0; Mean 2.883720930232558; Min. 2.0; Max. 4.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:FKHlk0ldhN75J7ZNom40yg==

18-2. Official election records were safe from hacking (1-5)[P]

f6297547 Location:

Summary Statistics: Mean 3.5714285714285716; Valid 42.0; Min. 2.0; StDev 0.8594625984812566; Max. 5.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:Jv5RrwiZ5N0vNFk1d0gFuQ==

18-4. Most news media reporting about the campaign was factually accurate (1-5)[

f6297547 Location:

Summary Statistics: Mean 3.3181818181818183; Max. 4.0; Valid 44.0; StDev 0.7078538567052042; Min. 1.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:PpfUrzPjYyxYr+fcWyEU+w==

18-5. Most news media reporting about the government's record was true to the fa

f6297547 Location:

Summary Statistics: StDev 0.7453165963217528; Min. 1.0; Max. 4.0; Valid 44.0; Mean 3.159090909090909

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:9WzYe+7ZvXGU96nf//X4/g==

18-6. Much news was fake (1-5)[N]

f6297547 Location:

Summary Statistics: StDev 0.7897516066572252; Min. 1.0; Mean 2.7449664429530203; Max. 5.0; Valid 149.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:+SEgUhKaad2ueVzPtFmWhg==

18-6b. Much news was fake (1-5)[P]

f6297547 Location:

Summary Statistics: Mean 3.3624161073825505; StDev 0.7729791883904413; Valid 149.0; Min. 2.0; Max. 5.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:3Q6d1oecZ4NK5LAMV3dJWQ==

19-1. Campaign media spread hate speech (1-5)[N]

f6297547 Location:

Summary Statistics: Max. 5.0; Mean 3.0476190476190474; Valid 105.0; Min. 1.0; StDev 0.8591246929842248;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:JH5G3wgXNkZZFELq147TUg==

19-1b. Campaign media spread hate speech (1-5)[P]

f6297547 Location:

Summary Statistics: StDev 0.8651790557652209; Mean 3.038095238095238; Max. 5.0; Min. 1.0; Valid 105.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:+6K3CVKq42gA3Sz019ASTQ==

19-2. Campaign media allowed informed voting choices (1-5)[P]

f6297547 Location:

Summary Statistics: StDev 0.8737104573999123; Min. 1.0; Valid 105.0; Mean 3.20952380952381; Max. 5.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:83LPTG3KbkqRzxogwj1Lng==

19-3. Foreign interests interfered in the campaign (1-5)[N]

f6297547 Location:

Summary Statistics: Max. 5.0; StDev 0.8936077431036492; Min. 1.0; Valid 105.0; Mean 2.9047619047619047;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:N78fHTbSA2Dbp5aMrXEUGg==

19-3b. Foreign interests interfered in the campaign (1-5)[P]

f6297547 Location:

Summary Statistics: Valid 105.0; Mean 3.1904761904761907; StDev 0.8670821770925184; Max. 5.0; Min. 1.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:QIUOGzJFcV2a2z0y1L9ovA==

19-4. Media watch groups monitored campaign news (1-5)[P]

f6297547 Location:

Summary Statistics: Max. 5.0; Mean 3.5238095238095237; Valid 105.0; StDev 0.6664376896148614; Min. 1.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:Xlu4KX5M9FwWsj27Sx114Q==

19-5. Cyberattacks on official voting records occurred during the election (1-5)

f6297547 Location:

Summary Statistics: Valid 104.0; StDev 0.777231543552342; Mean 2.0865384615384617; Min. 1.0; Max. 4.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:r9ZAGY9PC1NqRzNxKSu6GA==

19-5b. Cyberattacks on official voting records occurred during the election (1-5

f6297547 Location:

Summary Statistics: Min. 2.0; Max. 5.0; StDev 0.7481618001231785; Valid 104.0; Mean 4.0576923076923075;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:OKCv/vloO2uW3/ugSgRwzQ==

19-6. Campaign news generally reflected the diversity of views and interests in

f6297547 Location:

Summary Statistics: Valid 105.0; StDev 0.871086223511317; Mean 3.1714285714285717; Min. 1.0; Max. 5.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:PcyGLfdrojP3foUU2eFhtQ==

19-7. Campaign news generally maintained high journalistic standards (1-5)[P]

f6297547 Location:

Summary Statistics: Max. 5.0; Mean 2.8476190476190473; StDev 0.8410267577943087; Min. 1.0; Valid 105.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:RbQJT5OIs6xkeXdIZtGr0Q==

19-8. Journalists were often highly partisan in their campaign reporting (1-5)[N

f6297547 Location:

Summary Statistics: Valid 105.0; Mean 3.466666666666667; Max. 5.0; StDev 0.7852812659593165; Min. 2.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:oD0av9Wbe5E2/HoiKfTVWA==

19-8b. Journalists were often highly partisan in their campaign reporting (1-5)[

f6297547 Location:

Summary Statistics: Mean 2.666666666666667; Min. 1.0; StDev 0.7925939239012174; Max. 5.0; Valid 105.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:RX82lSkFh6Aoab9n7YmVJg==

19-9. Social media often contained fake news (1-5)[N]

f6297547 Location:

Summary Statistics: StDev 0.7309234462302353; Min. 1.0; Valid 105.0; Max. 5.0; Mean 3.580952380952381;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:BEj6eaS4zZepI0b5MFgJag==

19-9b. Social media often contained fake news (1-5)[P]

f6297547 Location:

Summary Statistics: Mean 2.580952380952381; Max. 5.0; Min. 1.0; Valid 105.0; StDev 0.7176477652848331;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:+7O3iKwb9TX1DwGDlyxxlA==

Country name

f6297549 Location:

Variable Format: character

Notes: UNF:6:QwZtNrDXWeDepfp74QuswQ==

ISO country code

f6297549 Location:

Variable Format: character

Notes: UNF:6:MWsMl7ESWhatU55vC9beIw==

Election Code

f6297549 Location:

Variable Format: character

Notes: UNF:6:uOq7KcAs0PQ3DZD3RPeIdw==

Year of election

f6297549 Location:

Summary Statistics: Min. 2012.0; Mean 2015.9980392156863; Valid 4590.0; StDev 2.3961081228981853; Max. 2021.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:dOtcAOf9NHSQPWSup15eGg==

Election Date

f6297549 Location:

Variable Format: character

Notes: UNF:6:5Ull8hPhYY2Y5IHg2DyxMg==

what government body was this election for?

f6297549 Location:

Summary Statistics: Mean 0.3614379084967326; Valid 4590.0; Min. 0.0; StDev 0.4804693966311999; Max. 1.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:HIQvtRsaB+aVfmolXOtJSw==

COUNTRY DATA SECTION

f6297549 Location:

Summary Statistics: Valid 0.0; Min. NaN; Mean NaN; Max. NaN; StDev NaN;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:cro0/92obgTPjxq4JfyW0A==

Freedom House Political Rights Scale

f6297549 Location:

Summary Statistics: StDev 1.9499503939069482; Min. 1.0; Valid 4585.0; Mean 2.8407851690294357; Max. 7.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:IRIvWdLppouRaIKNxHBmRg==

Freedom House Civil Liberties Scale

f6297549 Location:

Summary Statistics: Valid 4585.0; Max. 7.0; StDev 1.7751529430685562; Mean 2.8486368593238782; Min. 1.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:gXasr8QR+qi5Sa94OZyPFw==

Freedom House Score (Free,Partially Free, Not Free)

f6297549 Location:

Variable Format: character

Notes: UNF:6:SM9OMZ/VrEzMmgNDWspcSA==

World Bank income level (Low, lower-middle, upper-middle, high)

f6297549 Location:

Variable Format: character

Notes: UNF:6:eZ3za8x/vt078F/7vMngYA==

GDP per capita, PPP, current international $

f6297549 Location:

Summary Statistics: StDev 18277.71350082482; Mean 22813.592731277575; Max. 98520.0; Valid 4540.0; Min. 699.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:9tQsfUdDiptb6uJFwb4e+w==

Geographic region (UN classification, 1-5)

f6297549 Location:

Variable Format: character

Notes: UNF:6:9b4J5IuLEdRTsppYPI3/Qg==

Geographic region (World Bank classification, 1-9)

f6297549 Location:

Variable Format: character

Notes: UNF:6:Kwnpe+q1/TJjH4nYZixZ5Q==

OECD country (0/1)

f6297549 Location:

Variable Format: character

Notes: UNF:6:tr+kmVojuoLnWUI3xOz31w==

OVERALL INTEGRITY SECTION

f6297549 Location:

Summary Statistics: Max. NaN; StDev NaN; Valid 0.0; Min. NaN; Mean NaN;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:cro0/92obgTPjxq4JfyW0A==

PEI index of electoral integrity, (0-100), raw

f6297549 Location:

Summary Statistics: Max. 95.0; Min. 2.0; Valid 784.0; StDev 18.839171240500598; Mean 56.242346938775505

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:46hi5lSj5YvkKClYUNcLFA==

PEI index of electoral integrity, (0-100), imputed

f6297549 Location:

Summary Statistics: StDev 18.713216727341866; Max. 96.0; Valid 4554.0; Mean 58.766139657444015; Min. 0.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:R1AwyTgCh75Y/sGJYfp6yA==

PEItype

f6297549 Location:

Variable Format: character

Notes: UNF:6:EbSWZnld2Quj289pB0zozw==

Rate electoral integrity of the election (1=very poor->10=very good)

f6297549 Location:

Summary Statistics: Min. 1.0; StDev 2.693757039861874; Mean 6.723369691343705; Max. 10.0; Valid 4309.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:RT/LK6VHnBsp3fLuuytYGQ==

ELECTORAL LAWS SECTION

f6297549 Location:

Summary Statistics: Max. NaN; Min. NaN; Valid 0.0; Mean NaN; StDev NaN

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:cro0/92obgTPjxq4JfyW0A==

1-1a. Electoral laws were unfair to smaller parties (1-5)[N]

f6297549 Location:

Variable Format: character

Notes: UNF:6:s09GqtMQQDv1AJ8wKjj7xw==

1-1b. Electoral laws were unfair to smaller parties (1-5)[P]

f6297549 Location:

Variable Format: character

Notes: UNF:6:s09GqtMQQDv1AJ8wKjj7xw==

1-2a. Electoral laws favored the governing party or parties (1-5)[N]

f6297549 Location:

Variable Format: character

Notes: UNF:6:+J1W2u2cqOun74l77WrF6Q==

1-2b. Electoral laws favored the governing party or parties (1-5)[P]

f6297549 Location:

Variable Format: character

Notes: UNF:6:+J1W2u2cqOun74l77WrF6Q==

1-3a. Elections laws restricted citizens' rights (1-5)[N]

f6297549 Location:

Variable Format: character

Notes: UNF:6:7U8+ztZ5JLJrUcqBMdlSHQ==

1-3b. Elections laws restricted citizens' rights (1-5)[P]

f6297549 Location:

Variable Format: character

Notes: UNF:6:7U8+ztZ5JLJrUcqBMdlSHQ==

1-4. Electoral laws index (0-100)

f6297549 Location:

Summary Statistics: Valid 4242.0; Max. 100.0; Mean 61.1067892503536; Min. 0.0; StDev 27.708995014837345

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:s8sfW7saU5fMjViCrjt/XA==

1-4i. Electoral laws index (0-100), imputed

f6297549 Location:

Summary Statistics: Min. -1.0; StDev 29.914539169729785; Mean 56.25948539031838; Valid 4586.0; Max. 100.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:DiKsTTUbXRvQQKhg3WBzAA==

ELECTORAL PROCEDURES SECTION

f6297549 Location:

Summary Statistics: Max. NaN; Valid 0.0; Min. NaN; StDev NaN; Mean NaN

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:cro0/92obgTPjxq4JfyW0A==

2-1. Elections were well managed (1-5)[P]

f6297549 Location:

Variable Format: character

Notes: UNF:6:LPyJTlq9Tz+Dv5X0dPxZpA==

2-2. Information about voting procedures was widely available (1-5)[P]

f6297549 Location:

Variable Format: character

Notes: UNF:6:USi+FnNUQkuOgJ4ZdgG8DA==

2-3. Election officials were fair (1-5)[P]

f6297549 Location:

Variable Format: character

Notes: UNF:6:DDtk9bfQF9ipavIN1tm6kA==

2-4. Elections were conducted in accordance with the law (1-5)[P]

f6297549 Location:

Variable Format: character

Notes: UNF:6:Sg8nP0rqlJpYQi9MtUeFew==

2-5. Electoral procedures index (0-100)

f6297549 Location:

Summary Statistics: Max. 100.0; Mean 72.153344208809; StDev 25.636544699478232; Valid 4291.0; Min. 0.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:Kv75LeI/fmCHRGfd9zsMKg==

2-5i. Electoral procedures index (0-100), imputed

f6297549 Location:

Summary Statistics: Mean 68.96095113438038; Valid 4584.0; StDev 27.50088967776355; Max. 100.0; Min. 0.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:UVzOxWRRfy9hGKfsL8zHqw==

BOUNDARIES FOR VOTING DISTRICTS SECTION

f6297549 Location:

Summary Statistics: Mean NaN; Min. NaN; Valid 0.0; StDev NaN; Max. NaN

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:cro0/92obgTPjxq4JfyW0A==

3-1a. Boundaries discriminated against some parties (1-5)[N]

f6297549 Location:

Variable Format: character

Notes: UNF:6:JoPeP+mXbYF7c4d5k/3+Pw==

3-1b. Boundaries discriminated against some parties (1-5)[P]

f6297549 Location:

Variable Format: character

Notes: UNF:6:JoPeP+mXbYF7c4d5k/3+Pw==

3-2a. Boundaries favored incumbents (1-5)[N]

f6297549 Location:

Variable Format: character

Notes: UNF:6:rY/gVtw2pghb9qwl9ZtzOw==

3-2b. Boundaries favored incumbents (1-5)[P]

f6297549 Location:

Variable Format: character

Notes: UNF:6:rY/gVtw2pghb9qwl9ZtzOw==

3-3. Boundaries were impartial (1-5)[P]

f6297549 Location:

Variable Format: character

Notes: UNF:6:eoOzq+30Njok76S2FmcK2Q==

3-4. Voting district boundaries index (0-100)

f6297549 Location:

Summary Statistics: Mean 59.81645569620258; StDev 26.106186136256362; Max. 100.0; Min. 0.0; Valid 2844.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:fS4emjpPvcOHI5bZVonsDg==

3-4i. Voting district boundaries index (0-100), imputed

f6297549 Location:

Summary Statistics: Min. 0.0; Mean 56.38994535519129; Valid 4575.0; StDev 24.21890555785449; Max. 101.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:X4nM6d/xuZa4/bUolvtjQQ==

VOTER REGISTRATION SECTION

f6297549 Location:

Summary Statistics: Max. NaN; Valid 0.0; StDev NaN; Min. NaN; Mean NaN

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:cro0/92obgTPjxq4JfyW0A==

4-1a. Some citizens were not listed in the register (1-5)[N]

f6297549 Location:

Variable Format: character

Notes: UNF:6:5YX5uhe2cyVhD1TAA145tQ==

4-1b. Some citizens were not listed in the register (1-5)[P]

f6297549 Location:

Variable Format: character

Notes: UNF:6:5YX5uhe2cyVhD1TAA145tQ==

4-2a. The electoral register was inaccurate (1-5)[N]

f6297549 Location:

Variable Format: character

Notes: UNF:6:Ew55rD47rgY5oSXYai4v2Q==

4-2b. The electoral register was inaccurate (1-5)[P]

f6297549 Location:

Variable Format: character

Notes: UNF:6:Ew55rD47rgY5oSXYai4v2Q==

4-3a. Some ineligible electors were registered (1-5)[N]

f6297549 Location:

Variable Format: character

Notes: UNF:6:jxUDtk1SBxfGb7fdT25JSA==

4-3b. Some ineligible electors were registered (1-5)[P]

f6297549 Location:

Variable Format: character

Notes: UNF:6:jxUDtk1SBxfGb7fdT25JSA==

4-4. Voter registration index (0-100)

f6297549 Location:

Summary Statistics: Max. 100.0; Mean 61.65679012345688; Valid 3240.0; StDev 28.45071433590571; Min. 0.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:xL+u0mdwKYRyWE2p6oIcnA==

4-4i. Voter registration index (0-100), imputed

f6297549 Location:

Summary Statistics: Mean 55.671259842519845; Min. 0.0; StDev 29.159902490697093; Max. 100.0; Valid 4572.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:OlpFwTKBa/d3R+v8nvpugQ==

PARTY AND CANDIDATE REGISTRATION SECTION

f6297549 Location:

Summary Statistics: StDev NaN; Min. NaN; Mean NaN; Valid 0.0; Max. NaN

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:cro0/92obgTPjxq4JfyW0A==

5-1a. Some opposition candidates were prevented from running (1-5)[N]

f6297549 Location:

Variable Format: character

Notes: UNF:6:dMsfgNrJA8ame5xlxfIhGA==

5-1b. Some opposition candidates were prevented from running (1-5)[P]

f6297549 Location:

Variable Format: character

Notes: UNF:6:dMsfgNrJA8ame5xlxfIhGA==

5-2. Women had equal opportunities to run for office (1-5)[P]

f6297549 Location:

Variable Format: character

Notes: UNF:6:TnKKTv2M4XCY0DDb2P3CZw==

5-3. Ethnic and national minorities had equal opportunities to run for office (1

f6297549 Location:

Variable Format: character

Notes: UNF:6:gNbK23IHHYXtmmur6a7dCA==

5-4a. Only top party leaders selected candidates (1-5)[N]

f6297549 Location:

Variable Format: character

Notes: UNF:6:jV/t4KDHEBtO5J5B1JR6+g==

5-4b. Only top party leaders selected candidates (1-5)[P]

f6297549 Location:

Variable Format: character

Notes: UNF:6:jV/t4KDHEBtO5J5B1JR6+g==

5-5a. Some parties/candidates were restricted from holding campaign rallies (1-5

f6297549 Location:

Variable Format: character

Notes: UNF:6:SVtZXwyI511Tf8qiGNtUPw==

5-5b. Some parties/candidates were restricted from holding campaign rallies (1-5

f6297549 Location:

Variable Format: character

Notes: UNF:6:SVtZXwyI511Tf8qiGNtUPw==

5-6. Party and candidate registration index (0-100)

f6297549 Location:

Summary Statistics: Valid 3719.0; Max. 100.0; StDev 21.908556908609487; Mean 65.03388007528909; Min. 0.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:eV3JR/pQ628OqOaK8RnQrg==

5-6i. Party and candidate registration index (0-100), imputed

f6297549 Location:

Summary Statistics: Max. 101.0; Valid 4583.0; Mean 60.55727689286486; Min. 0.0; StDev 23.391029680044326

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:Z/cEhcqgnPyxPksNKjf2IA==

MEDIA COVERAGE SECTION

f6297549 Location:

Summary Statistics: StDev NaN; Mean NaN; Min. NaN; Max. NaN; Valid 0.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:cro0/92obgTPjxq4JfyW0A==

6-1. Newspapers provided balanced election news (1-5)[P]

f6297549 Location:

Variable Format: character

Notes: UNF:6:MDerg+k9+koVshpOBUfniw==

6-2a. TV news favored the governing party (1-5)[N]

f6297549 Location:

Variable Format: character

Notes: UNF:6:tjXCJvmmVJvw6D8bCbYc5g==

6-2b. TV news favored the governing party (1-5)[P]

f6297549 Location:

Variable Format: character

Notes: UNF:6:tjXCJvmmVJvw6D8bCbYc5g==

6-3. Parties/candidates had fair access to political broadcasts and advertising

f6297549 Location:

Variable Format: character

Notes: UNF:6:Cmq0QTCe+r9RnULm3COb+A==

6-4. Journalists provided fair coverage of the elections (1-5)[P]

f6297549 Location:

Variable Format: character

Notes: UNF:6:P/Fa2NIaUQHBZGIy1g3fvw==

6-5. Social media were used to expose electoral fraud (1-5)[P]

f6297549 Location:

Variable Format: character

Notes: UNF:6:Tkylu55mnheBKdChZAdQ3Q==

6-6. Media coverage index (0-100)

f6297549 Location:

Summary Statistics: Max. 100.0; Valid 3250.0; Min. 0.0; Mean 50.936923076923094; StDev 19.302711359141483

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:4qBaTQCPEBKmFlo3eWNddg==

6-6i. Media coverage index (0-100), imputed

f6297549 Location:

Summary Statistics: StDev 20.32653508553389; Min. 0.0; Mean 49.086538461538396; Valid 4576.0; Max. 100.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:r4yRGMZv2er0ZtBgwsirTQ==

CAMPAIGN FINANCE SECTION

f6297549 Location:

Summary Statistics: Valid 0.0; Min. NaN; Mean NaN; StDev NaN; Max. NaN

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:cro0/92obgTPjxq4JfyW0A==

7-1. Parties/candidates had equitable access to public political subsidies(1-5)[

f6297549 Location:

Variable Format: character

Notes: UNF:6:9+0VFx0n7pVaIpHjTaSBGA==

7-2. Parties/candidates had equitable access to political donations(1-5)[P]

f6297549 Location:

Variable Format: character

Notes: UNF:6:T86gF77d6czw2pOVppzNnQ==

7-3. Parties/candidates publish transparent financial accounts(1-5)[P]

f6297549 Location:

Variable Format: character

Notes: UNF:6:cg6E3/sr6dQ7uVSvr4p+lA==

7-4a. Rich people buy elections (1-5)[N]

f6297549 Location:

Variable Format: character

Notes: UNF:6:na+dV0X+xgQz4vuPwHkwIQ==

7-4b. Rich people buy elections (Reversed coding)

f6297549 Location:

Variable Format: character

Notes: UNF:6:na+dV0X+xgQz4vuPwHkwIQ==

7-5a. Some state resources were improperly used for campaigning (1-5)[N]

f6297549 Location:

Variable Format: character

Notes: UNF:6:xVGrj5ixgoMThN4lLu35gQ==

7-5b. Some state resources were improperly used for campaigning (1-5)[P]

f6297549 Location:

Variable Format: character

Notes: UNF:6:xVGrj5ixgoMThN4lLu35gQ==

7-6. Campaign finance index (0-100)

f6297549 Location:

Summary Statistics: Mean 46.650889453621296; Min. 0.0; Max. 100.0; Valid 3148.0; StDev 22.745027968113497

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:+lF9K1PQYrF//2LtuuHlZA==

7-6i. Campaign finance index (0-100), imputed

f6297549 Location:

Summary Statistics: Min. -1.0; StDev 23.65312909660896; Max. 100.0; Valid 4577.0; Mean 41.69674459252794

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:UiBSdvG7yMuEVuIrmsffpA==

VOTING PROCESS SECTION

f6297549 Location:

Summary Statistics: Min. NaN; Valid 0.0; StDev NaN; Max. NaN; Mean NaN;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:cro0/92obgTPjxq4JfyW0A==

8-1a. Some voters were threatened with violence at the polls(1-5)[N]

f6297549 Location:

Variable Format: character

Notes: UNF:6:zvbdVL+eRTO9yBBF8cLMsg==

8-1b. Some voters were threatened with violence at the polls (1-5)[P]

f6297549 Location:

Variable Format: character

Notes: UNF:6:zvbdVL+eRTO9yBBF8cLMsg==

8-2a. Some fraudulent votes were cast (1-5)[N]

f6297549 Location:

Variable Format: character

Notes: UNF:6:8nNEofOpIgoQUdLGhODLFw==

8-2b. Some fraudulent votes were cast (1-5)[P]

f6297549 Location:

Variable Format: character

Notes: UNF:6:8nNEofOpIgoQUdLGhODLFw==

8-3. The process of voting was easy (1-1)[Y]

f6297549 Location:

Variable Format: character

Notes: UNF:6:K+d9czNLK0GfzVUefs3Dug==

8-4. Voters were offered a genuine choice at the ballot box (1-5)[P]

f6297549 Location:

Variable Format: character

Notes: UNF:6:RBfbuaK9De5wTnraE/fjDA==

8-5. Postal ballots were available (1-5)[P]

f6297549 Location:

Variable Format: character

Notes: UNF:6:f9vm8vw3Jyoe7OUbweI9wQ==

8-6. Special voting facilities were available for the disabled (1-5)[P]

f6297549 Location:

Variable Format: character

Notes: UNF:6:3AT1f0Tw7g1Y22zo0eMyWA==

8-7. National citizens living abroad could vote (1-5)[P]

f6297549 Location:

Variable Format: character

Notes: UNF:6:Grt3VOiyejWiXh2fFEzalw==

8-8. Some form of internet voting was available (1-5)[P]

f6297549 Location:

Variable Format: character

Notes: UNF:6:mPAG9em53TtQazUmi+0FHg==

8-9. Voting process index (0-100)

f6297549 Location:

Summary Statistics: Max. 100.0; StDev 18.439140174951387; Valid 2052.0; Mean 61.190058479532176; Min. 0.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:kweFA3FkFOjrBTeXvI9eZQ==

8-9i. Voting process index (0-100), imputed

f6297549 Location:

Summary Statistics: StDev 18.87609563511923; Min. 0.0; Valid 4567.0; Mean 56.88701554631051; Max. 101.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:LqTOe6tHqxie01drorE6xw==

THE VOTE COUNT SECTION

f6297549 Location:

Summary Statistics: StDev NaN; Min. NaN; Valid 0.0; Mean NaN; Max. NaN

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:cro0/92obgTPjxq4JfyW0A==

9-1. Ballot boxes were secure (1-5)[P]

f6297549 Location:

Variable Format: character

Notes: UNF:6:WSYxVXtlEh8gqhMfjvWjvA==

9-2. The results were announced without undue delay (1-5)[P]

f6297549 Location:

Variable Format: character

Notes: UNF:6:kBENGenwRPhCQ11Jtl5pTQ==

9-3. Votes were counted fairly (1-5)[P]

f6297549 Location:

Variable Format: character

Notes: UNF:6:SuGYnp7b9GpjZqLYE2wKCQ==

9-4a. Int'l election monitors were restricted (1-5)[N]

f6297549 Location:

Variable Format: character

Notes: UNF:6:+NPSNTbUrxK0+SlNzIuJgw==

9-4b. Int'l election monitors were restricted (1-5)[P]

f6297549 Location:

Variable Format: character

Notes: UNF:6:+NPSNTbUrxK0+SlNzIuJgw==

9-5a. Domestic election monitors were restricted (1-5)[N]

f6297549 Location:

Variable Format: character

Notes: UNF:6:xYhUfisDOocZVfWwUV0pow==

9-5b. Domestic election monitors were restricted (1-5)[P]

f6297549 Location:

Variable Format: character

Notes: UNF:6:xYhUfisDOocZVfWwUV0pow==

9-6. Vote count index (0-100)

f6297549 Location:

Summary Statistics: StDev 23.313613674840965; Mean 74.67556221889052; Valid 3335.0; Min. 0.0; Max. 100.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:hoIuqcQyPMcl/RbqK5CfiA==

9-6i. Vote count index (0-100), imputed

f6297549 Location:

Summary Statistics: StDev 24.76215886499089; Max. 103.0; Valid 4582.0; Min. 0.0; Mean 71.71955477957236

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:wh9BBdFw0DiIgN1n/BbCyw==

VOTING RESULTS SECTION

f6297549 Location:

Summary Statistics: Mean NaN; Min. NaN; Valid 0.0; Max. NaN; StDev NaN;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:cro0/92obgTPjxq4JfyW0A==

10-1a. Parties/candidates challenged the results (1-5)[N]

f6297549 Location:

Variable Format: character

Notes: UNF:6:6e/GeIYo6Qg9CwYiChiBzA==

10-1b. Parties/candidates challenged the results (1-5)[P]

f6297549 Location:

Variable Format: character

Notes: UNF:6:6e/GeIYo6Qg9CwYiChiBzA==

10-2a. The election led to peaceful protests (1-5)[N]

f6297549 Location:

Variable Format: character

Notes: UNF:6:NBxFsTi8Axi6oJ9l8eT67A==

10-2b. The election led to peaceful protests (1-5)[P]

f6297549 Location:

Variable Format: character

Notes: UNF:6:NBxFsTi8Axi6oJ9l8eT67A==

10-3a. The election triggered violent protests (1-5)[N]

f6297549 Location:

Variable Format: character

Notes: UNF:6:4/teInX6MMwk2v1jNgN92Q==

10-3b. The election triggered violent protests (1-5)[P]

f6297549 Location:

Variable Format: character

Notes: UNF:6:4/teInX6MMwk2v1jNgN92Q==

10-4. Any disputes were resolved through legal channels (1-5)[P]

f6297549 Location:

Variable Format: character

Notes: UNF:6:pWnxwZ6tvgMhkfrQTzGmXw==

10-5. Results index (0-100)

f6297549 Location:

Summary Statistics: Max. 100.0; Valid 3353.0; StDev 21.754470799161673; Mean 68.18401431553838; Min. 0.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:toK8cE3vYggqVrH0ZIk6zA==

10-5i. Results index (0-100), imputed

f6297549 Location:

Summary Statistics: StDev 23.147034114401134; Max. 102.0; Valid 4577.0; Mean 67.82827179375136; Min. 0.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:Xtib3SPk8h+fbTIencodTw==

ELECTORAL AUTHORITIES SECTION

f6297549 Location:

Summary Statistics: Min. NaN; Valid 0.0; StDev NaN; Mean NaN; Max. NaN

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:cro0/92obgTPjxq4JfyW0A==

11-1. The election authorities were impartial (1-5)[P]

f6297549 Location:

Variable Format: character

Notes: UNF:6:Tt84BsQboP/0yevkdTfnlg==

11-2. The authorities distributed information to citizens (1-5)[P]

f6297549 Location:

Variable Format: character

Notes: UNF:6:ZQ7JAxJmzVSGS8/LkS2H6g==

11-3. The authorities allowed public scrutiny of their performance (1-5)[P]

f6297549 Location:

Variable Format: character

Notes: UNF:6:JN4XzyhC52x6i1NLqHMoOg==

11-4. The election authorities performed well (1-5)[P]

f6297549 Location:

Variable Format: character

Notes: UNF:6:HbyX5ZSoylnQatC/TZDjkQ==

11-5. Electoral authorities index (0-100)

f6297549 Location:

Summary Statistics: Mean 67.28651275820165; Max. 100.0; StDev 25.952076179203594; Valid 4115.0; Min. 0.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:vdMK8x+0MCvfI9KLcVEY/A==

11-5i. Electoral authorities index (0-100), imputed

f6297549 Location:

Summary Statistics: Min. 0.0; StDev 27.606862059759802; Mean 64.31087856987133; Max. 102.0; Valid 4587.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:drCL5/4t0KKCsSDbspInrw==

GENERAL ELECTION QUESTIONS

f6297549 Location:

Summary Statistics: StDev NaN; Min. NaN; Mean NaN; Max. NaN; Valid 0.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:cro0/92obgTPjxq4JfyW0A==

13-1. How familiar are you with elections in this country?

f6297549 Location:

Summary Statistics: Mean 8.769695613249775; Min. 1.0; StDev 1.4324594864923585; Max. 10.0; Valid 4468.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:P3Y7EY9uzkBB2MYewHqB4g==

13-2. Which election (if more than 1) was most important

f6297549 Location:

Variable Format: character

Notes: UNF:6:y4qdvgvayOhO1D33c9O29A==

ORGANIZATIONAL CONFIDENCE SECTION

f6297549 Location:

Summary Statistics: Mean NaN; StDev NaN; Max. NaN; Min. NaN; Valid 0.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:cro0/92obgTPjxq4JfyW0A==

14-1. Confidence in the courts (1=none - 10=a great deal)

f6297549 Location:

Summary Statistics: StDev 2.7657234892717706; Min. 1.0; Mean 5.664078100732185; Valid 4507.0; Max. 10.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:pmfL9LPOwVitzLR2XZNA9g==

14-2. Confidence in the government (1=none - 10=a great deal)

f6297549 Location:

Summary Statistics: Min. 0.0; StDev 2.3979402286587335; Mean 5.012672298799459; Max. 10.0; Valid 4498.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:k9pHioyLGOt8wRmU85LDUw==

14-3. Confidence in the parliament (1=none - 10=a great deal)

f6297549 Location:

Summary Statistics: StDev 2.388436180976214; Min. 0.0; Valid 4488.0; Mean 5.106951871657749; Max. 10.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:Ypa6Q7AnpAXcKesVe/9omg==

14-4. Confidence in the armed forces (1=none - 10=a great deal)

f6297549 Location:

Summary Statistics: StDev 2.5949230322164305; Valid 4406.0; Max. 10.0; Mean 5.47934634589197; Min. 1.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:piHhrRbf5USONSD1I0rkFA==

14-6. Confidence in the elect.authorities (1=none - 10=a great deal)

f6297549 Location:

Summary Statistics: Min. 1.0; StDev 2.810986574008843; Valid 4542.0; Max. 10.0; Mean 6.250770585645077;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:o9skB6Y0S+vsVKrOx3w8Rg==

EXPERT BACKGROUND SECTION

f6297549 Location:

Summary Statistics: Mean NaN; StDev NaN; Valid 0.0; Min. NaN; Max. NaN

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:cro0/92obgTPjxq4JfyW0A==

Domestic expert? (Yes=1)

f6297549 Location:

Summary Statistics: StDev 0.4966470221669159; Mean 0.5582714971628107; Max. 1.0; Min. 0.0; Valid 4582.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:GA0zyLo6mwJnw/YiTRzWIA==

15-1. Employment type

f6297549 Location:

Summary Statistics: Mean 2.569383514199976; StDev 0.791102404734427; Max. 4.0; Valid 4331.0; Min. 1.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:x0GspkNDn4CVkNUDpzYCmw==

15-2. Works (or has worked) in the government public sector

f6297549 Location:

Variable Format: character

Notes: UNF:6:FjBFSbr0oal7l2XgjxBjuQ==

15-3. Works (or has worked) in a university

f6297549 Location:

Variable Format: character

Notes: UNF:6:R6HcAnoGKMUMLLooriwr5Q==

15-4. Works (or has worked) in private non-profit sector/NGOs

f6297549 Location:

Variable Format: character

Notes: UNF:6:HbnVqLtC5807chnmv84zXw==

15-5. Works (or has worked) in International agency

f6297549 Location:

Variable Format: character

Notes: UNF:6:nFRZ2MrPKbUBK7MChKtznA==

15-6. Works (or has worked) in an private business or industry

f6297549 Location:

Variable Format: character

Notes: UNF:6:Nk8OW7xdxuLAnBr+EMx4hQ==

15-7. Most recent occupation

f6297549 Location:

Variable Format: character

Notes: UNF:6:bLtcVLJl+N+hg0wIbgBd/Q==

15-8. Age group (by decade)

f6297549 Location:

Variable Format: character

Notes: UNF:6:H3AzsubK9jdG/EaXjeGlfQ==

15-9. Sex (0=male; 1=female; 2=other/prefer not to say)

f6297549 Location:

Variable Format: character

Notes: UNF:6:EOzF7UX1ZDFD97C0z8m1cw==

15-10. Highest level of education

f6297549 Location:

Variable Format: character

Notes: UNF:6:vyw2iuqCKdijlWHNhFO49w==

15-11. Were you born in this country?

f6297549 Location:

Variable Format: character

Notes: UNF:6:KurWkWIs8gYMOfXUAltyHA==

15-12. # years lived in this country

f6297549 Location:

Variable Format: character

Notes: UNF:6:WQ6j5BqdOcIIVRO3u+KzMg==

15-13. Expert was a candidate for elected office

f6297549 Location:

Variable Format: character

Notes: UNF:6:2tjupldu4ri6dMaF8aV+dg==

15-14. Expert was an elected representative

f6297549 Location:

Variable Format: character

Notes: UNF:6:2uIQalOuX7ZFCF4f6uHgmw==

15-15. Expert was an election activist

f6297549 Location:

Variable Format: character

Notes: UNF:6:lkOUknCgQvTgC+VsXn1G+g==

15-16. Expert was election NGO watch personnel

f6297549 Location:

Variable Format: character

Notes: UNF:6:7YhJTmHhDE8V/QuZZzyjGQ==

15-17. Expert voted in this election

f6297549 Location:

Variable Format: character

Notes: UNF:6:HxXo/8SZG3DZKDnWYQRLMQ==

15-18. Expert did not participate in any role in this election

f6297549 Location:

Variable Format: character

Notes: UNF:6:TzmXt43SPWNteMZma9DnHA==

15-19. Expert was a national official electoral monitor

f6297549 Location:

Variable Format: character

Notes: UNF:6:qjThYTBkq01FkmviqV1lWw==

15-19b. Expert was a international official electoral monitor

f6297549 Location:

Variable Format: character

Notes: UNF:6:4gwO5thOoc1NsbIqQj4qEQ==

15-20. Expert was an election official

f6297549 Location:

Variable Format: character

Notes: UNF:6:+9TqJzWPX8vooH51ivqtSg==

15-21. Expert is a citizen of this country (0/1)

f6297549 Location:

Variable Format: character

Notes: UNF:6:MFuMOizWhQvN5EW4sVXbXg==

15-22. Support the winning or losing side

f6297549 Location:

Variable Format: character

Notes: UNF:6:FJZP+oARKinrin7G9cAgwA==

15-23. Political views on 10pt left/right scale

f6297549 Location:

Summary Statistics: StDev 1.6343206270501134; Mean 4.339101123595504; Min. 1.0; Valid 4450.0; Max. 10.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:14ZqWONV8OYezS1KmT1qiA==

15-24. How difficult did you find the survey? (1-10)

f6297549 Location:

Summary Statistics: Mean 8.535587975243148; Max. 10.0; Valid 4524.0; Min. 1.0; StDev 1.5662304037543417;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:xU1VGh4KZY9jNzVLfAQHDA==

VIGNETTES SECTION

f6297549 Location:

Summary Statistics: StDev NaN; Max. NaN; Min. NaN; Valid 0.0; Mean NaN;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:cro0/92obgTPjxq4JfyW0A==

16-1. Vignette A (Queues)

f6297549 Location:

Summary Statistics: Min. 1.0; Valid 2465.0; Max. 10.0; StDev 2.3823643482430623; Mean 4.619878296146047;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:SlxOM432pTq6fdgNqzvh/A==

16-2. Vignette B (Boycotts)

f6297549 Location:

Summary Statistics: Min. 0.0; Max. 10.0; Mean 7.300162469536964; Valid 2462.0; StDev 2.743925353391848;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:M+qPXhuYhOhSlOS3gI9lFA==

16-3. Vignette C (Violence)

f6297549 Location:

Summary Statistics: Max. 10.0; StDev 2.9496896051329897; Mean 7.716727716727716; Valid 2457.0; Min. 0.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:uc8st++7UKK28TAHm/lHjQ==

16-4. Vignette D (High)

f6297549 Location:

Summary Statistics: Min. 2.0; StDev 2.0009335256083878; Max. 10.0; Valid 1841.0; Mean 8.696903856599672;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:Ub5C8KwWJkZd9PploW7p8g==

16-5. Vignette E (Moderate)

f6297549 Location:

Summary Statistics: Max. 10.0; Mean 5.391091797935906; Min. 1.0; StDev 1.9094180062382438; Valid 1841.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:sAmbsX0SBepXSaGG2BiUoA==

16-6. Vignette F (Low)

f6297549 Location:

Summary Statistics: Max. 10.0; Min. 1.0; Mean 2.675176534492124; StDev 2.5285065586603124; Valid 1841.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:gufb6qlNN3LZqelAUG5S0g==

ROTATING MODULES

f6297549 Location:

Summary Statistics: Valid 0.0; Mean NaN; Max. NaN; StDev NaN; Min. NaN

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:cro0/92obgTPjxq4JfyW0A==

17-1. Voters were bribed (1-5)[N]

f6297549 Location:

Variable Format: character

Notes: UNF:6:hPJ6Zat3pAVbP8FVRI4NgQ==

17-1b. Voters were bribed (1-5)[P]

f6297549 Location:

Variable Format: character

Notes: UNF:6:hPJ6Zat3pAVbP8FVRI4NgQ==

17-2. People were free to vote without feeling pressured (1-5)[P]

f6297549 Location:

Variable Format: character

Notes: UNF:6:sWf+k33CaVNdOg7Dun5zXA==

17-3. Some voters feared becoming victims of political violence (1-5)[N]

f6297549 Location:

Variable Format: character

Notes: UNF:6:utRVACJCX3eS+akkln1tSQ==

17-3b. Some voters feared becoming victims of political violence (1-5)[P]

f6297549 Location:

Variable Format: character

Notes: UNF:6:utRVACJCX3eS+akkln1tSQ==

17-4. The process kept the ballot confidential (1-5)[P]

f6297549 Location:

Variable Format: character

Notes: UNF:6:zlH3/FF2c4PZI+eYfrRcfg==

17-5. Elections were free and fair(1-5)[P]

f6297549 Location:

Variable Format: character

Notes: UNF:6:vKwNZUe4SA9L/dM94V9IoQ==

17-6. Some people received cash, gifts or personal favors in exchange for their

f6297549 Location:

Variable Format: character

Notes: UNF:6:Zv+TL918xWOF48bO4/t94A==

17-6b. Some people received cash, gifts or personal favors in exchange for their

f6297549 Location:

Variable Format: character

Notes: UNF:6:Zv+TL918xWOF48bO4/t94A==

17-7. Politicians offered patronage to their supporters (1-5)[N]

f6297549 Location:

Variable Format: character

Notes: UNF:6:E/zCnY/vVaz1k1LtDp3HMw==

17-7b. Politicians offered patronage to their supporters (1-5)[P]

f6297549 Location:

Variable Format: character

Notes: UNF:6:E/zCnY/vVaz1k1LtDp3HMw==

18-1. Voting results were subject to a post-election audit (1-5)[P]

f6297549 Location:

Variable Format: character

Notes: UNF:6:by3drhf2zdIjwDxWs5/jrQ==

18-2. Official election records were safe from hacking (1-5)[P]

f6297549 Location:

Variable Format: character

Notes: UNF:6:QqNo9a1sqbn7CHxQJw/W+w==

18-3. Most news media reporting about the campaign was factually accurate (1-5)[

f6297549 Location:

Variable Format: character

Notes: UNF:6:gVoKJy/L+dUZJUspKelcQw==

18-4. Most news media reporting about the government's record was true to the fa

f6297549 Location:

Variable Format: character

Notes: UNF:6:x3GVRklJ7kTFD9ECvfX6gA==

18-6. Much news was fake (1-5)[N]

f6297549 Location:

Variable Format: character

Notes: UNF:6:7kBv+w5pHDTjCjOZ2n1Mjw==

18-6b. Much news was fake (1-5)[P]

f6297549 Location:

Variable Format: character

Notes: UNF:6:7kBv+w5pHDTjCjOZ2n1Mjw==

19-1. Campaign media spread hate speech (1-5)[N]

f6297549 Location:

Variable Format: character

Notes: UNF:6:4M/5TG2A52kpLkNce/PdnA==

19-1b. Campaign media spread hate speech (1-5)[P]

f6297549 Location:

Variable Format: character

Notes: UNF:6:4M/5TG2A52kpLkNce/PdnA==

19-2. Campaign media allowed informed voting choices (1-5)[P]

f6297549 Location:

Variable Format: character

Notes: UNF:6:KVUfHhNVpMDG+GP3qUeAQw==

19-3. Foreign interests interfered in the campaign (1-5)[N]

f6297549 Location:

Variable Format: character

Notes: UNF:6:NtSqKcx/zpObCJYcjSh8Wg==

19-3b. Foreign interests interfered in the campaign (1-5)[P]

f6297549 Location:

Variable Format: character

Notes: UNF:6:NtSqKcx/zpObCJYcjSh8Wg==

19-4. Media watch groups monitored campaign news (1-5)[P]

f6297549 Location:

Variable Format: character

Notes: UNF:6:DmnghHZBhRKMp9Qm5rKegg==

19-5. Cyberattacks on official voting records occurred during the election (1-5)

f6297549 Location:

Variable Format: character

Notes: UNF:6:YHnb+APwGdO8Iw8mrk+PMg==

19-5b. Cyberattacks on official voting records occurred during the election (1-5

f6297549 Location:

Variable Format: character

Notes: UNF:6:YHnb+APwGdO8Iw8mrk+PMg==

19-6. Campaign news generally reflected the diversity of views and interests in

f6297549 Location:

Variable Format: character

Notes: UNF:6:89nRXSX2GqN6px0TUFE99A==

19-7. Campaign news generally maintained high journalistic standards (1-5)[P]

f6297549 Location:

Variable Format: character

Notes: UNF:6:rB9UQSbSM1LitmVmwe0UIA==

19-8. Journalists were often highly partisan in their campaign reporting (1-5)[N

f6297549 Location:

Variable Format: character

Notes: UNF:6:iv9cVHHpxJ+M7UiMxHQSRA==

19-8b. Journalists were often highly partisan in their campaign reporting (1-5)[

f6297549 Location:

Variable Format: character

Notes: UNF:6:iv9cVHHpxJ+M7UiMxHQSRA==

19-9. Social media often contained fake news (1-5)[N]

f6297549 Location:

Variable Format: character

Notes: UNF:6:QRamyagcmXxG2YNI7YRy/Q==

19-9b. Social media often contained fake news (1-5)[P]

f6297549 Location:

Variable Format: character

Notes: UNF:6:QRamyagcmXxG2YNI7YRy/Q==

Country name

f6297543 Location:

Variable Format: character

Notes: UNF:6:MvATZiqInPALl87DozModw==

ISO country code

f6297543 Location:

Variable Format: character

Notes: UNF:6:MWsMl7ESWhatU55vC9beIw==

Election Code

f6297543 Location:

Variable Format: character

Notes: UNF:6:U3NrrBoWMPbhspoauvESfQ==

Year of election

f6297543 Location:

Summary Statistics: StDev 2.3961081228981853; Mean 2015.9980392156863; Valid 4590.0; Max. 2021.0; Min. 2012.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:dOtcAOf9NHSQPWSup15eGg==

Election Date

f6297543 Location:

Variable Format: character

Notes: UNF:6:5Ull8hPhYY2Y5IHg2DyxMg==

what government body was this election for?

f6297543 Location:

Summary Statistics: StDev 0.4804693966311999; Max. 1.0; Min. 0.0; Mean 0.3614379084967326; Valid 4590.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:HIQvtRsaB+aVfmolXOtJSw==

COUNTRY DATA SECTION

f6297543 Location:

Summary Statistics: Min. NaN; StDev NaN; Max. NaN; Mean NaN; Valid 0.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:cro0/92obgTPjxq4JfyW0A==

Freedom House Political Rights Scale

f6297543 Location:

Summary Statistics: StDev 1.9499503939069482; Max. 7.0; Valid 4585.0; Min. 1.0; Mean 2.8407851690294357

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:IRIvWdLppouRaIKNxHBmRg==

Freedom House Civil Liberties Scale

f6297543 Location:

Summary Statistics: Valid 4585.0; Max. 7.0; StDev 1.7751529430685562; Mean 2.8486368593238782; Min. 1.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:gXasr8QR+qi5Sa94OZyPFw==

Freedom House Score (Free,Partially Free, Not Free)

f6297543 Location:

Value

Label

Frequency

Text

0.

Not Free

762

2.

Free

2467

1.

Partly Free

1356

Summary Statistics: Valid 4585.0; Max. 2.0; StDev 0.7523915558163956; Min. 0.0; Mean 1.3718647764449272;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:fdjggED0VLMOS8YrQaUMRA==

World Bank income level (Low, lower-middle, upper-middle, high)

f6297543 Location:

Value

Label

Frequency

Text

2.

Lower-middle income

1085

3.

Upper-middle income

1269

4.

High income

1781

1.

Low income

450

Summary Statistics: Mean 2.9555070883315135; Valid 4585.0; Min. 1.0; Max. 4.0; StDev 1.0079227431269229

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:rQxFwsWDlZRONxEIDLfP2A==

GDP per capita, PPP, current international $

f6297543 Location:

Summary Statistics: Min. 698.88959; StDev 18277.69899151278; Max. 98520.03125; Valid 4540.0; Mean 22813.593570652123

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:ZrgtEPuSY09mDksVY+3HAg==

Geographic region (UN classification, 1-5)

f6297543 Location:

Value

Label

Frequency

Text

2.

Americas

818

4.

Europe

1696

5.

Oceania

167

3.

Asia

1121

1.

Africa

788

Summary Statistics: Mean 2.9206971677559896; StDev 1.1721633107171214; Valid 4590.0; Min. 1.0; Max. 5.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:+tm+lhVdRHvwn81HAPExhQ==

Geographic region (World Bank classification, 1-9)

f6297543 Location:

Value

Label

Frequency

Text

3.

East Asia & Pacific

575

2.

West & Central Africa

325

5.

Eastern Europe

1075

8.

North Africa

58

4.

South Asia

238

6.

Western Europe

895

1.

East & Southern Africa

393

9.

Americas

818

7.

Middle East

213

Summary Statistics: Max. 9.0; StDev 2.4236966929483104; Valid 4590.0; Mean 5.18126361655773; Min. 1.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:ZFc7/O+kntkHAK/C2wprDw==

OECD country (0/1)

f6297543 Location:

Value

Label

Frequency

Text

1.

OECD

1607

0.

non-OECD

2983

Summary Statistics: Valid 4590.0; Mean 0.35010893246187297; Max. 1.0; Min. 0.0; StDev 0.4770558144094303

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:BpANDny2gPHR9uq/TzQ3sA==

OVERALL INTEGRITY SECTION

f6297543 Location:

Summary Statistics: Valid 0.0; Min. NaN; StDev NaN; Mean NaN; Max. NaN;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:cro0/92obgTPjxq4JfyW0A==

PEI index of electoral integrity, (0-100), raw

f6297543 Location:

Summary Statistics: Mean 56.239587675247876; Min. 1.5306122303009033; Max. 94.89795684814453; StDev 18.834387319307396; Valid 784.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:UQRfuN6qFuaN0n8Rntf52w==

PEI index of electoral integrity, (0-100), imputed

f6297543 Location:

Summary Statistics: Max. 95.96939086914062; Valid 4554.0; Min. 0.1960151046514511; StDev 18.71607776899055; Mean 58.765402803304575

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:BqFAiTvUlI2DEcs7M2hkWA==

PEItype

f6297543 Location:

Value

Label

Frequency

Text

1.

Very Low

869

4.

High

936

2.

Low

556

3.

Moderate

777

5.

Very High

1452

Summary Statistics: StDev 1.4949087389207432; Mean 3.3368191721132954; Min. 1.0; Valid 4590.0; Max. 5.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:2t02lK0i9mpCPGB/mNoaTA==

Rate electoral integrity of the election (1=very poor->10=very good)

f6297543 Location:

Summary Statistics: Max. 10.0; StDev 2.693757039861874; Valid 4309.0; Min. 1.0; Mean 6.723369691343705;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:RT/LK6VHnBsp3fLuuytYGQ==

ELECTORAL LAWS SECTION

f6297543 Location:

Summary Statistics: Valid 0.0; Max. NaN; StDev NaN; Min. NaN; Mean NaN

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:cro0/92obgTPjxq4JfyW0A==

1-1a. Electoral laws were unfair to smaller parties (1-5)[N]

f6297543 Location:

Value

Label

Frequency

Text

4.

Agree

1041

2.

Disagree

1336

1.

Strongly Disagree

717

5.

Strongly Agree

702

2147483635.

Not Applicable

0

3.

Neither agree nor disagree

522

2147483625.

Don't know

0

Summary Statistics: Valid 4318.0; Min. 1.0; Max. 5.0; Mean 2.924733672996763; StDev 1.3637263162998345

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:134C3Zknquhz9h41SN6HNQ==

1-1b. Electoral laws were unfair to smaller parties (1-5)[P]

f6297543 Location:

Value

Label

Frequency

Text

1.

Strongly Agree

702

2147483635.

Not Applicable

0

5.

Strongly Disagree

717

2147483625.

Don't know

0

4.

Disagree

1336

3.

Neither agree nor disagree

522

2.

Agree

1041

Summary Statistics: StDev 1.3637263162998345; Min. 1.0; Mean 3.075266327003237; Max. 5.0; Valid 4318.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:MwCumi1PObXrunibb+BVLg==

1-2a. Electoral laws favored the governing party or parties (1-5)[N]

f6297543 Location:

Value

Label

Frequency

Text

4.

Agree

892

1.

Strongly Disagree

914

2.

Disagree

1220

2147483635.

Not Applicable

0

3.

Neither agree nor disagree

491

2147483625.

Don't know

0

5.

Strongly Agree

868

Summary Statistics: Valid 4385.0; Mean 2.904218928164194; StDev 1.4486159350365955; Min. 1.0; Max. 5.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:aebd2Eax73snb/tGmGM/ZQ==

1-2b. Electoral laws favored the governing party or parties (1-5)[P]

f6297543 Location:

Value

Label

Frequency

Text

2147483625.

Don't know

0

4.

Disagree

1220

1.

Strongly Agree

868

5.

Strongly Disagree

914

3.

Neither agree nor disagree

491

2.

Agree

892

2147483635.

Not Applicable

0

Summary Statistics: Max. 5.0; Mean 3.095781071835806; StDev 1.4486159350365955; Valid 4385.0; Min. 1.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:enCroMLZqkJ7Y3oyYRSn/g==

1-3a. Elections laws restricted citizens' rights (1-5)[N]

f6297543 Location:

Value

Label

Frequency

Text

2147483625.

Don't know

0

1.

Strongly Disagree

1485

2.

Disagree

1420

2147483635.

Not Applicable

0

5.

Strongly Agree

486

3.

Neither agree nor disagree

444

4.

Agree

658

Summary Statistics: Mean 2.3857111061651475; StDev 1.3565712445843159; Valid 4493.0; Min. 1.0; Max. 5.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:SDGuWm76wsmiGXdwuWxhJQ==

1-3b. Elections laws restricted citizens' rights (1-5)[P]

f6297543 Location:

Value

Label

Frequency

Text

2147483625.

Don't know

0

2147483635.

Not Applicable

0

1.

Strongly Agree

486

5.

Strongly Disagree

1485

3.

Neither agree nor disagree

444

4.

Disagree

1420

2.

Agree

658

Summary Statistics: Max. 5.0; StDev 1.3565712445843159; Min. 1.0; Mean 3.6142888938348525; Valid 4493.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:Vx7u9sfeIQwwRrA9lJpznw==

1-4. Electoral laws index (0-100)

f6297543 Location:

Summary Statistics: Max. 100.0; StDev 27.706264551087; Mean 61.11951567799566; Min. 0.0; Valid 4242.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:ZiEkhZUWWO28P1xisrBAZQ==

1-4i. Electoral laws index (0-100), imputed

f6297543 Location:

Summary Statistics: Mean 56.25987658552752; StDev 29.901786146525147; Valid 4586.0; Max. 100.0; Min. -0.8484646677970886

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:AeGIYOAKrKMnN7kp/xNm5Q==

ELECTORAL PROCEDURES SECTION

f6297543 Location:

Summary Statistics: Max. NaN; Mean NaN; Valid 0.0; Min. NaN; StDev NaN;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:cro0/92obgTPjxq4JfyW0A==

2-1. Elections were well managed (1-5)[P]

f6297543 Location:

Value

Label

Frequency

Text

2147483635.

Not Applicable

0

5.

Strongly Agree

1289

2.

Disagree

706

3.

Neither agree nor disagree

375

1.

Strongly Disagree

417

4.

Agree

1740

2147483625.

Don't know

0

Summary Statistics: Min. 1.0; Mean 3.6136514247846288; Valid 4527.0; Max. 5.0; StDev 1.2928707897197136;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:fApdeyxw+xXCH6obeU2dNg==

2-2. Information about voting procedures was widely available (1-5)[P]

f6297543 Location:

Value

Label

Frequency

Text

2147483635.

Not Applicable

0

4.

Agree

1866

2.

Disagree

499

2147483625.

Don't know

0

5.

Strongly Agree

1565

3.

Neither agree nor disagree

339

1.

Strongly Disagree

193

Summary Statistics: Max. 5.0; Valid 4462.0; StDev 1.1213512239172656; Min. 1.0; Mean 3.9213357238906323

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:9cYdRpyN+VVLniYwkPO98Q==

2-3. Election officials were fair (1-5)[P]

f6297543 Location:

Value

Label

Frequency

Text

3.

Neither agree nor disagree

463

4.

Agree

1405

1.

Strongly Disagree

461

2147483635.

Not Applicable

0

2147483625.

Don't know

0

2.

Disagree

580

5.

Strongly Agree

1490

Summary Statistics: Min. 1.0; Mean 3.6553762218686057; StDev 1.340212219451841; Valid 4399.0; Max. 5.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:RYwOQ7OOm5fBwLactROQZg==

2-4. Elections were conducted in accordance with the law (1-5)[P]

f6297543 Location:

Value

Label

Frequency

Text

2.

Disagree

479

4.

Agree

1593

2147483635.

Not Applicable

0

5.

Strongly Agree

1707

3.

Neither agree nor disagree

390

1.

Strongly Disagree

334

2147483625.

Don't know

0

Summary Statistics: Min. 1.0; Valid 4503.0; Max. 5.0; Mean 3.857206306906508; StDev 1.2404395524503005;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:aKZgadYE6o3ZH0ra4afFbA==

2-5. Electoral procedures index (0-100)

f6297543 Location:

Summary Statistics: Mean 72.09595665346073; Valid 4291.0; Max. 100.0; StDev 25.645602422719897; Min. 0.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:qI8MgFyVqW4HnHDZK+yb0w==

2-5i. Electoral procedures index (0-100), imputed

f6297543 Location:

Summary Statistics: Max. 100.0; Min. 0.0; Valid 4584.0; Mean 68.85780348323199; StDev 27.51392773733962;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:KMD8yjCiOSAFt6EmP9MF4g==

BOUNDARIES FOR VOTING DISTRICTS SECTION

f6297543 Location:

Summary Statistics: Mean NaN; Min. NaN; StDev NaN; Valid 0.0; Max. NaN

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:cro0/92obgTPjxq4JfyW0A==

3-1a. Boundaries discriminated against some parties (1-5)[N]

f6297543 Location:

Value

Label

Frequency

Text

2147483625.

Don't know

0

3.

Neither agree nor disagree

448

1.

Strongly Disagree

586

4.

Agree

668

2.

Disagree

891

5.

Strongly Agree

365

2147483635.

Not Applicable

0

Summary Statistics: Mean 2.775185936443545; Valid 2958.0; StDev 1.3278192800573656; Max. 5.0; Min. 1.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:OKQn+p42UMXuePVrqnkcvw==

3-1b. Boundaries discriminated against some parties (1-5)[P]

f6297543 Location:

Value

Label

Frequency

Text

1.

Strongly Agree

365

4.

Disagree

891

3.

Neither agree nor disagree

448

5.

Strongly Disagree

586

2147483625.

Don't know

0

2147483635.

Not Applicable

0

2.

Agree

668

Summary Statistics: Max. 5.0; StDev 1.3278192800573656; Mean 3.224814063556455; Valid 2958.0; Min. 1.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:sLWKsvB8C/vNloUrDNC2YA==

3-2a. Boundaries favored incumbents (1-5)[N]

f6297543 Location:

Value

Label

Frequency

Text

5.

Strongly Agree

352

2147483635.

Not Applicable

0

4.

Agree

571

2147483625.

Don't know

0

1.

Strongly Disagree

636

3.

Neither agree nor disagree

524

2.

Disagree

881

Summary Statistics: Valid 2964.0; Mean 2.703778677462892; Min. 1.0; Max. 5.0; StDev 1.3175926972959897;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:5DNbajkqPyhXmZhfEtA8dg==

3-2b. Boundaries favored incumbents (1-5)[P]

f6297543 Location:

Value

Label

Frequency

Text

3.

Neither agree nor disagree

524

1.

Strongly Agree

352

5.

Strongly Disagree

636

4.

Disagree

881

2147483625.

Don't know

0

2.

Agree

571

2147483635.

Not Applicable

0

Summary Statistics: StDev 1.3175926972959897; Min. 1.0; Valid 2964.0; Mean 3.296221322537108; Max. 5.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:Ip6G9SAP/MLAs2AdEsFVgA==

3-3. Boundaries were impartial (1-5)[P]

f6297543 Location:

Value

Label

Frequency

Text

1.

Strongly Disagree

379

3.

Neither agree nor disagree

587

5.

Strongly Agree

512

2147483635.

Not Applicable

0

2147483625.

Don't know

0

2.

Disagree

724

4.

Agree

861

Summary Statistics: Max. 5.0; Mean 3.1315703558602643; Valid 3063.0; StDev 1.2900636628765372; Min. 1.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:Ncq8mKK8fQ8U23x5e27Cog==

3-4. Voting district boundaries index (0-100)

f6297543 Location:

Summary Statistics: StDev 26.099689745252924; Min. 0.0; Mean 59.81989419890641; Valid 2844.0; Max. 100.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:6QMH1WxG4WH4N2M/IW9swA==

3-4i. Voting district boundaries index (0-100), imputed

f6297543 Location:

Summary Statistics: StDev 24.201404188044798; Max. 100.74967956542969; Mean 56.38180468447199; Valid 4575.0; Min. 0.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:oF3ERtkEoqYXD0XG7esvig==

VOTER REGISTRATION SECTION

f6297543 Location:

Summary Statistics: Valid 0.0; Min. NaN; Mean NaN; StDev NaN; Max. NaN;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:cro0/92obgTPjxq4JfyW0A==

4-1a. Some citizens were not listed in the register (1-5)[N]

f6297543 Location:

Value

Label

Frequency

Text

1.

Strongly Disagree

781

2147483625.

Don't know

0

4.

Agree

1190

3.

Neither agree nor disagree

378

2.

Disagree

871

5.

Strongly Agree

557

2147483635.

Not Applicable

0

Summary Statistics: Valid 3777.0; Mean 2.9658459094519403; Min. 1.0; Max. 5.0; StDev 1.4007218669299142

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:kw2H/6FGjG3B0crWR18EEQ==

4-1b. Some citizens were not listed in the register (1-5)[P]

f6297543 Location:

Value

Label

Frequency

Text

4.

Disagree

871

2.

Agree

1190

2147483635.

Not Applicable

0

1.

Strongly Agree

557

5.

Strongly Disagree

781

2147483625.

Don't know

0

3.

Neither agree nor disagree

378

Summary Statistics: Valid 3777.0; Max. 5.0; StDev 1.4007218669299142; Min. 1.0; Mean 3.0341540905480597

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:EGZiDcMvGNT7MDCBiZhbuA==

4-2a. The electoral register was inaccurate (1-5)[N]

f6297543 Location:

Value

Label

Frequency

Text

3.

Neither agree nor disagree

521

2.

Disagree

1184

4.

Agree

877

2147483625.

Don't know

0

1.

Strongly Disagree

873

5.

Strongly Agree

476

2147483635.

Not Applicable

0

Summary Statistics: StDev 1.3486993427134715; Min. 1.0; Valid 3931.0; Max. 5.0; Mean 2.7199185957771586;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:ZocRDhFfJlMyCshPQ67HuQ==

4-2b. The electoral register was inaccurate (1-5)[P]

f6297543 Location:

Value

Label

Frequency

Text

5.

Strongly Disagree

873

4.

Disagree

1184

2147483625.

Don't know

0

3.

Neither agree nor disagree

521

1.

Strongly Agree

476

2.

Agree

877

2147483635.

Not Applicable

0

Summary Statistics: StDev 1.3486993427134715; Min. 1.0; Valid 3931.0; Mean 3.2800814042228414; Max. 5.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:axUsLKsI9DxKsQpsUOUH1Q==

4-3a. Some ineligible electors were registered (1-5)[N]

f6297543 Location:

Value

Label

Frequency

Text

4.

Agree

712

5.

Strongly Agree

317

2147483625.

Don't know

0

3.

Neither agree nor disagree

511

2.

Disagree

1002

1.

Strongly Disagree

868

2147483635.

Not Applicable

0

Summary Statistics: Mean 2.591788856304985; Valid 3410.0; Min. 1.0; Max. 5.0; StDev 1.3139781581781043

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:BcSRFxkDgMZpskQ9DBSajA==

4-3b. Some ineligible electors were registered (1-5)[P]

f6297543 Location:

Value

Label

Frequency

Text

5.

Strongly Disagree

868

1.

Strongly Agree

317

4.

Disagree

1002

2147483635.

Not Applicable

0

2147483625.

Don't know

0

3.

Neither agree nor disagree

511

2.

Agree

712

Summary Statistics: Mean 3.408211143695015; Valid 3410.0; StDev 1.3139781581781043; Max. 5.0; Min. 1.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:DJVlH5WSrCXYUtF3dYWLZA==

4-4. Voter registration index (0-100)

f6297543 Location:

Summary Statistics: Mean 61.66240618601744; Max. 100.0; StDev 28.447062591868505; Valid 3240.0; Min. 0.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:4nLGmhPrAUZQhoYVD7hQrA==

4-4i. Voter registration index (0-100), imputed

f6297543 Location:

Summary Statistics: StDev 29.154624665987473; Valid 4572.0; Max. 100.09817504882812; Min. 0.0; Mean 55.659836383655374;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:e/mxqLR4O0WyBudmtdgKzw==

PARTY AND CANDIDATE REGISTRATION SECTION

f6297543 Location:

Summary Statistics: StDev NaN; Valid 0.0; Max. NaN; Mean NaN; Min. NaN;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:cro0/92obgTPjxq4JfyW0A==

5-1a. Some opposition candidates were prevented from running (1-5)[N]

f6297543 Location:

Value

Label

Frequency

Text

3.

Neither agree nor disagree

235

2147483635.

Not Applicable

0

2147483625.

Don't know

0

1.

Strongly Disagree

1682

5.

Strongly Agree

507

4.

Agree

575

2.

Disagree

1345

Summary Statistics: Min. 1.0; Mean 2.2817679558011; StDev 1.393640040766695; Max. 5.0; Valid 4344.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:YWWHByqrNvFrVLy/6lUq0A==

5-1b. Some opposition candidates were prevented from running (1-5)[P]

f6297543 Location:

Value

Label

Frequency

Text

1.

Strongly Agree

507

2147483625.

Don't know

0

4.

Disagree

1345

2.

Agree

575

5.

Strongly Disagree

1682

2147483635.

Not Applicable

0

3.

Neither agree nor disagree

235

Summary Statistics: StDev 1.393640040766695; Max. 5.0; Min. 1.0; Valid 4344.0; Mean 3.7182320441989;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:jq1xo8TLTeisf0vdhWfDow==

5-2. Women had equal opportunities to run for office (1-5)[P]

f6297543 Location:

Value

Label

Frequency

Text

3.

Neither agree nor disagree

513

5.

Strongly Agree

1210

2147483635.

Not Applicable

0

2.

Disagree

890

4.

Agree

1561

2147483625.

Don't know

0

1.

Strongly Disagree

322

Summary Statistics: Min. 1.0; StDev 1.2697552993479264; Mean 3.5442615658362997; Max. 5.0; Valid 4496.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:7rEdgUrFmghSMdRff5jM7g==

5-3. Ethnic and national minorities had equal opportunities to run for office (1

f6297543 Location:

Value

Label

Frequency

Text

5.

Strongly Agree

968

4.

Agree

1548

2.

Disagree

855

3.

Neither agree nor disagree

574

2147483625.

Don't know

0

2147483635.

Not Applicable

0

1.

Strongly Disagree

376

Summary Statistics: StDev 1.2696282645428099; Mean 3.4343901874566063; Valid 4321.0; Max. 5.0; Min. 1.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:+qbPwC0r5r9vv+e64/bzkg==

5-4a. Only top party leaders selected candidates (1-5)[N]

f6297543 Location:

Value

Label

Frequency

Text

2147483625.

Don't know

0

3.

Neither agree nor disagree

649

2147483635.

Not Applicable

0

5.

Strongly Agree

737

1.

Strongly Disagree

504

2.

Disagree

1157

4.

Agree

1140

Summary Statistics: Mean 3.107236684977308; Max. 5.0; Valid 4187.0; Min. 1.0; StDev 1.3126648626643125

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:Sl/FTzl30a0ctJwPnkow6Q==

5-4b. Only top party leaders selected candidates (1-5)[P]

f6297543 Location:

Value

Label

Frequency

Text

1.

Strongly Agree

737

2.

Agree

1140

3.

Neither agree nor disagree

649

5.

Strongly Disagree

504

4.

Disagree

1157

2147483625.

Don't know

0

2147483635.

Not Applicable

0

Summary Statistics: Valid 4187.0; Min. 1.0; Max. 5.0; Mean 2.892763315022692; StDev 1.3126648626643125

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:odT5403NfnzzlPeTYbWLCA==

5-5a. Some parties/candidates were restricted from holding campaign rallies (1-5

f6297543 Location:

Value

Label

Frequency

Text

4.

Agree

713

5.

Strongly Agree

484

3.

Neither agree nor disagree

370

1.

Strongly Disagree

1344

2.

Disagree

1368

2147483625.

Don't know

0

2147483635.

Not Applicable

0

Summary Statistics: StDev 1.3738686083849607; Mean 2.4449637765833114; Valid 4279.0; Max. 5.0; Min. 1.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:bXwva8xoodDI/eQQvFxZ/Q==

5-5b. Some parties/candidates were restricted from holding campaign rallies (1-5

f6297543 Location:

Value

Label

Frequency

Text

1.

Strongly Agree

484

2147483625.

Don't know

0

4.

Disagree

1368

2147483635.

Not Applicable

0

2.

Agree

713

5.

Strongly Disagree

1344

3.

Neither agree nor disagree

370

Summary Statistics: Mean 3.5550362234166886; Valid 4279.0; Min. 1.0; StDev 1.3738686083849607; Max. 5.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:JA9WwxCXFA5g0MVYq+wzmA==

5-6. Party and candidate registration index (0-100)

f6297543 Location:

Summary Statistics: Valid 3719.0; Min. 0.0; Mean 65.03388007528909; Max. 100.0; StDev 21.908556908609487

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:eV3JR/pQ628OqOaK8RnQrg==

5-6i. Party and candidate registration index (0-100), imputed

f6297543 Location:

Summary Statistics: Valid 4583.0; StDev 23.393529344865478; Min. 0.0; Mean 60.53456868010529; Max. 100.72946166992188

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:IACHvZp8Xg2GzKI9Mc7DtQ==

MEDIA COVERAGE SECTION

f6297543 Location:

Summary Statistics: Min. NaN; Mean NaN; Valid 0.0; StDev NaN; Max. NaN;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:cro0/92obgTPjxq4JfyW0A==

6-1. Newspapers provided balanced election news (1-5)[P]

f6297543 Location:

Value

Label

Frequency

Text

4.

Agree

1334

2.

Disagree

1383

2147483635.

Not Applicable

0

1.

Strongly Disagree

816

5.

Strongly Agree

267

2147483625.

Don't know

0

3.

Neither agree nor disagree

680

Summary Statistics: Min. 1.0; Max. 5.0; Valid 4480.0; Mean 2.7439732142857123; StDev 1.228097896032042

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:lT5448SU1rD5jfxHBov1jg==

6-2a. TV news favored the governing party (1-5)[N]

f6297543 Location:

Value

Label

Frequency

Text

2147483625.

Don't know

0

3.

Neither agree nor disagree

716

1.

Strongly Disagree

487

2.

Disagree

1287

5.

Strongly Agree

828

2147483635.

Not Applicable

0

4.

Agree

972

Summary Statistics: Min. 1.0; Valid 4290.0; StDev 1.3212755837706909; Mean 3.0855477855477833; Max. 5.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:HP81Gt2iC+y/YRKh3oZJTQ==

6-2b. TV news favored the governing party (1-5)[P]

f6297543 Location:

Value

Label

Frequency

Text

2147483635.

Not Applicable

0

2147483625.

Don't know

0

3.

Neither agree nor disagree

716

1.

Strongly Agree

828

2.

Agree

972

4.

Disagree

1287

5.

Strongly Disagree

487

Summary Statistics: Min. 1.0; Valid 4290.0; StDev 1.3212755837706909; Mean 2.9144522144522167; Max. 5.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:I5Kp64DK36z6/E1FhsnwiA==

6-3. Parties/candidates had fair access to political broadcasts and advertising

f6297543 Location:

Value

Label

Frequency

Text

3.

Neither agree nor disagree

544

5.

Strongly Agree

468

1.

Strongly Disagree

692

4.

Agree

1508

2.

Disagree

1180

2147483635.

Not Applicable

0

2147483625.

Don't know

0

Summary Statistics: Min. 1.0; Valid 4392.0; StDev 1.2915577631625323; Mean 2.972677595628418; Max. 5.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:34Tsct9Q/xirjKo33TTLew==

6-4. Journalists provided fair coverage of the elections (1-5)[P]

f6297543 Location:

Value

Label

Frequency

Text

2147483625.

Don't know

0

2147483635.

Not Applicable

0

4.

Agree

1461

1.

Strongly Disagree

580

5.

Strongly Agree

307

2.

Disagree

1225

3.

Neither agree nor disagree

900

Summary Statistics: Max. 5.0; StDev 1.1786445340991363; Min. 1.0; Valid 4473.0; Mean 2.9306952828079575;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:AqOSjfyVlU9hC+ERJFBQcg==

6-5. Social media were used to expose electoral fraud (1-5)[P]

f6297543 Location:

Value

Label

Frequency

Text

5.

Strongly Agree

428

3.

Neither agree nor disagree

806

2147483625.

Don't know

0

4.

Agree

1342

2147483635.

Not Applicable

0

1.

Strongly Disagree

306

2.

Disagree

588

Summary Statistics: Max. 5.0; Valid 3470.0; Mean 3.287608069164266; StDev 1.1488983715450998; Min. 1.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:haRjfbXO8Sb5HRy8kOqT9w==

6-6. Media coverage index (0-100)

f6297543 Location:

Summary Statistics: Mean 50.936923076923094; Min. 0.0; Max. 100.0; StDev 19.302711359141483; Valid 3250.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:4qBaTQCPEBKmFlo3eWNddg==

6-6i. Media coverage index (0-100), imputed

f6297543 Location:

Summary Statistics: Mean 49.05356392394628; Valid 4576.0; Min. 0.0; Max. 100.0; StDev 20.31449943951081;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:2e/TYZpgl5GU6eSXAd7TRg==

CAMPAIGN FINANCE SECTION

f6297543 Location:

Summary Statistics: Valid 0.0; Min. NaN; Mean NaN; Max. NaN; StDev NaN

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:cro0/92obgTPjxq4JfyW0A==

7-1. Parties/candidates had equitable access to public political subsidies(1-5)[

f6297543 Location:

Value

Label

Frequency

Text

3.

Neither agree nor disagree

422

2.

Disagree

1085

5.

Strongly Agree

389

4.

Agree

1298

2147483625.

Don't know

0

1.

Strongly Disagree

681

2147483635.

Not Applicable

0

Summary Statistics: Max. 5.0; Min. 1.0; Mean 2.9042580645161222; StDev 1.30795980018865; Valid 3875.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:saSK6L2rJTycVHOSz5PExA==

7-2. Parties/candidates had equitable access to political donations(1-5)[P]

f6297543 Location:

Value

Label

Frequency

Text

5.

Strongly Agree

244

3.

Neither agree nor disagree

543

1.

Strongly Disagree

820

4.

Agree

924

2147483635.

Not Applicable

0

2.

Disagree

1404

2147483625.

Don't know

0

Summary Statistics: Valid 3935.0; Min. 1.0; StDev 1.2253824100419135; Mean 2.5852604828462518; Max. 5.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:Ja705Lenv2mI2JK7OiKrog==

7-3. Parties/candidates publish transparent financial accounts(1-5)[P]

f6297543 Location:

Value

Label

Frequency

Text

4.

Agree

631

2.

Disagree

1486

3.

Neither agree nor disagree

552

5.

Strongly Agree

152

1.

Strongly Disagree

1288

2147483625.

Don't know

0

2147483635.

Not Applicable

0

Summary Statistics: StDev 1.1568047467464915; Valid 4109.0; Min. 1.0; Max. 5.0; Mean 2.238987588220984

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:/hbqFW/NeoYUYfJ4fFoHNw==

7-4a. Rich people buy elections (1-5)[N]

f6297543 Location:

Value

Label

Frequency

Text

2147483625.

Don't know

0

2147483635.

Not Applicable

0

2.

Disagree

1103

1.

Strongly Disagree

665

3.

Neither agree nor disagree

924

5.

Strongly Agree

574

4.

Agree

1038

Summary Statistics: StDev 1.282973198960579; Min. 1.0; Valid 4304.0; Mean 2.9426115241635706; Max. 5.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:i5i6Yj5jgjotDhSZrsb5Vg==

7-4b. Rich people buy elections (Reversed coding)

f6297543 Location:

Value

Label

Frequency

Text

1.

Strongly Agree

574

5.

Strongly Disagree

665

4.

Disagree

1103

2147483625.

Don't know

0

2.

Agree

1038

2147483635.

Not Applicable

0

3.

Neither agree nor disagree

924

Summary Statistics: Mean 3.0573884758364294; StDev 1.282973198960579; Max. 5.0; Valid 4304.0; Min. 1.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:hwZ/SEotZWEM0wzxv/TnFA==

7-5a. Some state resources were improperly used for campaigning (1-5)[N]

f6297543 Location:

Value

Label

Frequency

Text

4.

Agree

1268

3.

Neither agree nor disagree

553

2.

Disagree

763

1.

Strongly Disagree

423

2147483625.

Don't know

0

5.

Strongly Agree

1086

2147483635.

Not Applicable

0

Summary Statistics: Mean 3.4473491326655292; Max. 5.0; StDev 1.3308784590079763; Min. 1.0; Valid 4093.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:lHj27JaV9YN4/hX4piSzAQ==

7-5b. Some state resources were improperly used for campaigning (1-5)[P]

f6297543 Location:

Value

Label

Frequency

Text

4.

Disagree

763

2147483625.

Don't know

0

2.

Agree

1268

2147483635.

Not Applicable

0

5.

Strongly Disagree

423

1.

Strongly Agree

1086

3.

Neither agree nor disagree

553

Summary Statistics: Mean 2.5526508673344708; StDev 1.3308784590079763; Valid 4093.0; Max. 5.0; Min. 1.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:MHrww5Q8Xe3bCy30RmYu5w==

7-6. Campaign finance index (0-100)

f6297543 Location:

Summary Statistics: Valid 3148.0; StDev 22.745027968113497; Max. 100.0; Min. 0.0; Mean 46.650889453621296;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:+lF9K1PQYrF//2LtuuHlZA==

7-6i. Campaign finance index (0-100), imputed

f6297543 Location:

Summary Statistics: Min. -1.429161787033081; StDev 23.64947633774073; Mean 41.65681480254477; Valid 4577.0; Max. 100.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:AexO/QGxWLv28Yqcs+E08A==

VOTING PROCESS SECTION

f6297543 Location:

Summary Statistics: StDev NaN; Valid 0.0; Min. NaN; Mean NaN; Max. NaN;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:cro0/92obgTPjxq4JfyW0A==

8-1a. Some voters were threatened with violence at the polls(1-5)[N]

f6297543 Location:

Value

Label

Frequency

Text

2147483625.

Don't know

0

4.

Agree

650

2147483635.

Not Applicable

0

2.

Disagree

1248

1.

Strongly Disagree

1663

5.

Strongly Agree

316

3.

Neither agree nor disagree

340

Summary Statistics: Valid 4217.0; Mean 2.219350248992176; Max. 5.0; StDev 1.3108166461449822; Min. 1.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:045COjfZj+zRN03mnwCd3w==

8-1b. Some voters were threatened with violence at the polls (1-5)[P]

f6297543 Location:

Value

Label

Frequency

Text

2147483635.

Not Applicable

0

2147483625.

Don't know

0

4.

Disagree

1248

2.

Agree

650

5.

Strongly Disagree

1663

1.

Strongly Agree

316

3.

Neither agree nor disagree

340

Summary Statistics: Mean 3.780649751007824; Valid 4217.0; Min. 1.0; Max. 5.0; StDev 1.3108166461449822;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:+iJeXrPovo1G6oOeYOsaAA==

8-2a. Some fraudulent votes were cast (1-5)[N]

f6297543 Location:

Value

Label

Frequency

Text

3.

Neither agree nor disagree

541

2147483625.

Don't know

0

4.

Agree

961

1.

Strongly Disagree

1012

2147483635.

Not Applicable

0

5.

Strongly Agree

478

2.

Disagree

907

Summary Statistics: Min. 1.0; Max. 5.0; Valid 3899.0; StDev 1.393038874904047; Mean 2.7399333162349286;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:AOpqbOcgzduYYyq42fnjfQ==

8-2b. Some fraudulent votes were cast (1-5)[P]

f6297543 Location:

Value

Label

Frequency

Text

2.

Agree

961

2147483635.

Not Applicable

0

5.

Strongly Disagree

1012

2147483625.

Don't know

0

4.

Disagree

907

1.

Strongly Agree

478

3.

Neither agree nor disagree

541

Summary Statistics: Max. 5.0; StDev 1.393038874904047; Valid 3899.0; Mean 3.2600666837650714; Min. 1.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:u9N7eyTLw4PPD9IEFSQxAA==

8-3. The process of voting was easy (1-1)[Y]

f6297543 Location:

Value

Label

Frequency

Text

2.

Disagree

402

4.

Agree

2152

5.

Strongly Agree

1388

3.

Neither agree nor disagree

419

2147483625.

Don't know

0

2147483635.

Not Applicable

0

1.

Strongly Disagree

122

Summary Statistics: StDev 1.0024499166800063; Valid 4483.0; Min. 1.0; Mean 3.9551639527102402; Max. 5.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:ExS+PCVvTNRXl2NzQJy9/A==

8-4. Voters were offered a genuine choice at the ballot box (1-5)[P]

f6297543 Location:

Value

Label

Frequency

Text

5.

Strongly Agree

1576

2147483625.

Don't know

0

4.

Agree

1742

3.

Neither agree nor disagree

406

2.

Disagree

427

1.

Strongly Disagree

349

2147483635.

Not Applicable

0

Summary Statistics: StDev 1.2214513274931538; Min. 1.0; Mean 3.837555555555557; Max. 5.0; Valid 4500.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:ZCYxiBNQzKzQznzciA//Dw==

8-5. Postal ballots were available (1-5)[P]

f6297543 Location:

Value

Label

Frequency

Text

2147483635.

Not Applicable

0

5.

Strongly Agree

803

4.

Agree

795

2147483625.

Don't know

0

3.

Neither agree nor disagree

221

1.

Strongly Disagree

835

2.

Disagree

548

Summary Statistics: StDev 1.5694423845386838; Mean 3.057151780137413; Min. 1.0; Max. 5.0; Valid 3202.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:CS5rbd3tuzob2Gu808ynmg==

8-6. Special voting facilities were available for the disabled (1-5)[P]

f6297543 Location:

Value

Label

Frequency

Text

1.

Strongly Disagree

337

2147483625.

Don't know

0

5.

Strongly Agree

693

2.

Disagree

592

3.

Neither agree nor disagree

457

4.

Agree

1230

2147483635.

Not Applicable

0

Summary Statistics: Mean 3.407978241160471; Valid 3309.0; Max. 5.0; StDev 1.2766185608668; Min. 1.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:bKdPXSzBWVOn0ZaH/Su/8g==

8-7. National citizens living abroad could vote (1-5)[P]

f6297543 Location:

Value

Label

Frequency

Text

2147483625.

Don't know

0

2147483635.

Not Applicable

0

4.

Agree

1547

3.

Neither agree nor disagree

244

5.

Strongly Agree

1165

2.

Disagree

444

1.

Strongly Disagree

611

Summary Statistics: Max. 5.0; Valid 4011.0; Mean 3.5512341062079296; StDev 1.4014795700723797; Min. 1.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:UUye8pEWrwuUx6lcPM3dIw==

8-8. Some form of internet voting was available (1-5)[P]

f6297543 Location:

Value

Label

Frequency

Text

4.

Agree

76

1.

Strongly Disagree

2169

5.

Strongly Agree

71

3.

Neither agree nor disagree

127

2.

Disagree

869

2147483635.

Not Applicable

0

2147483625.

Don't know

0

Summary Statistics: Valid 3312.0; Mean 1.4936594202898554; Min. 1.0; Max. 5.0; StDev 0.8495858332966372;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:wOqmIaGPb3wljxO3QAvbzw==

8-9. Voting process index (0-100)

f6297543 Location:

Summary Statistics: Mean 61.04836744639377; Max. 100.0; Valid 2052.0; StDev 18.42298958798011; Min. 0.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:+Z2WrEXLZOcrCCLUOsr18w==

8-9i. Voting process index (0-100), imputed

f6297543 Location:

Summary Statistics: Mean 56.84256642547872; Max. 100.97003173828125; Valid 4567.0; Min. 0.0; StDev 18.866322977026453;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:Wx9GjiMtr8MSCABruuv8yw==

THE VOTE COUNT SECTION

f6297543 Location:

Summary Statistics: Mean NaN; StDev NaN; Min. NaN; Max. NaN; Valid 0.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:cro0/92obgTPjxq4JfyW0A==

9-1. Ballot boxes were secure (1-5)[P]

f6297543 Location:

Value

Label

Frequency

Text

2147483625.

Don't know

0

4.

Agree

1727

3.

Neither agree nor disagree

362

5.

Strongly Agree

1450

2147483635.

Not Applicable

0

1.

Strongly Disagree

244

2.

Disagree

441

Summary Statistics: Valid 4224.0; StDev 1.1624501397907085; Max. 5.0; Mean 3.8754734848484795; Min. 1.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:z7U9S+/dEFGI/2zwKrEaLg==

9-2. The results were announced without undue delay (1-5)[P]

f6297543 Location:

Value

Label

Frequency

Text

3.

Neither agree nor disagree

223

2.

Disagree

479

1.

Strongly Disagree

358

2147483635.

Not Applicable

0

5.

Strongly Agree

1661

2147483625.

Don't know

0

4.

Agree

1789

Summary Statistics: StDev 1.2409589519198714; Valid 4510.0; Mean 3.8682926829268256; Max. 5.0; Min. 1.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:XA7PB45NEKznFHGhCSBsYw==

9-3. Votes were counted fairly (1-5)[P]

f6297543 Location:

Value

Label

Frequency

Text

2147483625.

Don't know

0

5.

Strongly Agree

1549

1.

Strongly Disagree

334

3.

Neither agree nor disagree

390

4.

Agree

1574

2.

Disagree

407

2147483635.

Not Applicable

0

Summary Statistics: Mean 3.8455571227080374; Min. 1.0; StDev 1.2335473583377288; Max. 5.0; Valid 4254.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:nYPVt4YEA2YmVuydlCKZPQ==

9-4a. Int'l election monitors were restricted (1-5)[N]

f6297543 Location:

Value

Label

Frequency

Text

3.

Neither agree nor disagree

345

1.

Strongly Disagree

1496

4.

Agree

352

2147483625.

Don't know

0

2147483635.

Not Applicable

0

5.

Strongly Agree

265

2.

Disagree

1317

Summary Statistics: Min. 1.0; StDev 1.218337137909976; Valid 3775.0; Mean 2.0921854304635716; Max. 5.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:aXby+doaH20X9//Lkc6C9Q==

9-4b. Int'l election monitors were restricted (1-5)[P]

f6297543 Location:

Value

Label

Frequency

Text

3.

Neither agree nor disagree

345

5.

Strongly Disagree

1496

1.

Strongly Agree

265

2147483625.

Don't know

0

2147483635.

Not Applicable

0

4.

Disagree

1317

2.

Agree

352

Summary Statistics: Mean 3.9078145695364284; Max. 5.0; Valid 3775.0; Min. 1.0; StDev 1.218337137909976;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:e3jHdxr/epsMg7eA5zfc/g==

9-5a. Domestic election monitors were restricted (1-5)[N]

f6297543 Location:

Value

Label

Frequency

Text

5.

Strongly Agree

285

1.

Strongly Disagree

1588

3.

Neither agree nor disagree

368

4.

Agree

391

2.

Disagree

1382

2147483635.

Not Applicable

0

2147483625.

Don't know

0

Summary Statistics: StDev 1.226999136384007; Max. 5.0; Min. 1.0; Mean 2.1038863976083717; Valid 4014.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:VM6B/hdHwXpGC1acM8tWzQ==

9-5b. Domestic election monitors were restricted (1-5)[P]

f6297543 Location:

Value

Label

Frequency

Text

2.

Agree

391

1.

Strongly Agree

285

4.

Disagree

1382

3.

Neither agree nor disagree

368

2147483635.

Not Applicable

0

5.

Strongly Disagree

1588

2147483625.

Don't know

0

Summary Statistics: StDev 1.226999136384007; Max. 5.0; Mean 3.8961136023916283; Min. 1.0; Valid 4014.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:EVXmWiwYc6AZHUCwpAFsxw==

9-6. Vote count index (0-100)

f6297543 Location:

Summary Statistics: Max. 100.0; StDev 23.313613674840965; Valid 3335.0; Mean 74.67556221889052; Min. 0.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:hoIuqcQyPMcl/RbqK5CfiA==

9-6i. Vote count index (0-100), imputed

f6297543 Location:

Summary Statistics: Max. 103.14717864990234; Min. 0.0; Valid 4582.0; StDev 24.760489306607415; Mean 71.69108831658724;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:DeJaSto6t4LkVsoyJ7tyeg==

VOTING RESULTS SECTION

f6297543 Location:

Summary Statistics: Valid 0.0; StDev NaN; Mean NaN; Min. NaN; Max. NaN

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:cro0/92obgTPjxq4JfyW0A==

10-1a. Parties/candidates challenged the results (1-5)[N]

f6297543 Location:

Value

Label

Frequency

Text

4.

Agree

1142

1.

Strongly Disagree

1182

2147483635.

Not Applicable

0

5.

Strongly Agree

630

3.

Neither agree nor disagree

268

2147483625.

Don't know

0

2.

Disagree

1152

Summary Statistics: Valid 4374.0; Min. 1.0; StDev 1.4550415379559787; Mean 2.7453132144490136; Max. 5.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:Xs7MNbfnrlVHf2/km4y5Iw==

10-1b. Parties/candidates challenged the results (1-5)[P]

f6297543 Location:

Value

Label

Frequency

Text

3.

Neither agree nor disagree

268

4.

Disagree

1152

5.

Strongly Disagree

1182

2147483625.

Don't know

0

2147483635.

Not Applicable

0

2.

Agree

1142

1.

Strongly Agree

630

Summary Statistics: Min. 1.0; Mean 3.2546867855509864; StDev 1.4550415379559787; Valid 4374.0; Max. 5.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:YSC4iwl/uLbjaEL7h5UyQg==

10-2a. The election led to peaceful protests (1-5)[N]

f6297543 Location:

Value

Label

Frequency

Text

2147483635.

Not Applicable

0

5.

Strongly Agree

271

1.

Strongly Disagree

1383

4.

Agree

845

2.

Disagree

1390

3.

Neither agree nor disagree

344

2147483625.

Don't know

0

Summary Statistics: Min. 1.0; StDev 1.2897433964842504; Mean 2.3458540042523; Valid 4233.0; Max. 5.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:8yo4nVOlNR9r01VX35K2Qg==

10-2b. The election led to peaceful protests (1-5)[P]

f6297543 Location:

Value

Label

Frequency

Text

3.

Neither agree nor disagree

344

2147483625.

Don't know

0

2147483635.

Not Applicable

0

2.

Agree

845

4.

Disagree

1390

5.

Strongly Disagree

1383

1.

Strongly Agree

271

Summary Statistics: Valid 4233.0; Mean 3.6541459957477; StDev 1.2897433964842504; Max. 5.0; Min. 1.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:Y9XpZ4KKSQv7DEHA9x5Nbw==

10-3a. The election triggered violent protests (1-5)[N]

f6297543 Location:

Value

Label

Frequency

Text

2147483625.

Don't know

0

4.

Agree

252

2147483635.

Not Applicable

0

3.

Neither agree nor disagree

205

1.

Strongly Disagree

2382

5.

Strongly Agree

147

2.

Disagree

1338

Summary Statistics: Max. 5.0; Valid 4324.0; Mean 1.7150786308973156; StDev 1.0278311805710916; Min. 1.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:LBc6+/b9J6yklod4xbuNoQ==

10-3b. The election triggered violent protests (1-5)[P]

f6297543 Location:

Value

Label

Frequency

Text

3.

Neither agree nor disagree

205

2147483625.

Don't know

0

1.

Strongly Agree

147

5.

Strongly Disagree

2382

4.

Disagree

1338

2.

Agree

252

2147483635.

Not Applicable

0

Summary Statistics: StDev 1.0278311805710916; Mean 4.284921369102684; Max. 5.0; Min. 1.0; Valid 4324.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:/+7lLJsp0X7rcrOiE1truw==

10-4. Any disputes were resolved through legal channels (1-5)[P]

f6297543 Location:

Value

Label

Frequency

Text

5.

Strongly Agree

905

4.

Agree

1397

1.

Strongly Disagree

323

2147483625.

Don't know

0

2.

Disagree

477

2147483635.

Not Applicable

0

3.

Neither agree nor disagree

536

Summary Statistics: Valid 3638.0; Mean 3.5728422210005477; Min. 1.0; StDev 1.2399939700504659; Max. 5.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:0o310/nHGJewHCZY4FtdsQ==

10-5. Results index (0-100)

f6297543 Location:

Summary Statistics: Valid 3353.0; Max. 100.0; Mean 68.12332239785269; Min. 0.0; StDev 21.769330567058258;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:q+xHknweILz0a5OvmEtdsA==

10-5i. Results index (0-100), imputed

f6297543 Location:

Summary Statistics: Valid 4577.0; Mean 67.73741740614723; Min. 0.0; Max. 101.54481506347656; StDev 23.15689083635574;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:oFVkHN48zC9SrlhuyMAWOQ==

ELECTORAL AUTHORITIES SECTION

f6297543 Location:

Summary Statistics: StDev NaN; Max. NaN; Mean NaN; Valid 0.0; Min. NaN;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:cro0/92obgTPjxq4JfyW0A==

11-1. The election authorities were impartial (1-5)[P]

f6297543 Location:

Value

Label

Frequency

Text

1.

Strongly Disagree

638

2.

Disagree

698

2147483625.

Don't know

0

2147483635.

Not Applicable

0

4.

Agree

1355

5.

Strongly Agree

1266

3.

Neither agree nor disagree

510

Summary Statistics: Max. 5.0; Mean 3.4282516230132165; StDev 1.4076875051729885; Valid 4467.0; Min. 1.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:KttuHpc7u3QF6FpSuJxKSQ==

11-2. The authorities distributed information to citizens (1-5)[P]

f6297543 Location:

Value

Label

Frequency

Text

5.

Strongly Agree

1209

1.

Strongly Disagree

179

2.

Disagree

392

3.

Neither agree nor disagree

453

4.

Agree

2202

2147483625.

Don't know

0

2147483635.

Not Applicable

0

Summary Statistics: Max. 5.0; Min. 1.0; StDev 1.0370908250767754; Valid 4435.0; Mean 3.872604284103723

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:cClVwYJDFW9oXIuGks2RAA==

11-3. The authorities allowed public scrutiny of their performance (1-5)[P]

f6297543 Location:

Value

Label

Frequency

Text

2.

Disagree

701

1.

Strongly Disagree

444

2147483625.

Don't know

0

4.

Agree

1558

5.

Strongly Agree

935

2147483635.

Not Applicable

0

3.

Neither agree nor disagree

642

Summary Statistics: Mean 3.429672897196259; Min. 1.0; Max. 5.0; Valid 4280.0; StDev 1.2776350719083553;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:8uTOB7Q3nh3mjrucVk2pSg==

11-4. The election authorities performed well (1-5)[P]

f6297543 Location:

Value

Label

Frequency

Text

5.

Strongly Agree

1165

4.

Agree

1620

2147483625.

Don't know

0

2.

Disagree

596

1.

Strongly Disagree

472

3.

Neither agree nor disagree

624

2147483635.

Not Applicable

0

Summary Statistics: Min. 1.0; Max. 5.0; Mean 3.5383069019432707; StDev 1.2915723566409012; Valid 4477.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:WUSqyv2/ij+RU4UITIAjcg==

11-5. Electoral authorities index (0-100)

f6297543 Location:

Summary Statistics: StDev 25.962524971505868; Max. 100.0; Min. 0.0; Valid 4115.0; Mean 67.23055893074122;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:Cc9MoneQOOOCXSBIkirxSg==

11-5i. Electoral authorities index (0-100), imputed

f6297543 Location:

Summary Statistics: Mean 64.21969853147627; Min. 0.0; StDev 27.615390293483543; Valid 4587.0; Max. 101.76392364501953;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:eb+zZW1DJ3KUV/sJXjYsFw==

GENERAL ELECTION QUESTIONS

f6297543 Location:

Summary Statistics: Min. NaN; StDev NaN; Mean NaN; Max. NaN; Valid 0.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:cro0/92obgTPjxq4JfyW0A==

13-1. How familiar are you with elections in this country?

f6297543 Location:

Summary Statistics: Max. 10.0; Min. 1.0; Valid 4468.0; Mean 8.769695613249775; StDev 1.4324594864923585

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:P3Y7EY9uzkBB2MYewHqB4g==

13-2. Which election (if more than 1) was most important

f6297543 Location:

Value

Label

Frequency

Text

2.

Lower House

1687

4.

Regional

45

3.

Upper House

173

5.

Local

68

1.

Presidential

1625

Summary Statistics: Mean 1.9642950905749563; Valid 3809.0; Min. 1.0; Max. 8.0; StDev 1.4209883947241377

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:dLKEmoXrwk91/xyF1Y2tOQ==

ORGANIZATIONAL CONFIDENCE SECTION

f6297543 Location:

Summary Statistics: Mean NaN; Valid 0.0; Max. NaN; Min. NaN; StDev NaN

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:cro0/92obgTPjxq4JfyW0A==

14-1. Confidence in the courts (1=none - 10=a great deal)

f6297543 Location:

Summary Statistics: Min. 1.0; StDev 2.7657234892717706; Mean 5.664078100732185; Max. 10.0; Valid 4507.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:pmfL9LPOwVitzLR2XZNA9g==

14-2. Confidence in the government (1=none - 10=a great deal)

f6297543 Location:

Summary Statistics: StDev 2.3979402286587335; Max. 10.0; Mean 5.012672298799459; Min. 0.0; Valid 4498.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:k9pHioyLGOt8wRmU85LDUw==

14-3. Confidence in the parliament (1=none - 10=a great deal)

f6297543 Location:

Summary Statistics: StDev 2.388436180976214; Mean 5.106951871657749; Valid 4488.0; Max. 10.0; Min. 0.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:Ypa6Q7AnpAXcKesVe/9omg==

14-4. Confidence in the armed forces (1=none - 10=a great deal)

f6297543 Location:

Summary Statistics: Min. 1.0; Max. 10.0; Mean 5.47934634589197; Valid 4406.0; StDev 2.5949230322164305

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:piHhrRbf5USONSD1I0rkFA==

14-6. Confidence in the elect.authorities (1=none - 10=a great deal)

f6297543 Location:

Summary Statistics: Min. 1.0; Max. 10.0; Valid 4542.0; Mean 6.250770585645077; StDev 2.810986574008843

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:o9skB6Y0S+vsVKrOx3w8Rg==

EXPERT BACKGROUND SECTION

f6297543 Location:

Summary Statistics: Mean NaN; Min. NaN; StDev NaN; Max. NaN; Valid 0.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:cro0/92obgTPjxq4JfyW0A==

Domestic expert? (Yes=1)

f6297543 Location:

Summary Statistics: StDev 0.4966470221669159; Mean 0.5582714971628107; Max. 1.0; Min. 0.0; Valid 4582.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:GA0zyLo6mwJnw/YiTRzWIA==

15-1. Employment type

f6297543 Location:

Summary Statistics: StDev 0.791102404734427; Max. 4.0; Valid 4331.0; Min. 1.0; Mean 2.569383514199976;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:x0GspkNDn4CVkNUDpzYCmw==

15-2. Works (or has worked) in the government public sector

f6297543 Location:

Value

Label

Frequency

Text

1.

Selected

570

0.

Not selected

3836

Summary Statistics: StDev 0.3356460373888397; Min. 0.0; Max. 1.0; Mean 0.1293690422151611; Valid 4406.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:cWCNSf9a6SmQ7zWViZO8zg==

15-3. Works (or has worked) in a university

f6297543 Location:

Value

Label

Frequency

Text

1.

Selected

4053

0.

Not selected

517

Summary Statistics: Valid 4570.0; StDev 0.3167852079663536; Mean 0.8868708971553606; Max. 1.0; Min. 0.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:MruHm2OQcNuPDkJHnKdm9Q==

15-4. Works (or has worked) in private non-profit sector/NGOs

f6297543 Location:

Value

Label

Frequency

Text

1.

Selected

594

0.

Not selected

3810

Summary Statistics: Mean 0.13487738419618564; Max. 1.0; Valid 4404.0; Min. 0.0; StDev 0.3416313463160501

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:dD8ryn0XhQsNpzTA+nN8eQ==

15-5. Works (or has worked) in International agency

f6297543 Location:

Value

Label

Frequency

Text

1.

Selected

269

0.

Not selected

4122

Summary Statistics: StDev 0.2398369844719067; Min. 0.0; Valid 4391.0; Max. 1.0; Mean 0.06126167160100184;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:l9tzgOsyP9ElyowUuUk+JQ==

15-6. Works (or has worked) in an private business or industry

f6297543 Location:

Value

Label

Frequency

Text

0.

Not selected

4115

1.

Selected

275

Summary Statistics: Max. 1.0; Mean 0.06264236902050094; StDev 0.2423462009998736; Valid 4390.0; Min. 0.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:Vv6jI+dShWmGgwKvopEgkg==

15-7. Most recent occupation

f6297543 Location:

Value

Label

Frequency

Text

2.

ElectionOff

24

1.

CivilSer

44

2147483635.

Not applicable/don't know

0

8.

Politician

11

7.

Lawyer

32

4.

Journalist

40

6.

Academic

4034

5.

Professl

181

3.

IntlOff

147

Summary Statistics: Valid 4513.0; StDev 0.8178641320874614; Min. 1.0; Mean 5.786394859295369; Max. 8.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:5SAxTAxQpWaUDXwa6hgW8Q==

15-8. Age group (by decade)

f6297543 Location:

Value

Label

Frequency

Text

3.

40-49

1421

0.

19 or younger

0

1.

20-29

113

5.

60-69

701

6.

70-79

237

7.

80-89

27

2.

30-39

1066

2147483625.

unknown

0

4.

50-59

995

Summary Statistics: Mean 3.4219298245614045; Min. 1.0; Max. 7.0; StDev 1.2453208775561326; Valid 4560.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:A0VLnNgBPHMWjsJcmIbWIw==

15-9. Sex (0=male; 1=female; 2=other/prefer not to say)

f6297543 Location:

Value

Label

Frequency

Text

2147483625.

Unknown

0

1.

Female

1279

2.

Other/Prefer not to say

27

0.

Male

3276

Summary Statistics: Valid 4582.0; Min. 0.0; Max. 2.0; Mean 0.2909209951986025; StDev 0.4670319258652525

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:gYJRPV1l+BsW11WzwH9zdw==

15-10. Highest level of education

f6297543 Location:

Value

Label

Frequency

Text

2147483625.

Don't know

0

3.

Secondary

2

1.

No formal education

2

2.

Primary

0

6.

Other

24

4.

Undergrad

84

5.

Grad

4410

Summary Statistics: Mean 4.984077841662981; StDev 0.18022915725885835; Min. 1.0; Valid 4522.0; Max. 6.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:mZV1HyXI+Cc3+68zLHRZ4Q==

15-11. Were you born in this country?

f6297543 Location:

Value

Label

Frequency

Text

0.

No

1805

1.

Yes

2719

Summary Statistics: Valid 4524.0; Mean 0.6010167992926623; Min. 0.0; StDev 0.48974342588511643; Max. 1.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:+cMwOVk63lAUG0MKRZKhWg==

15-12. # years lived in this country

f6297543 Location:

Value

Label

Frequency

Text

4.

10Yrsormore

1255

2.

1to4Yrs

501

0.

Never

380

2147483625.

Don't Know

0

3.

5to9Yrs

243

1.

Less1Yr

289

5.

Life

1866

Summary Statistics: Max. 5.0; Min. 0.0; Valid 4534.0; Mean 3.6104984561093962; StDev 1.6342180062143747;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:/1H7QdWZUIzHPKrfpE6ktA==

15-13. Expert was a candidate for elected office

f6297543 Location:

Value

Label

Frequency

Text

1.

Selected

39

0.

Not selected

4551

Summary Statistics: Mean 0.008496732026143811; Max. 1.0; Min. 0.0; StDev 0.09179527973819551; Valid 4590.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:N3++u0kgPYtrN7qyWhIEMw==

15-14. Expert was an elected representative

f6297543 Location:

Value

Label

Frequency

Text

1.

Selected

45

0.

Not selected

4545

Summary Statistics: Valid 4590.0; Max. 1.0; StDev 0.09853892703655338; Mean 0.009803921568627477; Min. 0.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:RpGd6/QJ/C5AEH91vHbgfA==

15-15. Expert was an election activist

f6297543 Location:

Value

Label

Frequency

Text

1.

Selected

47

0.

Not selected

4543

Summary Statistics: Mean 0.010239651416121992; Max. 1.0; Valid 4590.0; Min. 0.0; StDev 0.10068271675808729

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:YIVBz8dF/CPrV+ok6mto3Q==

15-16. Expert was election NGO watch personnel

f6297543 Location:

Value

Label

Frequency

Text

0.

Not selected

4369

1.

Selected

221

Summary Statistics: Mean 0.04814814814814856; Valid 4590.0; Min. 0.0; StDev 0.21410252423168932; Max. 1.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:mi58ABV/iG55i9mqxkKR5Q==

15-17. Expert voted in this election

f6297543 Location:

Value

Label

Frequency

Text

0.

Not selected

2511

1.

Selected

2079

Summary Statistics: StDev 0.49783477445197155; Max. 1.0; Mean 0.4529411764705881; Valid 4590.0; Min. 0.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:jTyOgL1DQk536+1Tnb6Vbg==

15-18. Expert did not participate in any role in this election

f6297543 Location:

Value

Label

Frequency

Text

0.

Not selected

3053

1.

Selected

1537

Summary Statistics: Valid 4590.0; Min. 0.0; StDev 0.4719923549875583; Max. 1.0; Mean 0.33485838779956045

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:kydrUDEFqCWcNk4tLlD/dQ==

15-19. Expert was a national official electoral monitor

f6297543 Location:

Value

Label

Frequency

Text

0.

Not selected

4491

1.

Selected

99

Summary Statistics: Valid 4590.0; Max. 1.0; Min. 0.0; StDev 0.14528599539573286; Mean 0.021568627450979788

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:dRyo9ZiduKsKF6jL97EW5w==

15-19b. Expert was a international official electoral monitor

f6297543 Location:

Value

Label

Frequency

Text

0.

Not selected

4496

1.

Selected

94

Summary Statistics: Mean 0.020479302832244122; Max. 1.0; Valid 4590.0; StDev 0.14164841082378143; Min. 0.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:6MCsirId9ogixkE8xv4Jcg==

15-20. Expert was an election official

f6297543 Location:

Value

Label

Frequency

Text

1.

Selected

118

0.

Not selected

4472

Summary Statistics: Max. 1.0; Valid 4590.0; Mean 0.02570806100217896; Min. 0.0; StDev 0.15828017781034528;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:HyMAXe1/DcLP/iKSAqqGGw==

15-21. Expert is a citizen of this country (0/1)

f6297543 Location:

Value

Label

Frequency

Text

1.

Selected

2975

0.

Not selected

1613

Summary Statistics: Min. 0.0; Valid 4588.0; StDev 0.4775123343140516; Mean 0.6484306887532691; Max. 1.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:7v81UnOBDhlmMQOG3SKyCQ==

15-22. Support the winning or losing side

f6297543 Location:

Value

Label

Frequency

Text

7.

No answer

1797

4.

Didn't vote

616

5.

Decline to state

54

3.

None

213

6.

Independent

20

1.

Winner

302

2.

Loser

859

Summary Statistics: Min. 1.0; Max. 7.0; Valid 3861.0; StDev 2.3245655367601605; Mean 4.685832685832689

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:NdR1J8abS+SOrRp86RHcww==

15-23. Political views on 10pt left/right scale

f6297543 Location:

Summary Statistics: StDev 1.6343206270501134; Max. 10.0; Valid 4450.0; Mean 4.339101123595504; Min. 1.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:14ZqWONV8OYezS1KmT1qiA==

15-24. How difficult did you find the survey? (1-10)

f6297543 Location:

Summary Statistics: Min. 1.0; Valid 4524.0; Max. 10.0; Mean 8.535587975243148; StDev 1.5662304037543417

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:xU1VGh4KZY9jNzVLfAQHDA==

VIGNETTES SECTION

f6297543 Location:

Summary Statistics: StDev NaN; Valid 0.0; Max. NaN; Min. NaN; Mean NaN

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:cro0/92obgTPjxq4JfyW0A==

16-1. Vignette A (Queues)

f6297543 Location:

Summary Statistics: Max. 10.0; Valid 2465.0; Mean 4.619878296146047; Min. 1.0; StDev 2.3823643482430623

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:SlxOM432pTq6fdgNqzvh/A==

16-2. Vignette B (Boycotts)

f6297543 Location:

Summary Statistics: StDev 2.743925353391848; Valid 2462.0; Min. 0.0; Mean 7.300162469536964; Max. 10.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:M+qPXhuYhOhSlOS3gI9lFA==

16-3. Vignette C (Violence)

f6297543 Location:

Summary Statistics: Valid 2457.0; StDev 2.9496896051329897; Min. 0.0; Max. 10.0; Mean 7.716727716727716

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:uc8st++7UKK28TAHm/lHjQ==

16-4. Vignette D (High)

f6297543 Location:

Summary Statistics: Valid 1841.0; StDev 2.0009335256083878; Min. 2.0; Mean 8.696903856599672; Max. 10.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:Ub5C8KwWJkZd9PploW7p8g==

16-5. Vignette E (Moderate)

f6297543 Location:

Summary Statistics: Max. 10.0; Valid 1841.0; Min. 1.0; Mean 5.391091797935906; StDev 1.9094180062382438

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:sAmbsX0SBepXSaGG2BiUoA==

16-6. Vignette F (Low)

f6297543 Location:

Summary Statistics: Mean 2.675176534492124; Valid 1841.0; Max. 10.0; StDev 2.5285065586603124; Min. 1.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:gufb6qlNN3LZqelAUG5S0g==

ROTATING MODULES

f6297543 Location:

Summary Statistics: Mean NaN; Min. NaN; Valid 0.0; StDev NaN; Max. NaN

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:cro0/92obgTPjxq4JfyW0A==

17-1. Voters were bribed (1-5)[N]

f6297543 Location:

Value

Label

Frequency

Text

3.

Neither agree nor disagree

357

2147483625.

Don't know

0

5.

Strongly Agree

298

1.

Strongly Disagree

642

2147483635.

Not Applicable

0

4.

Agree

441

2.

Disagree

513

Summary Statistics: Min. 1.0; Valid 2251.0; StDev 1.4075041633299799; Max. 5.0; Mean 2.6623722789871174

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:BytQ7AeQChouhwjeIhikrw==

17-1b. Voters were bribed (1-5)[P]

f6297543 Location:

Value

Label

Frequency

Text

5.

Strongly Disagree

642

3.

Neither agree nor disagree

357

2.

Agree

441

4.

Disagree

513

2147483635.

Not Applicable

0

1.

Strongly Agree

298

2147483625.

Don't know

0

Summary Statistics: StDev 1.4075041633299799; Min. 1.0; Mean 3.3376277210128826; Max. 5.0; Valid 2251.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:Sykov5FYtvubQLd04Pabpg==

17-2. People were free to vote without feeling pressured (1-5)[P]

f6297543 Location:

Value

Label

Frequency

Text

2.

Disagree

102

3.

Neither agree nor disagree

59

4.

Agree

196

1.

Strongly Disagree

51

5.

Strongly Agree

213

2147483625.

Don't know

0

2147483635.

Not Applicable

0

Summary Statistics: Mean 3.673107890499194; Valid 621.0; Max. 5.0; Min. 1.0; StDev 1.315319721816306;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:2OeY4CP57YMwm6N06AsZEg==

17-3. Some voters feared becoming victims of political violence (1-5)[N]

f6297543 Location:

Value

Label

Frequency

Text

2147483635.

Not Applicable

0

5.

Strongly Agree

58

3.

Neither agree nor disagree

70

2.

Disagree

142

2147483625.

Don't know

0

1.

Strongly Disagree

222

4.

Agree

113

Summary Statistics: StDev 1.388422145012534; Max. 5.0; Min. 1.0; Mean 2.4099173553718995; Valid 605.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:MTMMRLJe2BT/f+QAkcIcYw==

17-3b. Some voters feared becoming victims of political violence (1-5)[P]

f6297543 Location:

Value

Label

Frequency

Text

2147483625.

Don't know

0

1.

Strongly Agree

58

2147483635.

Not Applicable

0

2.

Agree

113

3.

Neither agree nor disagree

70

5.

Strongly Disagree

222

4.

Disagree

142

Summary Statistics: Mean 3.5900826446281005; Valid 605.0; Min. 1.0; StDev 1.388422145012534; Max. 5.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:xOM1RrcB1/mdCeolYi+4WQ==

17-4. The process kept the ballot confidential (1-5)[P]

f6297543 Location:

Value

Label

Frequency

Text

2147483625.

Don't know

0

3.

Neither agree nor disagree

100

2147483635.

Not Applicable

0

5.

Strongly Agree

440

2.

Disagree

94

1.

Strongly Disagree

48

4.

Agree

427

Summary Statistics: Valid 1109.0; Min. 1.0; StDev 1.102975255241386; Max. 5.0; Mean 4.007213706041479

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:aOvol+6IkY0RHiiiF+xVog==

17-5. Elections were free and fair(1-5)[P]

f6297543 Location:

Value

Label

Frequency

Text

2147483625.

Don't know

0

4.

Agree

186

2.

Disagree

72

5.

Strongly Agree

213

1.

Strongly Disagree

88

3.

Neither agree nor disagree

63

2147483635.

Not Applicable

0

Summary Statistics: Min. 1.0; Max. 5.0; Mean 3.5852090032154336; Valid 622.0; StDev 1.418184139152462;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:TxN7IY2G5hL8VHj6Fr4Wng==

17-6. Some people received cash, gifts or personal favors in exchange for their

f6297543 Location:

Value

Label

Frequency

Text

3.

Neither agree nor disagree

72

4.

Agree

187

1.

Strongly Disagree

119

5.

Strongly Agree

88

2147483625.

Don't know

0

2147483635.

Not Applicable

0

2.

Disagree

81

Summary Statistics: Mean 3.0804387568555764; Max. 5.0; Valid 547.0; StDev 1.4145118462507815; Min. 1.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:13eRmQnjiE4c5pSgogEaQg==

17-6b. Some people received cash, gifts or personal favors in exchange for their

f6297543 Location:

Value

Label

Frequency

Text

2147483635.

Not Applicable

0

5.

Strongly Disagree

119

3.

Neither agree nor disagree

72

2.

Agree

187

4.

Disagree

81

1.

Strongly Agree

88

2147483625.

Don't know

0

Summary Statistics: Valid 547.0; StDev 1.4145118462507815; Mean 2.9195612431444236; Max. 5.0; Min. 1.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:Z2z76KoUbosMhlTGSVNTzw==

17-7. Politicians offered patronage to their supporters (1-5)[N]

f6297543 Location:

Value

Label

Frequency

Text

2.

Disagree

86

1.

Strongly Disagree

58

2147483625.

Don't know

0

5.

Strongly Agree

124

3.

Neither agree nor disagree

96

4.

Agree

218

2147483635.

Not Applicable

0

Summary Statistics: Max. 5.0; Mean 3.453608247422682; Valid 582.0; Min. 1.0; StDev 1.2530495830674422

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:GzVgquW3wOgjWh8kddBu+A==

17-7b. Politicians offered patronage to their supporters (1-5)[P]

f6297543 Location:

Value

Label

Frequency

Text

2.

Agree

218

1.

Strongly Agree

124

2147483635.

Not Applicable

0

4.

Disagree

86

5.

Strongly Disagree

58

2147483625.

Don't know

0

3.

Neither agree nor disagree

96

Summary Statistics: Min. 1.0; Valid 582.0; Mean 2.546391752577318; StDev 1.2530495830674422; Max. 5.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:9uK9vAgHy1jhYS97REsJTA==

18-1. Voting results were subject to a post-election audit (1-5)[P]

f6297543 Location:

Value

Label

Frequency

Text

2.

Disagree

98

5.

Strongly Agree

38

2147483625.

Don't know

0

4.

Agree

97

2147483635.

Not Applicable

0

3.

Neither agree nor disagree

41

1.

Strongly Disagree

70

Summary Statistics: Max. 5.0; Min. 1.0; Valid 344.0; Mean 2.8110465116279064; StDev 1.3387235808107278

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:WbjU+ZD3DerBj4bmr9j8vA==

18-2. Official election records were safe from hacking (1-5)[P]

f6297543 Location:

Value

Label

Frequency

Text

2147483635.

Not Applicable

0

1.

Strongly Disagree

27

2147483625.

Don't know

0

3.

Neither agree nor disagree

45

2.

Disagree

48

5.

Strongly Agree

119

4.

Agree

161

Summary Statistics: Valid 400.0; Max. 5.0; Min. 1.0; StDev 1.1978233182545717; Mean 3.7425

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:Y17ikHr0duiO6t+UZT3AvQ==

18-3. Most news media reporting about the campaign was factually accurate (1-5)[

f6297543 Location:

Value

Label

Frequency

Text

3.

Neither agree nor disagree

83

5.

Strongly Agree

63

1.

Strongly Disagree

39

2147483625.

Don't know

0

4.

Agree

237

2.

Disagree

101

2147483635.

Not Applicable

0

Summary Statistics: Max. 5.0; StDev 1.1424127307889018; Valid 523.0; Min. 1.0; Mean 3.351816443594646;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:m2s11S3h9+TA/c/m6C+NDg==

18-4. Most news media reporting about the government's record was true to the fa

f6297543 Location:

Value

Label

Frequency

Text

4.

Agree

206

2147483625.

Don't know

0

3.

Neither agree nor disagree

114

1.

Strongly Disagree

46

5.

Strongly Agree

46

2147483635.

Not Applicable

0

2.

Disagree

103

Summary Statistics: Mean 3.2000000000000006; Max. 5.0; Min. 1.0; Valid 515.0; StDev 1.1300631847628775;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:UU9lrfrIq0JpTfzOiBZg9g==

18-6. Much news was fake (1-5)[N]

f6297543 Location:

Value

Label

Frequency

Text

4.

Agree

231

2147483625.

Don't know

0

1.

Strongly Disagree

213

2147483635.

Not Applicable

0

3.

Neither agree nor disagree

300

5.

Strongly Agree

100

2.

Disagree

492

Summary Statistics: Valid 1336.0; Mean 2.6354790419161676; Min. 1.0; Max. 5.0; StDev 1.160355845398271

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:LtsMPV1oG/k0NqnPPsKcgA==

18-6b. Much news was fake (1-5)[P]

f6297543 Location:

Value

Label

Frequency

Text

2147483635.

Not Applicable

0

2.

Agree

231

5.

Strongly Disagree

213

3.

Neither agree nor disagree

300

1.

Strongly Agree

100

4.

Disagree

492

2147483625.

Don't know

0

Summary Statistics: Valid 1336.0; Min. 1.0; Mean 3.3645209580838324; Max. 5.0; StDev 1.160355845398271;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:+4GH/RggRxG5jf15pqvyKQ==

19-1. Campaign media spread hate speech (1-5)[N]

f6297543 Location:

Value

Label

Frequency

Text

2147483635.

Not Applicable

0

4.

Agree

284

2.

Disagree

228

1.

Strongly Disagree

74

2147483625.

Don't know

0

3.

Neither agree nor disagree

133

5.

Strongly Agree

111

Summary Statistics: Max. 5.0; Valid 830.0; Min. 1.0; StDev 1.2188896023621365; Mean 3.1566265060240966

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:CTe05jXSmsIgvHbixgiWTg==

19-1b. Campaign media spread hate speech (1-5)[P]

f6297543 Location:

Value

Label

Frequency

Text

2147483635.

Not Applicable

0

2.

Agree

284

1.

Strongly Agree

111

4.

Disagree

228

2147483625.

Don't know

0

5.

Strongly Disagree

74

3.

Neither agree nor disagree

133

Summary Statistics: Max. 5.0; StDev 1.2188896023621365; Valid 830.0; Mean 2.8433734939759034; Min. 1.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:kHThwS56ILbjbP5BakaJ/Q==

19-2. Campaign media allowed informed voting choices (1-5)[P]

f6297543 Location:

Value

Label

Frequency

Text

2147483635.

Not Applicable

0

3.

Neither agree nor disagree

161

2.

Disagree

167

2147483625.

Don't know

0

5.

Strongly Agree

113

1.

Strongly Disagree

65

4.

Agree

340

Summary Statistics: Mean 3.3179669030732866; Min. 1.0; Valid 846.0; StDev 1.158180016397528; Max. 5.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:kynvtegHdTZRE4KEp7bRug==

19-3. Foreign interests interfered in the campaign (1-5)[N]

f6297543 Location:

Value

Label

Frequency

Text

4.

Agree

162

2.

Disagree

282

2147483635.

Not Applicable

0

3.

Neither agree nor disagree

135

5.

Strongly Agree

111

2147483625.

Don't know

0

1.

Strongly Disagree

127

Summary Statistics: StDev 1.2946538498653923; Mean 2.8139534883720936; Max. 5.0; Min. 1.0; Valid 817.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:LQ0ZkIjsy9v6chqmqCIj7w==

19-3b. Foreign interests interfered in the campaign (1-5)[P]

f6297543 Location:

Value

Label

Frequency

Text

3.

Neither agree nor disagree

135

2147483625.

Don't know

0

2.

Agree

162

4.

Disagree

282

2147483635.

Not Applicable

0

5.

Strongly Disagree

127

1.

Strongly Agree

111

Summary Statistics: Max. 5.0; Valid 817.0; Mean 3.1860465116279064; Min. 1.0; StDev 1.2946538498653923;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:ub9qZPuqj9OpTIADRTrZAQ==

19-4. Media watch groups monitored campaign news (1-5)[P]

f6297543 Location:

Value

Label

Frequency

Text

2147483635.

Not Applicable

0

2147483625.

Don't know

0

4.

Agree

385

5.

Strongly Agree

82

3.

Neither agree nor disagree

134

2.

Disagree

118

1.

Strongly Disagree

39

Summary Statistics: Valid 758.0; Max. 5.0; StDev 1.0424340099110259; Mean 3.4656992084432723; Min. 1.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:ez5AGibB6YwMKMXP2smbXQ==

19-5. Cyberattacks on official voting records occurred during the election (1-5)

f6297543 Location:

Value

Label

Frequency

Text

2.

Disagree

269

3.

Neither agree nor disagree

89

2147483635.

Not Applicable

0

1.

Strongly Disagree

231

5.

Strongly Agree

19

2147483625.

Don't know

0

4.

Agree

61

Summary Statistics: Min. 1.0; Max. 5.0; Mean 2.0553064275037367; Valid 669.0; StDev 1.0474903442185428

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:dJqNDJTgypmgSUYsKg60/A==

19-5b. Cyberattacks on official voting records occurred during the election (1-5

f6297543 Location:

Value

Label

Frequency

Text

2147483635.

Not Applicable

0

2147483625.

Don't know

0

3.

Neither agree nor disagree

89

5.

Strongly Disagree

231

2.

Agree

61

1.

Strongly Agree

19

4.

Disagree

269

Summary Statistics: Max. 5.0; Mean 3.9446935724962633; StDev 1.0474903442185428; Valid 669.0; Min. 1.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:jIcGPEG4Ma0RIFLK4NmDww==

19-6. Campaign news generally reflected the diversity of views and interests in

f6297543 Location:

Value

Label

Frequency

Text

4.

Agree

336

1.

Strongly Disagree

90

2.

Disagree

197

5.

Strongly Agree

112

3.

Neither agree nor disagree

124

2147483625.

Don't know

0

2147483635.

Not Applicable

0

Summary Statistics: StDev 1.2318680120945358; Max. 5.0; Mean 3.2130384167636774; Min. 1.0; Valid 859.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:xpYMrT0NqVtAURTJbu7/ZA==

19-7. Campaign news generally maintained high journalistic standards (1-5)[P]

f6297543 Location:

Value

Label

Frequency

Text

3.

Neither agree nor disagree

211

2147483635.

Not Applicable

0

2147483625.

Don't know

0

1.

Strongly Disagree

138

5.

Strongly Agree

65

2.

Disagree

251

4.

Agree

205

Summary Statistics: Min. 1.0; Valid 870.0; Max. 5.0; Mean 2.7793103448275835; StDev 1.1875977756158678;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:fFcnIc5b91wSp6DUNF3dCA==

19-8. Journalists were often highly partisan in their campaign reporting (1-5)[N

f6297543 Location:

Value

Label

Frequency

Text

2.

Disagree

206

1.

Strongly Disagree

56

3.

Neither agree nor disagree

165

2147483625.

Don't know

0

4.

Agree

261

2147483635.

Not Applicable

0

5.

Strongly Agree

171

Summary Statistics: Mean 3.3317811408614677; Valid 859.0; Max. 5.0; StDev 1.221620677726923; Min. 1.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:9SLTda5sdp2QKDKPIVXtJg==

19-8b. Journalists were often highly partisan in their campaign reporting (1-5)[

f6297543 Location:

Value

Label

Frequency

Text

1.

Strongly Agree

171

5.

Strongly Disagree

56

4.

Disagree

206

3.

Neither agree nor disagree

165

2147483635.

Not Applicable

0

2.

Agree

261

2147483625.

Don't know

0

Summary Statistics: Max. 5.0; Min. 1.0; Mean 2.6682188591385323; StDev 1.221620677726923; Valid 859.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:q9YWH5dRrGPRwl7KznOtPw==

19-9. Social media often contained fake news (1-5)[N]

f6297543 Location:

Value

Label

Frequency

Text

2147483635.

Not Applicable

0

2147483625.

Don't know

0

5.

Strongly Agree

171

1.

Strongly Disagree

27

4.

Agree

283

3.

Neither agree nor disagree

176

2.

Disagree

117

Summary Statistics: Mean 3.5865633074935395; Max. 5.0; Min. 1.0; StDev 1.0943227943636267; Valid 774.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:4g+GvDtYELgyTygCtQmetQ==

19-9b. Social media often contained fake news (1-5)[P]

f6297543 Location:

Value

Label

Frequency

Text

1.

Strongly Agree

171

2.

Agree

283

5.

Strongly Disagree

27

3.

Neither agree nor disagree

176

4.

Disagree

117

2147483625.

Don't know

0

2147483635.

Not Applicable

0

Summary Statistics: Mean 2.4134366925064605; Min. 1.0; Valid 774.0; Max. 5.0; StDev 1.0943227943636267

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:vTYkQsmVhKPeXLOTr9UG9A==

Other Study-Related Materials

Label:

PEI 8.0 Codebook.docx

Text:

Codebook describing the PEI 8.0 data

Notes:

application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.wordprocessingml.document

Other Study-Related Materials

Label:

PEI country-level data (PEI_8.0).xlsx

Text:

PEI 8.0 data at the country level, in .xlsx format

Notes:

application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.spreadsheetml.sheet

Other Study-Related Materials

Label:

PEI election-level data (PEI_8.0).xlsx

Text:

PEI 8.0 data at the election level, in .xlsx format

Notes:

application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.spreadsheetml.sheet

Other Study-Related Materials

Label:

PEI expert-level data (PEI_8.0).xlsx

Text:

PEI 8.0 data at the expert level, in .xlsx format

Notes:

application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.spreadsheetml.sheet