NSTX-U research advancing the physics of spherical tokamaks

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J.W. Berkery, P.O. Adebayo-Ige, H. Al Khawaldeh, G. Avdeeva, S-G. Baek, S. Banerjee, K. Barada, D.J. Battaglia, R.E. Bell, E. Belli, E.V. Belova, N. Bertelli, N. Bisai, P.T. Bonoli, M.D. Boyer, J. Butt, J. Candy, C.S. Chang, C.F. Clauser, L.D. Corona Rivera, M. Curie, P.C. de Vries, R. Diab, A. Diallo, J. Dominski, V.N. Duarte, E.D. Emdee, N.M. Ferraro, R. Fitzpatrick, E.L. Foley, E. Fredrickson, M.E. Galante, K.F. Gan, S. Gerhardt, R. Goldston, W. Guttenfelder, , R. Hager, M.O. Hanson, S.C. Jardin, T.G. Jenkins, S.M. Kaye, A. Khodak, J. Kinsey, A. Kleiner, E. Kolemen, S. Ku, M. Lampert, B. Leard, B.P. LeBlanc, J.B. Lestz, F.M. Levinton, C. Liu, T. Looby, R. Lunsford, T. Macwan, R. Maingi, J. McClenaghan, J.E. Menard, S. Munaretto, M. Ono, A. Pajares, J. Parisi, J-K. Park, , M.S. Parsons, B.S. Patel, Y.V. Petrov, M. Podest`a, F. Poli, M. Porcelli, T. Rafiq, S.A. Sabbagh, A´. Sánchez Villar, E. Schuster, J. Schwartz, A. Sharma, S. Shiraiwa, P. Sinha, D. Smith, S. Smith, V.A. Soukhanovskii, G. Staebler, E. Startsev, B. Stratton, K.E. Thome, W. Tierens, M. Tobin, I.U. Uzun-Kaymak, B. Van Compernolle, J. Wai, W. Wang, W. Wehner, A. Welander, J. Yang, V. Zamkovska, X. Zhang, X.L. Zhu, S. Zweben, 2025, "NSTX-U research advancing the physics of spherical tokamaks", https://doi.org/10.7910/DVN/DJ12HE, Harvard Dataverse, V1
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The objectives of NSTX-U research are to reinforce the advantages of STs while addressing the challenges. To extend confinement physics of low-A, high beta plasmas to lower collisionality levels, understanding of the transport mechanisms that set confinement performance and pedestal profiles is being advanced through gyrokinetic simulations, reduced model development, and comparison to NSTX experiment, as well as improved simulation of RF heating. To develop stable non-inductive scenarios needed for steady-state operation, various performance-limiting modes of instability were studied, including MHD, tearing modes, and energetic particle instabilities. Predictive tools were developed, covering disruptions, runaway electrons, equilibrium reconstruction, and control tools. To develop power and particle handling techniques to optimize plasma exhaust in high performance scenarios, innovative lithium-based solutions are being developed to handle the very high heat flux levels that the increased heating power and compact geometry of NSTX-U will produce, and will be seen in future STs. Predictive capabilities accounting for plasma phenomena, like edge harmonic oscillations, ELMs, and blobs, are being tested and improved. In these ways, NSTX-U researchers are advancing the physics understanding of ST plasmas to maximize the benefit that will be gained from further NSTX-U experiments and to increase confidence in projections to future devices.
Subject Physics
Keyword HHFW, high harmonic fast wave heating, NSTX-U, parametric decay instability, spherical tokamak plasmas
Notes CITATION: J.W. Berkery et al 2024 Nucl. Fusion 64 112004

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1088/1741-4326/ad3092

PSFC REPORT PSFC/JA-24-184

This work was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy under contract numbers DE-AC02-09CH11466 (PPPL), DE-SC0008309 (UT, Knoxville), DE-SC0013977 (Lehigh), DE-SC0021385 (Lehigh), DE-SC0021113 (GA), DE-FG02-95ER54309 (GA), DE-FG02-91ER54109 (MIT), DE-SC0021156 (UT, Austin), DE-SC0021625 (Nova Photonics), DE-SC0021311 (Columbia), and DE- AC52-07NA27344 (LLNL). Additionally: EP/R034737/1 (UKAEA). A part of this research used resources of the National Energy Research Scientific Computing Center (NERSC), which is supported by the Office of Science of the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-AC02- 05CH11231. A part of this work was supported by the Department of Energy early career research program. Part of the data analysis was performed using the OMFIT integrated modeling framework [107]. The United States Government retains a non-exclusive, paid-up, irrevocable, world-wide license to publish or repro- duce the published form of this manuscript, or allow others to do so, for United States Government purposes. Work also supported by DOE Contract DE-SC0021120.

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