While resource riches line the African continent, this has done little to prevent childhood malnutrition. Indeed, the (very limited) evidence available suggests child nutrition may be worse in mining-dependent communities. This project investigated the food choices driving this disconnect in gold-mining areas in northern Guinea. After engaging local stakeholders to finalize the research strategy and ensure relevance, we applied mixed-methods to study the diverse drivers of food choice for women miners and their partners (particularly mothers of young children), food vendors, and market sellers in mining-dependent communities. The dataverse includes tools and data from a cross-sectional household survey and market surveys, conducted across multiple rounds. The research helped to shed light on how food choices change amid the transition from agricultural to resource-extraction livelihoods. As about 100 million people worldwide depend on artisanal mining for their livelihoods, the results should be of considerable policy and programmatic relevance.