This panel dataset brings together state-level indicators to explore the drivers of regulatory and environmental performance related to sand and gravel mining (SGM) across the United States. It integrates information from multiple domains—including mining activity, demographic and educational composition, and political context—for all 50 U.S. states across approximately two decades (2000–2023). The dataset enables multi-dimensional analysis of factors that may influence regulatory performance and environmental outcomes associated with in-stream mining, including the role of state-level autonomy. While primarily intended to support statistical analysis, policy comparison, and broader discussions on environmental governance in mining, it also provides valuable, organized data on key demographic variables such as educational attainment by age and gender.