Shocked into Service: Free Trade and the American South's Military Burden (doi:10.7910/DVN/YTTDWH)

View:

Part 1: Document Description
Part 2: Study Description
Part 3: Data Files Description
Part 4: Variable Description
Part 5: Other Study-Related Materials
Entire Codebook

Shocked into Service: Free Trade and the American South's Military Burden

doi:10.7910/DVN/YTTDWH

Harvard Dataverse

2019-12-18

1

Dean, Adam; Obert, Jonathan, 2019, "Shocked into Service: Free Trade and the American South's Military Burden", https://doi.org/10.7910/DVN/YTTDWH, Harvard Dataverse, V1, UNF:6:oQRMjBB/rFr4njw1bHoNeg== [fileUNF]

Shocked into Service: Free Trade and the American South's Military Burden

doi:10.7910/DVN/YTTDWH

Dean, Adam (George Washington University)

Obert, Jonathan (Amherst College)

Harvard Dataverse

Interactions, International

Interactions, International

2019-08-12

https://doi.org/10.7910/DVN/YTTDWH

Social Sciences, International trade, US Military

Free trade has gradually shifted the burden of military service onto the American South. While trade shocks generally lead to local increases in US Army enlistment, there are two different regional dynamics that concentrate this effect in the South. First, trade-related job losses are disproportionately concentrated in this region, where manufacturing jobs grad- ually migrated during the second half of the 20th century. Second, the South’s “military tradition,” a relatively youthful population, and weak labor unions, combine to translate trade shocks into larger spikes in Army enlistment than the rest of the country. This paper uses county-level data from 1996-2010 to demonstrate the importance of meso-level, regional factors for understanding the location of trade shocks, as well as how communities adjust to such economic dislocations. We find that trade-related job losses account for roughly 7 percent of the South’s over-representation in the Army during our period of study.

<a href="http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0">CC0 1.0</a>

• Number of cases: 37067

• No. of variables per record: 66

• Type of File: text/tab-separated-values

UNF:6:oQRMjBB/rFr4njw1bHoNeg==

• Year - Year
• GeoFips - GeoFips
• State - State
• Enrollment - Enrollment
• Population.x - Population.x
• Unemployment - Unemployment
• median_age - median_age
• lag1Enrollment - lag1Enrollment
• lPopulation - lPopulation
• TradeLayoffs - TradeLayoffs
• Population - Population
• IncomePC - IncomePC
• Membership - Membership
• Percent_White - Percent_White
• Percent_Black - Percent_Black
• BlackBelt - BlackBelt
• South - South
• Northeast - Northeast
• DeepSouth - DeepSouth
• NonDeepSouth - NonDeepSouth
• West - West
• PacWest - PacWest
• MountainWest - MountainWest
• EVANRATE - EVANRATE
• MidWest - MidWest
• Youth15.19 - Youth15.19
• Youth20.24 - Youth20.24
• Youth25.29 - Youth25.29
• Youth30.34 - Youth30.34
• YOUTH - YOUTH
• Area - Area
• Density - Density
• Vets - Vets
• Vetspc - Vetspc
• NonBBSouth - NonBBSouth
• AppalachiaSouth - AppalachiaSouth
• NonAppSouth - NonAppSouth
• MLS - MLS
• netMLS - netMLS
• NumBases - NumBases
• Base - Base
• Rep2PartyVoteShare - Rep2PartyVoteShare
• dEnrollment - dEnrollment
• lag2Enrollment - lag2Enrollment
• dlag1Enrollment - dlag1Enrollment
• lag1Workers_pc - lag1Workers_pc
• dTradeLayoffs - dTradeLayoffs
• lag1lPopulation - lag1lPopulation
• dlPopulation - dlPopulation
• lag1Unemployment - lag1Unemployment
• dUnemployment - dUnemployment
• lag1IncomePC - lag1IncomePC
• dIncomePC - dIncomePC
• lag1Membership - lag1Membership
• dMembership - dMembership
• lag1Percent_Black - lag1Percent_Black
• dPercent_Black - dPercent_Black
• lag1netMLS - lag1netMLS
• dnetMLS - dnetMLS
• RMC - RMC
• Recruiter_Number - Recruiter_Number
• Recruiter_Cost - Recruiter_Cost
• SRB_Bonus - SRB_Bonus
• PayGap - PayGap
• RMCvECI - RMCvECI
• Military_Deaths - Military_Deaths

f3536357 Location:

Summary Statistics: Max. 2010.0; Mean 2003.0153505813796; StDev 4.002778757196344; Valid 37067.0; Min. 1997.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:4uBaAwsd9Qkx6PFJRZFxdw==

f3536357 Location:

Summary Statistics: Min. 1001.0; Max. 56045.0; Valid 37067.0; Mean 30179.255429357574; StDev 15020.193730669269

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:IaV4Kpl2kZ2HGyPIpjaamA==

f3536357 Location:

Variable Format: character

Notes: UNF:6:4J40np/WMNikpdkLYsUyVQ==

f3536357 Location:

Summary Statistics: Min. 0.0; Mean 24.345941133623217; StDev 61.10648941422859; Max. 1693.0; Valid 37067.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:WO9+iQAOL5xwAD6GohKD0Q==

f3536357 Location:

Summary Statistics: Valid 37067.0; Mean 108173.1880109007; Min. 55.0; StDev 327104.6637490309; Max. 9826044.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:nTCWY7Iow/wkw7lg6OwWkg==

f3536357 Location:

Summary Statistics: Max. 33.2; Min. 0.7; Valid 37067.0; Mean 5.853408692367872; StDev 2.659803265872687

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:XtCthn9VlaczBrKpfLIZRg==

f3536357 Location:

Summary Statistics: Min. 22.9; Mean 40.2023282164729; Max. 63.8; Valid 37067.0; StDev 4.899462950215198

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:fnWdx7yoFCjN1CefuSZ1Ug==

f3536357 Location:

Summary Statistics: Max. 1693.0; Valid 37067.0; Mean 24.022580732185524; Min. 0.0; StDev 60.07299156030053;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:p/dqmNwCppFg+fgOsSCKYw==

f3536357 Location:

Summary Statistics: Min. 4.007333; Valid 37067.0; StDev 1.344976482001992; Mean 10.498749400928842; Max. 16.1005469696164

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:ab7c1YWjM01sbxGlktwIbQ==

f3536357 Location:

Summary Statistics: Mean 57.336363881618254; Min. 0.0; StDev 243.92192683108962; Valid 37067.0; Max. 9859.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:rRP7aGRnaZQ5ybQcpAo5Fw==

f3536357 Location:

Summary Statistics: Mean 108173.1880109007; Max. 9826044.0; StDev 327104.6637490309; Min. 55.0; Valid 37067.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:nTCWY7Iow/wkw7lg6OwWkg==

f3536357 Location:

Summary Statistics: Valid 37067.0; Min. 10.976; Max. 115.073; StDev 7.269973770521859; Mean 28.578228774921094;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:DvQ1IWLZ1BYUlZyeo9y7sw==

f3536357 Location:

Summary Statistics: Max. 26.7; Min. 2.3; StDev 5.479325394108741; Mean 10.686149405131212; Valid 37067.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:qhsqHJhFqiy++SHAy/i/3g==

f3536357 Location:

Summary Statistics: Max. 100.0; StDev 15.517637302342438; Min. 8.875118; Valid 37067.0; Mean 86.98806207193245

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:Rs9zz0AlfPrfRBQdj0J8lA==

f3536357 Location:

Summary Statistics: StDev 14.457480182884906; Min. 0.0; Mean 9.287258449144554; Max. 86.89798; Valid 37067.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:cWfjTuz0gQhbXHqVkFnCvg==

f3536357 Location:

Summary Statistics: StDev 0.40481192399946314; Mean 0.20651792699705568; Valid 37067.0; Min. 0.0; Max. 1.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:sDWUSwYrlKd5EyCqjeLwmQ==

f3536357 Location:

Summary Statistics: Valid 37067.0; Mean 0.4655893382253738; Min. 0.0; StDev 0.4988212296366988; Max. 1.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:OXy5AZz2qZEtNcXfAizckg==

f3536357 Location:

Summary Statistics: StDev 0.27111466998064637; Mean 0.07988237515850091; Min. 0.0; Max. 1.0; Valid 37067.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:aIgqJ1jpf8RkWrVSUIaqyQ==

f3536357 Location:

Summary Statistics: Max. 1.0; StDev 0.3503090483613564; Min. 0.0; Mean 0.14322712925243286; Valid 37067.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:U8me1n/iFY8rF19VIv14Pw==

f3536357 Location:

Summary Statistics: Min. 0.0; Mean 0.29403512558340106; Valid 37067.0; Max. 1.0; StDev 0.4556139492443199

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:VlQbUCW34orw0SY5vVa2Xw==

f3536357 Location:

Summary Statistics: Max. 1.0; Mean 0.12811935144468128; StDev 0.3342271636217088; Valid 37067.0; Min. 0.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:Wx3OB13doNy/Rn2ZMuAryg==

f3536357 Location:

Summary Statistics: Valid 37067.0; Mean 0.04861467073137873; Min. 0.0; Max. 1.0; StDev 0.21506401914305978

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:CsUhTfABCRf2ivX35rYT3A==

f3536357 Location:

Summary Statistics: StDev 0.2705284844032786; Max. 1.0; Min. 0.0; Mean 0.07950468071330062; Valid 37067.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:gWZesmDL/GPWTFdObvKg7A==

f3536357 Location:

Summary Statistics: Mean 232.15376882535455; Valid 37067.0; StDev 159.25114169028677; Min. 0.0; Max. 1308.69;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:gCLsbNc29bEYuPNihW77jg==

f3536357 Location:

Summary Statistics: Mean 0.32640893517144076; Max. 1.0; StDev 0.46890518653445185; Valid 37067.0; Min. 0.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:Nw6UJeoHTZd+sfjsFnn0EA==

f3536357 Location:

Summary Statistics: Mean 7.931184072085685; Max. 19.1; StDev 1.238037720061576; Min. 2.8; Valid 37067.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:/PYe62fDXrKReO7wxmQXEA==

f3536357 Location:

Summary Statistics: Valid 37067.0; StDev 2.6014104343452833; Mean 6.4288747403350515; Max. 28.0; Min. 0.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:Rz3Vw3bIla7ygL6FgqDKOw==

f3536357 Location:

Summary Statistics: Valid 37067.0; Max. 15.8; Mean 6.150168613591615; StDev 1.3902816762914652; Min. 2.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:S3X8QykaalTO/X7idb8Kmw==

f3536357 Location:

Summary Statistics: Valid 37067.0; Mean 6.549672215177921; Max. 14.0; Min. 2.8; StDev 1.1505474067460446

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:c3KdUfePsOXwZ7iHuf6bpw==

f3536357 Location:

Summary Statistics: Min. 8.4; Mean 27.05989964119029; Valid 37067.0; Max. 63.3; StDev 4.644069010202997

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:EeTi8LCjCC/OHftAuYC8Tw==

f3536357 Location:

Summary Statistics: Max. 25257.61; StDev 1367.0108361244509; Mean 1003.4140005935201; Valid 37067.0; Min. 15.47;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:PnsE1BAVr/SsMoMuTxYQpw==

f3536357 Location:

Summary Statistics: StDev 1273.8805894271095; Valid 37067.0; Mean 215.33322741622774; Max. 47279.8154212563; Min. 0.0812755833370277

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:R+IKvdS0QpW8fUhuYDkBtA==

f3536357 Location:

Summary Statistics: Mean 7510.935711009931; Valid 37067.0; Min. 4.0; Max. 308834.0; StDev 17079.38139663769;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:UR2MdRpfjNR/V22YYm9axQ==

f3536357 Location:

Summary Statistics: Max. 0.346996935099385; Mean 0.07890369631168036; Valid 37067.0; StDev 0.023847056068678513; Min. 0.013080444735121

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:O8I5XI4ZIuuNiWPyDFEkrw==

f3536357 Location:

Summary Statistics: Min. 0.0; StDev 0.4381307953167809; Valid 37067.0; Max. 1.0; Mean 0.2590714112283144

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:XECI3iLjeftqCJiuN+zX/w==

f3536357 Location:

Summary Statistics: StDev 0.31122652109207233; Max. 1.0; Min. 0.0; Mean 0.10866808751719638; Valid 37067.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:NWUZzRpKQCyujH8nsimSpg==

f3536357 Location:

Summary Statistics: Max. 1.0; StDev 0.47909776030303786; Min. 0.0; Valid 37067.0; Mean 0.35692125070817393

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:22gKEc8vLjUX+3JYLlcg/g==

f3536357 Location:

Summary Statistics: Max. 143639.0; Min. 0.0; Mean 417.0846844902668; Valid 37067.0; StDev 2100.433923310676

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:AC0u4+o5XIbvcy5KHLCQEg==

f3536357 Location:

Summary Statistics: Valid 37067.0; Max. 143503.0; Min. 0.0; Mean 376.5747700111043; StDev 2023.8676703790863;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:40oukVCHUl4R1InTTxWDcg==

f3536357 Location:

Summary Statistics: Min. 0.0; Valid 37067.0; Mean 0.0972293414627549; Max. 14.0; StDev 0.4526219189992728

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:8FT3yWnFUVQOT3Et1uHX7A==

f3536357 Location:

Summary Statistics: StDev 0.2639154766061743; Max. 1.0; Mean 0.0753230636415109; Valid 37067.0; Min. 0.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:dzojC5J8lYBqC4c3anLlOQ==

f3536357 Location:

Summary Statistics: Mean 56.48329017633258; Max. 99.8869417750141; Valid 37067.0; Min. 0.0836120401337793; StDev 15.0437687879415

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:YkGa1lV/7H7Mk8B/NV/h9A==

f3536357 Location:

Summary Statistics: Mean 0.3233604014353259; Max. 259.0; Min. -367.0; Valid 37067.0; StDev 10.77110386253937;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:BwzbAPzRN/Hz8bkz0LCOow==

f3536357 Location:

Summary Statistics: Valid 34038.0; Mean 24.327486926376; Min. 0.0; StDev 60.536685271261575; Max. 1693.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:D701fLRXVOFovegyL1jhOA==

f3536357 Location:

Summary Statistics: Max. 259.0; Valid 34038.0; Min. -367.0; Mean 0.1880251483636628; StDev 10.756054394842323

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:4fVPa+4QRVt7feNgr2aIgw==

f3536357 Location:

Summary Statistics: Max. 9859.0; Mean 60.30310241494608; StDev 252.38411082733106; Min. 0.0; Valid 34038.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:v1V1I7CXXMMvgkDvuwfP+A==

f3536357 Location:

Summary Statistics: Min. -9838.0; StDev 289.7117184504328; Max. 7239.0; Valid 34038.0; Mean -1.6318232563611619

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:UikyXCeQ9RuhRYOI2gRK1Q==

f3536357 Location:

Summary Statistics: Max. 16.0972052582598; Min. 4.007333; StDev 1.3357646727424197; Valid 34038.0; Mean 10.51499190852549;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:HrS7hQU25a1xALlgvZtEDw==

f3536357 Location:

Summary Statistics: Mean 0.003579025192072469; Valid 34038.0; Min. -0.3559628411285; StDev 0.022139528770821443; Max. 0.241162;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:Kn2z3X+oS0IxY6chvgMIVw==

f3536357 Location:

Summary Statistics: Max. 33.2; Mean 5.603375638991723; Min. 0.7; StDev 2.4548472455419925; Valid 34038.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:TEhpUC0IBcNTsNp1deoJEw==

f3536357 Location:

Summary Statistics: StDev 1.350470882259205; Max. 13.2; Mean 0.2770256771843478; Valid 34038.0; Min. -13.9

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:fetadz3m4IUizrYS/voMMQ==

f3536357 Location:

Summary Statistics: StDev 7.1519153351359455; Valid 34038.0; Max. 115.073; Min. 10.976; Mean 28.2930672777484

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:/O36YnhRq766fXHQgFxYwA==

f3536357 Location:

Summary Statistics: Mean 0.5856534167694918; Max. 27.094; Valid 34038.0; Min. -31.454; StDev 1.985949610903686;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:CY/RSYHWdW36mAHgiFfudw==

f3536357 Location:

Summary Statistics: Min. 2.3; Valid 34038.0; StDev 5.510160975895497; Mean 10.786541512427293; Max. 26.7;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:O1VtInfHbnVKhCHpGzrFyw==

f3536357 Location:

Summary Statistics: StDev 0.8542583072323761; Max. 2.8; Valid 34038.0; Mean -0.18233444973264967; Min. -3.4;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:ewLYXh7kOhVePapIXanFuQ==

f3536357 Location:

Summary Statistics: Mean 9.306108154326513; Valid 34038.0; StDev 14.445312044641135; Max. 86.89798; Min. 0.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:lT1TdOr7SdOkNZLSvnX5Ig==

f3536357 Location:

Summary Statistics: StDev 0.2459030471365918; Min. -4.039374; Valid 34038.0; Max. 5.412734; Mean 0.016581527326018072

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:VTLkb75Joql5K4vUAsa1BA==

f3536357 Location:

Summary Statistics: Valid 34038.0; StDev 1956.5135582986882; Max. 143503.0; Min. 0.0; Mean 372.45878136197535

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:BREqJY2c1ca6mt7LOuI7IQ==

f3536357 Location:

Summary Statistics: Min. -64443.0; StDev 1017.245476368016; Valid 34038.0; Max. 59856.0; Mean 15.614430930142941;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:1+uboIC853zne1k2c6QFDA==

f3536357 Location:

Summary Statistics: Min. 42110.0; StDev 2626.0427484423835; Mean 46408.15318605791; Max. 50747.0; Valid 22724.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:jU6LHCp7KMDu6nYNvctfmw==

f3536357 Location:

Summary Statistics: Min. 4552.0; Mean 5749.648831855415; Valid 23456.0; Max. 6476.0; StDev 517.052367247869;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:FETd6bPq+PoS2HAyA/5UpA==

f3536357 Location:

Summary Statistics: StDev 41.59371307438055; Mean 536.9912602319213; Min. 493.0; Max. 603.5; Valid 23456.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:7I57Iwh5KokhEY4VZmjnIg==

f3536357 Location:

Summary Statistics: Min. 51.0; Max. 708.0; StDev 243.49727430863618; Valid 29486.0; Mean 253.895781048669

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:m0G/DJb007Fw9zxXu1PqOg==

f3536357 Location:

Summary Statistics: Valid 34784.0; Mean 100.99080036798297; StDev 6.639728299861812; Max. 110.5; Min. 92.5

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:o1Hnmrel12tEY3mgBk9sFg==

f3536357 Location:

Summary Statistics: Max. 11.17; Mean 1.818082121563967; Valid 37067.0; StDev 6.8040364795124715; Min. -7.29;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:1IMj871kfeFRNjqEOC35xQ==

f3536357 Location:

Summary Statistics: Min. 796.0; Mean 1283.3921277684526; StDev 433.0029355011346; Valid 37067.0; Max. 1953.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:wkGPtFQVfGKQeaGlJaRfVQ==

Label:

Shocked Into Service Replication Code.R

type/x-r-syntax