Latent Estimates of Historic Gross Domestic Product, GDP per capita, Surplus Domestic Product, Population, and Military Expenditure Data

Latent variable datasets for Gross Domestic Product (GDP), GDP per capita, Surplus Domestic Product, and population. The latent variable modeling framework that expands data coverage (1500 A.D--present) and, by making use of multiple indicators for each variable, provides a principled framework to estimate uncertainty for values for all country-year variables relative to one another. Surplus domestic product (SDP) decomposes subsistence income and surplus income from total GDP. Military expenditure latent variable estimates are also now available.

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1 to 5 of 5 Results

Global Military Spending Dataset Apr 29, 2025 Miriam Barnum; Christopher Fariss; Jonathan Markowitz; Gaea Morales, 2022, "Global Military Spending Dataset", https://doi.org/10.7910/DVN/DHMZOW, Harvard Dataverse, V9, UNF:6:l9VkCOtm67+GQaPz8tWZ7Q== [fileUNF] The world has become much more peaceful, and yet, even after adjusting for inflation, global military spending is now three times greater than at the height of the Cold War. These developments have motivated a renewed interest from both policy makers and scholars about the drivers of military spending and the implications that follow. Existing find...
Latent Estimates of Historic Gross Domestic Product, GDP per capita, Surplus Domestic Product, and Population Data Version 1 Aug 1, 2024 Fariss, Christopher; Therese Anders; Jonathan Markowitz; Miriam Barnum, 2022, "Latent Estimates of Historic Gross Domestic Product, GDP per capita, Surplus Domestic Product, and Population Data Version 1", https://doi.org/10.7910/DVN/FALCGS, Harvard Dataverse, V2 Gross Domestic Product (GDP), GDP per capita, and population are central to the study of politics and economics broadly, and conflict processes in particular. Despite the prominence of these variables in empirical research, existing data lack historical coverage and are assumed to be measured without error. We develop a latent variable modeling fra...
Replication Data for: Measuring Arms: Introducing the Global Military Spending Dataset Jan 30, 2024 Miriam Barnum; Christopher J. Fariss; Jonathan N. Markowitz; Gaea Morales, 2024, "Replication Data for: Measuring Arms: Introducing the Global Military Spending Dataset", https://doi.org/10.7910/DVN/RKJAKJ, Harvard Dataverse, V1 Agreement between observed country-year-variable values (orange boxes) and the posterior predicted point estimates for which the observed value is observed (light grey boxes). Dark grey boxes show the distribution for the full range of the posterior predicted point estimates (including estimates for which the original value is missing). Across all...
Replication Data for: New Estimates of Over 500 Years of Historic GDP and Population Data Sep 24, 2021 Christopher Fariss; Therese Anders; Jonathan Markowitz; Miriam Barnum, 2021, "Replication Data for: New Estimates of Over 500 Years of Historic GDP and Population Data", https://doi.org/10.7910/DVN/DC0ING, Harvard Dataverse, V4 Gross Domestic Product (GDP), GDP per capita, and population are central to the study of politics and economics broadly, and conflict processes in particular. Despite the prominence of these variables in empirical research, existing data lack historical coverage and are assumed to be measured without error. We develop a latent variable modeling fra...
Replication Data for: Bread before guns or butter: Introducing Surplus Domestic Product (SDP) Sep 22, 2021 Therese Anders; Jonathan Markowitz; Christopher Fariss, 2021, "Replication Data for: Bread before guns or butter: Introducing Surplus Domestic Product (SDP)", https://doi.org/10.7910/DVN/U8RVMU, Harvard Dataverse, V2 Scholars systematically mismeasure power-resources and military burdens by using GDP (Gross Domestic Product) as a proxy for the income states can devote to arming. The core problem is that GDP confounds two conceptually distinct forms of income into one additive indicator. Subsistence income represents resources needed to provide the “bread” neces...

Global Military Spending Dataset

Apr 29, 2025

Miriam Barnum; Christopher Fariss; Jonathan Markowitz; Gaea Morales, 2022, "Global Military Spending Dataset", https://doi.org/10.7910/DVN/DHMZOW, Harvard Dataverse, V9, UNF:6:l9VkCOtm67+GQaPz8tWZ7Q== [fileUNF]

The world has become much more peaceful, and yet, even after adjusting for inflation, global military spending is now three times greater than at the height of the Cold War. These developments have motivated a renewed interest from both policy makers and scholars about the drivers of military spending and the implications that follow. Existing find...

Latent Estimates of Historic Gross Domestic Product, GDP per capita, Surplus Domestic Product, and Population Data Version 1

Aug 1, 2024

Fariss, Christopher; Therese Anders; Jonathan Markowitz; Miriam Barnum, 2022, "Latent Estimates of Historic Gross Domestic Product, GDP per capita, Surplus Domestic Product, and Population Data Version 1", https://doi.org/10.7910/DVN/FALCGS, Harvard Dataverse, V2

Gross Domestic Product (GDP), GDP per capita, and population are central to the study of politics and economics broadly, and conflict processes in particular. Despite the prominence of these variables in empirical research, existing data lack historical coverage and are assumed to be measured without error. We develop a latent variable modeling fra...

Replication Data for: Measuring Arms: Introducing the Global Military Spending Dataset

Jan 30, 2024

Miriam Barnum; Christopher J. Fariss; Jonathan N. Markowitz; Gaea Morales, 2024, "Replication Data for: Measuring Arms: Introducing the Global Military Spending Dataset", https://doi.org/10.7910/DVN/RKJAKJ, Harvard Dataverse, V1

Agreement between observed country-year-variable values (orange boxes) and the posterior predicted point estimates for which the observed value is observed (light grey boxes). Dark grey boxes show the distribution for the full range of the posterior predicted point estimates (including estimates for which the original value is missing). Across all...

Replication Data for: New Estimates of Over 500 Years of Historic GDP and Population Data

Sep 24, 2021

Christopher Fariss; Therese Anders; Jonathan Markowitz; Miriam Barnum, 2021, "Replication Data for: New Estimates of Over 500 Years of Historic GDP and Population Data", https://doi.org/10.7910/DVN/DC0ING, Harvard Dataverse, V4

Replication Data for: Bread before guns or butter: Introducing Surplus Domestic Product (SDP)

Sep 22, 2021

Therese Anders; Jonathan Markowitz; Christopher Fariss, 2021, "Replication Data for: Bread before guns or butter: Introducing Surplus Domestic Product (SDP)", https://doi.org/10.7910/DVN/U8RVMU, Harvard Dataverse, V2

Scholars systematically mismeasure power-resources and military burdens by using GDP (Gross Domestic Product) as a proxy for the income states can devote to arming. The core problem is that GDP confounds two conceptually distinct forms of income into one additive indicator. Subsistence income represents resources needed to provide the “bread” neces...

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